Multimed Tools Appl

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6147-6

Multimodal data modeling for efficiency assessment

of social priority based urban bus route transportation
system using GIS and data envelopment analysis

Pitam Singh 1 & Ashish Kumar Singh 1 &

Priyamvada Singh 2 & Saru Kumari 3 &
Arun Kumar Sangaiah 4

Received: 2 February 2018 / Revised: 22 April 2018 / Accepted: 15 May 2018

# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Abstract Multimodal data modeling is fast growing area of research. It may used to combine
the information from the different sources. The research interest in multimodal data modeling
is increasingly attracting the attention in the field of transportation planning. In this study,
multi-modal data is used to assess and design a socially efficient public transport bus route plan
for the Allahabad city of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method
is used for the efficiency assessment of existing 24 public transport bus routes by taking access
point to locations of social facilities like as hospitals, shopping malls, colleges, coaching
centers, schools, banks and the population, near to the particular route. Geographical Infor-
mation System (GIS) technology is used for multimodal data modeling to design new more

* Saru Kumari
saryusiirohi@gmail.com

Pitam Singh
pitams@mnnit.ac.in
Ashish Kumar Singh
ashish9039850137@gmail.com
Priyamvada Singh
priyam028@yahoo.com
Arun Kumar Sangaiah
arunkumarsangaiah@gmail.com

1
Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad,
India
2
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
3
Department of Mathematics, C.C.S. University, Meerut, India
4
School of Computing Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
 Multimed Tools Appl

socially efficient routes for the existing roads of the city. DEAP Solver software is used for the
evaluation of efficiency and rank for social priority routes and route number 15 and 24 are
relative efficient route among the existing 24 routes. Finally, the social efficiency of existing
public bus transport routes and newly designed routes are compared. We suggested ways to
improve the performance of bus routes based on the social perspectives using multimodal data.

Keywords Transportation planning . Data envelopment analysis . GIS, social priority

Urban transport . Socially efficient route

1 Introduction

Multimodal data can be used to model the transportation network by combining the informa-
tion collected from the different sources. The needs of transportation facility are growing
exponentially in any city of the world. In Indian perspectives, the population of major cities in
India in recent years has been increased rapidly. A large segment of the population in cities are
dependent on the public bus transport system, which enables them access to the job, markets,
education, health services etc. and it becomes essential for survival. Public bus transportation is
facing serious challenges every year and execution of efficient bus route management is a
pressing issue for transportation authorities and operators [1]. Transport systems evolve to
meet the mobility need of the society [20]. Therefore, the routes can be ranked according to the
accessibility of social entities like as hospitals, shopping malls, educational institutes, banks,
and populations residing near to the particular. The efficiency of routes needs to be evaluated
on the basis of social priority. Many efforts [7, 8] have been made in this field in order to
provide a satisfactory solution to this problem. One of the most used methodologies is the Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that has been applied to a broad number of different situations
whereas the comparisons are required between two or more entities [17]. The efficiency of
transport network can be changed or improved according to needs of the society as per the
social aspects and the goal of public transports [9].
This research is based on the case study of Allahabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India. The aim of
the study is to suggest a scientific approach to evaluate the performance of a particular route
from the social perspective.
Methodologically, this approach is combined multimodal data of and geographical infor-
mation system (GIS) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a linear programming
based technique to evaluate the relative efficiencies of a system. GIS is a powerful digital
mapping tool that uses for the purpose of spatial analysis and designing new routes [12].
While, DEA used widely for the evaluation of the performance of transport systems with
different perspectives worldwide, but it has not much used from the social perspectives. But in
this research study and paper, social priority has used to fill these gaps by evaluating the
efficiency of bus routes based on social priority. This research mainly focuses on two
techniques. First is the measure of the efficiency of public bus transportation route DEA.
Second is to apply GIS for social priority based route planning [10].
Polus [18] developed a new concept for the efficiency evaluation of bus service and
performance of bus service is measured using DEA. Metthew [16] investigated two relation-
ships. The first is a relationship between the two basic dimensions of performance analysis
namely, performance and effectiveness and the second is the relationship between performance
and scale for economies. Sheth et al. [19] proposed a DEA model for the assessment of public
Multimed Tools Appl

