PRACTICA 3

PSEUDOCOMPONENTES

1. Se realizó una destilación ASTM D86 a la siguiente muestra:

% de volumen Temperatura
0 138.8
10 149.6
30 158.8
50 165.8
70 169.9
90 178.1
95 180.4
ºAPI=42 %Azufre=1.1%

a) Caracterizar la muestra
b) Obtener la curva TBP utilizando el método API
c) Obtener la ecuación de la curva mediante una regresión del orden quinto
d) Extrapolar al 100% de volumen destilado
e) Dividir la muestra en 30 Pseudocomponentes y determinar EBP y NBP
f) Calcular la gravedad API para los distintos pseudocomponentes
g) Graficar ºAPI vs %Destilado, además determinar el mejor ajuste
h) Determinar el Peso molecular de cada uno de los pseudocomponentes
i) Graficar MW vs %Destilado, realizar el ajuste
 % Vol. A B
Con la ecuación:
0 7,4012 0,60244
𝐵
𝒀𝒊=A* 𝑋 …………Dónde:……………………………Constantes 10 4,9004 0,71644
𝑌𝑖= Diferencia en destilación TBP entre dos puntos de corte (ºF) 30 3,0305 0,80076
𝑋𝑖= Diferencia observada en destilación ASTM D86 entre dos puntos de corte (ºF) 50 0,8718 1,0258
A,B= Constante que varían de acuerdo a los puntos de corte
70 2,5282 0,82002
90 3,0419 0,75497
95 0,11798 1,6606

Nº % VOLUMEN ASTMD86 (º F) A B Xi Yi TBP (º F )

1 0 138,8 7,4012 0,60244 10,8 31,03687216 95,45627114
2 10 149,6 4,9004 0,71644 9,2 24,02855653 126,4931433
3 30 158,8 3,0305 0,80076 7 14,39577317 150,5216998
4 50 165,8 0,8718 1,0258 4,1 3,706897222 164,917473
5 70 169,9 2,5282 0,82002 8,2 14,19570815 179,1131812
6 90 178,1 3,0419 0,75497 2,3 5,704776011 184,8179572
7 95 180,4 0,11798 1,6606 5,63 2,080188218 186,8981454

Con la fórmula:
TBP (50) = 0,87180*(ASTMD86(50))˄1,0258

ASTMD86 (50) A B TBP (50)

165,8 0,8718 1,0258 164,917473

Para A)
Característica Tipo de Petróleo

API = 42 Petróleo Mediano

Azufre = 1,1 % Petroleo Agrio

Para B)

TBP
Nº % VOLUMEN TBP ( º F ) 200
1 0 95,4527114 180
160
2 10 126,4931433 140

Temperatura
30 120
3 150,5216998
100
4 50 164,917473 80 TBP ( º F )
70 60 Poly. (TBP ( º F ))
5 179,1131812
40
6 90 184,8179572 20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Volumen
Para C)
Obteniendo la ecuación de 5º Orden:

y = 8E-08x5 - 2E-05x4 + 0,0028x3 - 0,146x2 + 4,3086x + 95,456

R² = 1

Dónde:
Y = Temperatura
X = %Volumen
Para D)
Extrapolando la ecuación:

y = 8E-08x5 - 2E-05x4 + 0,0028x3 - 0,146x2 + 4,3086x + 95,456

R² = 1
Dónde:
Y = Temperatura
X = %Volumen = 100
Se tendrá que

Y = 666,316 = Temperatura

Para E)
Para 30 pseudocomponentes se tendrá que:

Por tanto cada pseudocomponente tendrá un intervalo de :

𝑇(100)−𝑇(0)
ΔT = 𝑁º 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠
 666,316 − 95,45
ΔT = 30

ΔT= 19,029

Hallando EBP:
EBP = T(0) + ΔT

EBP = 95,45 + 19,029

EBP = 114,4789

Hallando NBP :

𝑇(0)+𝐸𝐵𝑃
NBP = 2

95,45+𝟏𝟏𝟒,𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟗
NBP = NBP = 104,9644
2

