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When you write an essay, it is important that

you have certain elements in it to make sure
that it is quality. You should always have an
introductory paragraph. In the introduction,
you are going to outline what it is you are
going to discuss in your essay. You should
include a thesis statement in that first
paragraph. A thesis statement is a position
statement on which you base the rest of your
essay. In your body paragraphs, you should
be attempting to prove your thesis. You
should make statements, and then back them
up with evidence. In your concluding
paragraph, you should restate your thesis in a
new and interesting way. We should always
write our essays in a way that makes them
interesting to the reader. No one wants to be
board out of their mind!

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

1. Make an inference…what is the joke in this picture?

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2. Please write your thesis statement from your essay below:

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3. Have you had someone read over your essay? If not, who could read over it?
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4. What makes your essay interesting (what is the hook)?

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5. Do you back up all of your statements with evidence? Give an example…
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The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a seven-year-

long war between Britain and France (France was allied
with the Indians). Although fighting began in 1754, the
war did not officially begin until 1756. They were fighting
for the control of much of North America. This war was a
part of a larger war that was going on in Europe.

At the beginning of the war, France controlled Canada and

the Louisiana Territory. Britain controlled most of the east
coast of North America. In one of the first battles of the
war, Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and his
Virginia troops (fighting for the British) were sent to
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to remove the French from their
new fort. Washington was defeated by the French, and the
French soon controlled the entire region.

In 1756, the British began to defeat the French, especially

in naval battles. In 1759, General James Wolfe's army
defeated the French at Quebec (although both Gen. Wolfe
and his French adversary Gen. Montcalm both died during
the battle).

When the French finally lost the war, the Treaty of Paris (signed on February 10, 1763) gave Britain control of Canada and the French areas east of the
MIssissippi River. Spain gave Florida to Britain, and received the former French areas west of the Mississippi River.

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

As a result of the war, the English colonists no longer needed the protection of the British against the French, and they became more independent from
Britain. This war also resulted in higher taxes paid to Britain. These influences eventually led to the American Revolution.
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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

6. Make an inference…what groups of people are fighting in this Picture?

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7. What was the “French and Indian War”?:

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8. Who won the war?

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9. What were some effects of the war?

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10. In what years was the war fought?

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The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament
on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all
American colonists and required them to pay a tax
on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's
papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other
publications, and even playing cards were taxed. The
money collected by the Stamp Act was to be used to
help pay the costs of defending and protecting the
American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains
(10,000 troops were to be stationed on the American
frontier for this purpose).

The actual cost of the Stamp Act was relatively

small. What made the law so offensive to the
colonists was not so much its immediate cost but the
standard it seemed to set. In the past, taxes and
duties on colonial trade had always been viewed as
measures to regulate commerce, not to raise money.
The Stamp Act, however, was viewed as a direct
attempt by England to raise money in the colonies
without the approval of the colonial legislatures.

If this new tax were allowed to pass without

resistance, the colonists reasoned, the door would be
open for far more troublesome taxation in the future.

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

11. Make an inference…What does this picture mean?

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12. Why were colonists mad about the stamp act?

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13. Why do you think that Britain wanted to tax the Colonists?

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14. When was the Stamp Act passed?

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15. Name 3 things that were taxed by the British government.

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In the summer of 1766, King George III of England replaced

Prime Minister Rockingham with William Pitt. Pitt was popular
in the colonies. He opposed the Stamp Act and believed that
colonists were entitled to all the rights of English citizens.

Pitt suddenly became sick. Charles Townshend, Chancellor of

the Exchequer, took over the effective reins of the government.
Unlike his predecessor, Townshend was not concerned with the
subtleties of the rights of American colonists. Townshend
wanted to strengthen the power of the British parliament which
would simultaneously strengthen the power of royal officials.
He convinced the Parliament to pass a series of laws imposing
new taxes on the colonists. These laws included special taxes on
lead, paint, paper, glass and tea imported by colonists. In
addition, the New York legislature was suspended until it agreed
to quarter British soldiers.

