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1.25
Clear Span(End Vent) = 10.769 m
2.350
Considered Bearing Plate
1.1
Bearign Plate dimension Across T-Girder = 0.450 m
Bearign Plate dimension Along T-Girder = 0.400 m 1 3.100 1
Overhang of Girder beyond Bearing Plate = 0.100 m
C/C Dist between Of Bearings along T-Girder(End Vent) = 11.669 m
C/C dist bet. Of Bearings along T-Girder(Intermidiate vent), = 11.369 m
C/C dist bet. Of Bearings across T-Girder = 3.100 m
Width of Long Girder = 0.450 m
Clear distance between Girder = 2.650 m
Outer/Outer Distance of Cross Section = 5.100 m
Scour Depth Calculation for determining the depth of foundation from Canal Bed Level [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998]
Discharge Q = 2353 cusecs
Overall Waterway W = 34.746 m
Number of Pier n = 2
Thickness of pier t = 1.220 m [As per Cl. 710.8.5, IRC:78-2014]
Clear Waterway w=W-(n*t) = 32.306 m
Discharge per unit width q=Q/w = 2.064 cumec/m
Silt factor (for Medium Silt Soil) f = 0.85 [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998]
Normal Scour Depth from water level Dm = 2.293 m [As per Cl. 110.1.3, IRC:5-1998]
Full Supply Depth FSD = 2.373 m
Scour Depth from Bed Level = -0.080 m
Foundation Level (Top of Pile Cap ) = 140.696 m The Top of Pile Cap or the Bottom of Pier Kept 0.45 M below Bed
3.1 m
As per Cl. 22.2 (b) (1) of IS 456 : 2000 the efeective Span of the Slab = Clear Span
Clear span = 2.650 m
Dispersion along span
x= 0.650 m
L'/L = 3.667 Hence K = 2.6
0.975 m
0.20
2.65 m
Impact Factor 4.5/(6+L) = 0.259 b
= w
DLBM = = 0.639 t-m/m s s
Fixed End Moments WS/12L*(3L^2-3(b+S)^2 - S^2) L
1.225
L = 2.65 0.225
S = 0.975
0.225
b = 0.7
W = 3.402
FEM = 1.220
LLBM = 0.438 Tm/m
DLBM = = 0.511 Tm/m 80% considering fixity
LLBM including Impact = 0.552 tm/m
LL @ 500 Kg /sqm in rest part of deck beyond 2.3 m as per 204.3 of IRC 6 : 2014
500 kg/sqm
0.175 0.175
2.3
( But in above Condition it is not coming into the picture )
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB-at Central Span
Moment along Shorter Direction due to Dead Load = 0.511 T-m
Moment along Shorter Direction due to Live Load = 0.438 T-m
Impact Factor = 0.259
Moment along Shorter Direction,M = 1.062 T-m
Grade of Concrete = M35
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe-500
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of Reinforcement = 16 mm
scbc = 11.670 N/mm2
sst = 240 N/mm2
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc = 8.00
K = scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280
J,lever arm factor = 0.907
R,resisting Moment Factor = 1.481 N/mm2
Effective Depth required = 84.691 mm
Over all Depth required = 132.691 mm
Effective Depth calculated = 177 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement(Primary Bar)
Area of Steel Required,M/(j x d x sst) = 275.860 mm2
Spacing Required of 16 Tor Dia = 728.854 mm C/C
16mm Tor Spacing Provided = 200 mm C/C
Steel Provided = 1004.800 sqmm
Percentage of steel provided = 0.568
Calculation of Reinforcement(Secondary bar)
Diameter of Reinforcement(Secondary) = 12 mm
Moment along Longer Direction according to clause 305.19-IRC-21 = 0.234 T-m
Area of Steel Required,M/(j x d x sst) = 60.653 mm2
Spacing Required of 12 Tor Dia = 1865 mm C/C
12mm Tor Spacing Provided = 250 mm C/C
DESIGN OF GIRDER
Over all Depth of Girder provided = 1.100 m
Clear Cover = 0.040 m
Centroid Dist. of Reinforcement Layer from Bottom of Web = 0.115 m
( considering 25 mm rod and spacer
Effective Depth of the T-girder = 0.986 m (1.1-0.1145)
225 mm
1.10 m
450 mm
11.669 m
Since the span is 11.669 m effective and since the absolutely maximum BM occurs near the center of the Girder we find that the loads 2.7t,2.7t, 11.4t, 11.4t and 6.8 t alone will be on the
Reaction Factor
W = half of axle load 1.80 m
W W
Ra = W+W*1.3/1.8
3.1/1.8 W =1.722W
Rb = 0.278W
A B
3.10m
Hence actual loads on Girder A = 2.3247 t from 2.7 t
9.8154 t from 11.4 t
5.8548 t from 6.8 t
CG of the actual load system and RHS heavier Load are arranged equidistant to causes maximum moment in the Girder
below the maximum load on the right. - one consideration
To find the CG of the above five loads x from 5.855 t load
2.325 t 2.325 9.816 9.816 5.855
Rb = 14.659 t
Ra = 15.478 t
LLBM = 57.943 tm
CASE -1
CASE - II
Placing the center of Two Heavier Loads equidistant from center of Girder.
