Pilotguide

Contract No.
: 11050215
Construction Of Four New 132/11kV Substation

In North Kuwait, Burgan & Ahmadi.
Doc. No. : 11050215-IEA-RPT-001
Earthing Calculation & Design Drawing
A 03-June-12 For Approval J R MANI ASHIF HISHAM
Rev Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved

Contract Number Document No. Rev Date
11050215 11050215-IEA-RPT-001 A 03-June-12 Page 2 of 23
INDEX
Sl. No. Description Page No
1.0 Scope 3
2.0 Reference Documents 3
3.0 Codes And Standards 3
4.0 Atmospheric and General Design Parameters 3
5.0 Design Criteria 4
6.0 Main Earthing Conductor for 132/11kV Substation
6.1 Grounding Conductor Size Calculation 4
7.0 Earthing Calculation for Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation
7.1 Grid Resistance Calculation 6
7.2 Ground Rod Resistance Calculation 7
7.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation 7
8.0 Earthing Calculation for Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation
9.0 Earthing Calculation for Raudatain “D” 132/11kV Substation
10.0 Earthing Calculation for Burgan Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation
10.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation
11.0 The touch, step and GPR Potential Calculation 16
12.0 Attachments 23
1.0 Scope:
The intent of these Earthing calculations is to present a method for calculating the
size of the Ground Conductor, and ensuring its adequacy, based on considerations
given in the relevant MEW standard Specifications, and Project requirements.
2.0 Reference Documents:
11050215-IAH-EE-DWG-025 Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout
11050215-IBR-EE-DWG-025 Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout
Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation Earthing

11050215-IRD-EE-DWG-025
Layout
11050215-ISB-EE-DWG-025 Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout
3.0 Codes and Standards:
IEEE 80-2000 Guide for safety in AC Substation grounding

Electrical installation of buildings - Part 5:
Selection and erection of electrical equipment -
IEC 60364-5-523
Chapter 52: Wiring systems - Section 523:
Current-carrying capacities
Guide to the short-circuit temperature limits of
IEC 60986 electric cables with a rated voltage from 1.8 / 3
(3.6) kV to 18 / 30 (36) kV
BS 7430:1998 Code of practice for Earthing
4.0 Atmospheric and General Design Parameters:
Ambient Temperature (Design) : -6 ºC to 52ºC
Relative Humidity : 100% at 30 ºC
System Details:
The electrical power system utilization voltages of the company are as below:
High Voltage : 132kV, 3Phase, 3Wire, 50Hz, Low Impedance Earth Neutral
Low Voltage : 440V, 3Phase, 4Wire, 50 Hz, Solid Earth Neutral.

Earth connection to the main earth ring via earth bars shall be provided for the
following equipment:
¾ 132KV Gas Insulated Switchgear.
¾ Relay Protection panel, Battery Charger panel & all substation equipments.
¾ 30MVA & 250kVA Transformers
¾ Lighting Poles... etc.,
5.0 Design Criteria:
Earthing conductor type: Bare copper Tape
Earthing electrodes : 6m x 19mm diameter copper rod.
For the purpose of calculation the design line to ground fault at 132kV GIS &
30MVA transformer are considered as 40kA for 3 second. Substation Earthing
conductor size, a design value of 40kA is considered.
As per MEW Standard MEW/SS/1 sub clause 1.9, Earthing system consisting
6m x 19mm diameter copper bonded ground rods located at each of the four corner of
the substation and driven to a depth of 6m at each point. The length of the buried
electrode shall be driven to achieve resistance to the general mass of earth of not
more than 1 ohm.
6.0 Main Earthing Conductor for 132/11kV Substation:
With reference to MEW/SS/1, Pg. 6 of 183, Clause 1.9, the size of the Earthing /
Bonding connections shall be minimum 300sq.mm for 132/11kV substation that the
associated current carrying conductor has a maximum cross section of 30 x 5mm
& 25 x 3mm. However, considering the long length and requirements a bare copper
conductor size 300 sq.mm (50 x 6mm) is selected, and the same meets the
requirement easily.
6.1 Grounding conductor size:
As per Equation 37 of IEEE 80-2000,
⎡ TCAP x 10 −4 ⎤ ⎡ K 0 + Tm ⎤
I l − g = Ac x ⎢ ⎥ x ln ⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ t c x α r x ρ r ⎦⎥ ⎣ K 0 + Ta ⎦
Where,
Ac - Required conductor cross section in sq.mm
α r- Thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature (20oC)
ρr - Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature (20oC)
Il-g - RMS fault current in kA = 40
tc - Short circuit current duration = 3. Sec.
TCAP - Thermal capacity factor in J/ (cm3.oC)
Tm - Maximum allowable temperature for brazed joints in oC
Ta - Ambient Temperature in oC = 50
Ko - Factor is equal to 1/ αo
The data taken from IEEE 80-2000, Clause 11.3
Copper conductor annealed soft drawn are as follows: (refer attachment #1)
Thermal co-efficient of resistivity, at 20 oC, αr = 0.00393
Resistivity of ground conductor at 20 oC, ρr = 1.72 Ohm.cm
Thermal capacity factor, TCAP = 3.42 J/ (cm3.oC)
Maximum allowable temperature for brazed joints, in oC, Tm = 1083
Factor, Ko at 0oC = 234
Substituting the above values in the formula,
⎡ 3 .42 x 10 − 4 ⎤ ⎡ 234 + 1083 ⎤

