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€qTq{ffic<nrBI e <n"ffi qfu qqcq mlqfl Tls lr.rq $-{ esF <Fl-ne
eats his own mango. (cc \5F frreT<
q{ fi r) aelca qffi fiFI €:Jlf,{ noun
€{( pronoun csl{ mnF I s"Rlcl, case qE . . . i{(€Ifr q(Ts<R flp I
q"ffi{ e|-ol<l-fsq
sl{ffi q{<1 cq-{mF FmFK frq ers.K q*r6 afisl q€-< 3
I
(noun,/prc,noun) subject -€< qIC?i verb €3 / 93!\
\SV/
106 A Passage to the English Language
2. Objective case
2. Objective case (SfOR-s) 3 Noun tT pronoun {fi sentence_€
verb {i
objeci {C1 <F|qE qS efi qfh-< objective case qR r CT:F{, he {fi
sentence-€ object (o{) ffi1 <1:tqu qt \ofi E1r1 K1 {T him; qE q{F qq' he
4R objective case.
Grammar : The Case : (Of Nouns and Pronouns) 107
Ans. (1) him (2) rne, him (3) them (4) you (5) whom
TFq qfuF pronoun verb (K object RCIC{ <Icqs qclrq | {qdl(-slch3
objective case {l{Qs {c-< r (a) q( eff;$ whom <I{-qE qK oK'l {ft with
€K obiect Rqli-{ <Kqs qLTcq I
qE q"l-dt
fgf-q ETa< pronoun Q6{l3t possessive case fro< W-+ cq"I[cTl seC{t
$rqT1< cq{ I
1<lTs {R{f Ec< t) c-{q TeIlTtr subject Rl object qTCfi 6q noun qfuR-s ftg <r{
\5lfrF complement ?16{ | C{rf{ g
Grammar : The Case : (Of Nouns and pronouns) 109
He is a doctor. We made him captain.
They selected me chairman. We elected her mLmber of the
union counsil.
Sel5T <fstfrrs He = doctor fr.frq vq qs at ,
s?F? c<Rtl {Fi doctor.rqfr He-q<R qstr qBRs
"lRF-{ r esfm him
(C{ <Irsi) € object E"{ captain -fqtr< qafe-+ RCTtcR r Captain frm ne c+E
{<|"lC{l qcq r qgrEt >Ft complement. vli 4(El case F nominative case €1i
LCq'{i rS< RnS;1"fi R{ complementary nominative.
{f$1 EfrIE nominative (president (3( you)Tt{qs ECF-(E' verb (live Qi(
may) 4n el6{ t
fr'qT?fl <rEfi
<foiF< ors
qs?fi
cq<r{fr
<]Timrc TcEfi'-< E"r< mm c<ft "rcv, q<1 <ls-trs {6{ emphatic
sentence. GFl4 3
(viii) Sentence-€ neither {t nor, €q( :{T (and not) qT{ qqqv {T a
' Sentenc" q1 ftfr{ clause fr so, the more 19ffi ql<tt tsF Erqs
(ix)
As you sow, so shall you reap. (cT:14 <"( cq-a p-q;
The more man gets, the more will he want. (:tl$ {E 'tlT Es El{ l)
Grammar : The Case : (Of Nouns and pronouns) 111
F{ case ft ft
"11-C<
qcs
El 6fr5;1-{ sdil6r ffis{l {E r Affi word .qir qn1 cfi-s
F-{trqFs ({ Beqtre tqamF FIrkBiXfr{t<wier< 6c.€$qE s
Sentence Vocative Nominative uomplementary
Case Absolute Nominative
1. Biva is a gentle girf-
2. Jesmine, start dancing.
3. She was elected
chairperson of the
committee.
4. We will go there, G o d
willing.
5. Shuma, do not shout.
6. The Chairman having
died, the committee was
dismissed.
V. Objective Case
Noun Rl pronoun {fi verb (T preposition_€K object RCI-C< V<qv qg
\5?t{ gk objective case {T r objective case-g noun-L{< K1ts 6qa
"iffi qn
it, frq pronoun-€3 qR-q 4r[ qtqg| q|-6fi oq54Q r ,{<l-< Et bqq{"f 6h?fi
{ls3
She told me everything.
I saw him running.
(tllc{ told €i( saw-4K object Rmr< <t<-qE E€{l{ s{r@[\ me €{( hini
{K objective case RCSCR r
Objectm freX 5Bcm celrs dfifr-se s-fl ${ q<( EG 6srel noun -<t
pronoun {F objective case R_! I {E<T( q|Tffq_<f$ Wq(q object Ts ef€k, EIR
ftftffir
Kinds of Objects
I (i) Direct object & indirect object :
t"{CDd sentence S6;fl flp B
({q4E-s)
told me the story.
will show her the room.
',ntu will bring you a ribbon.
ljll '
teaches us,/ them English.
built her a house.
rrilr!frc{
{e} Cognate object-fs T{fIiFl G€s {trif I
We wili walk it. (=the waY).
They fought it. {=the fight).
She sang it (:t5o tonn,.
APTEL-8
714 A Passage to the English Language
S+V+O+tobe+Com.Obj.
qT{ noun q-fl COf{ parts of
NOTE : Complementary object Wt {-rtr |
EXenCtSEl 1. Fill in the gap in each sentence using any noun you
tnint?ppropriutn"(q6+ <rt l,6{ qs 'll-{ c{ c+l{ noun ftrt firu< Wql{ t<"f
ffi)
(1) He thought me to be a-
(2) They Iound him to be a-
(3)He was deemed (q-{ee {L-TRE) to be an--'
(4) We discovered him to be-'
;;t : fr(n< word erEI <'3.qF 4-fi 61s 'tF{ : (1) lawver (Gfuo) (Z;
merchant (<ft$) (3) emperor (4) a thief'
2. FrcF< bold (mfi qsC+{) word efr complementary object T{ csl-
g
tilV+dl
6{{;T 3 He eats rice. €3(
5-T -o-
S + V + Indirect Obj. "t Direct Obj.
