List of skeletal

muscles of the
human body

This is a table of skeletal muscles of the

human anatomy.

There are over 600 skeletal muscles within

the typical human body.[1][2] Almost every
muscle constitutes one part of a pair of
identical bilateral muscles, found on both
sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs
of
muscles,
as
presented
in this
article.
Neverthel
ess, the
exact
number is
difficult to
define
because
different
sources
group
muscles
differently
, e.g.
regarding
what is
defined
as
different
parts of a
single
muscle or
as several
muscles.

The
muscles
of the human body can be categorized into
a number of groups which include
muscles relating to the head and neck,
muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of
the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower
limbs.

The action refers to the action of each

muscle from the standard anatomical
position. In other positions, other actions
may be performed.

These muscles are described using

anatomical terminology.

Head
Forehead/eyelid
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

occipitofrontalis 2 occipital galea facial raises the

bellies and 2 aponeurotica nerve eyebrows
frontal
bellies.

     occipitalis superior galea occipital posterior moves the

nuchal line aponeurotica artery auricular scalp back
of the nerve
occipital (facial
bone; nerve)
mastoid part
of the
temporal
bone

     frontalis galea skin of ophthalmic facial wrinkles

aponeurotica frontal region artery nerve eyebrow

orbicularis oculi frontal bone; lateral ophthalmic, zygomatic closes levator

medial palpebral zygomatico- branch of eyelids palpebrae
palpebral raphe orbital, facial superioris
ligament; angular
lacrimal
bone

corrugator superciliary forehead facial wrinkles

supercilii arches skin, near nerve forehead
eyebrow

depressor medial medial facial Depresses

supercilii orbital rim aspect of nerve the
bony orbit eyebrow

Extraocular muscles
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

levator sphenoid tarsal plate, ophthalmic oculomotor retracts/elevates orbicularis

palpebrae bone upper eyelid artery nerve eyelid oculi
superioris muscle

superior underside of superior sympathetic raise the upper

tarsal levator tarsal plate nervous eyelid
palpebrae of the eyelid system
superioris

Rectus muscles

     superior annulus of 7.5 mm oculomotor elevates, adducts,

Zinn at the superior to nerve and rotates
orbital apex the corneal medially the eye
limbus

     inferior 6.5 mm inferior depression and

inferior to branch of adduction
the corneal oculomotor
limbus nerve

     medial 5.5 mm inferior adducts the

medial to division of eyeball
the corneal the
limbus oculomotor
nerve

     lateral 7 mm abducens abducts the

temporal to nerve eyeball
the corneal
limbus

Oblique muscles

     superior annulus of outer lateral trochlear primary: intorsion.

Zinn at the posterior muscular nerve secondary:abduct
orbital apex, quadrant of branch of (laterally rotate)
medial to the eyeball the and depress the
optic canal ophthalmic eyeball
artery
     inferior orbital laterally oculomotor extorsion,
surface of onto the nerve elevation,
the maxilla, eyeball, abduction
lateral to the deep to the
lacrimal lateral
groove rectus, by a
short flat
tendon

Ear
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

auriculares galeal front of the facial (Wiggle ears)

aponeurosis helix, nerve
cranial
surface of
the pinna

temporoparietalis auriculares galea facial

muscles aponeuron nerve

stapedius neck of facial control the

stapes nerve amplitude of
sound waves
to the inner
ear

tensor tympani Eustachian handle of superior medial tensing the

tube the malleus tympanic pterygoid tympanic
artery nerve from membrane
mandibular
nerve

Nose
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

procerus from fascia skin of the buccal Draws down the

over the lower lower part of branch of medial angle of
of the nasal the forehead the facial the eyebrow,
bone between the nerve giving
eyebrows expressions of
frowning

nasalis maxilla nasal bone Compresses

bridge, depresses
tip of nose,
elevates corners
of nostrils

dilator margin of the skin near the dilation of nostrils

naris nasal notch of margin of the
the maxilla, nostril
greater and
lesser alar
cartilages

depressor incisive fossa nasal septum depression of

septi nasi of the maxilla and back part nasal septum
of the alar
part of
nasalis
muscle

levator maxilla nostril and superior dilates the nostril;

labii upper lip labial elevates the
superioris artery upper lip and
alaeque wing of the nose
nasi

Mouth
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

levator maxilla modiolus of facial facial smile

anguli oris mouth artery nerve (elevates
(caninus) angle of
mouth)

depressor tubercle of modiolus of facial mandibular depresses

anguli oris mandible mouth artery branch of angle of
(triangularis) facial mouth
nerve

levator labii medial infra-orbital skin and superior buccal Elevates the
superioris margin muscle of labial branch of upper lip
the upper artery the facial
lip (labii nerve
superioris)

depressor oblique line of the integument inferior facial Depresses

labii mandible, between of the lower labial nerve the lower lip
inferioris the symphysis and lip, artery
the mental orbicularis
foramen oris fibers,
its fellow of
the
opposite
side

mentalis anterior mandible chin Inferior mandibular elevates and

labial branch of wrinkles skin
branch facial of chin,
of facial nerve protrudes
artery lower lip

buccinator alveolar processes in the fibres buccal buccal compress the

of the maxillary of the artery branch of cheeks
bone and orbicularis the facial against the
mandible, oris nerve teeth
pterygomandibular (blowing),
raphe mastication.
orbicularis maxilla and skin around pucker the
oris mandible the lips lips

risorius parotid fascia modiolus facial draw back

artery angle of
mouth

Zygomatic muscles

     major anterior of modiolus of facial buccal draws angle

zygomatic bone mouth artery branch of of mouth
the facial upward and
nerve laterally

     minor zygomatic bone skin of the facial elevates

upper lip nerve, upper lip
buccal
branch

Mastication
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

masseter zygomatic coronoid masseteric masseteric elevation (as in platysma

arch and process and artery nerve (V3) closing of the muscle
maxilla ramus of mouth) and
mandible retraction of
mandible

temporalis temporal coronoid deep third branch elevation and

lines on the process of temporal (mandibular retraction of
parietal bone the mandible nerve) of mandible
of the skull the
trigeminal
nerve

Pterygoid muscles

     lateral great wing of condyle of pterygoid external depresses

sphenoid mandible branches pterygoid mandible
and of nerve from
pterygoid maxillary the
plate artery mandibular
nerve

     medial deep head: medial angle mandibular elevates

medial side of the nerve via mandible, closes
of lateral mandible nerve to jaw, helps lateral
pterygoid medial pterygoids in
plate behind pterygoid moving the jaw
the upper from side to side
teeth
superficial
head:
pyramidal
process of
palatine
bone and
maxillary
tuberosity
Tongue