Rb = 15.794 t
Moment at point below the heaviest load on RHS = = 57.493 t-m
Hence Case -I Prevails.
Impact Factor = = 0.255
Hence LLBM = = 72.700 tm
Live Load Shear Force
A 11.669 B
Ra = 23.392 t
Considering I.F. the LL SF = 29.350 t
Total Bending Moment = 133.832 T-m
Total Shear Force = 50.306 T
Design of L-Beam
Basic Input
Grade of Concrete = M35
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
Clear cover = 40 mm Ref Cl 304.3.1-IRC-21:2000
Design parameter
2
scbc = 11.670 N/mm Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 9
2
sst = 240 N/mm Ref IRC 21:2000,Table 10
Modulur ratio,m=280/3scbc = 8
K,scbc/(scbc+sst/m) = 0.280
Balanced Depth = 0.276 m
SECTION PROPERTIES
Over All Depth of Girder,D = 1.100 m
Length of Girder,Leff = 11.669 m
Thickness of Deck Slab,Df = 0.225 m
Width of Web,bw = 0.450 m
Depth of Web,Dw = 0.875 m
Width of Flange;Leff/10+bw = 1.617 m
C/C distance of Girder = 3.100 m
beff = 1.617 m
Effective Depth,deff = 986 mm
Reinforcent Provided in Web(Tension layer)
Reinforcent in 1st layer,tgr1 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor = 2454 mm2
Reinforcent in 2nd layer,tgr2 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor = 2454 mm2
Reinforcent in 3rd layer,tgr3 5 nos 25 mm Dia Tor = 2454 mm2
Total area of reinforcement = 7363 mm2
Reinforcent Provided in Flange(Compression layer)
2
Reinforcement in Top layer,tgr4 5 nos 20 mm Dia Tor = 1571 mm beff
Distance from Top compression Flange to Neutral Axis assumed "n"
ds
Case-1: Neutral Axis is assumed within Flange NA within flange
Taking Moments of the areas about the Neutral Axis n
NA below flange
beff .n2/2 +(1.5m-1)Asc.(n-40) = mAst.(d-n)
d
beff = 1617 mm
m = 8
Asc = 1571 mm2
bw
Ast = 7363 mm2
deff =d = 986 mm
ds = 225 mm
bw = 450 mm
say n = 226.450 mm
LHS = 44676761
RHS = 44698965
Equating we get the value of Neutral axis,n = 226.500 mm > 225 mm
scbc c
64.5 mm c'
226.5 mm 225mm
c"
985.5 mm
759.0 mm
sst/m
2
Average stress acting on the Concrete in Deck Slab = (c+c')/2 = 4.507 N/mm
CG of the Trapezoidal Section x = ds/2 - ds2/6(2n - ds) X
Here, Line of CG
n = 226.5 mm n ds
ds = 225 mm NA
Hence CG lies at X from the Top line = 75.493 mm
Moment of Resistance of the Balanced Section of T- Beam in Flange Part = 149.214 t-m
Moment of Resistance of the L Beam in Web part = 0.000 Negligible
Moment vof Resistance Imparts by the Compression Steel = (m-1).Ac. Lever Arm
Ac = 1571 mm2
Lever Arm = 921 mm
Moment of Resistance Imparts by the Compression Steel M2 = 6.484 tm
Hence Total Moment of Resistance = = 155.698 tm > > 133.832 tm, hence O.K.