transit network (PTS) by with the consideration of social perspective and service providers.
Lao and Liu [13] developed a hybrid model of DEA and GIS for the evaluation of the
performance of bus lines with a public transit system. Chen et al. [4] developed three types
of performance analysis parameters for the evaluation of reliability for bus service. The
reliability involved the stops, punctuality, deviation, routes, and evenness. Yu and Fan [21]
developed a DEA model using mixed structure network. For the operational effectiveness and
production efficiency of multimode transit firm, a unified framework is proposed and this
model is claimed that the proposed model is more realistic than the conventional model. Lin
et al. [15] developed DEA based model for bus scheduling is demonstrated on AVL (Auto-
matic Vehicle Location) data from Chicago, USA. Li et al. [14] proposed a DEA based
technique for the evaluation of bus route for the public transportation system. Literature review
reveals that there has been much research on the application of DEA on the performance
evaluation of bus routes.

1.1 Geographical information system (GIS)

Geographic Information System (GIS) is an information system that integrates software

elements, hardware elements, and data for analyzing, storing, capturing, and to display
geographically related (spatially related) information [11]. A GIS technique is especially used
to make a digital imprint of an area as a digital map with denoting physical features on that
map. This information system allows for understanding, querying and viewing the data in a
various ways that reveal thepattern and relationships in the form of charts, reports or maps. GIS
helps us to provide the answers of the questions related to the problems of geography-based
and the solution of the problem by looking at existing data in an instinctive and easily
distributed way. Here GIS is used to determine the efficient paths for public transportation
as per some spatial situation. The GIS technique for optimization of public transportation
system uses information on population density, Path origin and Destination point, road
network and the types of road, etc.

2 Data envelopment analysis (DEA)

DEA is a linear programming-based technique for evaluating the relative performance of a set
of production units also called decision-making units (DMUs) with input and output. The
DEA’s most widely used model in practice is the CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes) model
whichassumes constant returns to scale (CRS). DEA models can be categorized according to
whether they are output-oriented or input-oriented i.e. either maximizing output for the inputs
or minimizing inputs for the outputs [2]). These DEA techniquesare useful tools and it can
handle many input and output at the same time. The DEAmay be found wide application in the
areas such as education, finance, local public transport sector and in health sectors. In 1990s,
DEA started to be used in the study of public transport in combination with other techniques,
in order to compare outcomes.
For the purpose of performance analysis of any organization, the ratio of input parameters
to its output parameters which is called input / output ratio. This ratio can be used to measure
the efficiency of organization. The problem of evaluating the efficiency can be modeled as
fraction optimization problem. But, the evaluation procedure in DEA based on the linear
programming only for each of the units which are under evaluation. Suppose, xij, be the
 Multimed Tools Appl

observed magnitude of i-types input for entity j(xij > 0, i = 1, 2, 3 − − − m, j = 1, 2, 3 − − − n)

and yrj be the observed magnitude of r-types output for an entity j(yrj > 0, r = 1, 2, 3 − − − s,
j = 1, 2, 3 − − − n). Then, the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model [3] can be formulated for
the selected entity k as follows:

∑sr¼1 ur yrk
Max hk ¼ ; k ¼ 1; 2; …; p: ð1Þ
∑m i¼1 vi xik

Subject to,
s
∑ ur yrk
r¼1
m ≤1 ð2Þ
∑ vi xik
i¼1

ur ≥ε; r ¼ 1; 2; −−−s ð3Þ

vi ≥ ε; i ¼ 1; 2; −−−m ð4Þ

Where,

vi the weights to be determined for input i;