I l − g = Ac x ⎢ ⎥ x ln ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 x 0 .00393 x 1 .72 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 234 + 50 ⎦
Il − g = A c x 0.0168 x l n 4 . 64
I l− g = Ac x 0.16
A c = I l − g ÷ 0.16
A c = 40 ÷ 0.16
Ac = 249.50 mm 2
As per single line diagram bus fault is 40kA at 132kV Bus. Therefore the
size of main ground conductor to be buried underground for interconnection of
ground pits at the 132/11kV substation will be 300mm² which can withstand fault
current of 40kA. The spare capacity available with 300mm² (50x6mm) bare copper
conductors is 16.83 %.
7.0 Earthing Calculation for Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation:
7.1 Earthing Grid resistance:
With reference to Drawing no. 11050215-IAH-EE-DWG-025

Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout.
Grid dimensions =68 Mtrs. x 63 Mtrs.
Grid resistance can be calculated using Eq. 52 of IEEE 80-2000,
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = ρ ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥⎬
⎪⎩ L 20 x A ⎢⎣ 1 + h 20 / A ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
where,
ρ - Soil resistivity in Ohm-meter,
Refer attachment # 2 Soil Resistivity for the new location substation are as below as
per the report by M/s.INCO – LABS.
ρ= 89 + 30.32 + 26.94 + 14 + 12.30

5
= 34.51 ohm-m
ρ = 34.51 ohm-meter (Avg.)
(Soil resistivity values, arithmetic average of soil resistivity values is considered as

per IEEE 80-2000, Clause 13.4.1 for approximate uniform soil resistivity)
L - Total buried length of ground conductor in meter
L = Outer earth ring + Inner earth ring + Interconnection two ring

L = (262) + (144) + (198) = 604 meters
A - Grid area in sq. meter = (68 x 63) = 4284 sq. meters

h - Depth of burial in meter = 1 meter
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = 34.51 ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 604 20 x 4284 ⎢⎣ 1+ 1 20 / 4284 ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎪⎫
Rg = 34.51 ⎨ 0.0016 + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 292.71 ⎢⎣ 1 + 1 (0.068) ⎦ ⎪⎭
Rg = 0.28 Ohm
7.2 Ground rod resistance:

