Thesis 2018 First Sem Painted Islands

ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR
HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC WOES
A Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of the College of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis College
City of San Fernando, La Union
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
by:
Angeliquo M. Aberin
Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara
Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman
Bryan Carl D. Lascota
ENGR. SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR.

Lead researcher
November 2018
i
INDORSEMENT
This research entitled, “ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS
ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC
WOES,” prepared and submitted by Angeliquo M. Aberin, Ferdinand
Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman and Bryan Carl D.
Lascota, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Civil Engineering, has been examined and is recommended
for acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.
This is to further certify that Angeliquo M. Aberin, Ferdinand
Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman and Bryan Carl D.
Lascota are ready for Oral Examination.
SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR., CE

Adviser
This is to certify that the research entitled, “ACCEPTABILITY OF
PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO
ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC WOES,” prepared and submitted by Angeliquo M.
Aberin, Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman
and Bryan Carl D. Lascota, is recommended for Oral Examination.
DANIEL B. PAGUIA, ED. D.

Chairperson
ERIC DAVID C. DELA CRUZ, CE RON JAKE V. UY, CE

Member Member
ii
APPROVAL
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a Rating of
PASSED on NOVEMBER 29, 2018.
DANIEL B. PAGUIA, ED. D.

Chairperson
ERIC DAVID C. DELA CRUZ, CE RON JAKE V. UY, CE

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.
MELVIN R. ESGUERRA, CE
Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis College
City of San Fernando (La Union)
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A successful team is a group of many hands and one mind.
-Bill Bethel
The completion of this work depends upon the cooperation,
coordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. The
group who conducted and accomplished this Research Study I, would
like to express their sincere appreciation and indebtedness for their
remarkable compassion;
They are grateful to Engr. Salvador B. Badiola, their adviser, for
his even willing to give us valuable advice and direction; whenever they
approached him with a problem. They are thankful to him for providing
the opportunity to works on our thesis and also for the suggestions and
recommendations;
Members of the panel, Dr. Daniel B. Paguia, Engr. Eric David C.
Dela Cruz, and Engr. Ron Jake V. Uy, for their honest and intellectual
comments and suggestions for the improvement of this study as well as
for their valuable time and continuous assistance;
To Engr. Leonora F. Quarte, for guiding and updating them on
their pre and post defense, for the consideration and guidance;
To the In-House Language Editor and Statistician, Dr. Amalia
Warlita M. Ibay and Ms. Jhaynee Lou P. Tudayan, for their support
iv
and assistance on the editing and statistical treatment of data of the
entire study;
To the respondents of the City of San Fernando, La Union, they
thank them for being hospitable and for being honest in answering the
survey questionnaires;
To their friends and classmates for being generous in sharing
their ideas for the improvement of their Research I;
To their Families who believed that no matter what happened that
they will accomplish it successfully, and for inspiring and supporting
them all throughout;
And above all, to the Heavenly Father, for bestowing the
researchers knowledge, wisdom, perseverance, and unconditional love.
They have been showered by His blessings and He has shown them the
right path into the success of this study. Without Him, their success
would not be possible.
The Researchers
v
Dedication
It is our genuine gratefulness and warmest regard that we dedicate
this work to our adviser Engr. Salvador B. Badiola Jr. who encouraged
us to study and to work on this research, to our Parents and also to our
Friends.
Angeliquo M. Aberin
vi
RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Title: ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG

MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE
TRAFFIC WOES
Author: ANGELIQUO M. ABERIN

FERDINAND ALEXANDER P. ALCANTARA
PATRICK JEFFREY S. DE GUZMAN
BRYAN CARL D. LASCOTA
Adviser: SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR., CE
Keywords: Accidents, congestion, divisional painted island,
roadway, strategic plan, traffic woes, volume of
traffic, width of the roadway
Abstract: This study was intended to assess the current traffic control
system along McArthur Highway from Brain Heart Center Educational
Institution, Inc. (BHC) to Lingsat in the City of San Fernando, La Union.
Descriptive survey was utilized as method of research for this study.
Data were gathered through survey questionnaires and were treated by
means of percentage, ranking and frequency. A total of 30 respondents
from the city of San Fernando who consisted of vehicle drivers,
commuters and pedestrians, and law enforcing bodies were the sources
of data.
vii
The proposed painted islands were found highly acceptable. The
problems encountered by the field personnel included difficulties in
maintaining the control of traffic in the areas they are assigned to and
the time spent in maintaining the control of traffic became longer. The
road users have experienced heavy traffic during peak hours, have
affirmed that their travel time in reaching their destinations have been
longer as compared 5 years ago, and almost all of them have
experienced being late to an appointment due to traffic. The researchers
used the results to develop the strategic plan for further improvement of
the current traffic control system.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .....................................i
INDORSEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
APPROVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
CHAPTER
I.INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study ...........................1
Conceptual Framework ...........................5
Research Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ix
II. METHOD AND PROCEDURES
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Locale Population and Duration of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Instrumentation and Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Validity of the Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Tools for Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Development of Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Ethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
III. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of McArthur Highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Problems Encountered by the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Development of the Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Strategic plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
x
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Appendix A Letter to Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Appendix B Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Appendix C Detailed Traffic Data per Movement
per Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Appendix D Demographic Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Appendix E Sample Parent’s Consent Waiver. . . . . . . . . . .81
Appendix F Letter for Validation of the Strategic Plan . . . .83
Appendix G Level of Validity and Acceptability of
the Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Appendix H Cost Estimate of Traffic Control System
Strategic Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Appendix I Statistician’s Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Appendix J Language Editing Certification . . . . . . . . . . . 87
DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. No.
1 Peak Hours of the Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2 Distribution of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 Inventory of the Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Average Daily Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Problems Encountered by the Respondents in term
5 of Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Problems Encountered by the Respondents in

6 36
terms of the Occurrence of Accidents . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Rate of Acceptability of Painted Islands in

39
Alleviating Traffic Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 Suggested Places by the Respondents Where 41

Painted Islands are needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 Summary of Rating of the Validators of the . . . . . . 51

Strategic Plan
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Title
No. No.
1 Research Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 Lingsat Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3 Watson Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 McDonalds Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . 28
5 711 Plaza Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . . 28
6 DMMMSU Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . . 29
7 BHC Traffic Volume Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8 Traffic Control System Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . 43
Traffic Control System Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . .

8 44
(Continuation)
8 45
(Continuation)
8 46
(Continuation)
8 47
(Continuation)
8 48
(Continuation)
8 49
(Continuation)
8 50
(Continuation)
xiii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Roads are an ancient connection between people and also
resources from one place to another. Transportation is essential for
safety, efficiency, and community. Road safety depends on how societies
choose to manage transport systems, land use, and urban development
about their overall health and safety objectives and how they are
balanced with economic, social and environmental considerations. The
need for better roadways in response to transportation problems is
connected to the rising population and density of cities (Racioppi, 2004).
Mobility is one of the country’s freedoms because our nation’s
highly developed. An efficient transport system provides the public with a
wide choice of where to live, work, study, and have fun. It also supports
the nation to be a robust and thriving economy with access to raw
materials and finished goods around the world (Peters, 2004).
Traffic congestion refers to traffic flow detained phenomenon
caused by the contradiction between traffic requirement and traffic
capacity. Generally, traffic congestion would occur if the traffic capacity
supplied by traffic facilities is close to or less than the current traffic
demand. In some specific time, the regular bottlenecks will be formed if

2
the traffic demand keeps being beyond the transportation capacity. Such
a case is called regular traffic congestion. Besides, if the actual size
declines because of a temporary event or accident, occasional traffic
congestion is generated (Dong, 2012).
Delivering of finished goods or receiving raw materials or inventory
is sensitive with time. Delays can affect production, delivery and work
schedules, take its toll on the bottom line of the company. It could also
change market demand, where alternative suppliers from across
countries are preferable to provide goods at reliable delivery
schedules. Our traffic situation caused the implementation of different
schemes like, color-coding, truck bans and even contributed to our
ongoing port-congestion problem, all of which has an adverse financial
impact on businesses (Chua, 2015).
Cases on road traffic injuries are a significant but neglected global
public health problem, requiring concerted efforts for effective and
sustainable prevention. Road transport is the most complicated and the
most dangerous of all the systems that people have to deal with daily.
The number of people killed worldwide in road traffic crashes each year
is estimated at almost 1.2 million, while the number harmed could be as
high as 50 million – that when summed up is equal to the population of
five of the world's large cities (Scurfield, 2004).

3
The Philippines also sees worrying figures, with data from the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) as of the year 2006, showing that
the number of fatalities due to road crashes has been increasing.
According to the 2015 latest available data, 10,012 people died due to
road crashes– a 45.76% increase from 6,869 deaths recorded in 2006.
Excluding the National Capital Region, Luzon listed the highest number
of casualties among the three major island groups from 2006 to 2015,
with nearly 50% of deaths occurring here. In 2015, 51.6% of road crash
deaths nationwide – or 5,167 people killed – were recorded in Luzon.
Meanwhile, the percentage of casualties in the National Capital Region
(NCR) has continuously been decreasing since 2011. Road crash deaths
in NCR comprised 7.2% of the total deaths nationwide in 2011, but this
dropped to 4.06% in 2015 (Sy, 2017).
A traffic-control island is an area between traffic lanes, for control
of vehicle movements or pedestrian refuge. Within an intersection area, a
median or an outer separation is considered to be an island. An island
may be fixed by painting, raised bars, mushroom buttons, curbs,
guideposts, pavement edge, or other devices. It should be understood
that islands comprise an essential part of the geometric design of streets
and highways. It should be included in overall projects for construction
because it may have to be installed at an existing intersection to improve
or correct an outdated design (Oldmutcd, 1961).

4
Some places use painted islands as part of their highway geometric
design as a solution to a specific problem in that particular area. The
Department of Transport and Main Roads in Queensland implemented a
technique to improve the safety of road users on the 56km section of the
Bruce Highway from Cooroy to the Wide Bay Highway. It involves painted
median strip along the center of the road to increase the separation
between vehicles traveling in opposite directions and reduce the risk of
head on-crashes (Tyrologos, 2012).
Median refuge islands in Bellevue, Washington are protected
spaces placed in the center of the street to facilitate bicycle and
pedestrian crossings. Crossings of two-way streets are facilitated by
allowing bicyclists and pedestrians to navigate only one direction of
traffic at a time. Medians configured to protect cycle tracks can both
facilitate crossings and also function as two-stage turn queue
boxes (Burden, 2018).
In the Philippines, the divisional painted island is not typical. The
most frequently used are median lane separator paved with concrete.
The proposed areas of study were along McArthur Highway from
BHC to Lingsat in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Many institutions
are along these areas namely; Brain and Heart of a Christian (BHC),
Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center (ITRMC), Don Mariano
Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU), Christ the King College

5
(CKC), Union Christian College (UCC), Town Plaza, Sea & Sky College,
Vineyard, Manna Mall, Lorma College, Saint Louis College (SLC),
Northern Philippines College for Maritime Science and Technology, and
Central Ilocandia College of Science and Technology (CICOSAT) which
accommodates a lot of people moving in and out of these places. Most of
these are the bottleneck in the City of San Fernando, La Union during
peak hours.
The researchers chose to pursue this study because of the
congestion being experienced in the City of San Fernando particularly
along McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat during peak hours.
In the City of San Fernando, divisional painted islands or medians
are needed because of the increasing volume of traffic each year from the
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and increase in population, but the
land area is constant. These will help to control the flow of vehicles,
especially at peak hours to mitigate congestion and the occurrence of
accidents. The researchers want to enhance the geometric road design by
incorporating painted divisional islands in the City of San Fernando as
road widening is challenging to be done.
Conceptual Framework
Road alignment, especially its cross-section factors such as lane
width, lane position, and shoulder width, has a significant impact on

6
driving behavior. Researchers have shown that vehicle speed increases
with the increase in lane and road width, and at the same time, the
lateral position of the vehicle moves towards the outside of the lane.
More full lanes were considered to decrease perceived risk so that
drivers would take risky behaviors, such as acceleration and large lane
deviation. Several studies indicated that narrowing lanes are a measure
to slow down the speed because a narrow road may increase perceived
risk (Liu, 2016).
Road capacity, in general, can be understood as the maximum
possible volume of traffic that can pass through a given road section. The
problem of measuring the amount of such heterogeneous traffic has been
addressed by converting the different types of vehicles into similar
passenger cars and expressing the size in terms of passenger car unit
(PCU) per hour. PCU is the universally adopted unit of measurement of
traffic volume derived by keeping the passenger car as the ‘standard
vehicle.’ Under somewhat similar traffic conditions, the vehicles follow
the traffic lane, and the size or capacity under such circumstances is
expressed in terms of passenger cars per hour per lane. The volume of
traffic has to be represented by taking the whole width of the roadway
into consideration (Karuppanagounder, 2012).

7
Divisional islands are placed longitudinally in road networks to
divide the traffic stream into two or more parts. Divisional islands are
often introduced in advance of an intersection to separate opposing
traffic, to serve as a warning of the crossing, or to provide a turn lane.
They may also be used to separate traffic in the same direction, as when
dividing left-turn traffic in a middle road from the through traffic, or
separating through traffic lanes from an adjacent pavement provided for
local service. Divisional islands may be located to prevent overtaking and
passing at hazardous points, as at sharp curves or narrow underpasses
(Official, 1961).
Traffic congestion hurts the economy (by decreasing productivity)
and the quality of people’s lives. Road users experience delay and stress
and environmental pollution increases (more noise, more emissions, and
more fuel consumption). Rietveld & Shefer (1994) suggest that congestion
might have a positive effect on safety by decreasing the number of
fatalities as speeds decrease. Although this statement seems logical when
looking at the traffic conditions in more detail the impact of congestion
on safety is less apparent. As traffic flow increases and density
approaches its critical value, traffic flow is said to be unstable. Under
these conditions, any small disturbance may lead to crashes. Once the
traffic jam is formed, rear-end collisions may occur at the tail of the
queue due to significant differences in speed (Weijermars, 2010).

8
Accidents can trigger massive traffic congestions imposing huge
external costs and reducing the level of service. Therefore it is evident
that disasters have an impact on congestion. One can argue that
congestion can reduce the high speeds on expressways and as a result of
that the accident rate is reduced. But in a congested road section
vehicles are tightly packed, and as a result of that rear-end collisions,
back-up collisions, as well as side collisions, can occur. It is essential to
analyze the impact on the accidents by congestion so that the
policymakers can implement relevant measures to reduce the external
costs of both accidents and congestion (Anonymous, n.d.).
The input includes all the information needed in doing this study.
The first input to be considered is the road profile of McArthur highway
regarding the width of the roadway, the volume of traffic, and the
existence of divisional islands in the city. Second, the problems
encountered by road users and law-enforcing bodies regarding
congestion and the occurrence of accidents. The third is the acceptability
rate of the painted islands along McArthur highway from BHC to Lingsat.
The process includes the analysis and interpretation of the road
profile of McArthur highway regarding the width of the roadway, volume
of traffic, existence of divisional islands, the problems encountered by the
road users and law-enforcing bodies regarding congestion and

9
occurrence of accidents, and the acceptability rate of the painted islands
along McArthur highway from BHC to Lingsat. It also includes the crafting of
a Strategic Plan for the alleviation of traffic problems.
The output of the study is a validated strategic plan for the
alleviation of traffic problems encountered by the road users in the City
of San Fernando.
10
Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Profile of A. Analysis and

McArthur interpretation of
the following:
highway in terms
of: 1. Profile of
McArthur highway
a. Width of in terms of:
the
a. Width of the
roadway
roadway
b. Volume of b. Volume of
traffic traffic
c. Existence c. Existence of
Validated
of divisional Strategic Plan
divisional islands for the
islands 2. Problems Alleviation of
encountered by Traffic Woes
2. Problems
road users in
encountered by terms of:
road users in
terms of: a. Congestion
b. Occurrence
a. Congestion of Accidents
b. Occurrence 3. Rate of
of acceptability of the
painted islands
Accidents
along McArthur
3. Rate of highway from BHC
acceptability of to Lingsat.
the painted
B. Crafting and
islands along
validating of a
McArthur strategic plan for
highway from the alleviation of
BHC to Lingsat. traffic problems.
11
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to determine the need for divisional painted
islands for traffic woes alleviation in the City of San Fernando, La Union
as the basis of the crafted strategic plan.
The study looked for an answer to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of McArthur highway regarding:
a. the width of the roadway;
b. the volume of traffic; and
c. the existence of divisional islands?
2. What problems are encountered by road users and law enforcing
bodies regarding:
a. congestion; and
b. the occurrence of Accidents?
3. What is the acceptability rate of painted islands along McArthur
highway from BHC to Lingsat?
4. What strategic plan can be crafted and validated to alleviate traffic
woes in the City of San Fernando, La Union?
Assumptions
The study was led by the following assumptions:
1. The profile of McArthur highway in the city was alarming.

12
2. There are problems encountered on traffic by the respondents that
need to be addressed.
3. The painted islands along McArthur Highway were highly
acceptable to the respondents.
4. The strategic plan can be crafted to alleviate traffic woes in the city
along McArthur Highway.
Importance of the Study
The researchers find the following groups of people and sectors to
benefit from the study.
The output of the study can help lessen the problems of traffic
congestion and the occurrence of accidents along McArthur highway in
the City of San Fernando, La Union.
Local Government Officials can use the output of the study to
improve the existing action plan concerning traffic problems.
The Civil Engineering discipline can use the result of the study to
consider painted divisional islands as a tool for alleviating traffic
problems like congestion and the occurrence of accidents.
Researchers improved their skills in crafting a strategic plan. The
study develops their knowledge in solving problems to mitigate traffic
congestion and the occurrence of accidents by using engineering as a
tool from threats affecting the community.

13
Future Researchers can use the study as a basis for conducting
similar experiments and researches. They may also enhance this
research.
Definition of Terms
To show the readers a clearer understanding of this study, the
following terms are operationally defined.
Accidents. It is an unfortunate incident in the roadway that
happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage
or injury.
Congestion. It is a condition on the road that occurs as the use
increases and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and
increased vehicular queuing.
Divisional Painted Island. It is a traffic island that is placed
longitudinally in roadways to divide the traffic stream into two or more
parts.
Profile of McArthur Highway. It is the physical characteristics of
the highway and its extent of service.
The Rate of Acceptability. It is an assessment of how acceptable
is the traffic control system as it is being measured by several
determinants.
Roadway. A comprehensive way leading from one place to another,
especially one with a specially prepared surface that vehicle can use.
14
Strategic plan. It is a systematic process of envisioning the
implementation of traffic islands and developing a plan to achieve it.
Traffic woes. It refers to the problems encountered by the road
users of the City.
Validated Traffic Control Strategic Plan. These are proposed
implementation schemes to be taken to alleviate the problems
encountered by the road users and field personnel for the improvement
of the traffic control system along McArthur Highway from BHC to
Lingsat.
Volume of Traffic. It is the count of vehicles crossing a section of
McArthur Highway per unit time at peak hours.
Width of the Roadway. It is the measurement or extent of the
roadway from the DPWH standards, Executive Order 621, series of
19580, established the minimum width of national roads at (20) meters.

15
CHAPTER II
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
This chapter talks about the research design, sources of data,
instrumentation and data collection and the tools for data analysis.
Research Design
The method that was utilized in this study is a descriptive survey
method to describe, analyze and interpret the need for painted islands to
alleviate traffic problems along McArthur Highway, City of San Fernando,
La Union. Descriptive survey method research is defined as "the
collection of information from a sample of individuals through their
responses to questions" (Ponto, 2015).
The study also used a quantitative approach. Quantitative
methods emphasize statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of
data and objective measurements through questionnaires, polls, and
surveys. Manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational
techniques is possible. It presumes to have an objective approach to
studying research problems, where the input is controlled and measured,
to address the accumulation of facts, and to determine the causes of
behavior. As a consequence, the results of quantitative research may be

16
statistically significant but are often humanly insignificant (Babbie,
2010).
Sources of Data
Locale, Population, and Duration of the Study
The study was conducted along McArthur highway from Brain and
Heart of a Christian (BHC) to Lingsat in the City of San Fernando, La
Union. The area was considered as the bottleneck during peak hours
usually at 6:30-8:30 in the morning, 11:00 a.m.-1:00 in the afternoon,
and 4:00-6:00 p.m. in the early evening.
Table 1. Peak Hours of the Day
Part of the Day Time
Morning 6:30-8:30
Afternoon 11:00-1:00
Early evening 4:00-6:00
The study involved different vehicle drivers, commuters and
pedestrians, and law-enforcing bodies of the identified areas as the
respondents. The respondents are divided into three groups, ten (10)
coming from different vehicle drivers, ten (10) coming from commuters
and pedestrians, and ten (10) coming from law-enforcing bodies that
pass/assigned along the identified area with an immersion of 5 years or

17
more. The researchers considered different drivers, commuters and
pedestrians, and law-enforcing bodies as our respondents because they
are the one who is affected and can assess the current situation of traffic
along the identified area.
Table 2. Distribution of Respondents
Respondents No. of Respondents
Law-enforcing body 10
Vehicle Drivers 10
Commuters and Pedestrians 10
Total 30
Data saturation was the sampling technique used in the
determination of respondents. Theoretical saturation of data means that
it already reaches a point where in their analysis of data that sampling
more data will not lead to more information related to their research
questions. The respondents were chosen in random. The study was
conducted from October 2018 to November 2018.
Instrumentation and Data Collection
The profile of the McArthur Highway (Manila North Road) was
established and supported based on the gathered information from the
interview of different agencies. The agencies concerned are as follows:

18
Local Government of the City of San Fernando, La Union, Department of
Public Works and Highways Regional Office, Department of Public Works
and Highways (DPWH) La Union Engineering District 1, Philippine
National Police Provincial Office La Union. The profile of the McArthur
Highway is composed of the width of the roadway, the volume of the
traffic (Average Annual Daily Traffic), and the existence of divisional
islands. The traffic count was done by the researchers to gather the data
of traffic volume at peak hours only.
In determining if there is a need for divisional painted islands for
alleviating traffic woes; a survey questionnaire was administered to the
respondents. The survey questionnaire consists of the problems
encountered by road users and law-enforcing bodies in terms of
congestion and the occurrence of accidents, their knowledge about
painted islands, and their suggested places where this painted islands
can be located.
Validity of the Questionnaire
The questionnaire was evaluated and validated by three experts in
the fields of Transportation, Civil Engineering, and English. It means that
the questionnaire is valid and acceptable in assessing the need for
divisional painted islands as it assures that the research tool can

19
accurately tap into the various aspects of the specific constructs in
question.
Tools for Data Analysis
For the problems encountered by road users and law-enforcing
bodies, the responses of the respondents were tallied and assessed
accordingly using frequency, ranking, and percentages.
Development of the Strategic Plan
Based on the problems encountered by the respondents of the City
of San Fernando, La Union, issues with high percentages were used as
bases in crafting the strategic plan. The remaining items were also
considered as well as the suggestions were given by the respondents.
The traffic control system strategic plan consists of the areas to be
improved, status, strategy, and time frame, persons/agencies involved or
responsible for the actions, logistics, and proof of verification needed for
the implementation of the proposed activities.
The strategic plan was validated by experts in Civil Engineering,
Transportation Engineering, and English to assess its applicability and
acceptability.
Ethical Considerations
Adequate measures and procedures were practiced by the
researchers to uphold the values of a morally responsible person.

20
Before conducting any survey, formal interviews, permissions were
taken from the local government units that they will allow and support
the fulfillment of this research. The researchers have worn their school
uniforms together with their Identification Cards (ID’s) for the
respondents to identify them before floating the questionnaires.
Before any approach, the researchers first stated their names, the
school they are currently studying in, the course they are currently
enrolled with, and the purpose of the study to the respondents. They also
toned down their voice when talking to the selected respondents to show
respect and humility.
The research was exposed to some ethical issues. All participants
have given their consent to partake and have been informed of the
objectives of the study and that the investigation is voluntary and they
are free to refuse it at any point and for any reason. The researchers
guaranteed the confidentiality of the participants. They were also assured
that providing information will not be made available to anyone who is
not involved in the study. All participants were not harmed or abused,
both physically and psychologically.
In the process of interviewing and conducting a survey, the
researchers used a survey questionnaire that was validated by the
experts before administering the study.

21
In the distribution of questionnaires, the participants were not
forced to answer and that they were reassured that their answers were
used only for academic purposes and their personal information will not
be known to others. Also, the researchers and the questionnaire did not
use any offensive words in obtaining the data from the participants. In
addition to this, the researchers attempted to create and maintain a
comfortable atmosphere towards the participants.
The sources of the gathered data, information, authors, and
references that were used in this study were acknowledged and
recognized to avoid plagiarism.

22
CHAPTER III
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the treatment of the gathered data. It
includes the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data
collected from the study. The data presented were classified and analyzed
according to the order of the specific problems of the study.
Profile of McArthur Highway
The profile of the McArthur Highway (Manila North Road) was
established and supported based on the gathered information from the
interview of different agencies. The agencies concerned are as follows:
Local Government of the City of San Fernando, La Union, Department of
Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Regional Office, Department of
Public Works and Highways (DPWH) La Union Engineering District 1,
Philippine National Police Provincial Office La Union. The profile of the
McArthur Highway is composed of the width of the roadway, the volume
of the traffic (Average Annual Daily Traffic), and the existence of
divisional islands.
The following tables present the information and data to gain a
clear description of the profile of McArthur Highway along the width of

23
the roadway, traffic volume, and existence of the divisional painted
island.
Width of the Roadway
Table 3 presents the estimated width of the roadway from BHC to
Lingsat. It also shows the classification and the type of pavement for all
roads.
Looking further in the Table, the points along MacArthur Highway
have 12.7-16.50 meters width. However, Executive Order 621, series of
1980, states that national roads shall have the right of way of not less
than twenty (20) meters, provided, that such minimum width may be
reduced at the discretion of the Minister of Public Highways to fifteen
(15) meters in highly urbanized areas. A right of way of at least sixty (60)
meters shall be reserved for roads constructed through unpatented
public land and at least one hundred twenty (120) meters reserved
through naturally forested areas of aesthetic or scientific value (Marcos,
1980). Thus, the data imply that the Executive Order is not properly
implemented by the implementing agency, DPWH of the City of San
Fernando.
24
Table 3. Inventory of the Study Area
Points along Classification Estimated Road Type of

McArthur Highway Width (m) Pavement
Lingsat National 13.40 Concrete w/ AO
Watson National 15.80 Concrete w/ AO
McDonalds National 16.50 Concrete w/ AO
711 Plaza National 15.80 Concrete w/ AO
DMMMSU-MLUC National 12.70 Concrete w/ AO
BHC National 12.70 Concrete w/ AO
Traffic Volume
The figures 2 to 7 show the vehicular traffic count data per station.
Traffic data are distributed, covering vehicle movements going North and
South only within the intersections. These traffic data are taken during
peak hours from 6:30 am to 8:30 am, 11:00 am to 1:00 pm, and 4:00 pm
to 6:00 pm. Detailed traffic data per movement per station are found in
Appendix C page 74.

25
Table 4. Average Daily Traffic
Time of the Day Average Daily Traffic
6:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. 1865 veh./hr.
11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. 1686 veh./hr.
4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. 1665 veh./hr.
As can be seen from Table 4 the average daily traffic along
McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat are; 1865 veh/hr in the
morning, 1686 veh/hr at noon time, and 1665 veh/hr in the early
evening. Most of the road users that are going to school and work make
up the volume of traffic in the morning so as expected more vehicle pass
along the area of study during 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. as reflected on
Table 4. During 11:00 a.m.to 1:00 p.m., traveling vehicles and fetchers of
students makes up the volume of traffic while during 4:00 p.m. to 6:00
p.m. where students and employees are on their way home which makes
up the volume of traffic in the afternoon. This shows that there are more
vehicles in the morning than in the evening. It implies that traffic
congestion in the morning is more massive than in the afternoon and in
the early evening.
The data imply that the Vehicular Traffic Volume Count is
considerably large. Given that the population is increasing, but the land
26
area is constant, thus, becoming a congested city. It is then implied that
the demand for transportation and its facilities are also growing;
development and improvement of the traffic control system in the City is
a priority.
27
Figure 2: Lingsat Traffic Volume Distribution

700
Traffic volume (veh/hr)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
Figure 3: Watson Traffic Volume Distribution

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
28
Figure 4: McDonalds Traffic Volume Distribution

600
500
400
300
200
100
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
Figure 5: 711 Plaza Traffic Volume Distribution

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
29
Figure 6: DMMMSU-MLUC Traffic Volume Distribution

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
Figure 7: BHC Traffic Volume Distribution

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
LEGEND: GOING SOUTH
GOING NORTH
30
Existence of Divisional Painted Island
Divisional Painted Islands are currently not present in the City of
San Fernando, La Union. It was affirmed by Engr. Jhamali C. Pangcatan
of DPWH and noted that only elevated islands are present in the city.
There were no studies on painted islands that were conducted in the city,
according to him; the reason is that the roads are narrow in terms of its
width that is why painted islands are not suitable along the highway.
Even though divisional painted islands are not commonly used in
the country, some other countries made use of it as a solution to their
traffic problems. One of which is in Queensland where the Department of
Transport and Main Roads implemented a technique to improve safety on
the 56km section of the Bruce Highway from Cooroy to the Wide Bay
Highway. It involves painted median strip along the center of the road to
increase the separation between vehicles traveling in opposite directions
and reduce the risk of head on-crashes (Tyrologos, 2012).
There is also another one in Bellevue, Washington median refuge
islands where protected spaces placed in the center of the street to
facilitate bicycle and pedestrian crossings. Crossings of two-way streets
are facilitated by allowing bicyclists and pedestrians to navigate only one
direction of traffic at a time. Medians configured to protect cycle tracks

31
can both facilitate crossings and also function as two-stage turn queue
boxes (Burden, 2018).
Problems Encountered by the Respondents
Congestion
The following tables exhibit the issues experienced by the
respondents during peak hours along the McArthur highway. The two
major areas considered were congestion and the occurrence of accidents.
Table 5 shows the problems encountered by the respondents
regarding congestion in terms of difficulty, time, experiences,
convenience, and being late to an appointment.
Based on the collective result of Table 5, 60% of the field personnel
have difficulties in maintaining the control of traffic in the areas they are
assigned to, while the remaining 40% of them did not feel the problem
because they were assigned along the signalized intersections. The time
spent by field personnel in maintaining the control of traffic have been
longer as it was affirmed by 60% of them, the 40% remaining were
assigned in the signalized intersections. It was noted that the increase in
the number of vehicles was the main contributing factor in having
difficulties of maintaining the control of traffic and having the field
personnel cover extra time in their duties even if there are an adequate
number of field personnel.

32
The same Table shows that 100% of the drivers experienced heavy
traffic during peak hours. One hundred percent also of the drivers
affirmed that their travel time in reaching their destinations became
longer as compared five years ago being late to an appointment due to
traffic, with a percentage of 90. This implies that congestion is a problem
among vehicle drivers. The drivers noted that an increase in vehicles and
turning at congested points had been the reason for traffic.
It can be noticed from the same Table that 80% of the commuters
and pedestrians experienced heavy traffic and their travel time became
longer compared five years ago. The 20% remaining affirmed that they
observed proper time management to avoid being stock on the traffic.
90% of the commuters and pedestrians experience being late and to the
point that even their conveniences were already affected. The remaining
10% observed time management to avoid being late to an appointment
and starts the day not being stressed and haggard.
The finding implies that there are problems encountered by the
respondents regarding congestion along McArthur Highway from BHC to
Lingsat that affects their quality of life which requires a more quality
traffic control. Almost all of them were affected which is alarming as it
may lead to the risk of road users on traffic. According to the jeepney
drivers, they adjust through time, unlike before that they can have ten
33
trips in a day, now only five trips in a day because of traffic congestion in
the city. According to the commuters, some of them also adjust their
time on traveling, instead of 1 hour allotted time, they made it 1 hour
and 30 minutes, yet they are still just on time. Proper traffic control
should be observed along McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat with
an adequate implementation of traffic rules in the city since based on the
respondents, most of them were affected by traffic congestion.
Table 5. Problems Encountered by the Respondents in terms of
Congestion
1. FIELD PERSONNEL
Easy Difficult
Traffic Control 40% 60%
Shorter Longer
Time spent on the job 40% 60%
2. ROAD USERS
2.1 DRIVERS
Yes No
Experience Heavy Traffic 100% 0%
Being "late" in an appointment 90% 10%

Shorter Longer
Travel Time 0% 100%

34
2.2 COMMUTERS AND PEDESTRIANS

Yes No
Experience Heavy Traffic 80% 20%
Being "late" in an appointment 90% 10%
Affects personal convenience 90% 10%
Shorter Longer
Travel Time 20% 80%
Occurrence of Accidents
Table 6 presents the problems encountered by the respondents
regarding the event of accidents in terms of vehicular accidents,
experiences, and occurrence of these.
At some point, accidents also contribute to the traffic. It can be
seen from Table 6 that 60% of the field personnel affirmed that there is
more than ten times occurrence of accidents along McArthur Highway
from BHC to Lingsat; the remaining 40% confirmed that they could not
remember how many accidents had happened. There are 90% of the field
personnel experienced problems along the highway vehicle rear-end
collision and sideswipe collision accidents. This implies that most of the
accidents along the area of study are due to vehicle-vehicle accidents.
Because of heavy traffic vehicles are closely spaced therefore rear-end
collision is at high risk and also with sideswipe collision of vehicles.

35
Sometimes sideswipe collision is caused by overtaking of cars on the
highway. Vehicle to pedestrian accidents and single car accidents with a
percentage of 80 and 50 respectively, were observed by the law enforcing
bodies and policemen. According to the respondents, a vehicle to
pedestrian and single car accidents happen at night time where vehicle
drivers ability to maneuver is not restricted by traffic.
According to a study “Fatal Road Traffic Accidents among Young
Children,” hit and run, or vehicle to a pedestrian type of accidents
occurred 59.3%. This type of accident is common traffic accident along
highways (Signh, n.d.).
The same Table illustrates that almost all the road users
experienced and or witnessed an accident along the area of study as
affirmed by 90% of both drivers and commuters. It implies that the
occurrence of accidents along McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat is
a traffic problem. These problems are caused by the increase in vehicles
passing the area and reckless drivers who irresponsibly turn in lanes,
overtakes other vehicles and fast maneuvers.

36
Table 6. Problems Encountered by the Respondents in terms of the
Occurrence of Accidents
1. FIELD PERSONNEL
More than 10 times Less than 10 times

Occurrence of road accidents 60% 40%
Vehicular Accidents
Vehicle rear-end collision 90%
Side impact collision 40%
Vehicle rollover 30%
Sideswipe collision 90%
Head-on collision 20%
Single car accident 50%
Multiple vehicle pileups 30%
Vehicle to a pedestrian accident 80%
2. ROAD USERS
2.1 DRIVERS
Yes No
Experienced/ witnessed an 90% 10%
accident from the highway
2.2 COMMUTERS AND PEDESTRIANS
Yes No
Experienced/ witnessed an 90% 10%
accident from the highway
37
Rate of Acceptability of Painted Islands
Table 7 represents the rate of acceptability of the proposed painted
islands in the City of San Fernando, La Union along McArthur Highway
from BHC to Lingsat; and the opinion of those who agreed on what
purposes these painted islands may help.
It can be seen from Table 7 that the proposed painted islands have
been approved therefore accepted by 93.33% of the respondents,
including the field personnel, drivers and commuters believing that the
painted islands can help in alleviating congestion and occurrence of
accidents. The remaining 6.67% of the respondents dissented for the
reason that it cannot be implemented because the road width is not
enough to sustain the divisional painted islands.
The same Table shows that the proposed painted island will
significantly contribute to the protection of pedestrians and control of
vehicles as it was agreed by 70% of the pro-painted island respondents.
The proposed painted island will greatly help in separating left-turning
vehicles, prevention of overtaking and smoothing traffic at higher
operating speeds with 56.67%, 53.33%, and 53.33% of the pro-painted
island respondents respectively. 50% of pro-painted island respondents
believed that the proposed painted island could help in traffic separation
and intersection warning. Based on the answers of the respondents on

38
what can be the purpose of these divisional painted islands if it will be
implemented soon are based on what is their common knowledge about
painted islands. If they will be exposed to it and adequately informed
about it, they can be changing their answers regarding the purpose of
these painted islands.
Protection and control is the most common purpose of divisional painted
islands and got the highest percentage of 70, as it can serve as a control
of vehicle movements or pedestrian refuge and located to prevent
overtaking and passing at hazardous points, as at sharp curves or
narrow underpasses. Separating of left-turning vehicles is the next most
common for the respondents as it has a percentage of 56.63 because this
type of island is used at intersections to separate the cars that will turn
left to the vehicles that will go straight. And many other purposes of
divisional painted islands that may help our traffic problem in the City of
San Fernando, La Union.

39
Table 7. Rate of Acceptability of Painted Islands in Alleviating Traffic
Problems
ALL RESPONDENTS
Yes No
Acceptability of the divisional 93.33% 6.67%

painted islands
PURPOSES (those who agree only)
Traffic separation 50%
Intersection warning 50%
Turn lane 40%
Prevention of overtaking 53.33%
Protection and control 70%
Separating left turning vehicles 56.67%
Smooth traffic at higher operating speeds 53.33%
Others 3%
Table 8 shows the suggested areas of the pro-painted islands
respondents along the field of study.
It can be noticed from Table 8 that the respondents were asked to
suggest areas in which the painted islands could be useful in mitigating
traffic congestion and accidents. The respondents can indicate more than
one area. Thus the percentages were taken from the total number of
40
respondents. 40% of the respondents suggested BHC area while 36.67%
of the respondents have suggested 711 plaza, and SLC area to have
painted islands. According to the 40% who suggested BHC area, most of
them from the south going north, they experienced heavy traffic along
BHC area caused by the vehicles going in and out the street. They
believed that these divisional painted islands may help in alleviating
traffic problems in that area by separating left turning vehicles and
control of traffic. Also, 36.67% of the pro-painted island respondents
suggested 711 Plaza and SLC. Same with BHC traffic problem was
experienced along 711 Plaza, the vehicle entering the narrow street
before the intersection causes a traffic jam. They suggested that these
painted islands can serve as a separation of left-turning vehicles and
protecting and controlling traffic. Road users experienced congestion
along SLC especially at peak hours because many vehicles come in and
out of the school which causes traffic on the highway, the respondents
suggested this area so that there will be a separation of left-turning
vehicles as well traffic control.

41
Table 8. Suggested Places by the Respondents Where Painted Islands are
needed
Pts. along McArthur Highway f % Ranking
BHC 12 40% 1
711 Plaza 11 36.67% 2.5
DMMMSU-MLUC 9 30% 3
Lorma College 4 13.33% 5.5
SLC 11 36.67% 2.5
CKC High school 4 13.33% 5.5
Pagdaraoan 2 6.67% 7
Monumento 4 13.33% 5.5
ITRMC 5 16.67% 4
Partas Terminal 3 10% 6
Monterey 4 13.33% 5.5
Development of the Strategic Plan
Rationale
The proposed Traffic Control System Strategic Plan was formulated
based on the results of the study. The steps considered in the crafting of
traffic control system strategic plan consist of setting areas of concern,
determination of the appropriate strategies to be taken in order to

42
address the problems, agencies/persons involved for the implementation
of the identified areas of interest, and time frames for the implementation
of the actions to be taken. Proof of verification was also included to
assure and measure the success of the identified steps to be performed.
The Traffic Control System Strategic Planning is a long range that sets
out the objectives, proposals, and priorities for transportation. It seeks to
increase the accessibility and mobility options available for commuters
and drivers alike.
General Objective
The primary objective of the Development of Traffic Control System
Strategic Plan was to alleviate traffic problems along McArthur Highway
from BHC to Lingsat that road users and law enforcing bodies
experience.
Figure 8. Traffic Control System Strategic Plan
LOGISTICS
AREAS OF PERSONS/ PROOF OF
STATUS STRATEGY TIME
CONCERN AGENCIES RESOURCES ESTIMATED VERIFICATION
FRAME
INVOLVED NEEDED COST
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY ROAD USERS
Providing
different Department of Traffic signs P40000 or Conduct a
traffic signage Public Works more site
for the smooth and Highways investigation
flow of traffic regarding
heavy traffic
Informing the experience of
1. Experienced 90% of the road users Land Tarpaulins P50000 or road users.
heavy traffic total and field Immediate Transport- containing more Project
along respondents personnel ation Office peak hour document-
McArthur answered about the information ations
Highway “yes” peak hours of and other
from BHC to the day Office of the visual aids
Lingsat through Public Safety
public posters
or bulletins,
and free
seminars.
Providing Department of Paints and P80000 or Project

efficient Public Works equipment more document-
pedestrian and Highways ations
lanes to avoid
jaywalking
43
Figure 8. (Continuation)
Traffic Control System Strategic Plan
LOGISTICS
STATUS STRATEGY
CONCERN TIME FRAME AGENCIES RESOURCES ESTIMATED VERIFICATION
Refurbishing Department Paints and P200000 or Project

of existing of Public equipment more document-
pavement Works and ations
markings Highways
Conduct a
Conducting a Transport- Past studies None site
further study ation and records investigation
for the Engineers regarding
development Immediate heavy traffic
and establish- experience of
ment of road users.
divisional Project
painted document-
islands ations
Setting up of Department Paints and P500000 or Project

divisional of Public equipment more document-
painted Works and ation
islands. Highways
44
LOGISTICS
STATUS STRATEGY
Informing the Land Tarpaulins P50000 or

road users Transport- containing more
and field ation Office peak hour’s
personnel information
about the and other
peak hours of Office of the visual aids.
the day Public Safety
2. Travel time 90% of the total through
became respondents public posters Project
longer. answered it is or bulletins, Immediate document-
“longer” and free ations
seminars.
Providing Department
efficient of Public Paints and P80000 or
pedestrian Works and equipment more
lanes to avoid Highways
jaywalking
45
PERSONS/ LOGISTICS
AREAS OF STRATEGY AGENCIES PROOF OF
STATUS TIME FRAME RESOURCES ESTIMATED
CONCERN VERIFICATION
Providing Department Traffic signs P40000 or

different of Public more Conduct a
traffic signage Works and site
for the smooth Highways investigation
heavy traffic
experience of
Informing the Land road users.
3. Been late in 90% of the road users Transport- Tarpaulins P50000 or Project
an appoint- total and field Immediate ation Office containing more document-
ment respondents personnel peak hour ations
answered about the information
“yes” peak hours of Office of the and other
the day Public Safety visual aids
through
public posters
or bulletins,
and free
seminars.
Providing Department Paints and P80000 or Project

pedestrian of Public equipment more document-
lanes to avoid Works and ations
jaywalking Highways
46
PERSONS/ LOGISTICS
Providing Department Traffic signs P40000 or

different of Public more Conduct a
traffic signage Works and site
for the smooth Highways investigation
heavy traffic
experience of
Informing the Land road users.
road users Transport- Tarpaulins P50000 or Project
4. Affects 90% of the and field ation Office containing more document-
personal total road personnel Immediate peak hour ations
convenience users about the information
answered peak hours of Office of the and other
“yes” the day Public Safety visual aids
through
public posters
or bulletins,
and free
seminars.

pedestrian of Public equipment more document-
lanes to avoid Works and ations
jaywalking Highways
47
PERSONS/ LOGISTICS
Conducting a Transport- Past studies None Conduct a

further study ation and records survey
for the Engineers regarding the
development effectiveness
90% of the total and of the study
respondents establishment
answered this of divisional
5. Occurrence kind of accident painted
of vehicle is commonly islands. Immediate
rear end occurring
collision along McArthur Department Paints and P500000 or Project
Highway from Setting up of of Public equipment more document-
BHC to Lingsat divisional Works and ations and
painted Highways reports
islands.
Providing Department Traffic signs P80000 or Project

different of Public more document-
traffic signage Works and ations and
to avoid Highways reports
accidents
48
PERSONS/ LOGISTICS
Conducting a Transport- Past studies None Conduct a

further study ation and records survey
for the Engineers regarding the
development effectiveness
and of the study
establishment
6. Occurrence 90% of the total of divisional
of side respondents painted
swipe answered “yes” islands. Immediate
collision
Department Paints and P500000 or Project

Setting up of of Public equipment more document-
divisional Works and ations and
painted Highways reports
islands.
49
LOGISTICS
STATUS STRATEGY

efficient of Public equipment more document-
pedestrian Works and ations
lanes to avoid Highways
jaywalking
Providing
different Department Traffic signs, P40000 or
traffic signage of Public safety more Conduct a
for safety of Works and precautions survey
7. Occurrence 80% of the total pedestrians Highways regarding
of vehicle to respondents Immediate safety of road
pedestrian answered “yes” Conducting a users
accident further study
for the Transport- Past studies None
development ation and records Conduct a
and Engineers survey
establishment regarding the
of divisional effectiveness
painted of the study
islands.
Setting up of Department Paints and P500000 or Project

divisional of Public equipment more document-
painted Works and ations and
islands. Highways reports
50
51
Level of Validity and Acceptability of the Strategic Plan
The strategic plan was validated by experts in Civil Engineering,
Transportation Engineering, and English to assess its applicability and
acceptability. Based on the evaluation, the strategic plan has a grand
mean of 4.24 which has a descriptive equivalent of high validity. It means
that the traffic control system strategic plan is highly valid and
applicable in addressing the problems encountered by the respondents
along McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat as well as to alleviate
traffic problems.
POINT STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT

SCALE RANGE RATING (DER)
5 4.51-5.00 Very High Validity (VHV)