m the number of inputs;
ur the weights to be determined for output r;
s the number of outputs;
hk the relative efficiency of DMUk;
n the number of entities;
ε a small positive value.
The relative efficiency, hk of our decision-making unit (DMU), k is formulated by the ratio
of the weighted sums of their outputs (virtual output) and the weighted sums of their inputs
(virtual input). For the kth DMU, the max in the objective function is sought and the condition
(2) is obviously true for each DMUk. This means that the inequality 0 < hk ≤ 1 is hold for each
DMUk. The relative importance of each output and input are shown by ur and vi, respectively
and these weights are determined in the DEA model so that DMUk becomes efficient [6].
Since, the inequality [2] is hold for each DMU, this means that each of them lies either under
the efficiency frontier or beyond the efficiency frontier.
Suppose, max hk ¼ h*k ¼ 1, this shows that the DMUk is efficient as compared to the other
decision making units. So, we can say that efficiency is achieved by DMUk. Suppose, DMUk is
not efficient and the efficiency is not achieved for the case h*k ¼ 1, then DMUk can be
assumed to be inefficient in a relatively sense. To increase the efficiency of DMUk or make it
efficient, we can increase the output of DMUk without decreasing any of its inputs and without
decreasing any other output (output oriented). It may be the case to make DMUk to be efficient
that we have the possibilities to decrease any of its input without decreasing any output and
without increasing other inputs (input oriented). The process of DEA can be easily understood
by seeing the Fig. 1 where axis could be input and input or input and output.
Multimed Tools Appl

DMUs
8

5
Y Axis

2
Efficient
Frontier
1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X Axis

Fig. 1 Model representation of DEA technique

2.1 DEAP solver

In the year 2011, a computer program, called DEAP solver software was developed by
Professor Tim Coelli, Center for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (CEPA) Department,
University of Queensland. This software can be used for calculating the cost and technical
efficiencies. It is also used for calculating the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP)
indices. All methods are available either an output or an input orientation [5]. The DEAP
solver software has three main DEA options:

Fig. 2 Basic concept of the

multimodal data modelling
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Fig. 3 Flowchart of the methodology

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& Standard VRS and CRS DEA models which are used to calculate the scale and technical
efficiencies.
& Above models are extended for calculating the allocative and cost efficiencies.
& Malmquist DEA methods are applied to panel the data and for the calculation of indices of
TFP change: scale efficiency change; technical efficiency change and technological
efficiency change. Hence, DEAP solver can be used to evaluate the efficiency of public
transport bus routes for the study area.

Study Area

Fig. 4 Study area (source: census map of India)

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3 Methodology

The objective of the research is to assess the performance and designing of bus route using GIS
and DEA using multimodal GIS data. Here we had chosen the Allahabad city of Uttar Pradesh
(India) as a case study, area for performance assessment and designing of an urban transport
system. Here, GIS is used to create the digital map of Allahabad city with spatially related road
data, land-use-land-cover data, and population data etc. and also used for calculating the input
and output for DEA technique. The DEA technique is used for performance assessment as
efficiency of route arrangement for bus route of Allahabad city. After calculating the efficiency
of existing route of the city by using DEA, we found that some routes are efficient and some
are inefficient. But by use of a level, we assumed that if the efficiency is more than 70% then
that route is under efficient route and the efficient route does not need to be changed. Now
remaining inefficient route has to be changed or tweaked according to the social priority places
and try to convert them in an efficient route as much as possible for achieving the objective of
the research. The concept of the multimodal data modeling is shown below by Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 Road map of Allahabad City

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The main steps of the proposed methodology can be described in the following steps and
the flow chart is given in Fig. 3 as follows:

Step 1: Collection of multimodal GIS data.

Step 2: Digitization of maps.
Step 3: Analysis of multimodal GIS data.
Step 4: Efficiency assessment of existing bus routes.
Step 5: Designing of new routes.
Step 6: Efficiency assessment of new deigned routes.

