Designing Steel Structures For Deflection - TRNC03044

Practice Workbook
This workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand selfstudy.
The explanations and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand
eLectures of this course available on the Bentley LEARN Server (learn.bentley.com).
This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader.
It is also available as a PDF document in the dataset for this course.
Designing Steel Structures for

Deflection
This workbook contains exercises to practice designing steel structures to satisfy both strength and deflection
requirements.
TRNC03044-1/0001
DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted

Section 1: Prepare the Model for Analysis
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to generate the strength and deflection load combinations in STAAD.Pro.
Skills Taught
 Generating Load Combinations
 Creating Load Envelopes
Copyright © 2017 Bentley Systems, Incorporated DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted 2
Open a STAAD.Pro Model
In this exercise, you will learn how to select the license configuration and open a STAAD.Pro model.
1. Open Steel_Design.std in STAAD.Pro in the CONNECT Edition Analytical Modeler.
Before you begin the design process, take a

few moments to review the dataset model that
was supplied with this course, including the
following:
 Properties: Notice that this model

contains wide flange sections,
rectangular HSS sections, steel angles,
steel rods and steel plates.
 Analysis: For this model, we will be

performing a P-Delta analysis which
includes P- and P- effects.
2. Keep this model open for the next exercise.
Generate the Load Combinations
In this exercise, you will learn how to generate load combinations to prepare the model to design the steel members considering both
the strength design checks and deflection requirements. In STAAD.Pro, load combinations can be generated according to one of the
following methods:
 Traditional Load Combinations: A traditional load combination is a set of load results which are combined algebraically to produce
a superimposed set of results for post-processing.
 Repeat Load Cases: A repeat load is a primary load case that can be used to combine other primary load cases. This is different
than a load combination since it is able to obtain the results of more than one load case acting in tandem. If the analysis of the
model involves non-linear situations (e.g. tension or compression only members, p-delta analysis, or multi-linear spring supports),
you will have to specify repeat load cases instead of load combinations.
1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Workflow Page Control, click on the Loading page.
3. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the Load Cases Details section. Then, click Add...
4. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, highlight the Auto Load Combination item and enter the following parameters:
 Select Load Combination Code: AISC
 Select Load Combination Category: PUBLIC Notice that the AISC Public load combination table
generates LRFD load combinations. When we
 Create Repeat Load Cases: (checked) specify the steel design parameters, we will be
sure to specify the LRFD method.
 Include Notional Load?: (unchecked)
HINT: In the menu bar, click
Then, click the Generate Loads button and then click Add. Commands > Loading > Edit Auto Load Rules
to review the load combination tables that are
provided with STAAD.Pro.
5. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, highlight the Auto Load Combination item and enter the following parameters:
 Select Load Combination Code: IBC
 Select Load Combination Category: Table7ASD241
 Create Repeat Load Cases: (checked)
 Include Notional Load?: (unchecked)
Then, click the Generate Loads button and then click Add.
6. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, click on the Close button.
7. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.
Create the Load Envelopes
In this exercise, you will learn how to create the load envelopes that will be used to design the steel structure and check the deflection.
 Load Envelope: A load envelope if a group of load cases set under a single moniker.
For this course, we will be designing the steel structure according to the AISC 360 LRFD specification. To also check the structure for
deflection, it will be necessary to create two load envelopes, one for the design of the steel members and one for the deflection
checks, to instruct STAAD.Pro which load cases should be considered for each situation.

2. In the Load & Definitions dialog, highlight the Load Envelopes item and then click on the Add... button.
3. In the Add New: Load Envelopes dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Envelope: 1
 Type: STRENGTH
 Selected: (Hold down the Ctrl key and select all of the AISC PUBLIC load combinations. Then, click on the Single Right Arrow
button to include the factored load combinations into this envelope.)
Click on the Add button.
4. In the Add New: Load Envelopes dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Envelope: 2
 Type: SERVICEABLILITY
 Selected: (Hold down the Ctrl key and select all of the IBC ASD load combinations. Then, click on the Single Right Arrow button
to include the unfactored load combinations into this envelope.)
Click on the Add button.
5. In the Add New: Load Envelopes dialog, click Close.