4 3.51-4.50 High Validity (HV)
3 2.51-3.50 Moderate Validity (MV)
2 1.51-2.50 Poor Validity (PV)
1 1.00-1.50 Very Poor Validity (VPV)
Table 9. Summary of Ratings of the Validators of the Strategic Plan
Indicators Validators
I. Face 4 4 5
II. Content
A. Functionality 3 4 5
B. Acceptability 4 4 5
C. Appropriateness 2 4 5
D. Timeliness 4 4 4
E. Implementability 5 4 5
F. Sustainability 5 4 5
Weighted Mean 3.86 4.00 4.86
Grand Mean 4.24
Result High Validity
52
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the problems of the study,
the findings from the data gathered, the conclusions formulated from the
findings, and the recommendations based on the findings and the
conclusions of the study.
Summary
This study was intended to assess the current traffic control
system along McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat in the City of San
Fernando, La Union as a basis for a validated strategic plan to alleviate
congestion and the occurrence of accidents for road users and law-
enforcing bodies. The study looked into the profile of the McArthur
Highway from BHC to Lingsat in terms of its width of the roadway,
volume of traffic, and existence of painted islands; the problems
encountered by road users in terms of congestion and the occurrence of
accidents; and the rate of acceptability of painted islands along McArthur
highway from BHC to Lingsat to be able to craft a traffic control system
strategic plan to alleviate traffic problems.
Descriptive survey method of research was utilized for this study.
Data saturation was the sampling technique used in the determination of

53
respondents. Theoretical saturation which the researchers reach a point
in the analysis of data that will not lead to more information related to
their research questions. A total of thirty (30) respondents which consist
of ten (10) law-enforcing bodies, ten (10) different vehicle drivers, and ten
(10) commuters and pedestrians. The data were gathered through the
use of a survey questionnaire. The road users and law-enforcing bodies
of the City were the respondents. Frequency, ranking, and percentage
were the statistical tools used to treat the data. The study was conducted
from October 2018 to November 2018.
Findings
The following are the findings of the study:
1. Profile of McArthur Highway from BHC to Lingsat
The width of the roadway is ranging from 12.70-16.50
meters. Average annual daily traffic was noted to be 1865 veh/hr
in the morning, 1686 veh/hr in the afternoon, and 1665 veh/hr in
the early evening using manual counting. There are no painted
islands that exist along the highway.
2. Problems Encountered by Road Users and Field Personnel
a. Congestion
54
The problems encountered in terms of congestion by
road users are; experience heavy traffic, longer travel time,
being late in an appointment, and personal inconvenience;
difficulty in control of traffic and longer time spent on the job
for the field personnel.
b. Occurrence of Accidents
The common vehicular accidents encountered by the
field personnel are; vehicle rear-ends collision, sideswipe
collision, a vehicle to pedestrian accidents, and single car
accidents. 90% of the road users experienced and witnessed
an accident along the highway.
3. Rate of Acceptability of Painted Islands
Overall, 93.33% of the respondents accepted the proposed
painted islands to alleviate traffic problems along McArthur
highway from BHC to Lingsat.
4. Based on the findings, the researchers crafted a Traffic Control
System Strategic Plan to alleviate traffic problems along McArthur
Highway from BHC to Lingsat.

55
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. The City of San Fernando, La Union, can make use of painted
islands since the road width is narrow and it accommodates a
large volume of traffic which road widening is difficult to do.
2. The traffic control system of the city needs improvement.
3. Divisional Painted Islands will be acceptable for the road users
and field personnel of the City.
4. The proposed Traffic Control System Strategic Plan is a priority.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn for this study, the following
recommendations were made:
1. Divisional Painted Islands should be used to help in alleviating
the problems in the current traffic control system in the City.
2. The suggested areas should implement and use the traffic
control system strategic plan crafted by the researchers.

56
3. The LGU public safety officers should establish necessary
policies and regulations in the operation of their traffic control
system.
4. There should be a firmer implementation of the traffic
ordinances like imposing a higher penalty to reduce the number of
violators.
5. The Department of Public Works and Highways should conduct
a study regarding the expansion of the width of the shoulder or
adding lanes in the road and create it if it is possible.
6. LGU-operators, field personnel, and representatives of road
drivers should conduct quarterly meetings to solve different
problems encountered in the City.
7. Public information regarding peak hours and bottleneck areas
should be posted through tarpaulins, or any visual aids were
everyone can see it.
8. Training and seminars should be conducted especially to the
persons involved in the implementation of divisional painted
islands.
9. Free seminars should be conducted for road users to raise their
awareness regarding the traffic control system and traffic safety.

57
10. Tricycles should have a certain point which is not located in a
hazardous or congested zone for turning after picking or dropping
off their passenger.
11. A speed limit of vehicles in hazardous points should be
implemented.
12. A further study should be conducted to forecast the future
travel demand of the City.
13. Monthly inspection on the visibility of divisional painted
islands should be performed, and if there are problems, immediate
solutions should be executed.
14. A further study should be conducted to evaluate the traffic
scheme, and travel behavior of road users for the Divisional
Painted Islands to provide the City a more efficient, faster and safer
traffic control system.

58
REFERENCES
List of Sources
(1961). Retrieved October 22, 2018, from Oldmutcd:
http://www.trafficsign.us/oldmutcd/1961/4-islands.pdf
Advincula, K. e. (2017). Localization of Intelligent Transportation System:
A Basis for System Architecture of the City of San Fernando, La
Union. Research Study.
Anonymous. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2018, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bd7d/669f0732b8fb7992190f41
dfaf6325aa3baa.pdf
Aquino, M. e. (2017). SERVICE QUALITY OF A LOCAL GOVERNMENT
UNIT-BASED. Research Study.
Babbie, E. R. (2010). Researcg Guides. Retrieved October 3, 2018, from
USC Libraries:
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative
Burden, D. (2018). Median Refuge Island. Urban Bikeway Design Guide.
Burden, D. (2018). Median Refuge Island. Urban Bikeway Design Guide.
Chua, G. S. (2015, March 12). BusinessMirror. Retrieved January 29,
2019, from
59
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2015/03/12/economic-effects-of-
traffic-in-metro-manila/
Dong, H. (2012, October 21). Hindawi. Retrieved January 29, 2019, from
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ddns/2012/854654/
Karuppanagounder, V. T. (2012, March 02). Journal of Advanced
Transportation. Retrieved November 28, 2018, from Wiley Online
Library: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/atr.196
Marcos, F. (1980, September 18). LawPhil. Retrieved January 29, 2019,
from
https://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1980/eo_621_1980
.html
Official, A. A. (1961). Traffic Sign US. 917 National Press r Building,
Washington 4, D.C. .
Peters, M. E. (2004). Improving operations to mitigate congestion. Public
Roads, p1.
Ponto, J. (2015). Understanding and Evaluating Survey Research. J Adv
Pract Oncol, 160.

60
Racioppi F., L. E. (2004). Chapter 2: road safety in Europe in the context
of sustainable transport. WHO Regional Publications, European
Series.
Scurfield, P. (2004). World report on. Geneva: WHO Library Cataloguing-
in-Publication Data.
Shuo Liu, J. W. (2016, October 14). International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health. Retrieved November 28,
2018, from MPDI: file:///C:/Users/user/Music/ijerph-13-
01010.pdf
Signh, H. (n.d.). J Indian Acad Forensic Med. Retrieved February 04,
2019, from http://medind.nic.in/jal/t10/i4/jalt10i4p268pdf
Sy, K. (2017). IN NUMBERS: Road crash incidents in the Philippines.
Rappler.
Tyrologos, K. (2012). Bruce highway road trip. Mobility Management
Australia.
Tyrologos, K. (2012). Bruce highway road trip. Mobility Management
Australia.
Weijermars, P. &. (2010). SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research -
Leidschendam, the Netherlands. Retrieved November 28, 2018,

61
from Institute for Road Safety Research:
https://www.swov.nl/sites/default/files/publicaties/rapport/r-
2010-12.pdf
62
APPENDICES
63
Appendix A
Letter to Agencies
64
65
66
Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
Saint Louis College

College of Engineering & Architecture
Dear Respondent,
Greetings!
We are fifth year Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering students

of Saint Louis College and are researching with the given title of
PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO
ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC WOES as part of our curricular requirement.
The study aims to come up with a reliable data concerning the

common experiences of road users and traffic enforcers with regards to
congestion and occurrence of accidents to come up with a tool in solving
these traffic problems in the City.
For such, we will need your honest reply to the questions in our
survey questionnaires. The researchers will also give guidance in
answering these questions.
Thank you and God bless you!
Sincerely,
The Research Team Noted by:
Engr. Salvador B. Badiola Jr.
Angeliquo M. Aberin Research Adviser
Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara Approved by:

Engr. Melvin R. Esguerra
Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman Academic Dean, CEA

67
Saint Louis College

Dear Respondent,
Greetings!
We are 5th year Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering students of Saint

Louis College and are researching with the given title of PAINTED
ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE
TRAFFIC WOES.
We have prepared a survey questionnaire to gather enough data for this

study.
We are hoping for your cooperation with this study by answering the
following questions with all honesty. We assure you that the information
from the participants will be kept confidentially and will be used only for
academic purpose.
Thank you!
-The Researchers
General Direction: Please accomplish this questionnaire very carefully

and honestly. Rest assured that any information you supply is treated
with the greatest confidentiality and anonymity.
SAMPLE DIVISIONAL PAINTED ISLANDS

68
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
BASIC INFORMATION OF RESPONDENT:

