UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME : EM220

COURSE : MEM523

LECTURER : DR ABDUL MALEK BIN ABDUL WAHAB

CLASS : EMD6M10

LAB REPORT

PREPARED BY

Student Name Student ID Number

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TITLE

Blinking LED

OBJECTIVES

1. To connect and operating LED connected to the digital outputs of an Arduino.

2. To control the blinking of LED light.

COMPONENTS

 Computer (Arduino software)

 USB cable
 Arduino microcontroller
 Breadboard sheet
 LED
 Wires

PROCEDURE
1. The LED had been pinned on any hole in the breadboard in column which is
positive part on the top side and negative part on the bottom side.
2. The jumper wire is pinned on the Arduino microcontroller and breadboard. The
positive part of LED had connected to pin 13 while the negative part of LED had
connected to ground on Arduino microcontroller.
3. The Arduino microcontroller is plugged to the computer port using USB cable.
4. The Arduino software is opened and the coding is uploaded.
5. The LED will turned on and the blinking of LED is observed by changing the
value of blinks in Arduino software.

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 Figure 1 : The configuration circuit

RESULT

The LED blinks in every 1000 milliseconds.

DISCUSSION

From this experiment, the LED blinks in every 1000 milliseconds due to the coding
in the software. As the higher blinking speed the delay time of the blinking will slower.
Next, The LED had been set up in series and parallel to observe the changing of LED
blinking.

Figure 2 : Blinking LED coding

For the parallel connection, the same voltage will pass through all the components.
Four LED that had been used and set up in parallel will glow with the same brightness as
they received the same voltage. Besides, when added more LED the voltage still same for
all the LED’s in parallel. Next, when one of the LED not light up the other LED still
blink because the current of each component in parallel is not same.

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 Figure 3 : Parallel Connection

After that, four LED that had been set up in series and there is consumes less voltage
because the LED will required its own voltage. When the more LED had been added it
will consumes less voltage. As the result, the additional of LED in series make all the
light dimmer. The values of voltage are each adjusted according to Ohm’s law.

Figure 4 : Series Connection

There are some errors during this experiment which is the program not uploading in
the Arduino software because of the wrong serial port of the computer. It can be changed
in Arduino software at tools and change the correct serial port. Other than that, the LED
not lighting up after set the circuit because the wrong position of LED. The problem had
been solved by adjusting the position of LED on the breadboard sheet, positive terminal
on top and negative terminal at the bottom.

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CONCLUSION

As the conclusion, the experiment is considered success as it fulfills the objectives of

the experiment.