Evaluando:

y = 8E-08x5 - 2E-05x4 + 0,0028x3 - 0,146x2 + 4,3086x + 95,456

R² = 1

dónde : y = NBP
Y = NBP = 104,9644 Volumen sera / % Vol. = 2,39
Nº ΔT EBP NBP % VOL DE CORTE
1 19,029 114,4852711 104,9676356 2,39
2 19,029 145,522143 120,4860715 7,24
3 19,029 169,5507 132,50035 13,34
4 19,029 183,946473 139,6982365 18
5 19,029 198,142181 146,7960905 24
6 19,029 203,846957 149,6484785 26,16
7 19,029 222,875957 159,1629785 33,22
8 19,029 241,904957 168,6774785 39,28
9 19,029 260,933957 178,1919785 43,53
10 19,029 279,962957 187,7064785 47,39
11 19,029 298,991957 197,2209785 50,34
12 19,029 318,020957 206,7354785 53,22
13 19,029 337,049957 216,2499785 55,52
14 19,029 356,078957 225,7644785 57,84
15 19,029 375,107957 235,2789785 59,76
16 19,029 394,136957 244,7934785 61,73
17 19,029 413,165957 254,3079785 63,38
18 19,029 432,194957 263,8224785 65,09
19 19,029 451,223957 273,3369785 66,55
20 19,029 470,252957 282,8514785 68,08
21 19,029 489,281957 292,3659785 69,39
22 19,029 508,310957 301,8804785 70,78
23 19,029 527,339957 311,3949785 71,97
24 19,029 546,368957 320,9094785 73,24
25 19,029 565,397957 330,4239785 74,39
26 19,029 584,426957 339,9384785 75,51
27 19,029 603,455957 349,4529785 76,52
28 19,029 622,484957 358,9674785 77,61
29 19,029 641,513957 368,4819785 78,55
30 19,029 660,542957 377,9964785 79,57
Para E)

Sea la ecuación

1
(𝑀𝑒𝐴𝐵𝑃)3
K.O.P. = .........Ec. (1)
𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅

MeABP = VABP - Δ………Ec. (2)

𝑇(10)+𝑇(30)+𝑇(50)+𝑇(70)+𝑇(90)
VABP = 5
..............Ec. (3)

𝑇(90)−𝑇(10)
SL = 90−10
.................Ec.(4)

De (3 ) VABP = 126,49 + 150,522 + 164,92 + 179,11 + 184,82

5

VABP 161,1724
De la Ec. (4)
SL 0,729060173

Usando la ecuación: ln(Δ) = -0,94402 - 0,00865*(VABP-32)˄0,6667 + 2,99791*S ˄0,33

Δ= 4,63383
De la Ec. (2)
MeABP = 161,1724 – 4,63383
MeABP = 156,5386 (º F) = 616,5386 ( R )

De la Ecuación:
141.5 141.5
ºAPI = 𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅 − 131,5 42 = − 131,5SPGR = 0,8156
𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅

De la Ec. (1) se tendrá que:

1 1
(𝑀𝑒𝐴𝐵𝑃)3 (𝟔𝟏𝟔,𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟔 )3
K.O.P. = K.O.P. = K.O.P. = 10,44
𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅 𝟎,𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟔

Con la Ecuación: Donde: MeABP = NBP

K.O.P = 10,44 = CONSTANTE
1
(𝑀𝑒𝐴𝐵𝑃)3
𝐾. 𝑂. 𝑃 = 𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅
.........Ec. (1)

1
(𝑀𝑒𝐴𝐵𝑃)3
𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅 = ………………….se halla SPGR donde Meabp = NBP
𝐾.𝑂.𝑃.
 % VOL DE
Nº ΔT EBP NBP NBP ( R ) SPGR
CORTE
1 19,029 114,4852711 104,9676356 2,39 564,9676356 0,791845934
2 19,029 145,522143 120,4860715 7,24 580,4860715 0,799030645
3 19,029 169,5507 132,50035 13,34 592,50035 0,804505539
4 19,029 183,946473 139,6982365 18 599,6982365 0,807750233
5 19,029 198,142181 146,7960905 24 606,7960905 0,810924508
6 19,029 203,846957 149,6484785 26,16 609,6484785 0,812193169
7 19,029 222,875957 159,1629785 33,22 619,1629785 0,816396552
8 19,029 241,904957 168,6774785 39,28 628,6774785 0,82055709
9 19,029 260,933957 178,1919785 43,53 638,1919785 0,824675859
10 19,029 279,962957 187,7064785 47,39 647,7064785 0,828753893
11 19,029 298,991957 197,2209785 50,34 657,2209785 0,832792184
12 19,029 318,020957 206,7354785 53,22 666,7354785 0,836791686
13 19,029 337,049957 216,2499785 55,52 676,2499785 0,840753317
14 19,029 356,078957 225,7644785 57,84 685,7644785 0,844677962
15 19,029 375,107957 235,2789785 59,76 695,2789785 0,848566471
16 19,029 394,136957 244,7934785 61,73 704,7934785 0,852419665
17 19,029 413,165957 254,3079785 63,38 714,3079785 0,856238336
18 19,029 432,194957 263,8224785 65,09 723,8224785 0,860023246
19 19,029 451,223957 273,3369785 66,55 733,3369785 0,863775131
20 19,029 470,252957 282,8514785 68,08 742,8514785 0,867494704
21 19,029 489,281957 292,3659785 69,39 752,3659785 0,87118265
22 19,029 508,310957 301,8804785 70,78 761,8804785 0,874839633
23 19,029 527,339957 311,3949785 71,97 771,3949785 0,878466296
24 19,029 546,368957 320,9094785 73,24 780,9094785 0,882063259
25 19,029 565,397957 330,4239785 74,39 790,4239785 0,885631123
26 19,029 584,426957 339,9384785 75,51 799,9384785 0,889170469
27 19,029 603,455957 349,4529785 76,52 809,4529785 0,89268186
28 19,029 622,484957 358,9674785 77,61 818,9674785 0,896165843
29 19,029 641,513957 368,4819785 78,55 828,4819785 0,899622944
30 19,029 660,542957 377,9964785 79,57 837,9964785 0,903053678
 141.5
Hallando la º API con ……………………..ºAPI = 𝑆𝑃𝐺𝑅 − 131,5

Nº ΔT EBP NBP % VOL DE CORTE NBP ( R ) SPGR API

1 19,029 114,4852711 104,9676356 2,39 564,9676356 0,791845934 47,19637748
2 19,029 145,522143 120,4860715 7,24 580,4860715 0,799030645 45,58957841
3 19,029 169,5507 132,50035 13,34 592,50035 0,804505539 44,38443235
4 19,029 183,946473 139,6982365 18 599,6982365 0,807750233 43,67791297
5 19,029 198,142181 146,7960905 24 606,7960905 0,810924508 42,99219822
6 19,029 203,846957 149,6484785 26,16 609,6484785 0,812193169 42,71963804
7 19,029 222,875957 159,1629785 33,22 619,1629785 0,816396552 41,82263314
8 19,029 241,904957 168,6774785 39,28 628,6774785 0,82055709 40,94382112
9 19,029 260,933957 178,1919785 43,53 638,1919785 0,824675859 40,0825659
10 19,029 279,962957 187,7064785 47,39 647,7064785 0,828753893 39,23826275
11 19,029 298,991957 197,2209785 50,34 657,2209785 0,832792184 38,41033623
12 19,029 318,020957 206,7354785 53,22 666,7354785 0,836791686 37,59823842
13 19,029 337,049957 216,2499785 55,52 676,2499785 0,840753317 36,8014472
14 19,029 356,078957 225,7644785 57,84 685,7644785 0,844677962 36,01946473
15 19,029 375,107957 235,2789785 59,76 695,2789785 0,848566471 35,25181599
16 19,029 394,136957 244,7934785 61,73 704,7934785 0,852419665 34,49804741
17 19,029 413,165957 254,3079785 63,38 714,3079785 0,856238336 33,75772565
18 19,029 432,194957 263,8224785 65,09 723,8224785 0,860023246 33,03043647
19 19,029 451,223957 273,3369785 66,55 733,3369785 0,863775131 32,3157836
20 19,029 470,252957 282,8514785 68,08 742,8514785 0,867494704 31,61338776
21 19,029 489,281957 292,3659785 69,39 752,3659785 0,87118265 30,92288574
22 19,029 508,310957 301,8804785 70,78 761,8804785 0,874839633 30,2439295
23 19,029 527,339957 311,3949785 71,97 771,3949785 0,878466296 29,57618538
24 19,029 546,368957 320,9094785 73,24 780,9094785 0,882063259 28,91933331
25 19,029 565,397957 330,4239785 74,39 790,4239785 0,885631123 28,27306614
26 19,029 584,426957 339,9384785 75,51 799,9384785 0,889170469 27,63708893
27 19,029 603,455957 349,4529785 76,52 809,4529785 0,89268186 27,01111834
28 19,029 622,484957 358,9674785 77,61 818,9674785 0,896165843 26,39488205
29 19,029 641,513957 368,4819785 78,55 828,4819785 0,899622944 25,7881182
30 19,029 660,542957 377,9964785 79,57 837,9964785 0,903053678 25,1905749
 g)Graficar %Destilado vs ºAPI además
determinar el mejor ajuste % Volumen vs. º API y = -5E-09x5 + 2E-06x4 - 0.0003x3 + 0.0152x2 -
0.4388x + 48.135
R² = 1
Nº % VOL API
50
1 2,39 47,1963775
2 7,24 45,5895784 40
3 13,34 44,3844324
30

