CITATIONS

NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY formats

1All footnotes (endnotes) must be “first line indent” (.05). While the notes have

single spacing, a blank line or space must be provided in between entry. To do this, just click
[home] + [paragraph settings] + click, under “indentation,” special and first line (0.5)

All bibliographic entries must have a hanging indent. That means that the first line is not
indented, but the succeeding 2nd and 3rd lines, if any, must use hanging indent (.05).
Just like the entry here. To do this, just click [home] + [paragraph settings] + click
under “indentiation” special and hanging (0.5)

The major contents of the bibliography should only be divided to Books, Periodicals,
Unpublished Materials, and Electronic Sources. Distinction between primary and secondary
source is already passé.

General references are not included in the BIBLIOGRAPHY but the reference to the
newspaper or Encyclopedia should be included in the footnote.

All footnote numbers in the text must be placed at the end of the sentence, regardless
whether the notes contain reference notes or explanatory notes.

For sources that contain more than two authors “et al.” may be used in the footnote entry,
but the bibliographic entry should contain the complete names of all the authors or editors.

A quotation within quotation should only be written with “single ‘quotation’ marks” like this.

No abbreviation is used for the title. For example, Habermas’s The Theory of Communicative
Action should not be abbreviated to TCA. In the notes and text, it must appear Theory of
Communicative Action. For example the succeeding note should be Habermas, Theory of the
Communicative Action, 45.

Books

Author and translator

(N)1 1Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. Joan Macquarie and E. Robinson (New
York: Harper and Row, 1962), 184.

Citation to the same source immediately preceding the following main citation:
Ibid., 185.

1
(N) Refers to the Footnote or Endnote form of documentation.
Later citation to the same source (especially pages away from the first entry of the citation):
Heidegger, Being and Time, 187.

Author and translator

(B)2
Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Translated by Joan Macquarie and E. Robinson. New
York: Harper and Row, 1962.

Citation of Classics

Aristotle, Physics, Book II 194b 20.

Aristotle, Metaphysics Book I 983b7- 988a15

Chapter or other part of a book

(N) Bruno Latour, “Do You Believe in Reality? News from the Trenches of the Science
Wars,” in Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition: An Anthology, ed. Robert C.
Scharff and Val Dusek (Cowley Road, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003), 133.

(B)
Latour, Bruno. “Do You Believe in Reality? News from the Trenches of the Science Wars.” In
Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition: An Anthology. Edited by
Robert C. Scharff and Val Dusek, 126-137. Cowley Road, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
2003.

Editor as Author

(N) James Bernauer and David Rasmussen, eds., The Final Foucault (Cambridge,
Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1988), 31.
(B)
Bernauer, James and David Rasmussen, eds. The Final Foucault. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
MIT Press, 1988.

Author’s multivolume work in a series

(N) Michel Foucault, Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology: Essential Works of

Foucault 1954-1984, vol. 2, ed. by James D. Faubion (London: Penguin Books, 1994), 23.

(B)
Foucault, Michel. Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984.
Volume 2. Edited by James D. Faubion. London: Penguin Books, 1994.

2
(B) refers to the Bibliography.
________. Ethics: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Volume 3. Edited by Paul Rabinow. Commented [a1]: 8 underscore lines

London: Penguin Books, 1994.

________. Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Volume 1. Edited by James D.

Faubion. London: Penguin Books, 1994.

Chapter or Article in a Book

Michel Foucault, “The Subject and Power,” in Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow,
Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1983), 98.

Foucault, Michel. “The Subject and Power.” In Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow. Michel
Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1983, 98-110.

Periodicals

(N) Albert Borgmann and Carl Mitcham, “The Question of Heidegger and Technology: A
Critical Review of the Literature,” Philosophy Today 31, no. 2 (1987): 98.

Citation to the same source immediately preceding the following main citation:
Ibid., 99.

Later citation to the same source (especially pages away from the first entry of the citation):
Borgmann and Mitcham, “Question of Heidegger and Technology,” 187.
(B)
Borgmann, Albert and Carl Mitcham. “The Question of Heidegger and Technology: A Critical
Review of the Literature.” Philosophy Today 31 (1987): 98-194.

Article in an online journal
(N) Dennis Weis, “Human-Technology-World,” Techne 12, no. 2 (Spring 2008): 10 [article
online]; available from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v12n2/pdf/; 20 October 2008.
Commented [a2]: Note: Academic articles that are accessed
online but appear periodically in a journal must be included in the
periodical sections.

Later citation to the same source (especially pages away from the first entry of the citation):
Weiss, “Human-Technology-World,” online.
(B)
Weis, Dennis. “Human-Technology-World.” Techne 12 (Spring 2008): 110-119. Article online.
Available from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v12n2/pdf/. 20 October 2008.
Electronic Sources

Article/ webpage online

(N) Samuel Ebersole, “Media Determinism in Cyberspace,” [article online]; available Commented [a3]: Author
from http://www.regent.edu/acad/schcom/rojc/mdic/md.html; 25 May 2001. Commented [a4]: Title
Commented [a5]: Type of material. Blog, article, CD ROM, .pdf
file; e-book.
(B)
Ebersole, Samuel. “Media Determinism in Cyberspace.” Article online. Available from Commented [a6]: URL (universal resource locator)

http://www.regent.edu/acad/schcom/rojc/mdic/md.html. 25 May 2001. Commented [a7]: Date of access.

Interviews
Foucault, Michel. “Interview with Michel Foucault.” Interview by author. Video recording. 10 Commented [a8]: Type of recording.

October 1984. University of San Carlos, Cebu City. Commented [a9]: Date of the interview.
Commented [a10]: Place of the interview.

Unpublished Materials

(N) Henry Davis Jr., Technology and the Origin of Nature Concepts: The Impact of the
Built World on Aristotle and Galileo’s Concepts of Motion,” (Ph.D. diss., Duquesne University,
2001), Dissertation Abstract International 62/01, 196.

Davis, Henry Jr. “Technology and the Origin of Nature Concepts: The Impact of the Built
World on Aristotle and Galileo’s Concepts of Motion.” Ph. D. diss., Duquesne
University, 2001. Dissertation Abstract International 62/01. Commented [a11]: Optional.

General References (Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, *pedia) Commented [a12]: General references do not appear in
Bibliography.

Donald Borchert, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, s. v. “Aposteriori,” Vol. 1, (Detroit:

Macmillan Reference, 2006).

Format for other sources consult

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.