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STRUCTURE I
“Design Assumption”
Revised : 17-September-2013
Prepared By : LB3
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Design Assumptions
4. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber
shall be assumed equal to u = 0.003.
3
Design Assumption #1
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Design Assumption #1
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Design Assumption #6
Parabolic Stress-Strain distribution in concrete may be considered satisfied by
an equivalent rectangular concrete stress distribution.
30MPa 58MPa
f ' c 30
1 0.85 0.05 0.65
7
SNI-03-2847-2002, pasal 12.2.7.3
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Design Assumption #6
Relationship between concrete compressive stress distribution and concrete
strain shall be assumed to be rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or any other
shape that results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with results
of comprehensive tests.
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Force Equilibrium
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REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURE
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Condition where the yield of steel reinforcement and the crushing of outer concrete
compressive fiber occur at the same time.
Or condition when ultimate strain of concrete occur the same time as steel yield strain
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Balanced Strain Condition
Strain linear relationship :
cb u
d u y
u 0.003 600
u y 0.003 fy / 200000 600 fy
0.851 f c' cb
b
fy d
0.851 f c' 600
b
fy 600 f y
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Balanced Strain Condition
To ensure the structure is under reinforced condition :
0.851 f c' 600
max 0.75b 0.75
fy 600 f y
Minimum reinforcement for flexural member :
3 f c' 1.4
As min bw d bw d
fy fy
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Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Design of reinforced concrete beam is used to design the beam dimension with
only known moment forces. Other rules in RC design can also be based on ACI
318-99 or SNI 2847-2002.
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Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Force Equilibrium :
C T
0.85 f c'ba As f y bdf y
As f y df y
a
0.85 f c'b 0.85 f c'
Moment Equilibrium :
a
M n C or T d
2
0.5d f y
M n bdf y d
0.85 f c'
A nominal strength coefficient of resistance (Rn) is obtained when both sides of
Eq. above are divided by bd2 :
Mn 0.5f y
Rn 2
f
y 1
'
bd 0.85 f c
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Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
When b and d are preset (determined), is obtained by solving the quadratic
equation for Rn :
0.5 f y2 2
fy Rn 0
0.85 f '
c
0.85 f c' 2 Rn
1 1 1
f y 0.85 f c'
Equation above can be used to determine the steel ratio given Mu or vice-versa
if the section properties b and q are known. Substituting Mn = Mu/ into
Equation above and divided each side by f’c :
Mu f y 0.5f y f y
Rn 1 ;
f c'bd 2 f c' 0.85 f c' f c'
1 0.59
Mu
f 'cbd 2
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Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Example of design using graphics guide of single RC beam in flexure.
Home Work :
1. Create a graphics for single
reinforced concrete beam with
various f’c and fy.
2. Use the constraint of fy in one
graphics for example fy : 240
MPa, 300 MPa, 320 MPa, 350
MPa, 400 MPa.
3. Use several f’c in one graphics
for example f’c : 20 MPa, 25
MPa, 30 MPa, 35 MPa, 40 MPa,
45 Mpa, 50 MPa.
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Example Design [1]
Example Design :
Design the concrete section of the beam, which is simple supported and are
loaded as below : [f’c = 35 MPa, fy = 400 MPa].
Ql=1.5t/m;Qd=1t/m
L=6m
1 1
M d qd l 2 1 6 2 4.5tm 44.1kNm
8 8
1 1
M l ql l 2 1.5 6 2 6.75tm 66.15kNm
8 8
M u 1.2M d 1.6M l 1.2 44.1 1.6 66.15 158.76kNm
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Example Design [1]
#1 Determine maximum reinforcement ration (max) for material strength f’c =
35 MPa and fy = 400 MPa.
f ' c 30
1 0.85 0.05 0.65
7
35 30 Calculating 1
1 0.85 0.05 0.65
7
1 0.814 0.65
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Example Design [1]
#2 Compute bd2 required :
Mn Mu 0.5f y
Rn f
y 1
'
bd 2
bd 2
0.85 f c
0.5 0.0272 400
Rn 0.0272 4001 8.625MPa
0.85 35
M 158.76 1000000
bd 2 u 23008696mm3
Rn 0.8 8.625
#3 Determine Size member so that bd2 > bd2 required :
b 250mm
23008696
d 303.37mm
250
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = d + cover + dh + db/2
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = 303.37 + 40 +10 + 8 = 361.37 mm 400 mm
d = h – cover – dh – db/2 = 342 mm
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Example Design [1]
#4 Using the 400 mm beam depth (h), compute a revised value of :
Mu
Rn
bd 2
M u 158.76 1000000
Rn 6.786MPa
bd 2
0.8 250 342 2
0.85 f c' 2 Rn
min 1.4
max 1 1
f y 0.85 f c'
fy
0.85 35 2 6.786 1.4 1.4
max 0.0272 1 1 min
400 0.85 35 fy 400
max 0.0272 0.0196 min 0.0035
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Example Design [1]
#5 Compute As Required :
As = x b x d
As = 0.0196 x 250 x 342
As = 1675.80 mm2
Use 6 D19 (As=1701 mm2)
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Example Analysis [2]
Example Analysis :
Analyze the Moment Nominal Capacity (Mn) of the beam below : [f’c = 35
MPa, fy = 400 MPa].
d=350mm h=400mm
3D19
Cover+dh+db/2=50mm
b=250mm
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Example Analysis [2]
Example Analysis :
Analyze the Moment Nominal Capacity (Mn) of the beam below : [f’c = 35
MPa, fy = 400 MPa].
As 3 0.25 192 850mm2
As f y 850 400 C
a 45.71mm a
0.85 f b c
'
0.85 35 250
a
M n As f y d d
2
d-a/2
45.71
M n 850 400 350
2
M n 111.229kNm T
M u M n
M n 0.8111.229 88.983kNm
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Example Design 1 :
Calculate the lateral reinforcement requirement for beam size of
150x350mm which supported nominal moment load of 110kN-m,
with fc’ =30 Mpa, fy=300 Mpa.
Solution:
9
Mn 110.106
2
2
5.98 8
bd 150.350 7
4
0.023 3
1
As 1207.5 mm 2
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
24
Home Work: