Qualitative and Quantitative Analytical Chemistry

CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

“Complexometric Titration”

By:
EDY WARDANA NAIBAHO (4173131007)
SRI RAMADHANI (4172131023)
TATI JUSTIKA GEA (4173131041)

BILINGUAL CHEMISTRY EDUCATION 2017

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2019
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of Content......................................................................................................i
Chapter I Introduction.........................................................................................1
A. Theory.....................................................................................................1
B. Identity of Journal...................................................................................2
Chapter II Discussion.................................. .......................................................4
.

C. Review of Journal 1................................................................................4

D. Review of Journal 2.................................................................................5
Chapter III Conclusion.......................................................................................7

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Theory
Complexometry or kelatometry titration is a type of titration in which the
reaction between the material analyzed and the titrate will form a complex of
compounds. This compound complex is called chelate and occurs due to titrants
and titrates that mutually complex. Scatter formed through a titration consists of
two components that make up a ligand and depend on the titrant and the titrate to
be observed. Scatter formed through a titration consists of two components that
form a ligand and depend on the titrant and the titrate to be observed.
Complex formation reactions between metal ions and EDTA are very
sensitive to pH. Because the complex formation reaction is always released H +
then (H+) in the solution will increase even slightly. However, this small amount
will result in a decrease in complex stability in the atmosphere (this reaction can
run in an acidic, neutral and alkaline atmosphere). To avoid this, a buffer is
needed. As a buffer solution that can be directly used with a mixture of NH 4Cl and
NH4OH. The indicator for determining the end point of titration is EBT (Erichrom
Black T). The unit used is molarity.
EBT is used for titration with an atmosphere of pH = 7-11, for the
determination of the levels of metals Cu, Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt is used indirectly,
because the complex bond between the metal and EBT is quite stable. EBT added
to ZnSO4 solution which has been added to the buffer to produce ZnEBT which is
burgundy. Raeaksi with EDTA titrated produces color changes from burgundy to
blue. Ethylene acid diamin tetra acetate or better known as EDTA, is one type of
polycarboxylic amino acid.
EDTA is actually a sexidentate ligand that can coordinate with a metal ion
through both nitrogen and its four carboxyl groups or called a multidentate ligand
containing more than two permolecular coordination atoms, for example 1,2-
diaminoetanatetraacetic acid (acetyleneadiamintetraacetate, EDTA) which has two
atoms nitrogen contributors and four oxygen atoms that contribute to the
molecule.

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 An EDTA can form complex complex compounds with a large number of
metal ions so EDTA is a non-selective ligand. In slightly acidic solutions, partial
EDTA protonation can occur without complete breakdown of the metal complex,
which results in species such as CuHY-. It turns out that if some metal ions in the
solution, the titration with EDTA will show the amount of all metal ions present in
the solution.

B. Identity of Journal
Journal 1
The Title of Journal : Understanding Complexometric Titration of Metal
Cations with Aminopolycarboxylic Acid (EDTA and
Analogs) within the Frame of the Notion of Reaction
between Groups of Chemical Species
Volume(issue) : Vol. 3, No. 1
Pages : 5-21
Author : Maria Michelia Salvatore and Francesco Salvatore
Publish Date : 2015
Aim : The making of a framework in which complexometric
titration with aminopolycarboxylic acid can be
collocated and which allows reasonably simple
presentations and evaluations of the relevant analytic
aspects of this type of titration

Journal 2
The Title of Journal : Interference of Lithium in Measuring Magnetium by
Complexometry : Discussions of The Mechanism
Volume(issue) : -
Pages : 1-4
Author : Jie Gao, Yafei Guo, Shiqiang Wang, Tianlong Deng, Yu-
wei Chen and Nelson Belzile

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Publish Date : 2013
Aim : Determine the relationship between the relative error
related to the number of drops of the indicator and the
NMR spectra of anhydrous ethanol and n-butanol, with
or without LiCl

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Review of Journal 1
RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, the method used was complexometry titration in which
Aminopolycarboxylic acid was a titrant. In this titration indicators are used which
also act as their own complexes, namely metallochromic (acid-base indicator). As
well as pH buffer as a point far from the equivalence point of complexometric
titration because Aminopolycarboxylic acid is very sensitive to pH.