Name (optional):________________________________________________________
Type of Respondent:
Law-Enforcing Body (Enforcers and Polices)
Driver
Commuter & Pedestrian
Age: __________
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY ROAD USERS AND LAW-ENFORCING

BODY ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY (BHC TO LINGSAT) IN THE
CURRENT TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM REGARDING:
A. CONGESTION
Field Personnel
o Maintaining the control of traffic along the streets, intersections
or junctions, you are assigned
□ Easy □ Difficult
o Time spent in maintaining the control of traffic along the
streets, intersections or junctions you are assigned compared 5
years from now
□ Shorter □ Longer
o Adequacy of traffic enforcers in roadways
□ Adequate □ Inadequate
o Others(Please specify): ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
69
Road Users
o Drivers
 During peak hours (6:00-8:00am, 11:00-1:00pm, 4:00-6:00pm):
 Experience heavy traffic
□ Yes □ No
 Time spent on every trip compared 5 years from now
 Experience being late to an appointment due to heavy traffic
□ Yes □ No
 Others (Please specify____________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______
o Commuters & Pedestrians
 During peak hours (6:00-8:00am, 11:00-1:00pm, 4:00-6:00pm):
 Experience heavy traffic
□ Yes □ No
 Time spent on every trip compared before 5 years from now
 Experience being late to an appointment due to heavy traffic
□ Yes □ No
 Affects your personal convenience
□ Yes □ No
 Others (Please specify): __________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______
B. OCCURRENCE OF ACCIDENTS
Field Personnel
o How often do accidents happen for the last five years?
□ more than 10 times a year □ less than 10 times a year □
Never
□ Other (Please specify):________________
 What kind of accident/s?
□ Vehicle rear end collision
□ Side impact collision
□ Vehicle rollover
□ Sideswipe collision
70
□ Head-on collision
□ Single car accident
□ Multiple vehicle pile-ups
□ Vehicle to pedestrian
o Others (Please specify):_______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________
Road Users
o Drivers
 Have you experience or witness an accident along McArthur
highway from BHC to Lingsat ?
□ Yes □ No
 If yes, what kind of accident? (Please
specify):_____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 If no, and have heared in the news an accident along
McArthur highway from BHC to Lingsat, what kind of
accident? (Please
specify):____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
o Commuters & Pedestrians

 Have you experience or witness an accident along McArthur
highway from BHC to Lingsat ?
□ Yes □ No
 If yes, what kind of accident? (Please specify):________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 If no, and have heared in the news an accident along
McArthur highway from BHC to Lingsat, what kind of
accident? (Please specify):____________________________
71
KNOWLEDGE OF ROAD USERS AND LAW-ENFORCING BODY ABOUT

DIVISIONAL PAINTED ISLANDS
Field Personnel
o Knowing the purpose of a divisional painted island, do you
think it will help to address traffic problems?
□ Yes □ No
 If yes, why did you say that it will help address traffic
problems?
Because….
□ it separates opposing traffic movements by serving
as a central divide
□ it serves as a warning of the intersection
□ it provides a turn lane
□ it located so as to prevent overtaking and passing at
hazardous points
□ it provides protection and control of cross and
turning traffic
□ left-turning vehicles are separated in a protected
lane so as not to impede the flow of the traffic, thus greatly
increase the efficiency, capacity, and safety.
□ makes it possible for traffic to move smoothly and
safely at higher operating speeds
□ others (Please specify):______________________________
______________________________________________________
 If no, please cite recommendations or
suggestions.______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 What specific area do you suggest can these divisional
painted islands will be located along McArthur highway from
BHC to Lingsat only?
__________________________________________________________
Road Users
o Drivers
 Knowing the purpose of a divisional painted island, do you
think it will be a help for traffic problems?
72
□ Yes □ No
 If yes, why did you say that it will help traffic
problems? Because….
as a central divide
hazardous points
turning traffic
□ others (Please specify):______________________________
______________________________________________________
 If no, please cite recommendations of
suggestions._______________________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
o Commuters
 Knowing the purpose of a divisional painted island, do you
think it will be a help for traffic problems?
□ Yes □ No
 If yes, why did you say that it will help traffic
problems? Because….
as a central divide
73

hazardous points
turning traffic
□ Others(Please specify):______________________________
______________________________________________________
 If no, please cite recommendations of

suggestions.________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
74
Appendix C
Detailed Traffic Data per Movement per Station
Traffic Volume Count Survey (During Peak Hours)
Lingsat
from 7:00 am to 8:00 am
GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Motorcycles/Bike 104 108
Tricycle/Multicab 84 94
Rigid Trucks 4 10
Light Vehicles 6 6
Bus 16 28
Jeeps 96 124
UV Express 12 12
Cars/SUV 58 108
TOTAL 380 490
from 11:00 am to 12:00 nn

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 16 32
Light Vehicles 24 24
Bus 12 20
Jeeps 164 328
UV Express 24 32
Cars/SUV 292 344
TOTAL 924 1097
from 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 4 8
Bus 12 8
Jeeps 180 164
UV Express 20 4
Cars/SUV 180 172
TOTAL 796 804
75
WATSONS Intersection
GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 0 4
Bus 36 36
Jeeps 48 8
UV Express 0 12
Cars/SUV 208 292
TOTAL 800 616

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 0 8
Bus 36 12
Jeeps 52 0
UV Express 4 4
Cars/SUV 240 100
TOTAL 880 236

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 4 8
Light Vehicles 12 4
Bus 16 40
Jeeps 40 0
UV Express 20 4
Cars/SUV 456 300
TOTAL 876 536
76
McDonalds Intersection
GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 60 80
Bus 180 40
Jeeps 80 100
UV Express 120 100
Cars/SUV 300 260
TOTAL 1180 820

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 8 20
Bus 64 136
Jeeps 84 184
UV Express 18 12
Cars/SUV 336 224
TOTAL 926 936

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 4 0
Bus 44 40
Jeeps 8 20
UV Express 0 0
Cars/SUV 196 128
TOTAL 596 480
77
7 11 PLAZA Intersection
GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 41 32
Bus 180 152
Jeeps 84 60
UV Express 45 48
Cars/SUV 213 240
TOTAL 1139 1155

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 48 0
Light Vehicles 36 0
Bus 52 24
Jeeps 132 12
UV Express 36 12
Cars/SUV 156 240
TOTAL 852 816

GOING GOING
NORTH SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 8 4
Bus 32 80
Jeeps 44 64
UV Express 4 4
Cars/SUV 164 252
TOTAL 496 968
78
DMMMSU
GOING NORTH GOING SOUTH
Rigid Trucks 0 12
Bus 24 40
Jeeps 84 40
UV Express 12 4
Cars/SUV 432 160
TOTAL 1140 588

Rigid Trucks 48 40
Bus 29 35
Jeeps 32 50
UV Express 24 16
Cars/SUV 240 254
TOTAL 984 962

Rigid Trucks 60 108
Bus 25 32
Jeeps 120 60
UV Express 20 14
Cars/SUV 201 214
TOTAL 995 932
79
BHC
Rigid Trucks 60 8
Bus 56 36
Jeeps 108 112
UV Express 0 0
Cars/SUV 528 436
TOTAL 1696 1184

Rigid Trucks 40 24
Bus 84 16
Jeeps 60 60
UV Express 0 0
Cars/SUV 228 228
TOTAL 840 664

Rigid Trucks 52 20
Bus 64 48
Jeeps 80 216
UV Express 0 0
Cars/SUV 432 464
TOTAL 1244 1264
80
Appendix D
Demographic Profile
The demographic profile of the city consists of the population,
projected population and densities, and land area.
Table 3. Base Population, Projected Population and Densities
Year Population Density (person/ha)
2016 126,974 12.06
2017 129,095 12.26
2018 131,250 12.47
2019 133,442 12.68
2020 135,671 12.89
2021 137,936 13.10
2022 140,240 13.32
2023 142,582 13.55
2024 144,963 13.77
2025 147,384 14.00
Source: Office of the City Planning and Development Coordinator

81
Appendix E
Sample Parent’s Consent Waiver

82
83
Appendix F
Letter for Validation of the Strategic Plan
Saint Louis College
January __, 2019
Dear Ma’am/ Sir
Most cordial greetings!
The undersigned fifth year BS Civil Engineering students will conduct a

Research Study entitled “Acceptability of Painted Islands along McArthur
Highway: A Tool to Alleviate Traffic Woes” as part of our curricular requirements
in the subject CE Project/Research Study 1. Relative to this undertaking, the
researchers crafted a proposed strategic plan as an output of the study, a copy
of which is attached.
We earnestly request your generous assistance in this endeavor by being a
Member of the Panel of Validators to look into the validity and acceptability of
the said proposed curriculum. We are certain that with your expertise and
passion for quality and excellence in research, your assessment on the said
proposed curriculum will contribute immeasurably to the worthiness and
success of this academic undertaking.
Rest assured that your comments, suggestions and recommendations for the
improvement of the tool will be incorporated to further refine the proposed
curriculum.
Thank you very much!
Respectfully yours,
The researchers:
Aberin, Angeliquo M. De Guzman, Patrick Jeffrey S.
Alcantara, Ferdinand Alexander P. Lascota, Bryan Carl D.
Noted by: Approved by:
ENGR. SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR. ENGR. MELVIN R. ESGUERRA

Research Adviser Academic Dean, CEA
84
Appendix G
Level of Validity and Acceptability of the Strategic Plan
Saint Louis College