Tensile Steel
2
Ast 1 = 6309 mm
Ast 2 = 293 mm2
Ast = 6602 mm2
Area Provided = 7363 mm2 O.K.
CHECK for SHEAR FORCE
SF = 50.306 t
Shear Stress = 1.134 N/mm2
Percentage of Tensile Steel = 1.660 %
Permissible stress = 0.510 N/mm2
Additional Shear Reinforcement shall be necessary.
Shear reinforcement shall carry a shear equal to Vs
Vs -= SF - permissible shear stress * bd = 27.689 t
Providing 12 mm dia 4 legged Vertical Stirrups,
Vs = Sst *Asv*d / Sv Asv = Total Cross sectional area in vertcal stirrups
Sv = Spacing of the Stirrups
Sst = Permissible tensile stress in steel
Sv = = 386.237 mm
Spacing Provided 200 C/C
Hence 4 legged 12 mm dia rod 200 C/C to 300 C/C
CROSS GIRDER
1.80
A 3.10 B
Assumed
D = 400 mm
B = 300 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia of Main rod = 16 mm
Stirrups = 8 mm
effective Depth = 344 mm
Scbc = 11.670 N/mm2
Sst = 240 N/mm2
m = 8
k = 0.280 mm
kd = 96.320 mm
j = 0.907 mm
R = 1.481 N/mm2
Dead Load = 0.3 t/m
DLBM = 0.360 t-m
DLSF = 0.465 t
Live Load Analysis
Wheels of the heaviest loads 11.4 /2 t are kept on it.
Ra = 5.7 t
LL Mumax = 3.705 tm
LLmax including Impact = 4.665 t-m
LL SF including impact = 7.177 t
Total Moment = 5.025 t -m
Total SF = 7.642 t
Though it will behave as an L beam and more strength than a Rectangular Beam
but we check its efficiency as a Rectangular Beam.
Required effective depth = 336.277
Overall Depth required = 392.277 < than 400 mm , O.K.
Effective depth provided = 344 mm > than 336.277 mm , O.K.
2
Requirement of Steel for Tension = 671.342 mm
Provide 4 nos 16 mmØ T rod both Top and Bottom.
20 0.61
610
0.3
0.45m
100
300 450
T-Girder
3.55m
T-Girder
Plate Bearing
400
4150
Pier T-Girder
0.3
0.61
300 450
Detail of Pier with Support Details in ELEVATION
1.22m
610
Top of Pier 144.395
Top of Pier 144.395 Canal Flow
FSL 143.519
FSL 143.519m
1.22
2210
3699
X
141.146
CBL
CBL 141.146m
750
Top of Pile Cap 140.696 m
450
1220
Bridge
5.10
Load Analysis
DEAD LOAD
2.7t 2.7t 20 mm
1.1m 11.4t 11.4t 6.8t 6.8t
CASE -1
2.869m
1.1m 3.2m 1.2m 4.3 3m 3m ###########
Case -2
Load on Pier from Right = 14.992 t
Load on Pier from left = 15.019 t
Total Load = 30.011 t
Live Load Impact Factor 4.5/(6+L) = = 0.259 t
Total Live Load in Case -2 considering Impact = 37.786 t
=
Unmbalanced Load about Minor Axis ( Perpendicular to Flow ) of Pier = 0.027 t
Case - 1
Load on Pier from Right side = 26.823 t
Load on Pier from Left side = 3.913 t
FRICTIONAL FORCE
Co-efficient of Friction, µ = 0.4 (IRC 6:2010, CL. 211.5.1.)