As per MEW/SS/1 Standard clause 1.9, Earth electrode shall be driven directly into the
ground to a minimum depth of 6 meters.
The ground rod bed resistance shall be calculated using Eq. 55 of IEEE 80-2000 as
follow:
Lr – Length of copper electrode = 6 meter

nr – numbers of copper electrode = 8
b – Diameter of copper electrode = 0.019 meter
k1 – Coefficient = 1
R2 =
ρ ⎧ ⎡ 4 x Lr ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
2 x π x nr x Lr ⎩ ⎥ −1+
2 x k1 x Lr
( 2 ⎫
nr − 1 ⎬ )
⎣ b ⎦ A ⎭
⎧⎪ ⎫
R2 =
34.51
2xπ x8 x 6
⎡ 4x6 ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
⎪⎩
⎥ − 1 +
⎣ 0.019 ⎦
2x1x6
4284.
( 8 − 1 )
2⎪
⎬
⎪⎭
R2 = 0.84 Ω
As per MEW Standard, sub clause 1.9, a sufficient number of earth electrodes located
at each of the four corner of the substation and driven to a depth of 6m at each point
to achieve resistance to the general mass of earth of not more than 1 ohm.
7.3 Grounding system resistance:
Grounding system resistance can be calculated using equation 53 of IEEE 80-2000 as

follows:
Rg x R2 − Rm2
Rs =
Rg + R2 − 2Rm
Where,
Rg - Grounding resistance of grid conductors in Ohm
R2 - Ground resistance of earth electrode in Ohm
Rm - Mutual ground resistance between the group of ground conductors, Rg

and group of ground rods, R2 in ohm.
Neglected Rm, since this is for homogenous soil,
Grounding system resistance Rs = (0.28 x 0.84) / (0.28 + 0.84)
Rs = 0.21 ohm. < 1 ohm.
Hence the calculated grounding system resistance is less than the minimum
acceptable value of 1 ohm.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The calculated ground system resistance values for Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV
substation (0.21 ohm) are less than the allowable 1 ohm as specified in MEW/SS/1,
sub clause 1.9.
The recommended earth ring conductor for Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV substation shall be
300 sq.mm (50x6mm) bare copper conductors.
Hence, the calculated Earthing system design is in order.
8.0 Earthing Calculation for Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation:

With reference to Drawing no. 11050215-IBR-EE-DWG-025
Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout.
Grid dimensions = 68 Mtrs. x 63 Mtrs.
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = ρ ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥⎬
⎪⎩ L 20 x A ⎣⎢ 1 + h 20 / A ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
where,
per the report by M/s.INCO – LABS.
72.84 + 68.32 + 45.97 + 26.37 + 19.72

ρ= 5
= 46.64 ohm-m



L = (262) + (144) + (273) = 679 meters
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = 46.64 ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 679 20 x 4284 ⎢⎣ 1+ 1 20 / 4284 ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ ⎡ ⎤ ⎪⎫
1 1
Rg = 46.64 ⎨ 0.0014 + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 292.71 ⎢⎣ 1 + 1 (0.068) ⎦ ⎪⎭
Rg = 0.35 Ohm

follow:

R2 =
ρ ⎧ ⎡ 4 x Lr ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
2 x π x nr x Lr ⎩ ⎥ −1+
2 x k1 x Lr
( )
2 ⎫
nr − 1 ⎬
⎣ b ⎦ A ⎭
⎧⎪ ⎫
R2 =
46.64
2xπ x8 x 6
⎡ 4x6 ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
⎪⎩
⎥ − 1 +
⎣ 0.019 ⎦
2x1x6
4284
(8 − 1 ) ⎪⎬⎪
2
⎭
R2 = 1.14 Ω

follows:
Rg x R2 − Rm2
Rs =
Rg + R2 − 2Rm
Where,

Rs = 0.26 ohm. < 1 ohm.
The calculated ground system resistance values for Burgan “C” 132/11kV
sub clause 1.9.
The recommended earth ring conductor for Burgan “C” 132/11kV substation shall be
9.0 Earthing Calculation for Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation:
With reference to Drawing no. 11050215-IRD-EE-DWG-025

Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout.
Grid dimensions = 68 Mtrs. X 63 Mtrs.
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎪⎫
Rg = ρ ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥⎬
⎪⎩ L 20 x A ⎣⎢ 1 + h 20 / A ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
where,
per the report by M/s.Gulf Inspection Int’l Co.
ρ= 31.40 + 57.45 + 37.68 + 31.40 + 46.15

5
= 40.81 ohm-m


L = (262) + (144) + (198) = 604 meters
⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = 40.81 ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 604 20 x 4284 ⎢⎣ 1+ 1 20 / 4284 ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ ⎡ ⎤ ⎪⎫
1 1
Rg = 40.81 ⎨ 0.0016 + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 292.71 ⎢⎣ 1 + 1 (0.068) ⎦ ⎪⎭
Rg = 0.33 Ohm
As per MEW/SS/1 Standard clause 1.9, Earth electrode shall be driven directly
into the ground to a minimum depth of 6 meters.
follow:

nr – Numbers of copper electrode = 8
R2 =
ρ ⎧ ⎡ 4 x Lr ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
2 x π x nr x Lr ⎩ ⎥ − 1 +
2 x k1 x Lr
( )2 ⎫
nr − 1 ⎬
⎣ b ⎦ A ⎭
⎧⎪ ⎫
R2 =
2xπ x8
40.81
x6
⎡ 4x6 ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
⎪⎩
⎥ − 1 +
⎣ 0.019 ⎦
2x1x6
(8 − 1 ) ⎪⎬⎪
2
4284 ⎭
R2 = 1.00 Ω

follows:
Rg x R2 − Rm2
Rs =
Rg + R2 − 2Rm
Where,

Rs = 0.24 ohm. < 1 ohm.
The calculated ground system resistance values for Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV
sub clause 1.9.
The recommended earth ring conductor for Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV substation shall
be 300 sq.mm (50x6mm) bare copper conductors.
Hence, the calculated Ear thing system design is in order.

10.0 Earthing Calculation for Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation:

With reference to Drawing no. 11050215-ISB-EE-DWG-025
Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation Ear thing Layout.
Grid dimensions = 68 Mtrs. x 63 Mtrs.

⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = ρ ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥⎬
⎪⎩ L 20 x A ⎣⎢ 1 + h 20 / A ⎦⎥ ⎪⎭
where,
per the report by M/s.Gulf Inspection Int’l Co.
30.14 + 27 + 17.89 + 31.71 + 23.55

ρ=
5
= 26.05 ohm-m


L = (262) + (144) + (198) = 604 meters

⎧⎪ 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎫⎪
Rg = 26.05 ⎨ + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎪⎩ 604 20 x 4284 ⎢⎣ 1+ 1 20 / 4284 ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ ⎡ ⎤ ⎪⎫
1 1
Rg = 26.05 ⎨ 0.0016 + ⎢1 + ⎥ ⎬
⎩⎪
292.71 ⎢⎣ 1 + 1 (0.068) ⎦ ⎪⎭
Rg = 0.21 Ohm
follow:

R2 =
ρ
2 x π x n r x Lr
⎧ ⎡ 4 x Lr ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢ ⎥ − 1 +
2 x k1 x Lr
( )
2 ⎫
nr − 1 ⎬
⎩ ⎣ b ⎦ A ⎭
⎧⎪ ⎫
R2 =
2xπ x8
26.05
x6
⎡ 4x6 ⎤
⎨ ln ⎢
⎪⎩
⎥ − 1 +
⎣ 0.019 ⎦
2x1x6
(8 − 1 ) ⎪⎬⎪
2
4284 ⎭
R2 = 0.64 Ω
As per MEW Standard, sub clause 1.9, a sufficient number of earth electrodes
located at each of the four corner of the substation and driven to a depth of 6m at
each point to achieve resistance to the general mass of earth of not more than 1 ohm.

follows:
Rg x R2 − Rm2
Rs =
Rg + R2 − 2Rm
Where,


Rs = 0.15 ohm. < 1 ohm.
The calculated ground system resistance values for Sabriya “B” 132/11kV
sub clause 1.9.
The recommended earth ring conductor for Sabriya “B” 132/11kV substation shall be
11.0 The touch, step and GPR potential calculations for an earthing grid design
Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation:
Soil Resistivity:
The soil resistivity around the site was measured with a Wenner four-pin probe and
found to be Avg. value 34.51 Ω.m.
Surface Layer Materials:
A thin 100mm layer of surface material (5000 Ω.m) as per IEEE Std 80
Table 7 – Typical surface material resistivity.
The surface layer derating factor is:

Where,
Cs - Surface layer derating factor
ρs - Resistivity of the surface layer material (Ω.m)
ρ - Soil resistivity (Ω.m)
hs - Thickness of the surface layer (m)