4 Implementation of the proposed methodology: a case study

4.1 Study area

Allahabad city is a holy and oldest city of India and also known as a Prayag, or Bplace of
offerings^, situated in the northeast region of Uttar Pradesh of India. It lists on the 32 number
most densely inhabited cities in India. Allahabad town has a population of 1,042,229 as per the
2011 census and 975,393 as per 2001 census. In 2011 it was ranked the world’s 130th fastest-

Fig. 6 Existing bus route of Allahabad City

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Table 1 Efficiency of existing bus route of Allahabad City, UP (India)

Route Name Route SPPs Population Route

no. length (along arrangement
(Km) Route) efficiency (%)

1 Trivenipuram to HappyHome Via Civil Lines 22.71 120 136,285 55.50%

2 Shantipuram to Raymond Bus Stop 27.33 104 147,131 40.80%
3 Railway Station to Soran via Kachari 16.38 116 119,025 73.70%
4 Railway Station to Soran via Beli Road 15.4 108 124,371 73.70%
5 Railway Station to Bihar via Lalgopalganj 15.35 109 123,968 74.50%
6 Railway Station to CRPF Camp via Kachahari 21.81 111 123,875 53.30%
7 Railway Station to Shadhanganj via 16.63 110 123,850 69.40%
Shantipuram
8 Railway Station to Bahariya via Sikandra 20.4 104 128,884 53.90%
9 Railway Station to Bomapur via Phaphamau 20.4 104 128,878 53.90%
10 Railway Station to Bhita via Sisaesipah 39.68 101 158,365 28.10%
11 Railway Station to Nai Bazar via Kamala 30.34 181 217,754 62.90%
Nagar
12 Civil Lines Mau Aima 14.58 98 78,858 68.70%
13 Civil Lines to Dadupur via Bahariya 18.39 94 83,899 52.60%
14 Civil Lines to Dahiyawan via Soraon 13.13 87 78,620 68.30%
15 Govindpur to Meerapur via Railway Station 14.28 132 203,114 100.00%
16 Govindpur to IIIT via Kutchahri 21.3 127 145,574 62.60%
17 Daraganj to Bisouna via Kutchery 17.8 147 195,214 88.00%
18 Kutchery to Jasra via Civil Lines 33.19 178 199,588 56.20%
19 Kutchery to Kohdarghat via Karchana 20.6 101 130,557 52.10%
20 Civil Lines to Phoolpur via Sahson 11.33 57 54,497 52.10%
21 Civil Lines to Sahson via Phaphamau 15.28 92 83,905 62.10%
22 Railway Station to SarayAquil via Bamrauli 18.42 41 116,609 44.50%
23 Bairhana to Shankargarh via Gauhania 20.35 14 49,642 17.20%
24 Kutchery to CDA via Ashok Nagar 5.81 58 31,415 100.00%

growing city. Allahabad city in the year 2013 was ranked the third most livable city in the state
(after Noida and Lucknow) and twenty-ninth in the country. Allahabad has an area of nearby
65 km2 and is 98 m/340 ft. above sea level.

ROUTE ARRANGEMENT EFFICIENCY (%)

100%
90%
80%
70%
Efficiency (%)

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Bus Route Number

Fig. 7 Efficiency graph of existing bus route of Allahabad City, UP (India)

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To compensate the transport problem of large population, need a large transport network
with highest efficiency. Public transport like busses etc. are playing the major role to
compensate the problem. Buses operated by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
(UPSRTC) are an important means of public transport. The national highway 19 (old NH 2)
passes through the center of the city and national waterway, the longest waterway in India. In
Fig. 4 rectangular box show the boundary of the study area.

4.2 Multimodal GIS data collection

Here two type of data has been collected, first is social priority places like hospitals, banks, colleges,
school, malls, etc. in the whole Allahabad city of UP, India which iscollected by the survey using
handheld GPS device i.e. juno3B and second is map of Allahabad city with features like road, land
use land cover, bus route, population of area etc. We had used the google map as a reference for
creating a digital boundary map of Allahabad city, the digitize road data for Allahabad city had
accessed and downloaded from open street map’s website (http://extract.bbbike.org), ward map and
bus route data is collected from municipal corporation of Allahabad city and last the population data
for Allahabad city is accessed from Census of India website.