As per Cl. 211.5.1.2, the span becoming less than
Cl. 10 m andofno
211.5.1 bearing
IRC is to exist except bituminous Kraft paper then the horizontal force will be
^-2010
greater of,
µRq = µ x Unbalanced Dead Load transferred to Bearing level.
But µRq will be equal for both side of equal span and hence it will be zero.
µRg = µ x Unbalanced Live Load transferred to Bearing level.
µ x LL Reaction Un balanced = 9.164 T CL. 211.5.1.1 ,IRC-6 :2010
Frictional Resistance offered to the movement of Free Bearings due to change of Temparature
or anyother case.
Hence the Applied horizontal load 9.164 t
2.373 m
141.146 m (CBL)
292.425 kg/m2
2.373 m
141.146 m (CBL)
Total force perpendicular to the flow (Perp. To Major Axis Y-Y) 433 kg
As per Cl. 210.6, this should be compared with the static force created due to generation of a differential head
of 250 mm between two sides of pier.
143.519 m (FSL)
250 mm
2.373 m
141.146 m (CBL) 2.123 m
Wind Force:
Considering No Water Condition-
11.969 m
1.225 m
1.2
2.3
1.1
0.45
0.45 0.45
Due to this Horizontal Force there will be a Push Pull Effect to cause Pressure and equal amount of Tension in Pier
The quantum of this force will be = C.G. of Force *Distance from Bearing / center to center distance of girders
Hence te quantum of Push & Pull = 943.5 kg in each pier.
WL on LL Component-
As per previous, tranverse WL, FT Pz x A T x G x C D
Gust Factor, G 2
Drag co-efficient, CD 1.2 (As per Clause 209.3.6, IRC:6-2010)
Transverse wind force acting at Bearing Level X-X 3696 kg 463.7x33.214x2x1.2)/10
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap 3.699 m -++m+0+1.5
Longitudinal wind force acting at Bearing Level 924 kg working 1.5 m from road level
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap 3.699 m
WL on Pier- 144.395 m
4.150 m
No Water Condition (PIER TOP)
1.22 m
Direction of Wind
For above wind direction, b= 1.22 m (CBL)
d= 4.15 m
Transverse wind force in this condition, FT Pz*At*G*Cd = 5032 kg (will be same as previous condition)
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 3.699 m
WL on LL Component-
Transverse wind force on LL, FT = 3696 kg (will be same as previous condition)
Point of Application from Bed Level = 3.699 m
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 3.699 m
WL on Pier- 144.395 m
d= 4.150 m
(PIER TOP)
Direction b= 1.22 m
(FSL)
Ratio of length & width, d/b = 3.402 < 4
Ratio of height & width, h/b = 0.700
Therefore, drag co-efficient, CD = 0.800 (As per Table 5, IRC:6-2010)
But as per Notes under Table 5, in case of Rectangular Pier with rounded corners above value of Cd shall be multiplied
by factor, greater of (1-1.5r/b) = 0.250
Actual Drag Coefficient = & 0.500
Therefore,revised darg co-efficient, CD = 0.400
Hence,wind force acting on pier Ft = = 40 kg
Point of Application from Top of Pile Cap = 3.261 m
1220
610
16 Ø 200 C/C
4150
Y
610
X(+)
0.95 3.600 0.95
0.95
4 1
3.6
Y(-) Y(+)
5 2
3.6
3.6
6 3
0.95
5.500
X(-)
Punching Area
1.200 mm dia
3600 Abutmt
1.22m thick
9100mm
1190
Overhang of Girder = 0.1m
3600
1.22m
950 Width of Bearing = 0.4m