0 . 09 (1 − 34 . 51 / 5000 )
Cs = 1 −
2 * 0 . 1 + 0 . 09
=0.691
IEEE Std 80 Section 15.9 calculating the current division factor. In the most
conservative case, a current Sf = 0.6 division factor of can be applied, meaning that
100% of earth fault current flows back through remote earth.
The power system study 5500 A of maximum single phase to earth fault at HV winding
of the transformer.
The symmetrical grid current Ig is calculated by:

Ig = Ik,e * Sf
= 5500 * 0.6
= 3300A
Decrement factor, Df:
The decrement factor is Df and is used to determine the effective current during a
given time interval after inception of a fault, whereas the multiplying factors given by
IEEE C37.010-1979 [B84] are used to determine the rms current at the end of this
interval. Table 10 – Typical values Df is 1.052.
Finally, The maximum grid current IG is lastly calculated by:
IG = Ig * Df
IG = 3300 * 1.052
= 3.471kA.
Touch and Step Potential Criteria:
The maximum tolerable voltages for step and touch scenarios can be calculated
empirically from IEEE Std Section 8.3 for body weights of assumed 70kg:
Touch voltage limit - the maximum potential difference between the surface potential
and the potential of an earthed conducting structure during a fault (due to ground
potential rise):
Etouch = (1000 + 1.5 * 0.691 * 5000)*0.222

= 1372 V
Step voltage limit - is the maximum difference in surface potential experience by a

person bridging a distance of 1m with the feet without contact to any earthed object:
The maximum fault duration = 0.5 Sec.
Where,
ts - Maximum fault clearing time (s)
Estep = (1000 + 6* 0.691 * 5000) * 0.222

= 4824 V
Ground Potential Rise (GPR)

The maximum potential raise is:
GPR = IG * Rg
= 3,471*0.28
= 971 V
The maximum allowable Etouch potential is 1,372V which below the GPR 971 V, Having
passed both touch and step potential criteria, we can conclude that the earthing
system is safe.
Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation:
Soil Resistivity:
Table 7 – Typical surface material resistivites.

Where,
0 . 09 (1 − 46 . 64 / 5000 )
Cs = 1 −
2 * 0 . 1 + 0 . 09
=0.692
of the transformer.

Ig = Ik,e * Sf
= 5500 * 0.6
= 3300 A.
IG = Ig * Df
IG = 3300 * 1.052
= 3.471kA.
potential rise):
Etouch = (1000 + 1.5 * 0.692 * 5000)*0.222

= 1374 V

Where,
Estep = (1000 + 6* 0.692 * 5000) * 0.222

= 4830 V

GPR = IG * Rg
= 3,471*0.35
= 1,214 V
The maximum allowable Etouch potential is 1,374V, which below the GPR 1,214V,
having passed both touch and step potential criteria, we can conclude that the
earthing system is safe.
Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation:
Soil Resistivity:
Table 7 – Typical surface material resistivites.

Where,
0 . 09 (1 − 40 . 81 / 5000 )
Cs = 1 −
2 * 0 . 1 + 0 . 09
=0.693
of the transformer.

Ig = Ik,e * Sf
= 5500 * 0.6
= 3300 A.
IG = Ig * Df
IG = 3300 * 1.052
= 3.471kA.
potential rise):
Etouch = (1000 + 1.5 * 0.693 * 5000)*0.222

= 1375 V

Where,
Estep = (1000 + 6* 0.693 * 5000) * 0.222

= 4837 V

GPR = IG * Rg
= 3,471*0.33
= 1145 V
The maximum allowable Etouch potential is 1375 V, which below the GPR 1145 V,
Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation:
Soil Resistivity:
Table 7 – Typical surface material resistivity.

Where,
0 . 09 (1 − 26 . 05 / 5000 )
Cs = 1 −
2 * 0 . 1 + 0 . 09
=0.693
of the transformer.

