UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE

MOTORES III
CICLO ATKINSON

Ramiro Rosero Añazco

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA EN MANTENIMIENTO AUTOMOTRIZ - 2018

TEMARIO
1. CICLO TERMODINÁMICO
2. FUNCIONAMIENTO
3. VENTAJAS / INCONVENIENTES
4. APLICACIONES
James
Atkinson US Patent 367496, 1887

1848 – 1914
Ingeniero británico
inventor de motor de
ciclo Atkinson en 1882.
Fue premiado con la
medalla John Scott
Medal del Franklin
Institute en 1889.
* Key features of Atkinson cycle are a long expansion stroke
which allows extraction of more energy. The short compression
stroke reduces pumping losses.
 PRINCIPIO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
CICLO ATKINSON
En el motor de ciclo Atkinson la
carrera de compresión dura
menos que la carrera de
expansión (reduciendo la
duración efectiva de la carrera de
compresión con respecto a la de
expansión del tradicional ciclo
Otto).
Esto con el objeto de aprovechar
mejor la energía liberada durante
la combustión de la gasolina.
Como hay una menor mezcla en
el cilindro, la potencia es inferior
al de un motor Otto de la misma
cilindrada, pero la eficiencia
termodinámica del Atkinson es
más alta.
CICLO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
CICLO TEÓRICO ATKINSON
Pressure shown as function of volume within
cylinder as piston moves from TDC to BDC.
The four strokes are D–E, compression; E–
A–B, expansion; B–C, exhaust; and C–D,
intake.

The magnitude of pumping loss depends on

the throttle setting. At full throttle, the
pumping loss ratio is 1%–3%. At partial
throttle, the pumping loss ratio is much
larger being 30%–40%.

Point D, which is below ambient pressure, is

a partial vacuum. Also point D is equal to
manifold pressure. In the Otto cycle, the
intake valve closes at D, and the charge is
being compressed.
Relación de compresión
CICLO ATKINSON

Displacement, D, clearance
volume, c, are used to
define compression and
expansion ratios. CR, r
FUNCIONAMIENTO
The design allows retaining and designing any compression ratio desired. The results are improved engine
efficiency which is provided at the expense of power.
 VENTAJAS

Key features of Atkinson cycle are a long

expansion stroke which allows extraction of more
energy. The short compression stroke reduces
pumping losses. The design allows retaining and
designing any compression ratio desired. The
results are:
- improved engine efficiency
- Less mechanical effort and pumping loss
- Silent engine
- Less PM emissions

Net energy = Indicated energy - Pumping loss

PROBLEMÁTICA

Due to the reduced charge, discussed

presently, the power an engine speed is
reduced compared to the same engine of
equal displacement. “Charge” is the
maximum mass of fuel plus air in the
cylinder; usually this mass occurs when
the piston is at TDC and all valves are
(nearly) closed ready for expansion stroke.
 APLICACIONES
Chevrolet Volt
Chrysler Pacifica (front-wheel drive) plug-in hybrid model minivan
Ford C-Max (front-wheel drive / US market) hybrid and plug-in hybrid models
Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner/Mazda Tribute electric (front- and four-wheel drive)
with a compression ratio of 12.4:1
Ford Fusion Hybrid/Mercury Milan Hybrid/Lincoln MKZ Hybrid electric (front-
wheel drive) with a compression ratio of 12.3:1
Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid[9]
Honda Accord Hybrid (front-wheel drive)
Honda Clarity Plug-In Hybrid[10]
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid (front-wheel drive)
Hyundai Elantra Atkinson-cycle models
Hyundai Grandeur hybrid (front-wheel drive)
Hyundai Ioniq hybrid, plug-in hybrid (front-wheel drive)
Infiniti M35h hybrid (rear-wheel drive)
Kia Niro hybrid (front-wheel drive)
 APLICACIONES
Kia Optima Hybrid Kia K5 hybrid 500h (front-wheel drive) with a compression ratio of 13:1
Kia Cadenza Hybrid Kia K7 hybrid 700h (front-wheel drive)
Lexus CT 200h (front-wheel drive)
Lexus ES 300h (front-wheel drive)
Lexus GS 450h hybrid electric (rear-wheel drive) with a compression ratio of 13:1
Lexus RC F (rear-wheel drive)
Lexus GS F (rear-wheel drive)
Lexus HS 250h (front-wheel drive)
Lexus IS 200t (2016)[11]
Lexus NX hybrid electric (four-wheel drive)
Lexus RX 450h hybrid electric (four-wheel drive)
Mazda Mazda6 (2013 for the 2014 model year)
Mercedes ML450 Hybrid (four-wheel drive) electric
Mercedes S400 Blue Hybrid (rear-wheel drive) electric
 APLICACIONES
Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (2018 for the 2019 model year, plug-in hybrid four-wheel drive)[12]
Toyota Camry Hybrid electric (front-wheel drive) with a compression ratio of 12.5:1
Toyota Highlander Hybrid (2011 and newer)[13]
Toyota Prius hybrid electric (front-wheel drive) with a (purely geometric) compression ratio of
13.0:1
Toyota Yaris Hybrid (front-wheel drive) with a compression ratio of 13.4:1
Toyota Auris Hybrid (front-wheel drive)
Toyota Tacoma V6 (beginning in 2015 for the 2016 model year)
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid (beginning in 2015 for the 2016 model year)
Toyota Sienna (2016 for the 2017 model year)