Section 2: Prepare the Model for Strength Design
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to specify all of the design commands in accordance with the strength design requirements of the AISC 360
LRFD specification.
Skills Taught
 Specifying the Design Load Combinations
 Specifying the Design Code and the Design Parameters
 Specifying the CHECK CODE Command
Specify the Design Load Combinations
In this exercise, you will learn how to specify a load list for the strength design load envelope using the following command:
 LOAD LIST ENVELOPE command: Used to specify a load envelope(s) to be used for a subsequent process.
The LOAD LIST ENVELOPE command must be entered directly into the STAAD Editor.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Utilities tab and then click on the Editor icon.
3. In the STAAD Editor, enter the following information above the FINISH line.
LOAD LIST ENVELOPE 1
Load Envelope 1 represents the AISC LRFD
load combinations. In the next series of
exercises, we will specify the appropriate
steel design parameters and commands to
design the steel structure for strength using
these load combinations.
4. In the STAAD Editor Ribbon, click on the File tab and then click Save.
5. In the STAAD Editor Ribbon, click on the File tab and then click Exit Editor.
Specify the Design Code and Method
In this exercise, you will learn how to select the appropriate steel design code and enter the following design parameter:
 METHOD: Used to specify with LRFD or ASD design method.
The design method, the analysis commands, and the load combinations should all be coordinated with each other to ensure
consistency through the design.

2. In the Workflow Page Control, click on the Design page.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Analysis and Design tab and then click on the Steel icon.
4. In the Steel Design dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Current Code: AISC 360-10
5. In the Steel Design dialog, click on the Define Parameters... button.

6. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the METHOD item and enter the following parameter:
 Enter Design Method: LRFD
Click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
Specify the Design Parameters
In this exercise, you will learn how to assign the following steel design parameter:
 FYLD: Used to specify the yield strength of steel.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Input Units icon.
3. In the Set Current Input Units dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Length Units: Inch {Millimeter}
 Force Units: KiloPound {Newton}
Click OK.

5. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the FYLD item and enter the following parameter:
 Yield Strength of Steel: 50 ksi {350 N/mm2}
Then, click on the Add button.
6. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the FYLD item and enter the following parameter:
 Yield Strength of Steel: 46 ksi {320 N/mm2}
Then, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
7. Assign the FYLD 50 parameter following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the FYLD 50 {FYLD 350} item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the By Property Name > By Property... icon.
 In the Select Geometry By Property dialog, hold down the Ctrl key and highlight the W12X22 and W12X30 properties.
 In the Steel Design dialog, select the Assign to Selected Beams radio button and then click Assign.
 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.
8. Assign the FYLD 46 parameter following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the FYLD 46 {FYLD 320} item.
 In the Select Geometry By Property dialog, highlight the HSST8X8X0.5 property. Then, click Close.
Add the CHECK CODE Command
Learn how to apply the following command in STAAD.Pro:
 CHECK CODE command
The CHECK CODE command instructs STAAD.Pro to check whether the provided section properties of the members are adequate.

2. In the Steel Design dialog, click on the Commands... button.
3. In the Design Commands dialog, highlight the CHECK CODE option and click Add. Then, click Close.
4. Assign the CHECK CODE command following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the CHECK CODE item.
 In the Select Geometry By Property dialog, hold down the Ctrl key and highlight the W12X22, W12X30, HSST6X6X0.375, and
L12012022 properties.
Section 3: Prepare the Model for Serviceability
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to specify all of the design commands necessary to check the steel beams for deflection.
Skills Taught
 Specifying the Deflection Load Combinations
 Specifying the Deflection Parameters
 Specifying the CHECK CODE Command
Specify the Deflection Load Combinations
In this exercise, you will learn how to specify a load list for the serviceability load envelope using the following command:
The LOAD LIST ENVELOPE command must be entered directly into the STAAD Editor.

LOAD LIST ENVELOPE 2
Load Envelope 2 represents the IBC ASD load
combinations. In the next series of exercise, we
will specify the appropriate deflection parameters
(including the maximum allowable deflection) and
commands to design the steel structure for
serviceability using these load combinations.
Specify the Maximum Allowable Deflection
In this exercise, you will learn how to instruct STAAD.Pro to perform a deflection check by assigning the following steel design
parameter:
 DFF: “Deflection Length” / Maximum Allowable Local Deflection
By default, the DFF parameter is set at 0, which indicates that deflection checks will not be performed. To incorporate deflection
checks into the design of the steel members, you must manually specify a maximum allowable deflection limit using the DFF
parameter.

5. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the DFF item and enter the following parameter:
 “Deflection length”/maximum allowable local deflection: 240
Then, click Add. Then, click Close.
6. Assign the DFF 240 parameter following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the DFF 240 item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Group Selection icon.
 In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the _ROOFBEAMS Group.
Specify the Deflection Length
In this exercise, you will learn how to specify the deflection length for the girders:
 DJ1: Joint Number denoting starting end for the calculation of “Deflection Length”
 DJ2: Joint Number denoting ending end for the calculation of “Deflection Length”

