MIN 500

Instrumentation and Experimental Methods

LAB REPORT

HEAT TRANSFER IN
CONCENTRIC SHELL TUBE HEAT EXCHNAGER

Report Prepared by :
DEVENDRA SHARMA
Enroll number : 18541002
Submission date
25​th​ march 2019

Indian Institute ofTechnology, Roorkee,

Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department
 Summary

The main objective of this experiment is to Comparing the amount of heat exchange between
hot and cold fluid in a concentric tube heat exchanger operating under parallel and counter
flow conditions. We have varied the mass flow rate by the rotameter and calculated the
amount of heat exchange between two fluids and graph is plotted for parallel and counter
flow. ​The case of parallel flow, the exit temperature of the hot fluid is higher than the exit
temperature of the cold fluid and rate of heat exchange is goes on decreasing as length of the
pipe increasing. As in the case of counter flow the exit temperature of hot fluid can be greater or
lesser than the exit temperature of the cold fluid depend on the mass flow rate with constant rate
of heat exchanging along the length.
Introduction:
Heat exchanger:
The process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures and separated
by a solid wall or direct mixing occurs in many engineering applications. The device used to
implement this exchange is termed a heat exchanger. Many specific applications are found in
found in space heating and air-conditioning, power production, waste heat recovery, and food &
chemical processing.
Heat exchangers are typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of construction.
The simplest heat exchanger is one for which the hot and cold fluids move in the same or
opposite directions in a concentric tube. Concentric ​tube shell accompanying several tubes and
the flow of liquid to be cooled is mainly through tubes, whereas the secondary liquid flows over
the tube inside shell. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger is mainly depend on the direction
of the flow wither parallel or counter flow.
In the parallel flow arrangement the hot and cold fluids enter at the same end, flow in the same
direction, and leave at the same end. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids enter at opposite
ends, flow in opposite directions, and leave at opposite ends.
 Fig: counter and parallel flow heat and exchanger and their graph respectively

​The principles of heat transfer within the heat exchanger is heat gain by cold fluid is equal to
heat loss by hot fluid if there is no major losses .
In a concentric tube heat exchanger

Heat loss by hot fluid [Wh] = Qh ρh Cph (Thin-Thout)

Heat gain by cold fluid [Wc] = Qc ρc Cpc (Tcin-Tcout)

Where,
Qh = flow rate of hot fluid
ρh = Density of hot fluid
Cph = heat capacity of hot fluid
Thin =Entrance temperature of hot fluid
Thout = Exit temperature of hot fluid
Similarly
Qc= flow rate of cold fluid
ρc = Density of cold fluid
Cpc= heat capacity of cold fluid
Tcin= Entrance temperature of cold fluid
Tcout= Exit temperature of cold fluid

Log mean temperature difference [oC] = ΔTm = (ΔT1-ΔT2)/[ln(ΔT1/ΔT2)]

Overall heat transfer coefficient [W/m2oC] = (heat power absorbed)/ (heat transmission area
ΔTm)
U = q/(AΔTm)
Efficiency η = [(heat absorbed)/ (heat power emitted)] x100
Heat power lost = heat power emitted - heat power absorbed

Experimental Set Up

Set equipment under parallel flow conditions according to the front panel of heat exchanger,
and by connecting inlet of hot and cold fluid at same end and outlet of hot and cold fluid at
same end. Set a mass flow rate for cold and hot fluid by adjusting rotameter . The
temperature readings have been taken for the inlet and outlet thermometers of both the cold
and hot fluid after the conditions have stabilized.

For counter flow connect the flow pipe set up according to front panel by connecting inlet of
cold flow in the direction of hot fluid exit and reading has taken.

Experimental Result and Analysis

Observation table 1
​OBSERVATIONS

Flow T1 (degree T2 (degree T3 (degree T4 (degree Volume flow Volume flow

celcius) celcius) celcius) celcius) rate (hot) rate (cold)
Direction:
(gram/sec) (gram/sec)
parallel flow Hot water in Hot water out Cold water in Cold water out
1. 51.6 45.3 18.9 23.8 28 38

CALCULATION

For parallel flow

​Sample T1-T2 T4-T3 Power Power absorbed by Temperature Temperatur Mean

No. emitted by cold stream efficiency of e efficiency efficiency
hot stream hot stream of cold
stream
Units Kelvin Watt Watt % % %
1. 6.3 4.9 726.96 776.37 19.26 14.98 17.12

For counter flow

Flow T1 (degree T2 (degree T3 (degree T4 (degree Volume flow Volume flow
Direction: celcius) celcius) celcius) celcius) rate (hot) rate (cold)
(gram/sec) (gram/sec)
Counter flow Hot water in Hot water out Cold water in Cold water out
1. 51.5 43.3 18.6 23.2 32 18

CALCULATION

For counter flow

S​ ample T1-T2 T4-T3 Power Power Temperature Temperature Mean
No. emitted by absorbed by efficiency of efficiency of efficiency
hot stream cold stream hot stream cold stream
Units Kelvin Watt Watt % % %
1. 6.7 4.9 773.96 776.37 20.55 15.03 17.79

Discussion and Result

From the data in Table 1, the general characteristics of parallel flow and counter flow heat
exchangers can be observed. In the parallel flow configuration, the exit temperature of the hot
fluid is higher than the exit temperature of the cold fluid and it must be Similarly, but In the
counter flow configuration, the exit temperature of the hot fluid must be higher than the entrance
temperature of the cold fluid.