Extrinsic muscle
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

Complex –
Inferior fibers
protrude the
Superior part
tongue,
of mental Dorsum of
middle fibers
spine of tongue Lingual hypoglossal
genioglossus depress the
mandible and body artery nerve
tongue, and
(symphysis of hyoid
its superior
menti)
fibers draw
the tip back
and down

side of the hypoglossal depresses

hyoglossus hyoid
tongue nerve tongue

depresses
lesser cornu intrinsic tongue (some
and body of muscular hypoglossal consider this
chondroglossus
the hyoid fibers of nerve muscle to be
bone the tongue part of
hyoglossus)

Styloid inferior and

elevates and
process of Hypoglossal middle fibers
styloglossus tongue retracts
temporal nerve of
tongue
bone genioglossus

vagus nerve
raising the
palatine and cranial
palatoglossus tongue back part of
aponeurosis accessory
the tongue
nerve

Intrinsic
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

close to the
epiglottis, shortens, turns
superior from the edges of the hypoglossal tip upward, turns
longitudinal median tongue nerve lateral margins
fibrous upward
septum

median
sides of the hypoglossal narrows and not
transversus fibrous
tongue nerve elongated
septum

shortens,
inferior root of the apex of the Hypoglossal
retracts, pulls tip
longitudinal tongue tongue nerve
downward

inferior
verticalis dorsum of surface hypoglossal
flattens
muscle tongue borders of nerve
tongue

Soft palate
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

levator veli temporal palatine facial vagus Aids in

palatini bone, aponeurosis artery nerve swallowing by
Eustachian elevating the
tube soft palate

tensor veli medial medial Aids in

palatini pterygoid pterygoid swallowing by
plate of the of controlling
sphenoid mandibular the tension of
bone nerve the soft
palate

musculus uvulae hard palate pharyngeal Moves and

plexus changes
shape of the
uvula

palatoglossus palatine tongue vagus Aids in

aponeurosis nerve and respiration by
cranial raising the
accessory back part of
nerve the tongue

palatopharyngeus palatine upper border facial vagus Aids in

aponeurosis of thyroid artery nerve and respiration by
and hard cartilage cranial pulling the
palate (blends with accessory pharynx and
constrictor nerve larynx
fibers)

Pharynx
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve A

stylopharyngeus temporal styloid thyroid cartilage pharyngeal glossopharyngeal elev

process (pharynx) branches nerve lary
of elev
ascending pha
pharyngeal swa
artery

salpingopharyngeus cartilage of the posterior vagus nerve and rais

Eustachian tube fasciculus of the cranial accessory nas
pharyngopalatinus nerve
muscle

Pharyngeal muscles

     inferior cricoid and thyroid pharyngeal raphe pharyngeal external laryngeal Swa
cartilage branches branch of the
of vagus
ascending
pharyngeal
     middle hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe vagus nerve Swa
artery

     superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal raphe, vagus nerve Swa

plate, pharyngeal
pterygomandibular tubercle
raphé, alveolar
process

Larynx
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

cricothyroid anterior and inferior external tension and

lateral cornu and laryngeal elongation of
cricoid lamina of branch of the vocal folds
cartilage the thyroid the vagus (has minor
cartilage adductory
effect)

arytenoid arytenoid arytenoid recurrent approximate the

cartilage on cartilage on laryngeal arytenoid
one side opposite branch of cartilages
side the vagus (close rima
glottidis)

thyroarytenoid inner anterior recurrent thickens the

surface of surface of laryngeal vocal folds and
the thyroid arytenoid branch of decreases
cartilage cartilage the vagus length; also
(anterior helps to adduct
aspect) the vocal folds
during speech

Cricoarytenoid muscles

     posterior posterior muscular recurrent abducts and lateral

part of the process of laryngeal laterally rotates cricoarytenoid
cricoid the branch of the cartilage, muscle
arytenoid the vagus pulling the vocal
cartilage ligaments away
from the
midline and
forward and so
opening the
rima glottidis

     lateral lateral part muscular recurrent adduct and

of the arch process of laryngeal medially rotate
of the the branch of the cartilage,
cricoid the vagus pulling the vocal
 arytenoid ligaments
cartilage towards the
midline and
backwards and
so closing off
the rima
glottidis

Neck
Clavicular
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

Draws the
corners of
the mouth
inferiorly
and widens
branches of it (as in
cervical
inferior the expressions
branch of
clavicle submental of sadness Masseter,
platysma mandible the facial
and fascia artery and and fright). Temporalis
nerve (CN
of chest suprascapular Also draws
VII)
artery the skin of
the neck
superiorly
when teeth
are
clenched

Acting
alone, tilts
head to its
own side
and rotates
mastoid it so the
process motor: face is
manubrium
of the occipital accessory turned
sterni,
temporal artery and the nerve towards the
sternocleidomastoid medial
bone, superior sensory: opposite
portion of
superior thyroid artery cervical side. Acting
the clavicle
nuchal plexus together,
line flexes the
neck, raises
the sternum
and assists
in forced
inspiration.
Suprahyoid
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

anterior
belly –
anterior
mandibular
belly –
division of
digastric
the
fossa Opens the jaw
trigeminal
(mandible); Intermediate when the
(CN V) via
digastric posterior tendon (hyoid masseter and
the
belly – bone) the temporalis
mylohyoid
mastoid are relaxed.
nerve;
process of
posterior
temporal
belly –
bone
facial nerve
(CN VII)

styloid Elevate the

greater cornu facial nerve
stylohyoid process hyoid during
of hyoid bone (CN VII)
(temporal) swallowing

mylohyoid
mylohyoid nerve, from Raises oral
Mylohyoid branch of inferior cavity floor,
mylohyoid line Median raphé inferior alveolar elevates hyoid,
(mandible) alveolar branch of depresses
artery mandibular mandible
nerve [V3]

carry hyoid bone

C1 via
Symphysis and the tongue
geniohyoid hyoid bone hypoglossal
menti upward during
nerve
deglutition
Infrahyoid/strap
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

manubrium ansa depress hyoid

sternohyoid hyoid bone
of sternum cervicalis bone

Depresses
thyroid Ansa larynx, may
sternothyroid manubrium
cartilage cervicalis slightly depress
hyoid bone.

first
thyroid depress hyoid
thyrohyoid hyoid bone cervical
cartilage bone
nerve

Depresses the
larynx and hyoid
Upper border
Ansa bone. Carries
omohyoid of the Hyoid bone
cervicalis hyoid bone
scapula
backward and to
the side

Neck

Anterior
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

Transverse
longus Anterior arch C2, C3, Flexes the neck
processes of
colli of atlas C4, C5, C6 and head
C-3 – C-6

anterior
tubercles of
the transverse
processes of basilar part of flexion of neck at
longus C1, C2,
the third, the occipital atlanto-occipital
capitis C3/C4
fourth, fifth, bone joint
and sixth
cervical
vertebrae

rectus flexion of neck at

capitis atlas occipital bone C1 atlanto-occipital
anterior joint

upper surface under surface

rectus of the of the jugular Sidebend at
capitis transverse process of C1 atlanto-occipital
lateralis process of the occipital joint
the atlas bone

Lateral
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

scalene cervical first and ascending cervical elevation of ribs

muscles vertebrae second ribs cervical nerves (C3, I&II
artery C4, C5, C6,
(branch of C7
inferior
thyroid
artery)

     anterior C3-C6 first rib ascending ventral When the neck

cervical ramus of is fixed, elevates
artery C5, C6 the first rib to
(branch of aid in breathing
inferior or when the rib
thyroid is fixed, bends
artery) the neck
forward and
sideways and
rotates it to the
opposite side

     medius C2-C6 first rib ascending ventral rami Elevate 1st rib,
cervical of the third rotate the neck
artery to eighth to the opposite
(branch of cervical side
inferior spinal
thyroid nerves
artery)

     posterior transverse 2nd rib ascending C6, C7, C8 Elevate 2nd rib,
processes of cervical tilt the neck to
C4 – C6 artery, the same side
superficial
cervical
artery

levator Posterior Superior part dorsal cervical Elevates

scapulae tubercles of of medial scapular nerve (C3, scapula and tilts
transverse artery C4) and its glenoid
 processes of border of dorsal cavity inferiorly
C1 – C4 scapula scapular by rotating
nerve (C5) scapula

rectus upper under C1

capitis surface of surface of
lateralis the the jugular
transverse process of
process of the occipital
the atlas bone
(C1)

obliquus lateral mass lateral half of suboccipital

capitis of atlas the inferior nerve
superior nuchal line

obliquus spinous
lateral mass suboccipital
capitis process of
of atlas nerve
inferior the axis

Posterior
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

rectus the tubercle the medial a branch of extends the

capitis on the part of the the dorsal head at the
posterior posterior inferior primary neck, but is now
minor arch of the nuchal line division of considered to
atlas (C1) of the the be more of a
occipital suboccipital sensory organ
bone and nerve than a muscle
the surface
between it
and the
foramen
magnum

rectus spinous inferior Dorsal

capitis process of nucheal line ramus of C1
posterior the axis (C2) of the (suboccipital
major occipital nerve)
bone

semispinalis articular occipital greater Extension of the

capitis processes of bone occipital head
C4-C6; between the nerve
transverse superior and
processes of inferior
C7 and T1-T7 nuchal lines

longissimus articular posterior lateral posterior Laterally: Flex

capitis processes of margin of sacral branch of the head and
C4-C7; the mastoid artery spinal nerve neck to the
transverse process same side.
processes of Bilaterally:
T1-T5 Extend the
vertebral
column.

splenius ligamentum Mastoid C3, C4 Extend, rotate,

capitis nuchae, process and laterally flex
spinous the head
 processes of
C7-T6

obliquus lateral mass lateral half suboccipital

capitis of atlas of the nerve
superior inferior
nuchal line

obliquus spinous lateral mass suboccipital

capitis process of of atlas nerve
inferior the axis

Torso
Back
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Ant

erector spinae on the spines both the lateral posterior extends the rec
of the last four spines of the sacral branch of vertebral abd
thoracic most cranial artery spinal nerve column mu
vertebrae thoracic
vertebrae and
the cervical
vertebrae

     iliocostalis lateral
sacral
artery

     longissimus transverse transverse lateral posterior rec

process process sacral branch of abd
artery spinal nerve mu

     spinalis spinous spinous lateral posterior rec

process process sacral branch of abd
artery spinal nerve mu

latissimus dorsi spinous floor of subscapular thoracodorsal pulls the del

processes of intertubercular artery, nerve forelimb tra
thoracic T6- groove of the dorsal dorsally
T12, humerus scapular and
thoracolumbar artery caudally
fascia, iliac
crest and
inferior 3 or 4
ribs

transversospinales transverse spinous posterior

process process branches

     semispinalis transverse spinous

thoracis processes of processes of
(dorsi) the sixth to the upper four
the tenth thoracic and
thoracic lower two
vertebrae
 cervical
vertebrae

     semispinalis transverse cervical

cervicis processes of spinous
(colli) the upper five processes,
or six thoracic from the axis
vertebræ to the fifth

     semispinalis transversal area between greater Extends the

capitis process of superior and occipital head
(complexus) lower cervical inferior nuchal nerve
and higher line
thoracal
columna

     multifidus sacrum, spinous posterior Stabilizes

erector spinae process branch of vertebrae in
aponeurosis, spinal nerve local
PSIS, and iliac movements
crest of vertebral
column

     rotatores transverse spinous posterior

process process branch

interspinales spinous spinous posterior Extension,

process process rami of spinal flexion and
nerves rotation of
vertebral
column.

intertransversarii transverse transverse anterior rami Lateral

process process above of spinal flexion of
nerves trunk

Splenius muscles

     capitis ligamentum Mastoid C3, C4 Extend,

nuchae, process of rotate, and
spinous temporal and laterally
occipital bone
 process of C7- flex the
T6 head

     cervicis spinous transverse C5, C6

processes of processes of
T3-T6 C1, C2, C3

Chest
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

intercostals ribs 1–11 ribs 2–12 intercostal arteries intercostal

nerves

     external intercostal arteries intercostal Inhalation internal

nerves

     internal rib – rib – intercostal arteries intercostal hold ribs external

inferior superior nerves steady
border border

     innermost intercostal arteries intercostal Elevate

nerves ribs

subcostales inner inner intercostal

surface of surface of nerves
one rib the second
or third rib
above, near
its angle

transversus costal ribs/costal intercostal arteries intercostal depresses

thoracis cartilages cartilages nerves ribs
of last 3–4 2–6
ribs, body
of sternum,
xiphoid
process

levatores transverse superior dorsal Assists in

costarum processes surfaces of rami – C8, elevation
of C7 to the ribs T1, T2, T3, of the
T12 immediately T4, T5, T6, thoracic
vertebrae inferior to T7, T8, T9, rib cage
the T10, T11
preceding
vertebrae

