Definition of Terms

Project Feasibility Study

Conceptual and Operational: Project Feasibility Study refers to the culmination of all the
preparatory work that provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of the project before a final
decision about its viability is taken. An ideal F/S contains the following modules which provide
the basis for project evaluation: (a) demand-and-supply or market module; (b) technical or
engineering module; (c) manpower and administrative support module; (d) financial module; (e)
economic module; (f) social module; (g) institutional module; and (h) environmental module.
(National Economic and Development Authority Department of Budget and Management, 2014)
Market feasibility
Conceptual: In general, a market analysis searches for the intersection of demand and supply that
will create a market for a product at a given price, and a feasibility analysis tests whether a
certain product will meet certain financial or social goals in the market. The market study will
examine comparables in the study area to see what scale and amenities will increase absorption
and capture rates. The marketability study is mainly used to describe what conditions are
necessary for the project to be successful. (Novak, 1996)
Operational: In this study market feasibility will determine the demand and supply. It will also
assess the potential return on the investment, absorption and market capture rates and the
project’s timing.

Technical feasibility
Conceptual: Technical and operational feasibility are concerned with whether the proper
resources exist or are reasonably attainable to implement a specific alternative. This includes the
square footage of the building, existing and available utilities, existing processing and material
handling equipment, quality requirements, and skill level of employees. During this process,
product specifications and facility constraints should be taken into account. (Franchetti, 2011)
Operational: Technical feasibility will determine the design and specifications, process of
construction and equipment to be used for the proposed sanitary landfill. The technical feasibility
study will involve evaluating the engineering aspect of the project by applying the principles of
civil engineering.

Financial feasibility
Conceptual: Financial feasibility analysis is performed to test whether the project's return will
exceed opportunity costs. y combining the results of the market analysis and the cost estimates,
the feasibility analysis will estimate financial returns. Most feasibility analysis include a pro
forma which outlines expenses and incomes in a spread sheet. The feasibility study estimates
value based on market prices and the present worth of the site. Developers, investors and lenders
base many of their decisions on the feasibility study. (Novak, 1996)
Operational: Financial feasibility study will determine how much will be the cost to operate the
project. The financial feasibility study will involve evaluating the capability of the government to
come up with the funds needed to operate the landfill.

Financing feasibility

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Conceptual: The criteria shall be used in the screening, prioritization and evaluation of the new
Feasibility Studies and Feasibility Studies updating that may be eligible for funding.
(National Economic and Development Authority Department of Budget and Management, 2014)
Operational: Financing feasibility will determine if the budget to finance for the investment of
the project using the pre-construction and construction cost estimate will be sufficient.

Socio-economic feasibility
Conceptual: Socio-economic aspect aims to discuss and determine what are the social
implications of the study to the society, the economic implications and the environment and
implications of the study to the economy. It aims to determine the social implications of the
study, to determine the economic implications of the study and to determine the environment
implications of the study. (Gatdula, 2018)
Operational: Socio-economic feasibility will determine what will be the effect of the project to
Bacolod City and its residents.

Environmental Feasibility
Conceptual: Modification of the environment caused by the action of man or of nature.
(Jaramillo, 2003)
Operational: Environmental feasibility will determine the effects of the project to the
environment. Environmental feasibility study will involve evaluating the capability of the project
to secure licenses, approvals and permits in a timely and cost effective way.
Management feasibility
Conceptual: The overall implementation plan is discussed in the organization and management
study. This aspect includes a study of the officers and key personnel, basic consideration in
forming the organization, form of ownership, organizational chart and project schedule. The
objective of the management aspect of a feasibility study is to determine the option effectiveness
of the organizational setup and the qualifications of the individuals who will make up the
organization. (Bejo, Bio , Borras, and Gabatan, 2013)
Operational: Management feasibility will determine how the project will be managed effectively
and efficiently to achieve its purpose.

Sanitary Landfill
Conceptual and Operational: A Sanitary Landfill is a disposal site designed, constructed,
operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential
environmental impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility. In particular,
engineering of the site is undertaken to contain and regulate the uncontrolled migration of
leachate (water contaminated from contact with decomposing waste) and landfill gas. (DENR
Administrative Order No. 49 Series of 1998)

Leachate
Conceptual and Operational: Water that collects contaminants as it trickles through wastes,
pesticides or fertilizers. Leaching may occur in farming areas, feedlots, and landfills, and may
result in hazardous substances entering surface water, ground water, or soil. (Bailey, 2016)

Geomembranes

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Conceptual and Operational: Geomembranes are also called flexible membrane liners (FML).
These liners are constructed from various plastic materials, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The preferred material for use in MSW and secure
landfills is HDPE. This material is strong, resistant to most chemicals, and is considered to be
impermeable to water. Therefore, HDPE minimizes the transfer of leachate from the landfill to
the environment. The thickness of geomembranes used in landfill liner construction is regulated
by federal and state laws. (Hughes, Christy and Heimlich, 2013)

Geotextile
Conceptual and Operational: In landfill liners, geotextiles are used to prevent the movement of
small soil and refuse particles into the leachate collection layers and to protect geomembranes
from punctures. These materials allow the movement of water but trap particles to reduce
clogging in the leachate collection system. (Hughes, Christy and Heimlich, 2013)

Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)

Conceptual and Operational: These liners consist of a thin clay layer (four to six millimeters)
between two layers of a geotextile. These liners can be installed more quickly than traditional
compacted clay liners, and the efficiency of these liners is impacted less by freeze-thaw cycles.
(Hughes, Christy and Heimlich, 2013)

Landfill Base Liner

Conceptual and Operational: Landfill Base Liner means a continuous layer of primary
Geosynthetic membrane and a secondary compacted clayliner or Geosynthetic Clay Liner
(GCL), installed beneath and/or on the sides of a landfill footprint which acts as a barrier to
vertical and lateral leachate and landfill gas movement. (Landfill Criteria for Municipal Solid
Wastes, 2016)

Landfill Cell
Conceptual and Operational: "Landfill Cell" means that portion of compacted MSW in a landfill
that is enclosed by cover after a designated period. (Landfill Criteria for Municipal Solid Wastes,
2016)

Landfill cover
Conceptual and Operational: A daily cover of compacted soil or earth is applied on top of the
waste deposited in a landfill. This cover minimizes the interaction between waste and the
surrounding environment. It also reduces odours. (Landfill Criteria for Municipal Solid Wastes,
2016)

Design Capacity
Conceptual and Operational: "Design Capacity" is the volume of airspace available for waste
within the landfill footprint. (Landfill Criteria for Municipal Solid Wastes, 2016)

Landfill Gas

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Conceptual and Operational: "Landfill Gas" (LFG) means a mixture of gases generated by the
decomposition of MSW. (Landfill Criteria for Municipal Solid Wastes, 2016)