º API
4 18 43,677913
5 24 42,9921982 20 API
6 26,16 42,719638 Poly. (API)
10
7 33,22 41,8226331
8 39,28 40,9438211 0
9 43,53 40,0825659 0 20 40 60 80 100
10 47,39 39,2382628 % Volumen
11 50,34 38,4103362
12 53,22 37,5982384
13 55,52 36,8014472
14 57,84 36,0194647
15 59,76 35,251816
16 61,73 34,4980474
17 63,38 33,7577257
18 65,09 33,0304365
19 66,55 32,3157836
20 68,08 31,6133878
21 69,39 30,9228857
22 70,78 30,2439295
23 71,97 29,5761854
24 73,24 28,9193333
25 74,39 28,2730661
26 75,51 27,6370889
27 76,52 27,0111183
28 77,61 26,3948821
29 78,55 25,7881182
30 79,57 25,1905749
G)Graficar ºAPI vs %Destilado, además determinar y = 0,0002x5 - 0,0295x4 + 2,0375x3 -
el mejor ajuste º API vs. % Volumen 69,548x2 + 1171,5x - 7707,1
Nº API % VOL R² = 0,9991
90
1 47,1963775 2,39 80
2 45,5895784 7,24 70
3 44,3844324 13,34 60

% Volumen
4 43,677913 18 50 % VOL DE CORTE
5 42,9921982 24 40
6 42,719638 26,16 30
Poly. (% VOL DE
7 41,8226331 33,22 20 CORTE)
8 40,9438211 39,28 10
9 40,0825659 43,53 0
10 39,2382628 47,39 0 10 20 30 40 50
11 38,4103362 50,34 º API
12 37,5982384 53,22
13 36,8014472 55,52
14 36,0194647 57,84
15 35,251816 59,76
16 34,4980474 61,73
17 33,7577257 63,38
18 33,0304365 65,09
19 32,3157836 66,55
20 31,6133878 68,08
21 30,9228857 69,39
22 30,2439295 70,78
23 29,5761854 71,97
24 28,9193333 73,24
25 28,2730661 74,39
26 27,6370889 75,51
27 27,0111183 76,52
28 26,3948821 77,61
29 25,7881182 78,55
30 25,1905749 79,57
Para I)Graficar MW vs %Destilado, realizar el
ajuste SPGR vs. % Volumen 5
y = -5E+07x + 2E+08x4 - 4E+08x3 + 3E+08x2 - 1E+08x +
Nº SPGR % VOL 2E+07
90 R² = 0.9986
1 0,79184593 2,39
2 0,79903065 7,24 80
3 0,80450554 13,34 70
4 0,80775023 18
60
5 0,81092451 24

% Volumen
6 0,81219317 26,16 50
7 0,81639655 33,22 40 % VOL
8 0,82055709 39,28 Poly. (% VOL )
30
9 0,82467586 43,53
10 0,82875389 47,39 20
11 0,83279218 50,34 10
12 0,83679169 53,22
0
13 0,84075332 55,52
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95
14 0,84467796 57,84
SPGR
15 0,84856647 59,76
16 0,85241967 61,73
17 0,85623834 63,38
18 0,86002325 65,09
19 0,86377513 66,55
20 0,8674947 68,08
21 0,87118265 69,39
22 0,87483963 70,78
23 0,8784663 71,97
24 0,88206326 73,24
25 0,88563112 74,39
26 0,88917047 75,51
27 0,89268186 76,52
28 0,89616584 77,61
29 0,89962294 78,55
30 0,90305368 79,57