GIFI gShe gave me a pen
s --V- Fd.O6'j Dir.O6i
E1sR 531, e1fuT1aQ object lGfQ verb 4-1 fll-< I ft-q ffi,fiF5 (sGI object
verb-€il qlCtt <]:l-q-s ET
Grammar : The Case : (Of Nouns and Pronouns) 177
ErE +'<, (b)-Cs the man {4 object. qQ the ma.t-R that Rrrltrl <g
<rolfts <rEqs E[Tcq I qr<-sF ftfrq {s] s-d 3
(a)-€K a man fuq <v qrsIEF the man-q qRqs qc<rq t sl-<cl (a) e (b)
tfi {g; 3:'c{ <-v <ffi tff{ 3s-{r qq, \5.1{ a-qd'f6{ that ql{F s6[cf a-{Rqs qe
theFl
I (c) Preposition-€T object \5ld 'lc{ <ctT I c{5FI 3
el{ the
I talk of the rat. (vlfr ?[{F{ salt fiR l) .c{f6{ of (prep.)4K
rat (obj.) <Kdu q656q I frq Tffi {rl{ interrogative (SfFl{s;-c "tRqs <l
vrl{ object fr TC{ preposition €K 9[Crt t
€qlt plural noun CS possessive €trCu q5q qfi-{ elcq ,s 6{trt T-{CE qT I
cTst{ 3
children's dress
women's bags
men's clubffi t
qrqFil <r& T4IIT sRr4 erFrCS-< r'rcq< cltct 's T{lti qr{ | RsFi 3 These are
Rahim's and Karim's houses.
I (vi) Case in apposition q< cFCq Fl{ word ff< cRq 's C{lEl oc<
possessive ttfq +<re E{ I cs'{'{ s
This is Akbar, ihe lawYer's library'
,{cll({ Akbarsti lawYer qst {'e I qslr{ s
ql[tt
I (vii) <WtD-s noun €31 c"l[q ;I[ <frrs sk of <frcq possessive
rs
rr'l;
.t, .urn ufh ffi[s q{ | c{5F{ 3
Inc. The tree's fruits are fine'
cor. The fruits of the tree are fine'
lnc. The books Pages are green'
cor. The pages of the book are green'
<reary t "
(il cIEs-{ "pildc<l<-s noun6:F Sfi Ct5-s-{-fi"i <"fat o-<t $ ! Death's hands ;
two years' time ; one yard's length (.SS t|E? hI6<) ; one maund's weight'
teacher's room
Men's house
For Jesus's sake
Suma's and Ruma's Picture
(q-sFeR)
Suma and Ruma's Picture
({l? {KqlElnqElr.l ER)
The iable's colour
Everyone's life
Two day's leave
Childrens'hat
720 A passage to the English Language
DOUBLE POSSESSruE
FKF-{ Table (31 column-3 €n possessive €rrr double
ts$l€ pronoun
possessive. .effi
{-:T double possessive.
(1) Nominative (Z) Possessive
I
(3) Double Posseffi-
my mine
We our ours
Thev- their theirs
She her hers
Yorr uour uours
931 column pro noun E6{I6S double ossessive
€3tr
<il e{ gl3t ?15'l<6l
pronounC$ q efEl-Cs 9fl€Tl Crkq
"K"f< Et<n possessive S-<l-<
'|-< I
Noun-€3t Csf€
FfTNor-rn;El = Double possessive.
C{51{ B A book of my friend's.
The house of Rafiq's. (<ftr$? q&)
NOTE : A picture of Shuman_Wtr{ fiCsN efr r
.
fro<<tolecqtts
ELLIPTICAL POSSESSIVE
c
I went to.Karim's house.
She bought the 6ook-fr6m paran's shop.
. The patient will go to St. paul's hospital.
<lTlqrqkg possessive noun_eCfl (Karim,s paran,s, St. paul,s)
S"fC<-<
objective case-€i qlcr <Tqcq r $-l3r"r, qtq-< qrcl to,
from qr<tr preposition
qrq r q?F <r$]erErs q.lTfi CS(S-CatfrCT-s qr+re<s frqco 9IIR;
I went to Karim's.
She bought the book frorn paran,s.
The patient will go to St. paul's.
Grammar : The Case : (Of Nouns and pronouns) t21
qfi fuq. possessive nounelFTlit q?
C{R I qaI{l E€
'l{<tr-ff nouns6{l
<C{'cq I B{TlGt possessive noun-e@l e"l{ qrrs
ffi (BS q$|:rS) vd e1-E1-.1
ep6q 4fr'f possessive6s {Ff Elliptical possessive.
;
NOTE : Objective case-€Bl possessive noun-(l CSCE S'frel <tE' Cqfi qs<
(6w{ u"l(<-{ <fsis6{l(E), fre nominative case €K possessive noun-€i fsFrdt
EtCB{lT I R5F{ 3
Karim's house is a good one.
<l+itiCo Karim's house (CTCQ subject-4i {C{ (norrinative). 4Eii
Karim's is a good one 6{rll qF+ q* r
ffi?smft{'iqc< s