Serratus posterior muscles

     inferior vertebrae the inferior intercostal arteries intercostal depress

T11 – L3 borders of nerves the lower
 the 9th ribs,
through aiding in
12th ribs expiration

     superior nuchal the upper intercostal arteries 2nd elevate

ligament borders of through the ribs
(or the 2nd 5th which aids
ligamentum through 5th intercostal in
nuchae) ribs nerves inspiration
and the
spinous
processes
of the
vertebrae
C7 through
T3

diaphragm pericardiacophrenic phrenic respiration

artery, and lower
musculophrenic intercostal
artery, inferior nerves
phrenic arteries

Abdomen
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

transversus ribs and the inserts into intercostal compress the

abdominis iliac crest the pubic nerves T7, T8, ribs and
tubercle via T9, T10, T11, viscera,
the conjoint subcostal providing
tendon, also nerve (T12), thoracic and
known as iliohypogastric pelvic
the falx nerve, stability
inguinalis ilioinguinal
nerve,
genitofemoral
nerve

rectus pubis costal inferior segmentally flexion of erector

abdominis cartilages epigastric by thoraco- trunk/lumbar spinae
of ribs 5–7, artery abdominal vertebrae
xiphoid nerves (T7, T8,
process of T9, T10, T11,
sternum T12)

pyramidalis pubic linea alba subcostal tensing the

symphysis nerve (T12) linea alba
and pubic
crest

cremaster inguinal cremasteric genital branch raise and

ligament artery of lower the
genitofemoral scrotum
nerve

quadratus iliac crest last rib and lumbar anterior Alone, lateral
lumborum and transverse arteries, branches of flexion of
iliolumbar processes iliolumbar T12, L1, L2, vertebral
ligament of lumbar artery L3, L4 column;
vertebrae Together,
depression of
thoracic rib
cage
Oblique muscles

     external Lower 8 Crista iliaca, intercostal Rotates torso

costae ligamentum nerves T5, T6,
inguinale T7, T8, T9,
T10, T11,
subcostal
nerve (T12)

     internal inguinal linea alba, intercostal Compresses

ligament, xiphoid nerves T8, T9, abdomen and
iliac crest process and T10, T11, rotates
and the the inferior subcostal vertebral
lumbodorsal ribs. nerve (T12), column
fascia iliohypogastric
nerve,
ilioinguinal
nerve

Pelvis
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

coccygeus sacrospinous sacral closing in

ligament nerves: S4, the back
S5 or S3-S4 part of the
outlet of the
pelvis

Levator ani

     iliococcygeus ischial spine coccyx and levator supports

and from the anococcygeal ani nerve the viscera
posterior part raphe (S4) in pelvic
of the cavity
inferior
tendinous
rectal
arch of the
nerve
pelvic fascia
from
     pubococcygeus back of the coccyx and pudendal controls
pubis and sacrum nerve (S3, urine flow
from the S4) and
anterior part contracts
coccygeal
of the during
plexus
obturator orgasm
fascia

     puborectalis lower part of S3, S4. inhibit

the pubic levator ani defecation
symphysis nerve

Perineum
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

Sphincter ani

     externus S4 and keep the anal

twigs canal and anus
from closed, aids in
inferior the expulsion of
anal the feces
nerves of
pudendal
nerve

     internus pudendal keep the anal

nerve canal and anus
closed, aids in
the expulsion of
the feces

Superficial perineal pouch

     transversus anterior central pudendal

perinei superficialis part of point of nerve
ischial perineum
tuberosity

     bulbospongiosus median perineal pudendal in males,

raphé artery nerve empties the
urethra; in
females,
clenches the
vagina

     ischiocavernosus perineal pudendal assists the

artery nerve bulbospongiosus
muscle

Deep perineal pouch

     transversus inferior its fellow pudendal

perinei profundus rami of the of the nerve
ischium opposite
side
     sphincter junction of its fellow perineal Constricts
urethrae the inferior of the branch urethra, maintain
membranaceae rami of the opposite of the urinary
pubis and side pudendal continence
ischium to nerve
the extent (S2, S3,
of 1.25– S4)
2 cm., and
from the
neighboring
fasciæ

Upper limbs
Vertebral column
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

trapezius down the at the transverse major nerve retraction Serratus

midline, from shoulders, into cervical supply is the and anterior
the external the lateral artery cranial nerve elevation muscle
occipital third of the XI. cervical of
protuberance, clavicle, the nerves C3 scapula.
the nuchal acromion and C4
ligament, the process and receive
medial part of into the spine information
the superior of the scapula about pain in
nuchal line, this muscle
and the
spinous
processes of
the vertebrae
C7-T12

latissimus spinous floor of subscapular thoracodorsal pulls the deltoid,

dorsi processes of intertubercular artery, nerve forelimb trapezius
thoracic T6- groove of the dorsal dorsally
T12, humerus scapular and
thoracolumbar artery caudally
fascia, iliac
crest and
inferior 3 or 4
ribs

rhomboids nuchal medial border dorsal dorsal Retracts Serratus

ligaments, of the scapula scapular scapular the anterior
spinous artery nerve (C4 and scapula muscle
processes of C5) and
C7-T5 rotates it
vertebrae to
depress
the
glenoid
cavity.
 fixes the
scapula
to the
thoracic
wall.

     rhomboid spinous medial border dorsal dorsal Retracts Serratus

major processes of of the scapula, scapular scapular the anterior
the T2 to T5 inferior to the artery nerve (C4 and scapula muscle
vertebrae insertion of C5) and
rhomboid rotates it
minor muscle to
depress
the
glenoid
cavity. It
also fixes
the
scapula
to the
thoracic
wall.

     rhomboid nuchal medial border dorsal dorsal Retracts Serratus

minor ligaments and of the scapula, scapular scapular the anterior
spinous superior to the artery nerve (C4 and scapula muscle
processes of insertion of C5) and
C7- to T1 rhomboid rotates it
vertebrae major muscle to
depress
the
glenoid
cavity. It
also fixes
the
scapula
to the
 thoracic
wall.