The Acts also insured that colonial officials, including

governors and judges, would receive their salaries directly from
the Crown.

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

16. Make an inference…What is happening in this picture?

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17. What did the Townshend Acts tax?

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18. Make a prediction, how do you think the colonists are going to react?

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19. When were the Townshend Acts passed?

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20. What happened to the New York Legislature under this law?
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Some called Crispus Attucks, a forty-seven-old mulatto, a "hero" and a
"patriot"--"the first martyr of the American Revolution." Others, such
as John Adams, lawyer for the British soldiers, saw Attucks as the
rabble-rousing villain whose "mad behavior" as responsible for the
carnage of March 5, 1770.

Attucks, believed to be the son of an African father and Natick Indian

mother, was known around the lower docks 1770 as a hard man and a
drifter. He resented the British presence in Boston. As a seaman on
whaling voyages, he had worried about impressment into the British
navy, while now as a part-time laborer he faced competition for work
from British troops willing to do work during off-duty hours for lower
wages.

On the evening of March 5, 1770, Attucks was in the front lines of a group of
thirty to sixty Americans--described by John Adams as "a motley rabble of
saucy boys, negroes and mullatoes, Irish teagues and outlandish jack tarrs"--
taunting private Hugh White, the sentry stationed in front of the Custom House
near King Street. After other British soldiers rushed to White's assistance, the
crowd continued to hurl insults, pieces of ice, and sticks. According to
eyewitness testimony, Attucks fanned the flames, calling the soldiers
"Lobsters!" and telling the crowd that the soldiers dared not fire. Then,
according to one witness, Attucks took hold of a bayonet" of one of the
soldiers, Hugh Montgomery, knocking him down with a club (or "cord stick")
in his other hand.
This testimony was disputed by another witness, James Bailey, who placed Attucks fifteen feet from Montgomery at the time he was struck
with a stick. The assault on Montgomery brought on a hail of fire from British muskets that left five Americans dead and a half-dozen
others injured. Attucks was the first to fall, stuck twice in the chest by bullets.
Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture
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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

1. Make an inference…What is happening in this picture?

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2. Why do some people think Attucks resented the British being in Boston?

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3. How did John Adams, future president, describe Crispus Attucks?

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4. Describe Attucks behavior the night of March 5, 1770.

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5. Do you see Attucks as a hero? Why or why not?
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The British East India Company had controlled all tea trading
between India and the British colonies. As a result of the tea
tax, the colonies refused to buy the British tea. Instead, they
smuggled tea in from Holland. This left the British East India
Company with warehouses full of unsold tea, and the company
was in danger of going out of business.

The British government was determined to prevent the British

East India Company from going out of business. It was going
to force the colonists to buy their tea. In May 1773, Prime
Minister North and the British parliament passed the Tea Act.
The Tea Act allowed the British East India Company to sell tea
directly to the colonists, bypassing the colonial wholesale
merchants. This allowed the company to sell their tea cheaper
than the colonial merchants who were selling smuggled tea
from Holland.

This act revived the colonial issue of taxation without

representation. The colonies once again demanded that the
British government remove the tax on tea. In addition, the
dockworkers began refusing to unload the tea from ships.

The Governor of Massachusetts demanded that the tea be unloaded. He also demanded that the people pay the taxes and duty on tea. On the evening of
December 16, 1773, a group of men calling themselves the "Sons of Liberty" went to the Boston Harbor. The men were dressed as Mohawk Indians. They
boarded three British ships, the Beaver, the Eleanor and the Dartmouth, and dumped forty-five tons of tea into the Boston Harbor.

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

6. Make an inference…What is happening in this picture?

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7. Why were the Colonists mad at the British government?

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8. Why do you think that the British citizens were angry over the tax even though tea
was cheap?
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9. What group lead the Boston Tea Party?

