Expansion Coefficients

For Temp. Range -30 0 - 100 0 - 200 0 - 315 0 - 400 0 - 485 0 - 600 0 - 700

Mild Steel
12.8 14 15 15.6 16.2 17.8 17.5 -
0.1 - 0.2 % C
Alloy Steel
13.8 14.4 15.1 15.8 16.6 17.3 17.6 -
1% Cr ½% Mo
Stainless Steel
9.4 20 20.9 21.2 21.8 22.3 22.7 23
18% Cr 8% Ni

Expansion Coefficient α x 10-6 (m/m)

Example:
Mild steel for temperature range -30⇒0 =12.8 x 10-6 m/m
Expansion Chart for Mild Steel Pipe
Temperature difference oC/metre
Length of pipe (mm)

Expansion of pipe (mm)

bar g 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30
o
C 120 133 143 152 158 162 183 200 214 225 235

Temperature of Saturated Steam

Pipe Expansion
L Spacer Piece

Half calculated
expansion
over length L

Position After Cold draw

Neutral Position

Hot Position
Full Loop
Horse Shoe Loop
 Steel Expansion Loops
Expansion from Neutral Position (mm)
Nominal Pipe Size (mm)

Welding
ends
radius
2W W =1.5 dia.

Maximum pressure 17 bar

o
Temperature 260 C
W.Metres
 Sliding Joint

Pressure acts on this

area

Movement due to
pipework expansion
Expansion Bellows
 Use of Bellows
Misalignment

Steam Flow

Axial Movement
 Anchor Points
Strap
Lug Lug

Pipe Flange
Recommended Support Spacing for
Steel & Copper Pipe
Nominal Pipe Size Interval of Horizontal Run Interval of Vertical Run
Steel/Copper (m) (m)
Bore O/D Mild Steel Copper Mild Steel Copper
12 15 - 1 - 1.2
15 18 2 1.2 2.4 1.4
20 22 2.4 1.4 3 1.7
25 28 2.7 1.7 3 2
32 35 2.7 1.7 3 2
40 42 3 2 3.6 2.4
50 54 3.4 2 4.1 2.4
65 67 3.7 2 4.4 2.4
80 76 3.7 2.4 4.4 2.9
100 108 4.1 2.7 4.9 3.2
125 133 4.4 3 5.3 3.6
150 159 4.8 3.4 5.7 4.1
200 194 5.1 - 6 -
250 267 5.8 - 5.9 -
 Rollers for Steel Pipework

Twin Pipe
Chair & Roller Chair Roller & Saddle

 
Support Bracket


 Heat Emission from Bare Pipes
Temp.
Difference Pipe Size (mm)
Steam to Air
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 150
o
C W/m
56 54 65 79 103 108 132 155 188 233 324
67 68 82 100 122 136 168 198 236 296 410
78 83 100 122 149 166 203 241 298 360 500
89 99 120 146 179 205 246 289 346 464 601
100 116 140 169 208 234 285 337 400 501 696
111 134 164 198 241 271 334 392 469 598 816
125 159 191 233 285 321 394 464 555 698 969
139 184 224 272 333 373 458 540 622 815 1133
153 210 255 312 382 429 528 623 747 939 1305
167 241 292 357 437 489 6.2 713 838 1093 1492
180 274 329 408 494 556 676 808 959 1190 1660
194 309 372 461 566 634 758 909 1080 1303 1852
Thermal Conductivities of Insulating
Materials
50 100 300
Calcium Silicate 210 0.055 0.058 0.083
Expanded Nitrile
65 - 90 0.039 - -
Rubber
Mineral Wool 16 0.047 0.065
(Glass) 48 0.035 0.044 --
Mineral Wool
100 0.037 0.043 0.88
(Rock)

Magnesia 190 0.055 0.058 0.082

Polyisocyanurate
50 0.023 0.026 -
Foam
 Calculation of Heat Transfer

Q = U. A. ∆ t

Where
Q = Heat transfer rate (W)
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)
A = Mean surface area (m2)
Dt = Temperature difference (K)