levator posterior superior part dorsal cervical nerve Elevates

scapulae tubercles of of medial scapular (C3, C4) and scapula
transverse border of artery dorsal and tilts
processes of scapula scapular its
C1 – C4 nerve (C5) glenoid
vertebrae cavity
inferiorly
by
rotating
scapula

Thoracic walls
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonis

Clavicular
head: flexes
anterior the humerus
lateral
surface of Sternocostal
pectoral
the medial head:
nerve and
half of the extends the
medial
clavicle. humerus
pectoral branch pectoral
Sternocostal intertubercular As a whole,
pectoralis of the nerve
head: groove of the adducts and
major thoracoacromial Clavicular
anterior humerus medially
trunk head: C5
surface of rotates the
and C6
the sternum, humerus. It
Sternocostal
the superior also draws
head: C7, C8
six costal the scapula
and T1
cartilages anteriorly
and
inferiorly.

stabilizes
medial border the scapula
3rd to 5th and superior Pectoral branch Medial by drawing it
pectoralis ribs, near surface of the of the pectoral inferiorly
minor their costal coracoid thoracoacromial nerves (C8, and
cartilages process of the trunk T1) anteriorly
scapula against the
thoracic wall

subclavian thoracoacromial
nerve to Depresses
subclavius first rib groove of artery, clavicular
subclavius the clavicle
clavicle branch

serratus fleshy slips costal aspect lateral thoracic long protract and Rhomboid
anterior from the of medial artery (upper thoracic stabilize major,
outer margin of the part), nerve (from scapula, Rhomboid
surface of scapula thoracodorsal roots of assists in minor,
upper 8 or 9 artery (lower brachial upward Trapezius
ribs part) rotation
 plexus C5,
C6, C7)

Shoulder
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antag

primarily shoulder
clavicle,
deltoid posterior abduction,
acromion, Latissim
deltoid tuberosity of circumflex Axillary nerve flexion
spine of the dorsi
humerus humeral and
scapula
artery extension

Lower
posterior medial lip of Subscapular
subscapular Internal
aspect of the the and
nerve rotation of
teres major inferior angle intertubercular circumflex
(segmental the
of the sulcus of the scapular
levels C5 and humerus
scapula humerus arteries
C6)

Rotator cuff

supraspinatus supraspinous superior facet suprascapular suprascapular abduction infraspin

fossa of of greater artery nerve of arm teres m
scapula tubercle of and pectora
humerus stabilizes major, a
humerus latissim
dorsi

Lateral
rotation of
suprascapular subscap
middle facet arm &
infraspinous and pectora
of greater suprascapular Adduction
infraspinatus fossa of the circumflex major, a
tubercle of the nerve of arm
scapula scapular latissim
humerus and
arteries dorsi
stabilizes
humerus

posterior
circumflex laterally subscap
inferior facet
lateral border humeral rotates pectora
of greater
teres minor of the artery and the axillary nerve and major, a
tubercle of the
scapula circumflex adducts latissim
humerus
scapular the arm dorsi
artery
subscapularis subscapular lesser tubercle subscapular upper rotates infraspin
fossa of humerus artery subscapular medially and tere
nerve, lower humerus; minor
subscapular stabilizes
nerve (C5, C6) shoulder

Arm

Anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

coracobrachialis coracoid medial brachial musculocutaneous flexes at

process of humerus artery nerve shoulder
scapula joint

biceps brachii short head: radial brachial Musculocutaneous flexes Triceps

coracoid tuberosity artery nerve (Lateral elbow brachii
process of cord: C5, C6, C7) and muscle
the scapula. supinates
long head: forearm
supraglenoid
tubercle

brachialis anterior coronoid radial musculocutaneous flexion at

surface of process recurrent nerve elbow
the humerus, and the artery joint
particularly tuberosity
the distal of the
half of this ulna
bone

Posterior compartment
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

triceps long olecranon Profunda radial extends Biceps

brachii head:Infraglenoid process of brachii nerve forearm, caput brachii
tubercle of the ulna longum muscle
scapula adducts
lateral head: shoulder
posterior
humerus – above
radial grove
medial head:
posterior
humerus-under
radial groove

anconeus Lateral lateral Profunda radial partly blended

epicondyle of the surface of brachii, nerve in with the
humerus the recurrent (C7, C8, triceps, which
olecranon interosseous and T1) it assists in
process and artery extension of
the superior the forearm.
part of the Stabilises the
posterior elbow and
ulna abducts the
ulna during
pronation.

Forearm

Anterior compartment
Superficial
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

humeral
head: medial
epicondyle of
humerus ulnar
(common radius artery pronation of
pronator median Supinator
flexor pronator and forearm, flexes
teres nerve muscle
tendon) tuberosity radial elbow
ulnar head: artery
coronoid
process of
the ulna

Extensor
carpi
medial radialis
Bases of
epicondyle of brevis
second and Flexion and
flexor carpi humerus radial median muscle,
third abduction at
radialis (common artery nerve Extensor
metacarpal wrist
flexor carpi
bones
tendon) radialis
longus
muscle

Extensor
carpi
radialis
medial
brevis,
epicondyle of
Extensor
palmaris humerus palmar ulnar median
wrist flexor carpi
longus (common aponeurosis artery nerve
radialis
flexor
longus,
tendon)
Extensor
carpi
ulnaris

flexor carpi medial pisiform ulnar muscular flexion and Extensor

ulnaris epicondyle of artery branches adduction of carpi
 the humerus of ulnar wrist ulnaris
(common nerve muscle
flexor
tendon)

medial
epicondyle of
the humerus flexor of fingers
flexor (common (primarily at Extensor
phalanges II- ulnar median
digitorum flexor proximal digitorum
V artery nerve
superficialis tendon), as interphalangeal muscle
well as parts joints)
of the radius
and ulna.

Deep
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

pronator medial, lateral, anterior median nerve pronates the Supinator

quadratus anterior anterior interosseous (anterior forearm muscle
surface of surface of artery interosseous
the ulna the radius nerve)

flexor ulna distal anterior median flex hand, Extensor

digitorum phalanges interosseous (anterior interphalangeal digitorum
profundus artery interosseous), joints muscle
muscular
branches of
ulnar

flexor The middle The base Anterior Anterior Flexion of the Extensor
pollicis 2/4 of the of the interosseous interosseous thumb pollicis
longus Volar distal artery nerve (branch longus
surface of phalanx of of median muscle,
the radius the thumb nerve) (C8, Extensor
and the T1) pollicis
adjacent brevis
interosseus muscle
membrane.
(Also
occasionally
a small
origin
slightly on
the medial
epicondyle
of the ulna.)