For the interpretation of the results of weighed mean rating on the Level of
Validity and Acceptability of the strategic plan, the following scales will be used.
POINT STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT

SCALE RANGE RATING (DER)
5 4.51-5.00 Very High Validity (VHV)

4 3.51-4.50 High Validity (HV)
3 2.51-3.50 Moderate Validity (MV)
2 1.51-2.50 Poor Validity (PV)
1 1.00-1.50 Very Poor Validity (VPV)
Indicators Validators
I. Face 4 4 5
II. Content
A. Functionality 3 4 5
B. Acceptability 4 4 5
C. Appropriateness 2 4 5
D. Timeliness 4 4 4
E. Implementability 5 4 5
F. Sustainability 5 4 5
Weighted Mean 3.86 4.00 4.86
Grand Mean 4.24
Result High Validity
85
Appendix H
Cost Estimate of Traffic Control System Strategic Plan
1. PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS

Mid-durable Paint = Php 4.00 per linear meter
Epoxy = Php 10.50 per linear meter
Temporary Tape = Php 78.90 per linear meter
TOTAL = Php 93.40 per linear meter
Assumed length of divisional painted islands per area = 1,000 meters
say 1,000 m/1 km per area = Php 93,400.00
2. LABOR COST
Engineer = Php 600.00/day, x1 = Php 600.00
Painter = Php 380.00/day, x3 = Php 1,140.00
Laborer = Php 280.00/day, x2 = Php 560.00
TOTAL = Php 2,300.00/day
3. ADDITIONAL FUND FOR MAINTENANCE

NOTE: Maintenance involves meeting and seminars regarding the current
transportation system, traffic safety and measures. It includes also the monthly
monitoring and recording of the current roads.
It is being shouldered by the Municipal Engineering Office and Department of
Public Works and Highways.
For the seminar,
Lump Sum Cost = Php 10,000.00
Considering 1 construction day per area,
TOTAL = Php 105,700.00

86
Appendix I
Statistician’s Certification
87
Appendix J
Language Editing Certification

88
DOCUMENTATION
89
Gathering of needed data from DPWH
Traffic count at DMMMSU

90
Traffic count at BHC
Floating of questionnaire to a law-enforcing body

91
Floating of questionnaire to a law-enforcing body

92
Floating of questionnaire to a vehicle driver

93
Floating of questionnaire to a vehicle driver
Floating of questionnaire to a commuter

94
CURRICULUM VITAE
95
CURRICULUM VITAE
Angeliquo M. Aberin

San Fernando City, La Union
aiquoaberin23@gmail.com
0939-791-6030
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 20 years old

Date of Birth: April 23, 1998
Place of Birth: Brgy. Gatang Malasiqui, Pangasinan
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Language: English, Filipino, Iloko, Pangasinense
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
College: Saint Louis College

Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union
2014-2019
High School: Naguilian National High School Special Science Class

Imelda, Naguilian, La Union
2010-2014
Elementary: Naguilian Elementary School

96
Ortiz, Naguilian, La Union

2004-2010
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
J.D. Madrid Construction – Dallangayan Oeste, City of San Fernando, La

Union
July 2, 2018 – August 2, 2018
SEMINARS ATTENDED
National Civil Engineering Summit – University of the Philippines

National Civil Engineering Summit – Bataan
Research Study – Saint Louis College
MEMBERSHIP TO
ORGANIZATION
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers–SLC–Student Chapter – Member

(S.Y. 2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018)
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers–SLC–Student Chapter – 5th Year

Representative (S.Y. 2018-2019)
Rotaract–SLC–Student Chapter – Member

(S.Y. 2018-2019)
SKILLS
Computer Literate
Knowledge on AutoCAD
Knowledge on Microsoft Programs
97
CURRICULUM VITAE

ferdinandalcantara80@yahoo.com
0908-441-3472
Age: 21 years old

Date of Birth: July 26, 1997
Place of Birth: District 2, Brgy. Vitali, Zamboanga City
Sex: Male
Language: English, Filipino, Iloko

2013-2019
High School: Christ The King College

2009-2013
Elementary: Christ The King College

98
2005-2009
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
J.D. Madrid Construction – Dallangayan Oeste, City of San Fernando, La

Union
August 31, 2017 – November 21, 2017
SEMINARS ATTENDED
CE Theory and Practice, February 21, 2015 at Saint Louis College, City
of San Fernando, La Union.
Concrete Field Testing (ASTM Standards) Seminar, August 1, 2015 at

Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union
Basic First Aid Treatment for Construction Accidents, February 6,

2016 at Social Center, Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La
union
Leadership Training (PICE), 2016, SLC, City of San Fernando, La Union
Reserve Officer Training Course, 2014, Clark Air Base, Pampanga City
MEMBERSHIP TO ORGANIZATION
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers–SLC–Student Chapter –

Member (S.Y. 2013-2014,2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2018-
2019)
SKILLS
Computer Literate
Knowledge on Microsoft Programs
99
CURRICULUM VITAE

pjeffdeguzman@yahoo.com
0916-516-8676
Age: 22 years old

Date of Birth: September 11, 1996
Place of Birth: Brgy. Tanguigan, San Fernando City, La Union
Sex: Male

2013-Present
High School: Christ the King College

Sevilla, City of San Fernando, La Union
2009-2013
Elementary: Christ the King College

100

2003-2009
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
Coreline Builders Construction & Supply – Red Drying St. Calumbaya,

Bauang, La Union
July 10, 2018 – July 28, 2018
SEMINARS ATTENDED
CE Theory and Practice, February 21,2015 at Saint Louis College, City

of San Fernando, La Union.
Concrete Field Testing (ASTM Standards) Seminar, August 1, 2015 at

Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union
Basic First Aid Treatment for Construction Accidents, February 6,

2016 at Social Center, Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La
union
MEMBERSHIP TO
ORGANIZATION

Member (S.Y. 2013-2014,2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018,
2018-2019)
SKILLS
Computer Literate
Knowledge on GRASP & STAAD
101
CURRICULUM VITAE

bryanlascota@rocketmail.com
0927-271-6021
Age: 20 years old

Date of Birth: January 29, 1998
Place of Birth: Brgy. Malacańang, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
Sex: Male
EDUCATIONALBACKGROUND

2014-Present
High School: Saint Louis College

2010-2014
102
Elementary: Saint Augustine School

Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
2004-2010
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
J.A. Olivar Engineering Design, Construction and Supplies – Dalumpinas

Oeste, San Fernando City, La Union
June 28, 2018 – July 28, 2018
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Thesis 2018 First Sem Painted Islands

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Thesis 2018 First Sem Painted Islands

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ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR

HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC WOES

Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara

Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman

Bryan Carl D. Lascota

ENGR. SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR.

This research entitled, “ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS

ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC

WOES,” prepared and submitted by Angeliquo M. Aberin, Ferdinand

Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman and Bryan Carl D.

Lascota, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor

of Science in Civil Engineering, has been examined and is recommended

for acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.

This is to further certify that Angeliquo M. Aberin, Ferdinand

Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman and Bryan Carl D.

Lascota are ready for Oral Examination.

SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR., CE

This is to certify that the research entitled, “ACCEPTABILITY OF

PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG MCARTHUR HIGHWAY: A TOOL TO

ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC WOES,” prepared and submitted by Angeliquo M.

Aberin, Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara, Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman

and Bryan Carl D. Lascota, is recommended for Oral Examination.

DANIEL B. PAGUIA, ED. D.

ERIC DAVID C. DELA CRUZ, CE RON JAKE V. UY, CE

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a Rating of

PASSED on NOVEMBER 29, 2018.

DANIEL B. PAGUIA, ED. D.

ERIC DAVID C. DELA CRUZ, CE RON JAKE V. UY, CE

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

A successful team is a group of many hands and one mind.

The completion of this work depends upon the cooperation,

coordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. The

group who conducted and accomplished this Research Study I, would

like to express their sincere appreciation and indebtedness for their

They are grateful to Engr. Salvador B. Badiola, their adviser, for

Members of the panel, Dr. Daniel B. Paguia, Engr. Eric David C.

comments and suggestions for the improvement of this study as well as

for their valuable time and continuous assistance;

To Engr. Leonora F. Quarte, for guiding and updating them on

To the In-House Language Editor and Statistician, Dr. Amalia

To the respondents of the City of San Fernando, La Union, they

To their friends and classmates for being generous in sharing

their ideas for the improvement of their Research I;

To their Families who believed that no matter what happened that

they will accomplish it successfully, and for inspiring and supporting

them all throughout;

And above all, to the Heavenly Father, for bestowing the

researchers knowledge, wisdom, perseverance, and unconditional love.

would not be possible.

It is our genuine gratefulness and warmest regard that we dedicate

Ferdinand Alexander P. Alcantara

Patrick Jeffrey S. De Guzman

Bryan Carl D. Lascota

Title: ACCEPTABILITY OF PAINTED ISLANDS ALONG

Author: ANGELIQUO M. ABERIN

Adviser: SALVADOR B. BADIOLA JR., CE

Keywords: Accidents, congestion, divisional painted island,

roadway, strategic plan, traffic woes, volume of

traffic, width of the roadway

system along McArthur Highway from Brain Heart Center Educational

Institution, Inc. (BHC) to Lingsat in the City of San Fernando, La Union.

Descriptive survey was utilized as method of research for this study.