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Medellin Colombia
SUMMARY
Keywords: physical properties, soil, soil sampling, humidity, maximum holding capacity,
texture, bulk density.
The following article will relate the results obtained during the development of three
practices carried out in the field and in the laboratory to determine the physical properties
of the soil. in order to achieve the objectives proposed in the course of the soil diagnostic
laboratory; a soil sample of approximately 2 kg should be taken; which will be the sample
problem throughout the course and this will be done all the laboratory tests that are
scheduled for the semester; This sample was collected in the village of Santa Elena in the
Arvi park reserve with the appropriate specifications of the soil sampling guide. In the first
soil diagnostic guide, the determination of the moisture content and maximum moisture
retention capacity of soils and / or substrate was scheduled. Method ntc 5167 where a
subsample of soil was weighed before being taken to the oven and after passing through
the oven; the data is known as the weight of the dry sample and the weight of the sample,
humidity and with these data the respective calculations were carried out that would lead
to the data of determination of maximum moisture capacity in the soil which was of a
capacity greater less 50%; in the second guide, soil texture determination was programmed;
for this, a subsample of the original sample that had been stored in the laboratory facilities
had to be sifted, which had already been mentioned that it was taken in the village of Santa
Elena in the Arvi park; With approximately 50g of sieved soil, it was liquefied for 10 minutes
with 200 to 300cm3 of water and 0.5g of sodium pyrophosphate and then the suspension
was transferred to a graduated cylinder of 1000cm3 and this volume was completed with
tap water. performs a first reading of temperature and density with the hydrometer at 20
seconds, a second reading taking the same data at 40 seconds and a third reading at
approximately two hours. This method is known by the name of Bouyoucos which is
endorsed for the determination of silt and clay sands. With this method it was determined
that this soil has 98.15% in sand, 0.01% in silt and finally 1.84% in clay, which identified a
clay soil.Finally the apparent density of the soil was determined by the cylinder method ;
being an important physical property in this one, since when knowing it the unit of mass of
the ground by unit of volume can be determined; a necessary data in the determination of
lime requirements, amount of fertilizers in a soil and / or organic corrections and irrigation
water. Another advantage of obtaining the apparent density of a soil is to determine the
porous space of the soil which regulates the movement of water that occurs in the soil, the
gas exchange that occurs with the atmosphere determined as macropores and water
retention that is related to micropores
Keywords: physical properties, soil, soil sampling, humidity, maximum holding capacity,
texture, bulk density.
RESUMEN
Procedimiento
1. Identificar el suelo a muestrear
2. Medir las dimensiones del cilindro
3. Introducir el cilindro
4. Retirar el cilindro del suelo, con
cuidado retirando el suelo en los
alrededores con la ayuda de una
herramienta como un palin.
5. Pesar el suelo contenido en el cilindro
6. Determinar el contenido de humedad
gravimétrico de una submuestra
7. Determinar la Dap
8. Determinar la porosidad
9. Determinar el porcentaje de
macroporos y microporos
RESULTADOS. 1.2 Determinación de la máxima
capacidad de retención de
1. Determinación del contenido de
humedad del suelo (MCRH):
humedad y máxima capacidad de
retención de humedad de suelos
1.1 Determinación del contenido de Tabla 2. Datos obtenidos en el
humedad del suelo (CHS): laboratorio para determinar MCRH
M1 M2
Tabla 1. Datos obtenidos en el laboratorio
Masa del vaso 1.14 1.07
para determinar CHS
plástico + filtro
M1 (g) M2 (g) (Mcp)
Masa del 8,09 8,00
Masa del vaso 18.59 18.73
recipiente vacío
plástico +filtro
Masa recipiente 19.98 19.99
+suelo (Mcp+ Mss )
vacio + Masa
Masa del vaso 23.18 23.35
suelo humedo
plástico +filtro
(Mc+ Msh)
+suelo saturad
Masa recipiente 18,09 19,09
(Mcp+ Msat)
vacío + Masa
Peso suelo 22.04 22.28
suelo seco (Mc+
saturado ( Msat)
Mss)
Peso suelo sin 17.45 17.66
Masa suelo seco 10 10.09
saturar (Mss)
(Mss)
Masa suelo seco 11.89 11.99
(Msh) Modelo de cálculo:
Datos
Peso suelo 50.07 g
Densidad 1 (arenas) 40 9 g/L
s
Temperatura 1 22°C
(arenas) 1
Bibliografía
CENICAFE. (2017). Obtenido de
https://www.cenicafe.org/es/publica
La contaminación del suelo puede tions/arc056%2804%29381-397.pdf
deberse a diversas actividades fajardo, A. (s.f.). Obtenido de
industriales o domésticas, pero su (http://gfnun.unal.edu.co/fileadmin/
concentración está estrechamente content/gruposdeinvestigacion/fisica
relacionada con el tipo de suelo que se nuclear/Tesis/AndreaA_TG.pdf)
esté tratando, el tamaño del grano me FAO. (s.f.). Obtenido de
determina la capacidad de permeabilidad http://www.madrimasd.org/blogs/u
del suelo, es por ello por lo que en suelos niverso/2006/07/05/33887
arenosos va a ser mucho más fácil que el FAO. (ENERO de 2015). Obtenido de
agua contaminada por ejemplo penetre http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/W1
con mayor agilidad y rapidez. A mayor 309S/w1309s04.htm
tamaño del grano mayor movilidad del JARAMILLO, D. F. (s.f.). Obtenido de
contaminante en el suelo. (S, 2007) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE
COLOMBIA :
5. Plantee una relación entre textura del http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/224
2/1/70060838.2002.pdf
suelo y densidad aparente.
O Acevedo- Sandoval, M. V.-P.-G. (2010).
La densidad aparente me sirve para Propiedades físicas, químicas y
mineralógicas de suelos forestales en
identificar el grado de compactación del
Acaxochitlan, Hidalgo, México.
suelo, el cual está relacionado con el
Scielo.
tamaño del grano, el cual también me
ayuda a conocer la facilidad del agua para S, V. E. (2007). EFECTO DE HIDROCARBUROS
EN LAS PROPIEDADES FISICAS Y
penetrar el suelo. Un incremento en la
QUIMICAS DEL SUELO . Obtenido de
densidad aparente determina un daño en https://www.chapingo.mx/terra/con
la estructura porosa del suelo. (CENICAFE, tenido/19/1/art9-17.pdf
2017)
Sanchez, J. (01 de enero de 2006).
Evapotranspiracion . Obtenido de
https://fjferrer.webs.ull.es/Bibliog/Bi
blio/Evapotranspiracion.pdf