Posterior compartment

Superficial
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonis

extensor lateral 2nd–5th posterior extension Flexor

digitorum epicondyle phalange interosseous of hand digitorum
(common nerve (C7, and superficial
extensor C8) fingers muscle,
tendon) Flexor
digitorum
profundus
muscle

extensor digiti the anterior extensor posterior posterior extends Flexor digit
minimi portion of the expansion, interosseous interosseous the little minimi
lateral located at artery which nerve (C7, finger at brevis
epicondyle of the base of originates C8) all joints
the humerus the from the
(common proximal common
extensor phalanx of interosseous
tendon) the finger artery and
on the more
dorsal side proximally,
the ulnar
artery

extensor carpi Common 5th ulnar artery posterior extends Flexor carp
ulnaris extensor metacarpal interosseous and ulnaris
tendon nerve (C7, adducts
(lateral C8) the wrist
epicondyle),
ulna

Mobile wad

     brachioradialis Lateral Distal radial radial nerve Flexion

supracondylar radius recurrent of
ridge of the (Radial artery forearm
humerus styloid
process)

     extensor carpi lateral 2nd radial artery radial nerve extensor Flexor carp
radialis longus supracondylar metacarpal at the radialis
ridge wrist muscle
joint,
abducts
the hand
at the
wrist

     extensor carpi humerus at base of the radial artery posterior extensor Flexor carp
radialis brevis the anterior of 3rd interosseus and radialis
lateral metacarpal nerve abductor muscle
epicondyle of the
(common hand at
extensor the wrist
tendon) joint

Deep
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Anta

supinator Lateral Lateral radial posterior supinates forearm Pron

epicondyle proximal recurrent interosseus tere
of the radial shaft artery nerve (C7, Pron
humerus, C8) quad
supinator
crest of
ulna, radial
collateral
ligament,
annular
ligament

extensor ulna index posterior extends index finger,

indicis finger interosseous wrist
(extensor nerve (C7,
hood) C8)

Anatomical snuff box

          abductor ulna, radial first posterior abduction, extension Add

pollicis longus styloid metacarpal interosseous of thumb polli
process nerve (C7, mus
C8)

extensor radius thumb, posterior posterior extension of thumb at Flex

pollicis brevis proximal interosseous interosseous metacarpophalangeal polli
phalanx artery nerve (C7, joint long
C8) mus
Flex
polli
brev
mus

     extensor ulna thumb, posterior extension of the Flex

pollicis longus distal interosseous thumb polli
phalanx nerve (C7, (metacarpophalangeal long
C8) and interphalangeal) mus
Flex
 polli
brev
mus

Hand

Lateral volar

Thenar
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

trapezium
metacarpal
and superficial
opponens bone of the median Opposition of the
transverse palmar
pollicis thumb on its nerve thumb
carpal arch
radial side
ligament

median Extensor
nerve, pollicis
deep longus
flexor trapezoid, thumb, superficial
branch of muscle,
pollicis flexor proximal palmar Flexes the thumb
ulnar Extensor
brevis retinaculum phalanx arch
nerve pollicis
(medial brevis
head) muscle

Radial base of
Transverse
proximal
abductor carpal superficial Adductor
phalanx of Median Abducts the
pollicis ligament, the palmar pollicis
thumb and nerve thumb
brevis scaphoid and arch muscle
the thumb
trapezium
extensors

Transverse
head: anterior
body of the
third
Abductor
metacarpal medial side of
pollicis
Oblique head: the base of
deep adducts the longus
bases of the the proximal deep
adductor branch of thumb at the muscle,
second and phalanx of the palmar
pollicis ulnar carpometacarpal Abductor
the third thumb and arch
nerve (T1) joint pollicis
metacarpals the ulnar
brevis
and the sesamoid
muscle
adjacent
trapezoid and
capitate
bones
Medial volar
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

palmaris flexor palm superficial wrinkle skin of

brevis retinaculum branch of palm
(medial), ulnar
palmar nerve
aponeurosis

Hypothenar

     abductor pisiform base of the ulnar deep Abduction of

digiti minimi proximal artery branch of little finger
phalanx of ulnar
the 5th digit nerve
on the ulnar
or medial
side

     flexor hamate bone little finger ulnar deep flexes little finger extensor
digiti minimi artery branch of digiti
brevis ulnar minimi
nerve muscle

     opponens Hook of Medial border ulnar deep Draws 5th

digiti minimi hamate and of 5th artery branch of metacarpal
flexor metacarpal ulnar anteriorly and
retinaculum nerve (C8 rotates it,
and T1) bringing little
finger (5th digit)
into opposition
with thumb

Intermediate
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

superficial
palmar
arch,
common
deep
palmar
branch flex
flexor digital
extensor of ulnar metacarpophalangeal
lumbrical digitorum arteries,
expansion nerve, joints, extend
profundus deep
median interphalangeal joints
palmar
nerve
arch,
dorsal
digital
artery

Dorsal
metacarpal deep
Palmar
dorsal proximal artery and branch
metacarpals abduct finger interossei
interossei phalanges palmar of ulnar
muscles
metacarpal nerve
artery

deep
palmar proximal branch
metacarpals adduction
interossei phalange of ulnar
nerve

Lower limb
Iliac region
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

iliopsoas iliac fossa femur—lesser medial femoral flexion of hip Gluteus

(iliacus), trochanter femoral nerve, (psoas maximus,
sacrum (psoas circumflex Lumbar major/minor, posterior
(iliacus), spine major/minor), artery, nerves iliacus), spine compartment
(T12, L1, shaft below iliolumbar L1, L2 rotation (psoas of thigh
lumbar lesser artery major/minor)
vertebrapsoas trochanter
major, psoas (iliacus),
minor) [3] tendon of
psoas major
& femur
(iliacus) [3]

     psoas transverse in the lesser Iliolumbar Lumbar flexes and Gluteus

major processes, trochanter of artery plexus via rotates laterally maximus
bodies and the femur anterior thigh
discs of T12- branches
L5 of L1, L2,
L3[4]

     psoas Side of Pectineal line L1 Weak trunk Gluteus

minor T12+L1 and and flexor maximus
IV Disc iliopectineal
between eminence

     iliacus iliac fossa lesser medial femoral flexes hip[5] Gluteus

trochanter of femoral nerve (L2, maximus
femur circumflex L3[4])
artery,
Iliolumbar
artery