4.3 Generation of vector map by georeferencing and digitization of collected data

The collected data can’t be used as it is in the GIS-based mapping system. So first of all these
data has to be georeferenced and digitized by use of GIS software like ArcGIS or QGIS. For
collecting the raw data, we had used the google map as a reference and the road data had
accessed and downloaded from open street map’s website (Fig. 5).

Fig. 8 Efficient bus route map of Allahabad City

Table 2 Efficiency of tweaked bus route of Allahabad City, UP (India)

Route no. Name Bus route designed Designed route SPPs in designed Population Designed route
length (Km) route (along designed route) efficiency (%)

1 Trivenipuram to HappyHome Via Civil Lines Yes 23.682 140 147,209 61.60%
2 Shantipuram to Raymond Bus Stop Yes 31.324 159 199,869 53.80%
3 Railway Station to Soran via Kachari No 16.383 116 119,025 73.70%
4 Railway Station to Soran via Beli Road No 15.399 108 124,371 73.70%
5 Railway Station to Bihar via Lalgopalganj No 15.349 109 123,968 74.50%
6 Railway Station to CRPF Camp via Kachahari No Impact 21.811 111 123,875 53.30%
7 Railway Station to Shadhanganj via Shantipuram Yes 17.162 117 121,676 71.00%
8 Railway Station to Bahariya via Sikandra Yes 20.934 111 126,709 55.70%
9 Railway Station to Bomapur via Phaphamau Yes 20.926 112 126,654 56.10%
10 Railway Station to Bhita via Sisaesipah Yes 39.945 109 204,896 36.10%
11 Railway Station to Nai Bazar via Kamala Nagar Yes 27.203 180 212,041 69.70%
12 Civil Lines Mau Aima Yes 15.352 108 84,753 71.80%
13 Civil Lines to Dadupur via Bahariya Yes 19.147 102 89,804 54.80%
14 Civil Lines to Dahiyawan via Soraon Yes 13.912 99 84,274 73.00%
15 Govindpur to Meerapur via Railway Station No 14.276 132 203,114 100.00%
16 Govindpur to IIIT via Kutchahri Yes 21.068 151 145,594 74.20%
17 Daraganj to Bisouna via Kutchery No 17.792 147 195,214 88.00%
18 Kutchery to Jasra via Civil Lines Yes 33.446 190 250,923 60.40%
19 Kutchery to Kohdarghat via Karchana No Impact 20.602 101 130,557 52.10%
20 Civil Lines to Phoolpur via Sahson No Impact 11.332 57 54,497 52.10%
21 Civil Lines to Sahson via Phaphamau Yes 16.026 102 89,803 65.50%
22 Railway Station to SarayAquil via Bamrauli No Impact 18.419 41 116,609 44.50%
23 Bairhana to Shankargarh via Sauhania No Impact 20.351 14 49,642 17.10%
24 Kutchery to CDA via Ashok Nagar No 5.81 58 31,415 100.00%
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DESIGNED BUS ROUTE EFFICIENCY (%)

100%
90%
80%
70%
Efficiency (%)

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Bus Route Number

Fig. 9 Efficiency graph of tweaked bus route of Allahabad City, UP (India)

4.4 Optimization of route and analysis

After the digitization process on collected data, we get a bunch of spatial data. On that huge data, some
can be important, some can’t be importantand some need tobe extractedfromthemtobeingimportant.
So we have to analyse whole data. So, first of all, we have to count the social priority places and
population along the bus route. For calculating that social priority points, we had used buffer tool of

Table 3 Comparison of bus route efficiency of Allahabad City, UP (India)

Route no. Name Designed Route arrangement Designed route

bus route efficiency (%) efficiency (%)

