Design of Major Structures

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction
Challenges

OTEC
October 2014

Presented by: Michael Lenett, PhD, PE

Agenda

 Design Considerations

 Construction Considerations

 HAM-74-18.00 Challenges & Solutions

 HAM-75-3.85 Challenges & Solutions

 Conclusion

 Q&A

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Horizontal Curvature | Design Considerations

References/Guidelines:
- FHWA – NHI-10-087 Analysis and Design of Skewed and Curved Steel
Bridges with LRFD

- NCHRP Report 725 Guidelines for the Analysis Methods and

Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges

- AASHTO Guide Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder

Highway Bridges (LFD)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Horizontal Curvature | Design Considerations

 Curved and Kinked

(i.e., Chorded or Dog-Legged)

 Torsional Issues
 Shear and Warping Stresses
• Lateral Bending Stresses
• Transverse Shears in Flange

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Horizontal Curvature | Design Considerations

 Stability Issues
 Large loads transferred between girders

 Stability maintained by shifting load to next girder away

from center of curvature
 Results in Crossframe forces

• Crossframes are primary load-carrying members

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Horizontal Curvature | Design Considerations

 Erection/Construction Plans
 Constructability Considerations

 Stability of Erected Girders / Crossframes

• Erection Sequence
 Shoring Tower Locations / Loads
 Temporary Hold Crane Locations / Loads

 Deck Pouring Sequence

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Example Projects
 PID 82284 HAM-74-18.00 (Colerain/Beekman Interchange)

 PID 83723 HAM-75-3.85 (I-74/75 Interchange)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

R = 1432.39’
Dc = 4° 00’
Δ = 42° 34’ 11”

Skew = 48° 20’ 26”

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

 2-D Grillage (Grid) vs. 3-D FE Modeling

 Grid
• Beam Elements
 Effective slab width
 Input Crossframe shape and members

 Equivalent stiffness

• Reduced Modeling Time

• Straightforward / Practical
• DESCUS, MDX

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

 2-D Grillage (Grid)

 Grid
V V
MA MB Global Effects

L
V/2 V/2
MA / H MB / H
For Internal Effects
MA / H MB / H
V/2 V/2
HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85
Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

 2-D Grillage (Grid)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S
 Crossframes
 L4x4x 5/16 Bottom (and Top) Chords
 L3x3x 5/16 Diagonals
 AASHTO Standard Specs (17th Ed.)
• Pu = 0.85AsFcr (Eq. 10-150)
• Simplified
 Concentrically loaded member
 No eccentricity (connection and member)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S
 Crossframes

Eccentricity w/ Connection
FD w

Eccentricity w/ Centroid

 AISC 13th Ed.

• Specifications Sections E, F, H
ࢌࢇ ࢌ࢈࢝ ࢌ࢈ࢠ
• ൅ ൅ ≤ 1.0
ࡲࢇ ࡲ࢈࢝ ࡲ࢈ࢠ

 Existing Diagonals/Chords………..Insufficient Capacity

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-74-18.00 | Bridge HAM-74-1852S

 41 Existing Intermediate Crossframes Replaced

 Payment – Level UF

Before After
HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85
Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-75-3.85 | Bridge HAM-74-1909R (Ramp P)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-75-3.85 | Bridge HAM-74-1909R (Ramp P)
 3-D FE Modeling
 Direct Modeling of Crossframes
• Equivalent stiffness not required
 Member Forces obtained directly
• Torsional Girder Stiffness
 Flange Lateral Moments
 Girder Twist
• Permits Detailed Modeling
of Girder Erection

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-75-3.85 | Bridge HAM-74-1909R (Ramp P)
 Erection Considerations
• Wind Effects
• Low Stresses / Force Effects in Girders and Crossframes
• Control Girder Deflections / Girder Twist
• Check Buckling
 Localized Member Buckling (such as Webs/Flanges)
 Collapse of Superstructure System

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-75-3.85 | Bridge HAM-74-1909R (Ramp P)

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
HAM-75-3.85 | Bridge HAM-74-1909R (Ramp P)

 Deck Pouring Sequence

 Span Lengths
• Time Considerations
 Control Girder Deflections / Girder Twist
 Control Girder / Crossframe Internal Effects

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
Conclusions

 Crossframes
 Primary Load-Carrying Member
• Eccentricity of Load / Connections
• Replace Existing
 Identify Locations
 Level UF

 Erection (and Deck Pouring) Plans / Notes

 Stability of Individual Girders / Crossframes
 Global Stability
 Guidelines

HAM-74-18.00 and HAM-75-3.85

Horizontally Curved Bridge Design and Construction Challenges
 QUESTIONS?

Michael Lenett, PhD, PE OTEC

mslenett@transystems.com October 2014

(513) 345-2122