Gluteal
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

tensor iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily Superior Thigh –

fasciae latae lateral gluteal flexion,
circumflex nerve (L4, medial
femoral L5) rotation.
artery, Trunk
Superior stabilization.
gluteal
artery

Gluteal muscles

     gluteus Gluteal Gluteal superior inferior external Iliacus,

maximus surface of tuberosity of the and gluteal rotation and Psoas
muscle ilium, lumbar femur, iliotibial inferior nerve (L5, extension of major,
fascia, tract gluteal S1, S2 the hip joint, Psoas
sacrum, arteries nerve supports the minor
sacrotuberous roots) extended
ligament knee
through the
iliotibial
tract, chief
antigravity
muscle in
sitting

     gluteus Gluteal Greater superior superior abduction of lateral

medius surface of trochanter of the gluteal gluteal the hip; rotator
muscle ilium, under femur artery nerve (L4, preventing group
gluteus L5, S1 adduction of
maximus nerve the hip.
roots) Medial
rotation of
thigh.

     minimus Gluteal Greater superior superior Works in lateral

surface of trochanter of the gluteal gluteal concert with rotator
ilium, under femur artery nerve (L4, gluteus group
L5, S1 medius:
 gluteus nerve abduction of
medius. roots) the hip;
preventing
adduction of
the hip.
Medial
rotation of
thigh.

lateral at or below on or near the Inferior Obturator lateral Gluteus

rotator the greater gluteal nerve, rotation of minimus
group acetabulum trochanter of the artery, nerve to hip muscle,
of the ilium femur Lateral the Gluteus
sacral Piriformis, medius
artery, nerve to muscle
Superior quadratus
gluteal femoris
artery

     piriformis sacrum greater Inferior nerve to laterally

trochanter gluteal the rotate
artery, Piriformis (outward)
Lateral (S1 and the thigh
sacral S2 nerve
artery, roots) [6]
Superior
gluteal
artery

     obturator obturator medial aspect obturator posterior adduct

externus foramen and of greater artery branch of thigh, rotate
obturatory trochanter of obturator laterally
membrane femur nerve (L3, thigh
L4)

     obturator Ischiopubic medial aspect Nerve to Abducts &

internus ramus & of the Greater obturator rotates
obturator trochanter internus laterally
membrane thigh, and
 (L5, S1, stabiliser of
S2) the hip
during
walking

     inferior Ischial Obturator Nerve to Rotates

gemellus tuberosity internus tendon Quadratus laterally
femoris thigh
(L4, L5,
S1)

superior spine of the Obturator Nerve to Rotates

gemellus ischium internus tendon obturator laterally
internus thigh
(L5, S1,
S2)

     quadratus ischial intertrochanteric inferior nerve to lateral

femoris tuberosity crest gluteal quadratus rotation of
artery femoris thigh
(L4, L5, -
S1)

Thigh

Anterior compartment
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

articularis femur suprapatellar femoral femoral Pulling the

genus bursa artery nerve suprapatellar
bursa during
extension of the
knee.

sartorius superior to the medial side femoral femoral flexion, lateral

anterior superior of the upper artery nerve rotation and
iliac spine tibia in the abduction of
pes thigh; flexion
anserinus and medial
rotation of leg

quadriceps combined Patella and femoral Femoral Knee extension; Hamstring

femoris rectus femoris Tibial artery nerve Hip flexion
and vastus tuberosity via (rectus femoris
muscles the Patellar only)
ligament

     rectus anterior inferior Patella and femoral femoral knee extension; Hamstring
femoris iliac spine and Tibial artery nerve hip flexion
the exterior tuberosity via
surface of the the Patellar
bony ridge ligament
which forms the
iliac portion of
the acetabulum

     vastus Greater patella and femoral femoral Extends and Hamstring

lateralis trochanter, tibial artery nerve stabilizes knee
Intertrochanteric tuberosity via
line, and Linea the patellar
aspera of the ligament
femur

     vastus antero/ lateral patella and femoral femoral extends knee Hamstring
intermedius femur tibial artery nerve
tuberosity via
 the patellar
ligament

     vastus femur patella and femoral femoral extends knee Hamstring

medialis tibial artery nerve
tuberosity via
the patellar
ligament

Posterior compartment/hamstring
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

biceps femoris long head: the head of inferior long flexes knee Quadriceps
tuberosity the fibula[7] gluteal head: joint, muscle
of the which artery, medial laterally
ischium, articulates perforating (tibial) rotates leg
short head: with the arteries, part of at knee
linea back of the popliteal sciatic (when knee
aspera, lateral tibial artery nerve, is flexed),
femur[7] condyle short extends hip
head: joint (long
lateral head only)[7]
(common
fibular)
part of
sciatic
nerve[7]

semitendinosus tuberosity pes inferior sciatic[7] flexes knee, Quadriceps

of the anserinus gluteal (tibial, L5, extends hip muscle
ischium[7] artery, S1, S2) joint,
perforating medially
arteries rotates leg
at knee[7]

semimembranosus tuberosity Medial profunda sciatic flexes knee, Quadriceps

of the surface of femoris, nerve[7] extends hip muscle
ischium[7] tibia[7] gluteal joint,
artery medially
rotates leg
at knee[7]

Medial compartment
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

adductor pubis femur, tibia obturator adduction of hip

muscles of nerve
the hip

     gracilis inferior pubic tibia (pes obturator anterior adduction of hip,

ramus[8] anserinus) artery branch of flexion of hip,
obturator medial rotation
nerve[8] of knee[8]

     pectineus superior lesser Obturator femoral flexion &

pubic trochanter, artery nerve, adduction of
ramus[8] linea aspera sometimes hip[8]
obturator
nerve[8]

     adductor anterior the lesser obturator anterior adduction of

brevis surface of trochanter artery branch of hip[8]
the inferior and linea obturator
pubic aspera of the nerve[8]
ramus[8] femur

     adductor pubic body middle third obturator anterior adduction &

longus just below of linea artery branch of medial rotation
the pubic aspera obturator of hip[8]
crest nerve[8]

     adductor tuberosity of femur and obturator posterior adduction of

magnus the adductor artery branch of hip[8]
ischium[8] tubercle of obturator
femur nerve
(adductor)
and tibial
part of
sciatic
nerve[8][9]