1 Trivenipuram to HappyHome Via Civil Lines Yes 55.50% 61.60%

2 Shantipuram to Raymond Bus Stop Yes 40.80% 53.80%
3 Railway Station to Soran via Kachari No 73.70% 73.70%
4 Railway Station to Soran via Beli Road No 73.70% 73.70%
5 Railway Station to Bihar via Lalgopalganj No 74.50% 74.50%
6 Railway Station to CRPF Camp via Kachahari No Impact 53.30% 53.30%
7 Railway Station to Shadhanganj via Shantipuram Yes 69.40% 71.00%
8 Railway Station to Bahariya via Sikandra Yes 53.90% 55.70%
9 Railway Station to Bomapur via Phaphamau Yes 53.90% 56.10%
10 Railway Station to Bhita via Sisaesipah Yes 28.10% 36.10%
11 Railway Station to Nai Bazar via Kamala Nagar Yes 62.90% 69.70%
12 Civil Lines Mau Aima Yes 68.70% 71.80%
13 Civil Lines to Dadupur via Bahariya Yes 52.60% 54.80%
14 Civil Lines to Dahiyawan via Soraon Yes 68.30% 73.00%
15 Govindpur to Meerapur via Railway Station No 100.00% 100.00%
16 Govindpur to IIIT via Kutchahri Yes 62.60% 74.20%
17 Daraganj to Bisouna via Kutchery No 88.00% 88.00%
18 Kutchery to Jasra via Civil Lines Yes 56.20% 60.40%
19 Kutchery to Kohdarghat via Karchana No Impact 52.10% 52.10%
20 Civil Lines to Phoolpur via Sahson No Impact 52.10% 52.10%
21 Civil Lines to Sahson via Phaphamau Yes 62.10% 65.50%
22 Railway Station to SarayAquil via Bamrauli No Impact 44.50% 44.50%
23 Bairhana to Shankargarh via Gauhania No Impact 17.20% 17.10%
24 Kutchery to CDA via Ashok Nagar No 100.00% 100.00%
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Fig. 10 Comparison of bus routes of Allahabad City

ArcGIS with 500 m distance on a bus route (Fig. 6) and after that join tool of ArcGIS on the bus route
with social priority points. For adding population on that layer we had used dissolve tool of ArcGIS.

4.5 Assessment of routes

Now after analyzing the multimodal spatial data on ArcGIS, we get our input and output constraint
for DEAP. So, here for efficiency calculation DEAP V2.1software is used. The parameters used for
DEAP to evaluate the efficiency of a bus route weresocial priority points, population along the route
and route length (km). Where social priority points and population along the bus route is taken as
output and bus route length (km) is taken as input. Also regarding the social importance, an area with
a radius of 500 m from target bus route was defined as a route’s sphere of influence. So, within that

BUS ROUTE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

100%
90%
80%
70%
Efficiency (%)

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Bus Route Number

Route Arrangement Efficiency (%) Designed Route Efficiency (%)

Fig. 11 Comparison of bus route performance of Allahabad City, UP (India)

Multimed Tools Appl

route’s sphere of influence social priority points or places has counted. After completing the process,
the bus route arrangement efficiency has calculated for Allahabad City, UP (India) that is shown
below with graph Fig. 7.
Table 1 and Fig. 7 clearly showing that the route 15 and 24 has highest efficiency and route
10 and 23 has the lowest efficiency as per available data. So that means routes 15 and 24 are
efficient and other routes are inefficient.

4.6 Designing of new routes

From Table 1 we have chosen that which route has more than 70% efficiency is no need to
change because they are an efficient route as per current conditions. But another route which
has less than 70% efficiency has to change or slightly tweaked, thereby increasing the
efficiency of the route taken (Fig. 8).
In Table 2 some bus route has BNo Impact^ tag, that means if we change or slightly tweak the
route has no serious impact on route performance. It means the route efficiency will be approx-
imately same or going to be decreased, so further action has not taken on that bus routes (Fig. 9).

5 Results

After designing the new route, all analysis process has to be done again on the new
route and then we observed that the efficiency of that route has increased. The final
result for performance assessment of the bus route of Allahabad city by DEA is
shown in Table 3 (Fig. 10).
From Table 3 and Fig. 11, we can compare the change of performance of bus
routes of Allahabad city, UP (India). When analyzing Fig. 11 then we can easily say
that the efficiency of bus route of Allahabad city has been increased as based on the
social priority of the city.