2. On your keyboard, press Shift + N to turn on the node numbers and Shift + K to turn on the node points.
Note: In this training course, we will be checking each beam

and girder for deflection with a maximum allowable deflection
of L/240 (as specified in the previous exercise). The beam
members in the roof (the members that are parallel to the
global Z axis) were modeled as they will be built in the field.
The girder members in the roof (the members that are parallel
to the global X axis), however, had to be segmented in the
model to ensure proper force transfer between the beams and
the supporting girders. Since the girders were segmented,
STAAD will need some additional information in order to be
able to calculate the overall length of the member, which will
be used in the allowable deflection equation L/240.
3. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the DJ1 item and enter the following parameter:
 Enter Node #: 9
Then, click Add.
4. Repeat this process to add a DJ1 parameter for the following node numbers:
 DJ1 63
 DJ1 11
 DJ1 34
 DJ1 14
5. In the Design Parameters dialog, select the DJ2 item and enter the following parameter:
 Enter Node #: 10
Then, click Assign. Click Close.
6. Repeat this process to add a DJ2 parameter for the following node numbers:
 DJ2 68
 DJ2 12
 DJ2 36
 DJ2 15
7. In the Design Parameters dialog, click Close.
8. Assign the DJ1 1 parameter following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the DJ1 1 item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Beam Cursor icon.
 In the View Window, hold down the Ctrl key and use the Beams Cursor to select the girder that spans between nodes 9 and 10.
9. Assign the DJ2 5 parameter following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the DJ2 5 item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Beam Cursor icon.
 In the View Window, hold down the Ctrl key and use the Beams Cursor to select the girder that spans between nodes 9 and 10.
10. Repeat this process to assign the rest of the DJ1 and DJ2 parameters to the appropriate girders.
Add the CHECK CODE Command
Learn how to apply the following command in STAAD.Pro:
 CHECK CODE command: The CHECK CODE command instructs STAAD.Pro to check whether the provided section properties
of the members are adequate.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Group Selection icon.
3. In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the _ROOFBEAMS Group.

5. In the Design Commands dialog, highlight the CHECK CODE option and click Assign. Then, click Close.
Section 4: Design the Model
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to design the steel structure and to review the results.
Skills Taught
 Reporting the Combined Results
 Performing the Design
 Reviewing the Results in the Output File and Post Processor
 Modifying the Design to Achieve a Passing Design
Reporting the Combined Results
In this exercise, we will issue the following commands before performing the analysis:
 CHECK CODE command: The CHECK CODE command instructs STAAD.Pro to check whether the provided section properties
of the members are adequate.
This LOAD LIST ENVELOPE command the CHECK CODE command will instruct STAAD.Pro to report the controlling interaction ratio
(the controlling ratio between the strength code check and the deflection code check) in the Post Processor after the analysis is
performed. If we do not issue these commands, STAAD.Pro will report the results of the last code check that was performed for each
member.

LOAD LIST ENVELOPE 1 2
9. In the Design Commands dialog, highlight the CHECK CODE option and click Add. Then, click Close.
10. Assign the CHECK CODE command following the steps indicated below:
 In the Steel Design dialog, highlight the CHECK CODE item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Group Selection icon.
 In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the _ROOFBEAMS Group.
11. In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.
COMMAND STRUCTURE:
Parameter 1: This folder instructs STAAD.Pro to
perform a strength design code check on the steel
members according to the AISC LRFD specification.
Parameter 2: This folder instructs STAAD.Pro to check

the steel beams for deflection according to the
specified maximum deflection limits.
Parameter 3: This folder instructs STAAD.Pro to report

the controlling design results considering the outcome
of the Parameter 1 and Parameter 2 designs.
Design the Model
In this exercise, you will learn how to perform an analysis/design in STAAD.Pro using the following command:
 Analyze > Run Analysis...
The Run Analysis commands performs the STAAD analysis as directed by the input commands.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Analysis and Design tab and then click on the Run Analysis icon.
3. Keep the STAAD Analysis and Design dialog open for the next exercise.
Review the Results in the Output File
In this exercise, you will learn how to review the results in the STAAD Output File, which can be accessed after the analysis is
complete:
 File > View > Output File > STAAD Output
During the analysis/design, the STAAAD Output file will be automatically generated. This file will contain selected input data items,
results and error messages.

2. In the STAAD Analysis and Design dialog, select the View Output File radio button. Then, click Done.
3. In the Output File, select the RESULTS tab and select the first STEEL DESIGN item.
This section contains the results of the first CHECK CODE command. This command checked the strength of each member
according to the code requirements of the AISC 360-10 LRFD specification.
4. In the Output File, select the RESULTS tab and select the second STEEL DESIGN item.
Steel Girders: W12X26

(Deflection Length was defined using
the DJ1 and DJ2 parameters)
L - = 271.654in
 = -------- ------------------------ = 1.132in
240 240
This section contains the results of the second CHECK CODE command. This command checked the deflection of each beam/
girder against the maximum allowable deflection that we defined for each member.
5. In the Output File, select the RESULTS tab and select the third STEEL DESIGN item.
Member 114 is controlled by

deflection.
Member 117 is controlled by

strength.
This section contains the results of the third CHECK CODE command. This command reports the controlling code check.
6. In the Output File, click File > Exit to return to the STAAD.Pro Modeling Mode.
Review the Results in the Post Processor
In this exercise, you will learn how to review the results in the STAAD Post Processing Mode, which can be accessed after the analysis
is complete:
 Mode > Post Processing
The STAAD.Pro Post Processor Mode offers graphical result verification and visualization facilities.