WIND FORCE
Wind Force from Live Load and Superstructure are not being considered on Abutment parallel to the flow direction
as there though that will cause bending of Abutment about its Transverse Axis but that will be resisted by Passive
1.2m
0.799 t/m2)
H2
H3 CBL
1m
1m
1 t/m2
(Pressure due to GWT if any in undrained condition)
9.1 m
At Compression Zone ( Canal Side ) Y Y
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 200 mm c/c
2
Asc = 14137 mm
At Tension Zone ( Country Side)
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 100 mm c/c
Asc = 28274 mm2
Area of Reinforced Provided = 42412 mm2 X
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
Grade of Concrete = M35
Clear cover = 50 mm
Modulur Ratio = 8.00
Height = 4.598m
Slenderness about X-X = 3.769 < 12,Hence not Slender
Slenderness about Y-Y = 0.505 < 12,Hence not Slender
Permissible Direct Compressive stress,scc = 8.750 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Permissible Bending Compressive stress,scbc = 11.670 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Bending Compressive & Tensile stress(Steel),sst = 240.000 Mpa
Equivalent Area -Ae, = (Ac+1.5xmAsc) = 11568381 mm2
Equivalent Moment of Inertia about X-X,(IeX-X = 1466795103513 mm4 1/12bD3+(m-1)Asc(D/4)^2
Equivalent Moment of Inertia = 78149092249568 mm4 1/12Db3+(mc-1)Asc(b/2-cc)2
about Y-Y,IeY-Y
scc' = 0.163 N/mm2 188.2X10^4/(11568381.14)
scbc' x-x = 1.274 N/mm2 (306.3X10^7/1466795103513)x610
scbc' y-y = 0.000 N/mm2 0X10^7/78149092249568
scc'/scc+scbc/scbc' = 0.128 (0.163/8.75+1.274/11.67+0/11.67)
X
Y
b= 9.1
At Compression Zone
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 200 mm c/c
At Tensile Zone
Dia provided = 20 mm
Spacing provided = 100 mm c/c
Ast = 28274 mm2 dc b c'
clear cover = 50 mm Asc
Eccentricity e = = 1627 mm
D= = 1220.0 mm D/2 n
D/4 < e < 3*D/2 D
Hence it is a case of compressive force at moderate intensity. d
Referring to the stress diagram, let's consider c' is the compressive D/2
stress in concrete. dt
Then from the above stress diagram it is clear that
the compressive stress at steel , tc = mc*c'/n*(n- dc) =1.5m*c'/n*(n-dc) Ast
Eqn --(1)
Tensile stress at steel t= m*c'/n*(D -dt -n) dc = dt = 60
As the section is balanced , there can not be unresolved force , hence the algebraic
summation of Internal Compressive force and Tensile shall be equal to the external force P
5.5 m
9.1 m
X 2.14 m X
1.2 m
2.14 m
Abutment
5.5 m
Pile
Backfil material
4.598 m
Overhang
of Girder =
1.22m 0.1m
2.8m 2.14 2.14 m 2.250 m
1.8 m X
2.8 t/sqm 5.5 m 13.5 t/sqm 1.22m
1 m standing Width of Bearing = 0.4m
water above slab
Distance of C/L of Bearing from end of Wall = 0.62 m
Distance of C/L of Bearing from C/L of Abutt = 0.01m
Projection of Girderbeyond C/L of Bearing = 0.3m
Details of Abutment Top
0.95
P4 P1
3.6
Y(-) P5 P2
9.1 Y(+)
1.22
3.6
P6 P3
0.95
5.5
X(-)
1.20 mm dia
Active earth pressure,F1 = 9.399 T Seepage Pressure from back not considered
Live Load Surcharge,F2 = 4.140 T as weep holes with backing by designed
Sliding Force,F1+F2 = 13.363 T Filters are being provided.
