3/26/2016

Manual
Protection
System

Manual Protection System

• Standpipe System

• Fire Extinguisher

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STANDPIPE SYSTEM

Reference
NFPA 14
NFPA 1962
FMDS – 0404N

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Standpipe System

A standpipe system is a fire safety system

which is designed to provide rapid access to
water in the event that a fire breaks out.

Standpipes are installed as stand-alone

systems which act like building specific fire
hydrants, providing fire protection which
will be readily available to fire fighters.

Standpipe System Components

Standpipe have several main components;

• Water Supplies
• Pipe & Fittings
• Risers
• Valves
• Hose outlets
• Nozzle

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Standpipe System
• System is subject to a flow test;
For Class I and Class III systems, the minimum
flow rate for the hydraulically most remote
standpipe shall be 500 gpm (1893 L/min), through
the two most remote 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) outlets
For Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote hose connection shall be
100 gpm (379 L/min).
Max pressure at any point in the system at any time
shall not exceed 350 psi (24 bar)
Manual standpipe systems shall be designed to
provide 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the topmost outlet with
the calculations terminating at the fire department
connection.

Classes of Standpipe Systems

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Class I System

• Shall provide 2 ½” (65 mm) hose connection

• used by personnel trained for heavy stream

operation

• flow to be residual 100 psi at highest hose

station

Class II System

• Shall provide either 1 ½” (40mm)

hose station

• Use by trained personnel or a hose

connection for the fire department
during initial response

• A minimum 1 in. (25.4 mm) hose

shall be permitted to be used for
hose stations in light hazard
occupancies where investigated and
listed for this service and where
approved by the authority having
jurisdiction

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Class III System

• 2 ½” (65 mm) hose connection and a 1 ½” (40 mm)

hose station. (features of both Class I and II)
• Auto wet system unless subject to freezing
• Not more than 100 ft. of 1 ½” (40 mm) hose

A Class III System –

1 ½″ hose connection
2 ½″ hose connection

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Required Type of System

• Class I Standpipe Systems.
Class I standpipe systems shall be permitted to be
automatic dry, automatic wet, semiautomatic dry,
manual dry, or manual wet in buildings not classified
as high-rise buildings.

Class I standpipe systems in buildings classified as

high-rise buildings shall be automatic or semiautomatic.

• In buildings classified as high-rise, all required

standpipes shall be automatic or semiautomatic,
including partial height and horizontal standpipes
that serve only a portion or limited number of floors
within the building.

Required Type of System (Cont’d)

• Class I standpipe systems shall be wet systems

except where piping is subject to freezing.

• Class II and Class III standpipe systems shall be

automatic wet systems unless located in a facility
where piping is subject to freezing and where a fire
brigade is trained to operate the system without fire
department intervention, in which case an automatic
dry or semiautomatic dry system shall be permitted.

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Water Supply

Water supplies include :

• Public or private
water mains
• Gravity tanks
• Fire pumps

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GRAVITY TANKS

• The common type of elevated storage tank for

industrial plants is a steel tank supported by a steel
tower, located either on the ground or on the roof of
a building

• Small tanks are supported directly by elevator or stair

towers extending above the main roofs of buildings

• Capacities of steel tanks range from 100,000 through

500,000 gallons (380 through 1895 m3). Some
manufacturers make other sizes

• The most common height of towers for ground-

supported tanks is 100 ft (31 m), measured vertically
from foundations to bottom capacity line

Fire Pumps

• Electric Fire Pumps

• Diesel Engine Fire Pumps
• Jockey Pump

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Fire Department Connections

Fire Department Connections

• Allows Fire Department to pump supplemental

water for automatic systems and primary water for
manual systems
• Shall be visible and recognizable
• Located and arranged so that hose lines can be
attached without interference
• Min size of fittings 2 ½” (65 mm)
• Have a sign with at least 1” letters that read
“STANDPIPE”

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Fire Department Connections

• High-rise buildings shall have at least two remotely
located fire department connections for each zone.

• A single connection for each zone shall be

permitted where acceptable to the fire department.

• Fire department connection sizes shall be based on

the standpipe system demand and shall include one
21⁄2 in. (65 mm) inlet per every 250 gpm (946
L/min).

No shut off valves between the

Fire Department connection
and the system allowed.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Reference
NFPA 10

FMDS – 0405

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The Combustion Process

• Three components

• Need all three

components to start a
fire

• Fire extinguishers
remove one or more of
the components.

Fire Classes
A Trash Wood Paper B Liquids Grease

wood • gasoline
paper • oil
cloth • grease
etc. • other solvents

C Electrical Equipment • magnesium

COMBUSTIBLE
• sodium
• computers
• potassium
• fax machine
D • titanium
• other energized
• other
electrical equip.
flammable
METALS
metals

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Fire Classes (cont’d)

CLASS K FIRES

• Recently recognized by NFPA 10

• Fires involving combustible oils,
lards and fats in commercial
cooking.

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING
AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

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Fire Extinguisher Types

PRESSURIZED WATER
Class “A” fires only
Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check
30-40 ft. maximum effective range
Can be started and stopped as
necessary
Extinguishes by cooling burning
material below the ignition point.

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont’d)

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

Class “B” or “C” fires
Has NO pressure gauge--capacity
verified by weight
3-8 ft. maximum effective range
Extinguishes by smothering
burning materials
Effectiveness decreases as
temperature of burning material
increases.

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Fire Extinguisher Types (cont’d)

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires
Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check
5-20 ft. maximum effective range
Extinguishes by smothering burning
materials.

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont’d)

COMBUSTIBLE METAL
Class “D” combustible metal fires
only.
6-8 ft. maximum effective range.
Extinguishes by smothering
burning materials.

COMBUSTIBLE

D
METALS

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Fire Extinguisher Types (cont’d)

WET CHEMICAL
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper

Class “A”, “C”, and “K” fires.

C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment 10-12 ft. maximum effective
range.
Extinguishes by cooling and
K Cooking Media forming foam blanket to
prevent reignition.

Fire Emergency Response

R Rescue

A Alarm

C Contain

E Extinguish

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Fighting the Fire

P Pull the pin

Aim low at
A the base of flames

S Squeeze the handle

S Sweep side to side

Firefighting Decision Criteria

Know department emergency procedures and evacuation
routes

Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to

use them

Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size

Avoid smoky conditions

Ensure area is evacuated

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Firefighting Decision
Don’t attempt to fight unless:
Alarm is sounded
Fire is small and contained
You have safe egress route (can be reached without
exposure to fire)
Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire
If in doubt, evacuate!
Don’t attempt to fight unless you are trained

Thank You

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