2. In the Workflow Panel, click Post Processing icon.
3. In the Results Setup dialog, click OK.
4. In the Workflow Page Control, click on the Beam Results page.
5. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Layouts > Utilization icon.
6. In the Page Control Area, click on the Beam tab and the Unity Check sub-tab.
Any member in blue or red (with an

interaction ratio greater than 1.0) is
failing at least one of the code
checks (strength or deflection).
7. In the Design Results Table, notice the following information is provided:

 Actual Ratio: The interaction ratio is indicate for each member in the “Actual Ratio” field. This field indicates the maximum ratio
that was calculated for each member from each CHECK CODE that was considered.
 Clause: The controlling criteria for each member (deflection or strength) is indicated in the “clause” field.
In the Design Results Table, select the Failed Members tab to isolate the members that are failing. Notice that several members in
the Roof system are currently failing. Several members have failed the strength code check while other members have failed the
deflection check.
Modify the Original Design
In this exercise, you will learn how to return to the STAAD Modeling Mode and modify the original section properties.
Note: For this training, we are using the CHECK CODE command, which instructs STAAD.Pro to check whether the provided section
properties of the members are adequate. For this approach, we will use trial-and-error until we achieve passing results for all steel
members.

2. In the Workflow Panel, click Analytical Modeling icon.
3. In the Workflow Page Control, click on the Properties page.
4. Adjust the sizes of the steel girders following the steps indicated below:
 In the Properties dialog, highlight the W12X22 section and then click on the Edit... button.
 In the American Steel Table dialog, select a W12X35 and then click on the Change button.
 In the American Steel Table dialog, click on the Close button.
5. In the File toolbar, click on the Save icon.
Verify the Results
In this exercise, we will re-perform the analysis/design and review the results in the Post-Processor.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Analysis and Design tab and then click on the Run Analysis icon.
3. In the Warning dialog, click on the Save button to continue.
4. In the STAAD Analysis and Design dialog, select the Go to Post Processing Mode radio button. Then, click Done.
5. In the Results Setup dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Envelope of Load Cases in Selected List: (selected)
Then, click on the Double-Right Arrow button to select all of the analyzed load cases and combinations. Then, click OK.
6. In the Workflow Page Control, click on the Beam Results page.
7. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Layouts > Utilization icon.
Notice that all of the steel beams, columns, and

braces are now passing the unity checks. At this
point in your work-flow, you can go back and
review the rest of the information in the Post-
Processor (such as beam end reactions or nodal
displacements).

Designing Steel Structures For Deflection - TRNC03044

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Practice Workbook

Designing Steel Structures for

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted

 Creating Load Envelopes

1. Open Steel_Design.std in STAAD.Pro in the CONNECT Edition Analytical Modeler.

Before you begin the design process, take a

 Properties: Notice that this model

 Analysis: For this model, we will be

2. Keep this model open for the next exercise.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Select Load Combination Category: Table7ASD241

 Create Repeat Load Cases: (checked)

 Include Notional Load?: (unchecked)

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

Click on the Add button.

Click on the Add button.

5. In the Add New: Load Envelopes dialog, click Close.

 Specifying the Design Code and the Design Parameters

 Specifying the CHECK CODE Command

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 METHOD: Used to specify with LRFD or ASD design method.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

5. In the Steel Design dialog, click on the Define Parameters... button.

Click on the Add button. Then, click Close.

7. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

 FYLD: Used to specify the yield strength of steel.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Force Units: KiloPound {Newton}

4. In the Steel Design dialog, click on the Define Parameters... button.

Then, click on the Add button.

Then, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

9. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

 CHECK CODE command

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

5. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

 Specifying the Deflection Parameters

 Specifying the CHECK CODE Command

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 DFF: “Deflection Length” / Maximum Allowable Local Deflection

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

Then, click Add. Then, click Close.

 In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the _ROOFBEAMS Group.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

7. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

Note: In this training course, we will be checking each beam

Then, click Add.

Then, click Assign. Click Close.

7. In the Design Parameters dialog, click Close.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

4. In the Steel Design dialog, click on the Commands... button.

 Performing the Design

 Reviewing the Results in the Output File and Post Processor

 Modifying the Design to Achieve a Passing Design

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the _ROOFBEAMS Group.

 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.

Parameter 2: This folder instructs STAAD.Pro to check