Leg
Anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

tibialis body of tibia medial anterior Deep dorsiflex and Fibularis

anterior cuneiform tibial Fibular invert the foot longus,
and first artery (peroneal) Gastrocnemius,
metatarsal nerve Soleus,
bones of the Plantaris,
foot Tibialis
posterior

extensor middle dorsal side anterior Deep Extends the big Flexor hallucis
hallucis portion of the of the base tibial Fibular toe and assists longus, Flexor
longus fibula on the of the distal artery (peroneal) in dorsiflexion hallucis brevis
anterior phalanx of nerve of the foot at
surface and the Hallux the ankle. Also
the is a weak
interosseous invertor.
membrane

extensor Lateral Middle and anterior Deep extension of Flexor

digitorum Condyle of Distal tibial Fibular toes and ankle digitorum
longus tibia and phalanges of artery (peroneal) longus, Flexor
superior ¾ of lateral four nerve digitorum
interosseous digits brevis
membrane

fibularis distal anterior dorsal anterior Deep dorsi flexes and

tertius surface of surface of tibial Fibular everts foot
the fibula metatarsal 5 artery (peroneal)
nerve

Posterior compartment
Superficial
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antago

triceps surae achilles posterior tibial nerve plantarflexion

tendon, tibial
calcaneus artery

     gastrocnemius medial and calcaneus sural tibial nerve plantarflexion, Tibialis

Lateral arteries from the flexion of anterio
condyle of the sciatic, knee (minor) muscle
femur specifically,
nerve roots
S1, S2

     soleus fibula, medial tendo sural tibial nerve, plantarflexion tibialis

border of tibia calcaneus arteries specifically, anterio
(soleal line) nerve roots muscle
L5–S2

plantaris lateral tendo sural tibial nerve Plantar flexes Tibialis

supracondylar calcaneus arteries foot and anterio
ridge of femur (medial side, flexes knee muscle
above lateral deep to
head of gastrocnemius
gastrocnemius tendon)

Deep
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

popliteus middle facet posterior tibia popliteal tibial Medial rotation

of the lateral under the artery nerve and flexion of
surface of the tibial knee
lateral condyles
femoral
condyle

tarsal tunnel

     flexor fibula, base of distal Peroneal tibial flexes all joints of Extensor
hallucis posterior phalanx of artery nerve, S1, the Hallux, plantar hallucis
longus aspect of hallux (peroneal S2 nerve flexion of the longus
upper 1/3 branch of roots ankle joint muscle
the
posterior
tibial
artery

     flexor medial tibia distal posterior Tibial Primary action is Extensor

digitorum phalanges of tibial nerve Flex digits digitorum
longus lateral four artery longus,
digits Extensor
digitorum
brevis

     tibialis tibia, fibula navicular, posterior tibial inversion of the Tibialis

posterior medial tibial nerve foot, plantar anterior
cuneiform artery flexion of the foot muscle
at the ankle

Lateral compartment

fibularis muscles:
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

longus fibula first fibular superficial plantarflexion, Tibialis

metatarsal, (peroneal) fibular eversion anterior
medial artery (peroneal) muscle
cuneiform nerve

brevis fibula fifth fibular superficial plantarflexion,

metatarsal (peroneal) fibular eversion
artery (peroneal)
nerve

Foot

Dorsal
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

extensor calcaneus toes deep extends digits 2, Flexor

digitorum peroneal 3, and 4 digitorum
brevis nerve longus,
Flexor
digitorum
brevis

extensor calcaneus base of deep Extension of Flexor

hallucis proximal peroneal hallux hallucis
brevis phalanx of nerve brevis
hallux muscle

Plantar
First layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

abductor medial medial side of medial abducts hallux Adductor

hallucis process of base of plantar hallucis
calcaneus, proximal nerve muscle
flexor phalanx of
retinaculum, first digit
plantar
aponeurosis

flexor medial middle medial flexes lateral four Extensor

digitorum process of phalanges of plantar toes digitorum
brevis calcaneus, digits 2–5 nerve longus,
plantar Extensor
aponeurosis, digitorum
intermuscular brevis
septa

abductor Plantar Fifth toe or lateral lateral flex and abduct Flexor
digiti aponeurosis Phalanges plantar plantar the fifth toe digiti
minimi artery nerve (S1, minimi
S2) brevis
muscle

Second layer
 Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

quadratus Calcaneus Tendons of lateral Assists Flexor

plantae Flexor plantar Digitorum Longus
Digitorum nerve (S1, in flexion of DIP
Longus S2) joints

lumbrical tendons of medial lateral lateral maintain

muscle flexor aspect of plantar plantar extension of
digitorum extensor artery and nerve digits at
longus expansion of plantar (lateral interphalangeal
proximal arch, and three joints
phalanges of four lumbricals)
lateral four plantar and medial
digits metatarsal plantar
arteries nerve (first
lumbrical)

Third layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

flexor medial flex hallux Extensor

hallucis plantar hallucis
brevis nerve longus
muscle

adductor lateral adducts hallux Abductor

hallucis plantar hallucis
nerve muscle

flexor fifth phalanx of lateral extend and Abductor

digiti metatarsal the fifth toe plantar adduct the fifth digiti
minimi bone nerve toe minimi
brevis (superficial muscle
branch)
Fourth layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

dorsal Lateral abduct toes Plantar

interossei plantar interossei
nerve muscles

plantar metatarsals proximal Lateral adduct toes Dorsal

interossei phalanges plantar interossei
nerve of the foot

Innervation overview
Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle
Innervation
Mind Map Showing a summary of Lower Limb
Muscle innervation

See also
Accessory muscle
List of bones of the human skeleton
 List of nerves of the human body

References
1. Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current
topics for teaching skeletal muscle
physiology". Advances in Physiology
Education. 27 (1–4): 171–182.
doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2003 .
ISSN 1043-4046 . PMID 14627615 .
2. John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter
8: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and
muscular systems . New York: Chelsea
House. ISBN 9781604133653.
OCLC 277118444 .
3. exrx.net
4. Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore &
A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page
193
5. Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson,
J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008.
Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text
Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page
200
6. Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore &
A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page
217
7. Gosling 2008, p. 273
8. Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
9. MedicalMnemonics.com: 255
External links
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/Me
dEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/muscles/
muscles.html
https://web.archive.org/web/200909302
03009/http://www.ptcentral.com/musc
les/
http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/
Tutorial and quizzes on skeletal
muscular anatomy
Muscles of human body (also here )

Anatomy qiuz
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body
&oldid=890498225"

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