6 Conclusion

In this article, a multimodal GIS data based methodology for the performance assessment and to
improve the efficiency of urban busroute transportationsystems is developed. The proposed meth-
odology is implemented as a case study for providing a satisfactory solution to the problem of
making efficiency comparisons across bus routes of Allahabad city of UP (India). After assessing the
existing 24 bus routes, we proposed a new bus route transportation system is based on social priority
using GIS and DEA which is more efficient than existing system. As a result of research work, bus
routes that have low efficiency were tried to change the routes of buses to make it efficient route but
after new designing, we had seen that they were not increased as more as we expected but had
improved from previous one. The comparison between the efficiency of existing bus route and new
deigned bus route is shown in Fig. 11. Hence, the proposed methodology may be useful for
developing a bus route transportation network for city using multimodal GIS data and social priority.

Acknowledgements This research work is supported financially by Indian Council of Social Science Research
(ICSSR), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, through sanctionorder no. F.No. 02/
234/SC/2015-16/RPR.
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Multimed Tools Appl

Dr. Pitam Singh received his M.Sc. (Mathematics) & M.Phil. (Mathematics) from Department of Mathematics,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Campus, Meerut, UP, India. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of
Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India. Currently, he is an Associate
Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India.
He has published more than 20 International Journals of Repute. His research interest includes Optimization
theory, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, GIS and Remote Sensing and its Applications.

Mr. Ashish Kumar Singh received his M.Tech. in GIS and Remote Sensing from Motilal Nehru National
Institute of Technology Allahabad, India. His research interest includes GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in
Transportation.
 Multimed Tools Appl

Dr. Priyamvada Singh received her M.Tech. in Applied Geophysics from IIT Roorkee. She received her Ph.D.
from the University of Allahabad. She is Assistant Professor in Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India. Her Research Interest includes Remote Sensing Applications and
Seismology.

Dr. Saru Kumari is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Mathematics, Ch. Charan Singh
University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. She received her Ph.D. degree in Mathematics in 2012 from CCS
University, Meerut, UP, India. She has published more than 115 research papers in reputed International journals
and conferences, including 97 publications in SCI-Indexed Journals. She is on the Editorial Board of KSII
Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (SCI-E), published from Taiwan. She is also serving as
Associate Editor on Security and Privacy, Wiley. She served as Guest Editor of the Special Issue BBig-data and
IoT in e-Healthcare^ for Computers and Electrical Engineering, Elsevier (SCI-E), Elsevier. She is Technical
Program Committee Member for more than a dozen of International conferences. She is a reviewer of more than
a dozen of reputed Journals including SCI-Indexed Journals of IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley etc. Her current
research interests include information security, user authentication, security of wireless sensor networks, and
applied mathematics.
Multimed Tools Appl

Dr. Arun Kumar Sangaiah received his Ph.D from VIT University and Master of Engineering from Anna
University, in 2007 and 2014, respectively. He is currently Associate Professor at School of Computing Science
and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India. He was a visiting professor at School of computer engineering at
Nanhai Dongruan Information Technology Institute in China (September. 2016-Jan. 2017). He has published
more than 130 scientific papers in high standard SCI journals like IEEE-TII, IEEE-Communication Magazine,
IEEE systems, IEEE-IoT, IEEE TSC, IEEE ETC and etc. In addition he has authored/edited over 8 books
(Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor and Francis) and 50 journal special issues such as IEEE-Communication
Magazine, IEEE-IoT, IEEE consumer electronic magazine etc. His area of interest includes software engineering,
computational intelligence, wireless networks, bio-informatics, and embedded systems. Also, he was registered a
one Indian patent in the area of Computational Intelligence. Besides, Prof. Sangaiah is responsible for Editorial
Board Member/Associate Editor of various international SCI journals.