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10. Make a prediction: How do you think that the British Government is going to respond
to the Boston Tea Party?
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This British cartoon, depicting the Intolerable Acts as an assault upon a Native
American woman (a symbol of the American colonies), was copied and
distributed by Paul Revere throughout the colonies.
Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture (be mature)
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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:
11. What is happening in this picture?
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12. What were the Coercive Acts a response to?
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13. What did the British hope to gain from passing the Coercive Acts?
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14. What organization did the colonists form in response to the Coercive Acts?
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15. How many different Acts were there within the Coercive Acts?
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The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts were names given
by the American colonists to a series of laws passed by the
British Parliament in 1774. The acts sparked outrage and
resistance in the colonies and were important developments in
the growth of the American Revolution.
Four of the five acts were issued in direct response to the
Boston Tea Party of December 1773; the British government
hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example
of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to
parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1765 Stamp
Act. Many colonists viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of
their constitutional rights, and organized the First Continental
Congress to coordinate their response. The colonists were not
happy with this law.
Great Britain hoped that the Intolerable Acts would isolate
radicals in Massachusetts and cause American colonists to
concede the authority of Parliament over their elected
assemblies. It was a calculated risk that backfired, however,
because the harshness of some of the acts made it difficult for
moderates in the colonies to speak in favor of Parliament. The
acts unintentionally promoted sympathy for Massachusetts and
encouraged colonists from the otherwise diverse colonies to
form the First Continental Congress.
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The committee of correspondence was a body organized by
the local governments of the American colonies for the
purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the
colony. These served an important role in the American
Revolution and the years leading up to it, the committee of
correspondence rallied opposition on common causes and
established plans for collective action, and so the group of
committees was the beginning of what later became a formal
political union among the colonies.

As news during this period was typically spread in hand-

written letters to be carried by couriers on horseback or aboard
ships, the committees were responsible for ensuring that this
news accurately reflected the views of their parent
governmental body on a particular issue and was dispatched to
the proper groups. Many correspondents were also members of
the colonial legislative assemblies, and were active in the
secret Sons of Liberty organizations.

The earliest committees of correspondence were formed

temporarily to address a particular problem. Once a resolution
was achieved, they were disbanded. The first formal committee
was established in Boston, in 1764, to rally opposition to the
Currency Act and unpopular reforms imposed on the customs
service.

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

16. Why did the Colonists create the Committees of Correspondence?

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17. What modern group or organization does the committee correlate to?

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18. When was the first committee created and what was it in response to?
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19. What organization was prominent in its creation?

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20. Why did the Colonists need the Committees of Correspondence?

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The Daughters of Liberty were a successful group that proved women's

involvement in politics could be beneficial for the country. As public support to
boycott British goods increased, "Daughters of Liberty" joined the support to
condemn British importation. The Daughters of Liberty used their traditional
skills to weave yarn and wool into fabric known as "homespun". They were
recognized as patriotic heroines for their success, which made America less
dependent on British Textiles. In the countryside, while Patriots supported the
non importation movements of 1765, and 1769, the daughters of liberty
continued to support American resistance. In many small towns and villages
women spun wool into homemade cloth. In 1774, the patriot women helped
influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods.
The decision to boycott British goods was due in large part to the patriot women
who were determined to reach demands for homemade clothing. Although it is
not often recognized, the groups of organizations formed by women were very
influential during the war. Decisions made to boycott of British goods would not
have been possible if the women had not created a substitute for the imported
material. The "Daughters of Liberty" were working from sun up to sun down to
prove their commitment to "the cause of liberty and industry". The daughters of
liberty were one of the many groups of women who fought for woman's equality
and supported the soldiers during the American Revolution. Abigail Adams was
best known for the letters she sent to her husband urging him to "Remember the
ladies" when he discussed the future of the country. She fought for women's
equality during the war, and accomplished many things during her life. .

Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

21. What is happening in this picture?

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22. What were the “Daughters of Liberty”?

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23. How did the daughters of liberty contribute to the freedom effort?
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24. What was Abigail Adams famous for doing?

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25. How important do you think the Daughters of Liberty were? Why do you think this?

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