Moment due to F1 ( about Pt X ) = 21.506 T-m
Moment due to F2 = 11.279 T-m
Overturning Moment About Point X = 32.118 T-m
Distances Moment
Items Forces,(T)
from Point X about "Heel"
W1 1.7 X( 5.448 - 0.5)X1.9 = 15.982 t 3.125 49.944
W2 0.5X(5.448-0.5)X(0.575-0.3)X1.9 = 1.293 2.183 2.822
W3 0.3 X (5.448-0.5)X2.5 = 3.711 1.850 6.865
W4 0.5 X 0.275X(5.448-0.5)X2.5 = 1.701 2.092 3.558
W5 3.975 X 0.5 X 2.5 = 4.969 1.988 9.875
W6 1.7 X (1-0.5)*1.9 = 1.615 0.850 1.373
W7 1.2 X (1.7+0.275)X1.9 = 4.503 2.988 13.453
= 33.773 87.890
Stabilizing Force against Sliding due to Passive Resistance = 2.85 t
Stabilizing Moment against Overturning at Pt. X due to Passive Resistance = 0.95 t-m
Net Stabilizing Moment against Overturning at Point X = 56.722
Distances of Resultant forces from X = 1.679 m
Ecentricity of the resultant Force from Center of Base = 0.308 m towards canal
This is producing an Anti Clock Wise moment of = 10.402 t-m
Factor of safety against overturning = 2.766 >1.4,Hence ok
Sliding Force = 13.363 T
Passive Pressure against sliding = 2.850 T
Resisting force against Sliding 0.45x33.773 = 15.198 T
Net Force towards Sliding = = 10.513 t
Factor of safety against sliding = 1.446 > than 1.4 hence O.K.
Stresses on SOIL below Foundation
Resultant vertical force = 33.77 t
Resultant Moment about center of Base = 10.402 t-m
Base area of Foundation per meter length = 3.975 sqm
Moment of Inertia about the central axis = 5.234 m4
Maximum Compressivde Stress = 12.447 t/m2
Minimum Compressive Stress = 4.546 t/m2
Toe d d
Heel
Design of Toe
Cantilever Length of Toe = 1.700 m
Bending Moment (9.068-0.95-0.5)X1.7X1.7/2+ 0.5X(12.447 - 9.068)X1.7X1.7X2/3 13.179 t-m/m
Basic Input
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
Grade of Concrete = M25
Clear cover = 75
Dia of Reinforcement = 16 mm
Permissible bending compreesive stress,scbc = 8.33 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Permissible stress,sst = 240 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Modular ratio, m(280/3scbc) = 11.204
Constant for critical depth of N.A., k = 0.280
Lever arm factor, j = 0.91
Moment resistance factor, R = 1.057 N/mm2
Effective depth required,deff = 353 mm SQRT(0x10^7/(1.06x1000))
Required overall depth,D = 436 mm
Provided Depth = 500 mm Hence OK
Provided effective Depth = 415 mm
Required Steel = 1459 mm2 (0x10^7/(0.91x415x240))
provide 16 tor = 100 mm C/C
Provided area of Reinforcement = 2011 mm2 OK
Design for Shear(One way check )
Stress at d away from Wall = 9.893 t/m2 (9.068 +((12.447-9.068)/1.7)Xd)
Shear force "d" distance away from Stem = 11.526 t
Shear stress = 0.278 N/mm2
Pt provioded = 0.484 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.310 N/mm2 Hence O.K.
Design of Heel
Cantilever Length of heel = 1.700 m
Bending Moment
Clock Wise BM = 15.391 t-m
Anti Clock Moment = 8.197 t-m
Net Clock wise moment to cause tension at top = 7.194 t-m
Basic Input
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe500
Grade of Concrete = M25
Clear cover = 50
Dia of Reinforcement = 12 mm
Permissible bending compreesive stress,scbc = 8.33 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Permissible stress,sst = 240 Mpa Ref Cl. 303.1 Table:9,IRC:21
Modular ratio, m = 11.204
Constant for critical depth of N.A., k = 0.280
Lever arm factor, j = 0.907
Moment resistance factor, R = 1.057 N/mm2
Effective depth required,deff = 260.844 mm
Required overall depth,D = 317 mm
Provided Depth = 500 mm Hence OK
Provided effective Depth = 440 mm
Required Steel = 751.397 mm2
Provided Steel of 12 Tor = 100 mm C/C
Provided area of Reinforcement = 1131 mm2 OK
Design of Stem
LL Surcharge 1.2 m Ht
0.76 t/m2
4.948 m
CBL
Passive earth pressure
1.5 m
1.484 t/m2 0.760 t/m2