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Captaciones Sumergidas:
Son estructuras empleadas para captaciones de pequeñas cantidades de agua en quebradas, en las
cuales la lámina de agua se reduce considerablemente. El objetivo de este tipo de estructuras es
que se puedan proyectar de tal forma que se acomode al lecho del río, procurando que en épocas
de caudal mínimo el agua pase por la rejilla. El agua captada mediante la rejilla localizada en el fondo
del río, se conduce a una caja de derivación de donde sale una tubería que la conecta con el
desarenador.
La captación de aguas superficiales a través de rejillas se utiliza especialmente en los ríos de zonas
montañosas, los cuales están sujetos a grandes variaciones de caudal entre los periodos de estiaje
y los periodos de crecientes máximas, con el fin de limitar la entrada de material flotante hacia las
estructuras de captación.
En el caso de rejas construidas con barras paralelas a la corriente, el flujo a través de las aberturas
es aproximadamente vertical, siendo la pérdida de energía despreciable y la carga efectiva sobre
ellas es prácticamente la energía específica 𝐸𝑜 con que el flujo llega a la reja. En cambio, en el caso
de placas perforadas, la dirección de flujo a través de los orificios tiene un ángulo apreciable con la
vertical y se ve afectado por los cantos de las perforaciones, que producen una pérdida de energía
apreciable por el cambio de dirección, de inclinada eventualmente vertical. Esta pérdida es casi igual
a la carga de velocidad del flujo sobre la reja (Hidráulica de Canales, Sotelo Cap. 6).
Bottom rack intakes constitute a standard hydraulic structure used in mountainous regions. The
present work does not consider any solid matter, given that the hydraulics of this structure are not
yet fully clarified. It is also limited to upstream subcritical flow and a transition to supercritical flow
close to the beginning of the rack. Based on a literature survey, circular rack profiles were
employed because of their discharge capacity, clogging features and economy.
La rejilla de alambre circular representa un tercio del costo de construcción de una rejilla
mecanizada (triangular y semicircular), por lo que se considera como alternativa óptima
para nuestro medio.
En un futuro estudio, realizar un análisis de la variación de la precisión según el tamaño de
malla utilizado.
Pregunta: ¿Hablo sobre el efecto Coanda?
Intake systems commonly consist of a rack located in the bottom of the channel, so that the
water
collected passes through the rack. These structures are adopted in small mountain rivers
with steep slopes and an irregular riverbed, intense sediment transport, and flash floods.
Their design needs to satisfy two primary objectives: to derive as much water as possible
and with the minimum quantity of solids. The behavior of the racks system varies as a
function of different factors, such as: the size of
the bars, their shape, the void ratio (spacing between bars), the longitudinal slope, and the
incoming flow conditions. Authors often assume some simplifications in the analysis of clear
water flows: the flux over
the rack is considered one-dimensional, the flow decreases progressively, or the hydrostatic
pressure distribution acts over the rack in the flow direction. Regarding the simplification
of the energy head over the rack, there are two considerations: horizontal energy level and
energy level parallel to the rack plane (Table 1). The discharge coefficient in bottom intake
racks changes along the wetted rack length and depends
on the shape of the bars (Righetti et al. [1]). The space between bars also influences the
flow derived along the racks (Brunella et al. [2]). The distribution of the discharge coefficient
along the rack may be related to the pressure field of flow in the slit of the bars (Castillo et
al. [3]).
All these issues make it important to determine the discharge coefficient along racks in
bottom
intake systems. The classical approaches of intake racks consider a two-dimensional
perspective in the vertical plane of the rack. However, upon analyzing the flow near the
bars, that flow becomes extremely three-dimensional, rendering the two-dimensional
analysis tools less useful. In those cases, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models,
once they have been validated against experimental values, may help to obtain a better
understanding of the phenomenon (Bombardelli [18]; Blocken &Gualtieri [19]). However,
numerical models have not been extensively used in this topic (Zerihun [20]; Hosseini et al.
[21]; Carrillo et al. [22]). In numerical modelling, different simplifications have been used.
Some authors considered one-dimensional and two-dimensional models to study the
hydraulic behavior of rivers and sediment transport phenomena. Nevertheless, flows
occurring in hydraulic structures tend to be highly three-dimensional (Bombardelli [18];
Castillo & Carrillo [23]). For this reason, three-dimensional models were considered. In
previous works, the discharge coefficient along the wetted length of rack was
experimentally
measured and numerically simulated by ANSYS CFX in the case of T-shaped bars (García
[10]; Carrillo et al. [22]). The present work shows experimental measurements and three-
dimensional simulations in
a bottom intake with racks made with circular bars, considering clear water flow. The values
along the rack are compared with previous results with flat bars.
Las rejas circulares simulan el efecto Coanda:
A continuación, se explica dicho efecto.
Beneficios rejas Coanda ante otras rejas.
Planteo de Objetivos:
Necesito hacer es definir los objetivos. (x)
Rehacer la metodología y definirla. (x)
Marcar los objetivos ya realizados. (x)
Organizar imágenes de lo que he realizado. ( )
General:
Específicos:
Se utiliza el modelo físico construido por Juan Diego Carrión Coronel, se adecúa una
reja de barras circulares transversales al flujo. (x)
Cronograma:
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