Ig = Ik,e * Sf
= 5500 * 0.6
= 3300A
IG = Ig * Df
IG = 3300 * 1.052
= 3.471kA.
potential rise):
Etouch = (1000 + 1.5 * 0.693 * 5000)*0.222

= 1375 V

Where,
Estep = (1000 + 6* 0.693 * 5000) * 0.222

= 4837 V

GPR = IG * Rg
= 3,471*0.21
= 728 V
The maximum allowable Etouch potential is 1375 V, which below the GPR 728 V,
12.0 Attachments:
1) IEEE Std 80‐2000:
a) Table: 1 Material constant
b) Conductor sizing factor (Ac)
c) Earthing Grid resistance (Rg)
d) Ground Rod resistance (R2 )
e) Ground system resistance (Rs )
d) Touch (Etouch )and Step (Estep) Potential Criteria
2) Soil Electrical Resistivity Tests Report:
3) Earthing Design Drawing:
a) Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation.
b) Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation.
c) Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation.
d) Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation.

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Contract No.

Construction Of Four New 132/11kV Substation

Doc. No. : 11050215-IEA-RPT-001

Earthing Calculation & Design Drawing

A 03-June-12 For Approval J R MANI ASHIF HISHAM

Rev Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved

11050215 11050215-IEA-RPT-001 A 03-June-12 Page 2 of 23

Sl. No. Description Page No

2.0 Reference Documents 3

3.0 Codes And Standards 3

4.0 Atmospheric and General Design Parameters 3

5.0 Design Criteria 4

6.0 Main Earthing Conductor for 132/11kV Substation

6.1 Grounding Conductor Size Calculation 4

7.0 Earthing Calculation for Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation

7.1 Grid Resistance Calculation 6

7.2 Ground Rod Resistance Calculation 7

7.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation 7

8.0 Earthing Calculation for Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation

8.1 Grid Resistance Calculation 8

8.2 Ground Rod Resistance Calculation 9

8.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation 10

9.0 Earthing Calculation for Raudatain “D” 132/11kV Substation

9.1 Grid Resistance Calculation 10

9.2 Ground Rod Resistance Calculation 11

9.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation 12

10.0 Earthing Calculation for Burgan Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation

10.1 Grid Resistance Calculation 13

10.2 Ground Rod Resistance Calculation 14

10.3 Grounding System Resistance Calculation

11.0 The touch, step and GPR Potential Calculation 16

11050215 11050215-IEA-RPT-001 A 03-June-12 Page 3 of 23

2.0 Reference Documents:

11050215-IAH-EE-DWG-025 Ahmadi “E” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout

11050215-IBR-EE-DWG-025 Burgan “C” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout

Raudhatain “D” 132/11kV Substation Earthing

11050215-ISB-EE-DWG-025 Sabriya “B” 132/11kV Substation Earthing Layout

3.0 Codes and Standards:

IEEE 80-2000 Guide for safety in AC Substation grounding

4.0 Atmospheric and General Design Parameters:

Ambient Temperature (Design) : -6 ºC to 52ºC

Relative Humidity : 100% at 30 ºC

Low Voltage : 440V, 3Phase, 4Wire, 50 Hz, Solid Earth Neutral.

11050215 11050215-IEA-RPT-001 A 03-June-12 Page 4 of 23

¾ 132KV Gas Insulated Switchgear.

¾ 30MVA & 250kVA Transformers

¾ Lighting Poles... etc.,

5.0 Design Criteria:

Earthing conductor type: Bare copper Tape

Earthing electrodes : 6m x 19mm diameter copper rod.

6.0 Main Earthing Conductor for 132/11kV Substation:

6.1 Grounding conductor size:

As per Equation 37 of IEEE 80-2000,

11050215 11050215-IEA-RPT-001 A 03-June-12 Page 5 of 23

Ac - Required conductor cross section in sq.mm

α r- Thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature (20oC)

ρr - Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature (20oC)

Il-g - RMS fault current in kA = 40

tc - Short circuit current duration = 3. Sec.

TCAP - Thermal capacity factor in J/ (cm3.oC)

Tm - Maximum allowable temperature for brazed joints in oC

The data taken from IEEE 80-2000, Clause 11.3

Thermal co-efficient of resistivity, at 20 oC, αr = 0.00393