RESULT
Sufficient Eriochrome Black T indicator is added to develop a distinct blue
colour. The blue solution is titrated with the magnesium sulphate standard solution
until a red colour is developed. Finally, the initial blue colour is reestablished with
the standard EDTA solution. The number of moles of calcium can be calculated
from the difference between the number of moles of EDTA and the number of
moles of magnesium consumed in the titration (which, in turn, are calculated from
the consumed volumes of the two standard solutions and from their
concentrations). Evidently, this procedure avoids the formation of the inert
CaEDTA’ complex, because the indicator is added after a controlled excess of
EDTA (which effectively mask the calcium) has been added.

CONCLUSION
The chemical origin of the complexity of complexometric titrations of metal
cations with aminopolycarboxylic acids is fully displayed and it is districated by
introducing a chemical model based on the notions of groups of chemical species
and reactions between groups of chemical species. This should help
undergraduates to get a better understanding of the old concept of conditional
complex formation constant.

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 B. Review of Journal 2
RESEARCH METHOD
Methodology. Solutions that contain 25.00 mg Mg2+ and 6.02 mg Li+
were added into an Erlenmeyer Flask; six to 18 drops of Na Indindicator
were added followed by 10 mL of the NH4Cl-NH3⋅H2O buffer
solution.Each solution was titrated with the standard solution of EDTA
from the tartaric red to azure.LiCl was dissolved into ethanol and n-
butanol,respectively, and then the solutions were analyzed with a Bruker
AM 300 NMR.

FINAL RESULT
• 3.1. Interference of Li+ to the Measurement of Mg2+ .
The relationship between the amount of indicator added and the relative error
(RE) of the titration was plotted in Figure 1. It was found that when the
Li/Mg mass ratio was less than 1
• 3.2.The Interference Mechanism ,
The stability of the complex formed with Li+ is much lower than that formed
with Mg2+
• 3.3.1.Analysis of the NMR Spectrum
The stability constant of Li+ with alcohols is far larger than that of LiInd-
• 3.3.2.Analysis of the Experimental Values
It was found that a volume ratio of n-butanol and anhydrous ethanol between
1:7 and 1:10 could have an optimum effect. When the ratio was greater than
1:8, the relative error increased as the amount of n-butanol decreased. It
indicated that Li+ would react mainly with n-butanol to form a complex

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of high concentrations of the lithium ion Li+ can
interfere with the determination of Mg2+ by EDTA complexometric
titration.It is possible to control this interference by using a mixture of
anhydrous ethanol and n-butanol.It is proposed that a complex is formed
between Li+ and n-butanol, thus preventing

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the formation of a complex of Li+ with the indicator NaInd at the proximity of the
end point, which is causing a delay in the color change in the complexation of
Mg2+ by EDTA. This is an important aspect of the titration to consider in water
containing high Li+ levels such as salt brines.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

Complexometry is a type of titration in which titrants and titrates

complex, forming complex results. Complex formation reactions or
complex ones are numerous and many applications, not only in titration.
Therefore, it needs a broad understanding of the complex, even though it
will first be applied here to titration Ligands (from the Latin word ligare =
binding). The number of bonds with the ligand is called a coordination
number which is usually an even number especially worth 4 or
6.Thermodynamic stability of a species is a measure of the extent to which
these species will be formed from other species under certain conditions, if
the system is allowed to reach equilibrium.
Effect of pH if it is too acidic, the equilibrium will shift to the right
and cause the formation of complex compounds, if the atmosphere is too
alkaline the equilibrium will shift to the left and form deposits. Types of
complexometric titration include direct titration, indirect titration, re-
titration and replacement titration. Hardness is differentiated into two
namely permanent hardness and temporary hardness.