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Smart Agriculture and Irrigation Monitoring System using IOT

Preprint · August 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31987.37927

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Sourav Sarkar
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 PROJECT SUMMARY

Project Name: Smart Agriculture and Irrigation Monitoring System using IOT
Team Leader & Members: Sourav Sarkar
Arka Bhowmick
Arghya Mukherjee
Indranil Guhathakurata
Mentors Name: Prof. Sirshendu Saha
Institute Name & Address: Academy of technology, Grand Trunk Road, Adisaptagram,
Hooghly, W.B. 712121

A. Title of the Innovation Proposal:

Smart Agriculture and Irrigation Monitoring System using IOT.

B. Project Description:

• Problem in Today’s Farming

i. Problem:
The different problems of agriculture are listed below:
▪ Uncertain, unreliable & erratic rainfall leads to water wastage due to lack of modern equipments.
Only surface water (28%)
Only groundwater (20%)
Only municipal (12%)
Surface & groundwater (8%)
Ground & municipal (17%)
Surface & municipal (5%)
All three souirces (10%)

▪ Inefficient agricultural methods due to absence of technological interface leads to large

manpower & high cost.
▪ Absence of proper crop monitoring process doesn’t leads to enhancement in crop output
efficiency.
ii. Development challenge:
India still being a developing country & farmers mostly being unaware of new technologies still
use traditional means of farming which are now ineffective and inefficient.
iii. Market need:
Introduction of smart irrigation system will result in an increase of crop productivity, use of
renewable sources of energy which will be cost efficient & require less labour.

iv. Opportunity identified & how big the problem is:

Farming is the main occupation in India which accounts to more than 60% of Indian economy. Use
of ineffective means of farming leads to decrease in crop output requiring large manpower. Many
farmers are abstaining from farming as they could not produce enough profit. We being engineers
tend to propose innovative means of farming which will be cost efficient & will also boost the
economy.
• Solution to the problem
i. Solution of the problem:
Using smart irrigation system with IOT & associative technology requirement to make the field
cultivation process more efficiently with less cost & human interface. The following points will be
covered:
▪ Rainwater harvestation & solar power utilization.
▪ Checking about the environment agriculture condition with corrective measures.
▪ Efficient irrigation from remote location.
ii. Development challenge:
We tend to make our project user friendly so that common people like farmer can use it very easily
also to make the field cultivation process more efficient with less cost & human interface.
iii. Market need:
Our project intends to use IOT and variety of sensors to record agricultural and irrigation process
and store it in a database, rain water harvestation and utilization, use of clean energy sources along
with conventional energy resources which will not only maximize the agricultural production with
minimum cost and better efficiency, remote monitoring with eco-friendly environment.
iv. Opportunity identified:
Engineering application in agriculture land can provide efficient production, remote monitoring,
optimum utilization of resources like water, power with minimum manpower.

• Our Proposal
i. Explaining the technology:
Our project involves the use of IOT and different sensors for implementing smart agricultural and
monitoring system. Our technological proposal is divided into three major portions:

Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system

▪ Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting and storage in tanks which are equipped with level sensors so
that when the water falls below a certain level an SMS alert is send to the farmer. The rainwater
stored is then given to the agricultural fields.

▪ Use of different sensors in the agricultural field(ph sensor, moisture sensor, Humidity sensor,
proximity sensor) for analyzing and sending data to raspberry pi remotely which is then being
send to Krishi Helpline for crop monitoring for maximum crop production.
▪ Use of solar power to need the power requirements of various sensors and also to power the
water pump, connected circuitry, embedded circuits and associative devices also connected with
conventional power sources during monsoons, night time or any solar power failure.
 ▪ Remote monitoring of data i.e. sensor outputs which can further be used for analyzing the data
or for visualizing the data by adopting an efficient mean.
ii. Components involved:
▪ Raspberry Pi:
Raspberry Pi is also known as a single board microcomputer with vast applications. In our
project Raspberry Pi is used to keep a track of the data generated by the various sensors
connected to the agriculture field & send it to the web server which also can be used for data
analysis purpose or data visualization.

Figure 2 : Raspberry Pi 3 (Model B)

▪ Humidity Sensor:
The sensor we are using here is DHT-11. This humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures
and reports the relative humidity in the air. It therefore measures both moisture and air
temperature. Relative humidity is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount
of moisture that can be held at that air temperature.
▪ Moisture Sensor:
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. In this system we are using
soil-moisture sensor to determine the quality of the soil, whether it is good for crops or not etc. It
also senses the water content of the soil. A typical soil-moisture sensor is given by the above
figure.

Figure 3 : Function of different sensors

▪ pH Sensor:
The CS526 isolated pH probe makes reliable, accurate pH measurements in aqueous solutions. It
can be submersed or inserted into tanks, pipelines, and open channels. This probe has a serial,
TTL output that represents a 2 to 12 pH range.
 Figure 4 : Function of pH sensor
▪ Proximity Sensor:
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object
being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target.
▪ Solar powered water pump:
Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity. A
photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic
solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that
generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. The energy
form a solar panel can be effectively stored in a battery for later use.

Figure 5 : Working of solar power pump

• Benefits of our project:

Our proposed system will be highly beneficial to farmers as farming accounts to more than 60% of
occupation in our country. Also crop production will be increased if our system is used as it uses IOT
& different sensors to gather information regarding irrigation outputs & also provides protection to
farms. Also farmers can use remote technology to activate/deactivate water pumps which are
powered by clean sources of energy thus keeping the environment clean.
 Figure 6 : Benefits of IOT based smart agriculture

• Marketing of our project:

Our project involves raspberry pi and IOT technology for smart irrigation. Overall cost of our project
is expected to be around 5000 INR and it can be used in multiple farms in a village. We made our
project user friendly keeping in mind that our main customers are farmers who are not so educated.
First of all we have to teach them and show them how our project works and how they will be
benefited. Also as our project is connected with Krishi Helpline the farmers can easily communicate
for any problems. Also a technician for our project is to be placed in every village so that they can
help them in any queries or problems.
• Team capability & competency:
Our team is guided by our mentor Prof. Sirshendu Saha according to our capabilities and alibilty of
implementing teamwork with best possible outcomes.
▪ Arka Bhowmick is assigned the task to study different sensors & associative devices required for
this project (ph sensor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor, proximity sensor).
▪ Indranil Guhathakurata is assigned to integrate the different systems to the raspberry pi network
and related software handling operation.
▪ Arghya Mukherjee is assigned the task to study the circuit diagram analysis of our project.
▪ Sourav Sarkar, being the team leader is assigned to look over the overall integration in
implementing the project with best possible outcome and providing different information of smart
irrigation and agriculture monitoring system.

C. Conclusion:
“The smart agriculture market is expected to reach $18.45 Billion in 2022 at a CAGR of 13.8%”.
IOT serves as a powerful, reliable and cost effective technology to implement the idea of “Smart
Village” that aims to empowerment of villages with advance connectivity through web service,
measurement of environment factors like Soil moisture, temperature, humidity and implementing
cloud computing along with real time monitoring using GSM system.

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