Generator TRAINING

Doubly Feed Induction Generator (DFIG)

Prepared By Bilal Hassan Khan
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 2
What Is Generator?

A Machine Which convert mechanical

energy into electrical Energy
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 3
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 4
Faraday'sPrinciple
Working law of electromagnetic
of a Generator induction

According to the Faraday's law

of electromagnetic induction,

whenever a conductor moves in

a magnetic field EMF gets

induced across the conductor. If

the close path is provided to the

conductor, induced emf causes

current to flow in the circuit.

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 5

 Permanent magnet dynamo
The magnet is rotated with 1500 rpm with 4 poles
generator which generates a frequency of 50 Hz.

A bicycle uses a permanent

magnet dynamo.
Induction

There is a magnetic field

around all conductors with
a running current.

If the conductor is coiled

around an iron core the field
will be stronger.

220 Volts AC
DC
A current will be generated in the
conductor if a magnetic field is moved
past a coil.
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 8
Difference Between Generator & Motor

Generator Motor
A Machine Which convert mechanical A Machine Which convert electrical
energy into electrical Energy. Energy into mechanical energy.

Generator Works on Fleming’s Right Motor Works on Fleming’s Left Hand

Hand Rule. Rule.

In an electric Generator, In an electric motor,

the Motion the electric current
Magnetic field exist Magnetic field exist

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 9

INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 10
 Fleming's right-hand rule

Fleming's right-hand rule (for generators) shows the direction of induced

current when a conductor attached to a circuit moves in a magnetic field. It can
be used to determine the direction of current in a generator's windings.

The right hand is held with

the thumb, first finger and second.

• The thumb is pointed in the direction

of the motion

• The first finger is pointed in the

direction of the magnetic field. (north
to south)

• The second finger represents the

direction of the induced or
generated current within the
conductor.
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 11
Fleming's right-hand rule

Title of presentation 4/26/2018

Fleming's right-hand rule

Title of presentation 4/26/2018

Sinusoidal 3 phase

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 14

Sinusoidal 3 phase
50 Hz
Red

Blue
Black

Blue Black

Red
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 16
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 17
DFIG Doubly feed induction generators

Doubly feed Induction generators are similar to AC electrical generators, but

have additional features which allow them to run at speeds slightly above or
below their natural synchronous speed.

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 18

 Over synchronous operation
660 V 50 Hz

Rotor mechanical = 1123 rpm

Rotor field = 1010 rpm

660 V - 50 Hz

DC AC
AC DC

113 rpm x 3/60 = 5.65 Hz

Stator field = 1000 rpm

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 19

Power Curve

Power Curve
3000

2500

2000
rr

1500
power

1000

500

0
750 850 950 1050 1150 1250

-500
generator speed

Total Power
Stator Power
Rotor Power
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 20
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 21
 Generator stator
50 Hz
Generator rotor

Stator

Rotor
Incremental encoders
The optical type is used when higher speeds are encountered or a higher
degree of precision is required.
Incremental encoders are used to track motion and can be used to determine
position.
They employ two outputs called A & B, which are called quadrature outputs, as
they are 90 degrees out of phase.

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 25

Incremental encoders

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 26

 A slip ring is an electromechanical device that allows the
Slip Ring transmission of power and electrical signals from a
stationary to a rotating structure.

NOTE
Additionally, the cleaning
agent Rivolta SLX Top can
be used to enhance the
cleaning process.
Do not spray the cleaning
agent into the slip ring box.
Do not apply it
extensively. Only use the
cleaning agent with a cloth.
Provide for sufficient
ventilation. The cleaning
agent evaporates without
leaving any residue.
Clean the slip rings and brush holders with a grease-free brush, vacuum
cleaner & cloth
Use breathing protection when
cleaning the slip ring box.
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 27
Carbon Brushes

Replace the carbon

brushes if the remaining
length is shorter than the
permitted residual length
or burn marks are found
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 28
Automatic Lubrication Unit

ALU Works for 80 sec after 36 hours

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 29

Filter Assembly
Filter Guard Filter housing open
with filter elements

• Clean complete set of air filter mats every year.

• Replace the complete set of air filter mats every two years.
INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 31
Cooling system - Generator cooling

• Heat dissipation using water cooling circuit

• Maintenance-free centrifugal pump supplies cooling water for the

water/air heat-exchanger

• If the temperature exceeds the limit value of generators components,

the pump will be activated

Cools down the cooling water and so the generator to

optimal operating temperature

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 32

Cooling system - Generator cooling

The cooling system consists of the pump station, compensating

container and the cooler:

Pump station

1. Cooling water pump with electric

motor
2. Test point in front of the pump
3. Filling port
4. Overpressure valve
5. Pressure switch
6. Resistance thermometer
7. Pressure gage

Compensating container

8. Pressure compensating container

with membrane

Cooler

9. Active water/air cooler

Flow diagram of the K08, gamma – Generator cooling

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 33

Cooling System Circuit Diagram

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 34

Two Stage Motor

190 Volts 220 Volts

380 Volts

190 Volts 220 Volts

380 Volts

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 35

INTRODUCTION

1 What Is Generator?

2 Working Principle of a Generator

3 Difference Between Generator &Motor

4 Fleming's right-hand rule

5 DFIG Principle

6 Generators Parts

7 Cooling System

8 Generator Alignment Overview

GENERATOR 4/26/2018 36
Generator Alignment Overview

The generator must be checked for

• Axial alignment*
• For vertical parallel and angular offset
• & For horizontal parallel and angular offset.

*The axial alignment can be determined with a measuring

tape.

The parallel and angular offset is checked with a laser

alignment system.

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 37

Generator Alignment Overview

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 38

Generator Alignment Overview

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 39

Generator Alignment Overview

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 40

Generator Alignment Overview

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 41

Generator Alignment Overview

Checking Axial Alignment

Measure the distance between the

brake disk on the gearbox side and the
coupling flange on the generator side:

• Target value multi-disk coupling

(KTR coupling: 570 mm ± 0.5 mm)

• Target value link coupling (Centa

coupling: 550 mm± 0.5 mm)

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 42

Generator Alignment Overview

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 43

Generator Alignment Overview
1 TD-M unit generator side
2 TD-S unit gearbox side

• Connect both TD units to the display

• Switch on the system and align both TDs
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 44
Generator Alignment Overview

1400 mm

D=A/2

• Press the "Tripoint" icon. The first measured value is stored.

• Rotate the shaft by at least 30°.for that purpose, temporarily release and
engage the rotor brake
• Store the second measured value by pressing the "Tripoint" icon
• Rotate the shaft in the same direction by at least an additional 30° and
press the "Tripoint" icon to store the third measured value
Title of presentation 4/26/2018 45
Generator Alignment Overview

Read the values of vertical and horizontal parallel and angular offset from the
display and record them in the appendix of the Maintenance Report.

Compare the measured values for parallel and angular offset of the generator
with the permissible offset values

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 46

Correcting the vertical alignment

Location for the hydraulic cylinder

below the generator

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 47

Correcting the vertical alignment

The gap below the adjustment nut must not be greater than 10 mm.
If necessary, place shims on the adjustment nut.

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 48

Correcting the horizontal alignment

• Loosen 4 screws M16 per generator support, do not remove them.

• Correct the adjustment of the adjustment screws in accordance with the

calculated horizontal correction values

Title of presentation 4/26/2018 49

Thanks for
your attention