SSN College of Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 8391 Engineering Thermodynamics
Unit III – Properties of Pure Substances
(Thermodynamic Properties of Steam)
1. Complete the following table of properties for 1 kg of water (liquid, vapour or
mixture)
S. P (bar) T (0C) v x Super h (kJ/kg) s
3 0
No. (m /kg) (%) heat ( C) (kJ/kg K)
1 35 25.25
2 0.001044 419.04
3 212.42 90
4 1 6.104
5 10 320
6 5 0.4646
7 4 0.4400
8 500 3445.3
9 20 50
10 15 7.2690

2. Ten kg of water at 45° C is heated at a constant pressure of 10 bar until it becomes

superheated vapour at 300° C. Find the change in volume, enthalpy, internal energy
and entropy. Draw the process in p-v, T-s and h-s coordinates (Ans. 2.569 m3,
28627.5 kJ, 26047.6 kJ, 64.842 kJ/K)
3. Steam flows through a small turbine at the rate of 5000 kg/h entering at 15 bar, 300°C
and leaving at 0.1 bar with 4% moisture. The steam enters at 80 m/s at a point 2 m
above the discharge and leaves at 40 m/s. Estimate the shaft power assuming that the
device is adiabatic but considering kinetic and potential energy changes. Calculate the
diameters of the inlet and discharge tubes. How much error would be made if these
terms were neglected? (765.6 kW, 6.11 cm, 78.9 cm, 0.44%,)
4. Steam expands isentropically in a nozzle from 1 MPa, 250° C to 10 kPa. The steam
flow rate is 1 kg/s. Find the velocity of steam at the exit from the nozzle, and the exit
area of the nozzle. Neglect the velocity of steam at the inlet to the nozzle. The exhaust
 steam from the nozzle flows into a condenser and flows out as saturated water. The
cooling water enters the condenser at 25° C and leaves at 35° C. Determine the mass
flow rate of cooling water. (1224 m/s, 0.0101 m2, 47.81 kg/s)
5. A reversible polytropic process, begins with steam at p1 = 10 bar, T1 = 200° C, and
ends with p2 = 1 bar. The exponent n has the value 1.15. Find the final specific
volume, the final temperature, and the heat transferred per kg of fluid.
6. Two streams of steam, one at 2 MPa, 300° C and the other at 2 MPa, 400° C, mix in a
steady flow adiabatic process. The rates of flow of the two streams are 3 kg/min and 2
kg/min respectively. Evaluate the final temperature of the emerging stream, if there is
no pressure drop due to the mixing process. What would be the rate of increase in the
entropy of the universe? This stream with a negligible velocity now expands
adiabatically in a nozzle to a pressure of 1 kPa. Determine the exit velocity of the
stream and the exit area of the nozzle. ( 340° C, 0.042 kJ/K, 1530 m/s, 53.77 cm2)
7. Boiler steam at 8 bar, 250°C, reaches the engine control valve through a pipeline at 7
bar, 200°C. It is throttled to 5 bar before expanding in the engine to 0.1 bar, 0.9 dry.
Determine per kg of steam (a) the heat loss in the pipeline (b) the temperature drop in
passing through the throttle valve (c) the work output of the engine (d) the entropy
change due to throttling (e) the entropy change in passing through the engine. (Ans.
(a) 105.3 kJ/kg, (b) 5°C, (c) 499.35 kJ/kg, (d) 0.1433 kJ/kg K, (e) 0.3657 kJ/kg K)
8. Steam at 10 bar, 250°C flowing with negligible velocity at the rate of 3 kg/min mixes
adiabatically with steam at 10 bar, 0.75 quality, flowing also with negligible velocity
at the rate of 5 kg/min. The combined stream of steam is throttled to 5 bar and then
expanded isentropically in a nozzle to 2 bar. Determine (a) the state of steam after
mixing (b) the state of steam after throttling (c) the increase in entropy due to
throttling (d) the velocity of steam at the exit from the nozzle (e) the exit area of the
nozzle. Neglect the K.E. of steam at the inlet to the nozzle. (a) 10 bar, 0.975 dry, (b)
5 bar, 0.894 dry, (c) 0.2669 kJ/kg K, (d) 540 m/s, (e) 1.864 cm2)