[TERRY LEE] HSC Ext 2 2008 Solution

 
12

Question 1  (iii)  2 cis   26 cis   64 .
 12 
3x 2

1 1
(a) dx   C . (c) Let z = x + iy,
3 (5  x ) 3 2
3(5  x3 )
z 2  z 2  x 2  y 2  2ixy  x 2  y 2  2ixy


1 2dx 1
(b)  tan 1 (2 x)  C .  2 x2  2 y 2 .
2 4x  1 2
2

 2 x 2  2 y 2  8.

1
x
(c)  tan 1 x dx   x tan 1 x  
1
dx
0
0 1 x
2 x 2  y 2  4.
1 The locus is a rectangular hyperbola.
 1 
  x tan 1 x  ln(1  x 2 )  z  z z
 2 0 (d) (i) M   (   )
2 2
 1
  ln 2. z 2 2 2 2 
4 2   cos  i sin  cos  i sin 
2 3 3 3 3 
u2  1
(d) Let u 2  2 x  1, 2udu  2dx, x  . z 2 2
2   2cos  z cos
2 3 3
When x  1, u  1; when x  2, u  3.
z
 .
 
3 3
u du du 3
   tan 1 u  2
1 u2  1 1 u 1
2 1
(ii) M is also the midpoint of PS,
u
2 ps
M .
    2
 2    .
3 4 6 z zs
  .
4  2x 2 2
 
1 1
2x
(e) dx  dx  s  2 z.
0 2  2x  x 0 2 x
2 2

2  2x
   Question 3 
1 1 1
2 2x
 dx  dx  dx
0 2  2 x  x 2
0 ( x  1) 2
1 0 2  x2 (a) (i)
1
   ln(2  2 x  x )  2 tan ( x  1)  ln(2  x ) 
2 1 2
0

2 
 ln  2   ln 2
1 4
1

 .
2

Question 2  (ii)
(a) a  ib  1  6  3i  2i  7  i .
 a  7, b  1.
(1  i 3)(1  i ) (1  3)  i ( 3  1)
(b) (i)  .
(1  i )(1  i ) 2 1
 
(ii) 1  i 3  2cis ,1  i  2 cis
3 4

2cis

1 i 3
 3  2 cis  . (iii)
1 i  12
2 cis
4
 1 3
(iii)  2 cos  . 1
12 2
 1 3 2 6 1  1  4 1  3i
 cos   . (b) (i) z 2   .
12 2 2 4 2 2

  Page 1 
 [TERRY LEE] HSC Ext 2 2008 Solution

As z 2 is not real, z is not real. p(z) has no real roots. Using the result of part (ii)
(ii)  6  1  ( 2 )3  1  ( 2  1)( 4   2  1) . 1 1
 8  (2  k )   2  (6  6  2k  4)
If a is a root of 1  z 2  z 4 = 0, it satisfies z 6  1  0 . 2 2
 6  1. 16  8k  32  4k .
(iii) Substitute z by  2 , 4k  16.
1   4   8  1   4   6 . 2 k  4.
The board touches the ground at a point 6 m from the
1 4  2  0
fence.
  2 is a zero of p(z). (iv) The lengths of the boards, let them be s and t, can be
found by Pythagoras’ theorem:



(c) (i) I n  I n 1 
4
(tan 2 n   tan 2( n 1)  )d s  82  62  10, t  82  (6  9) 2  17 .
0 Using the same result of part (ii),

1 1

 tan 2( n 1)  (tan 2   1)d  9  8   r  (9  10  17)
4

0
2 2
72

r   2 units.

 tan 2( n 1)  sec 2  d
4
36
0

2 x 2 y dy
 tan 2 n 1   4 1 (b) (i)   0.
   . a 2 b 2 dx
 2n  1  0 2n  1 dy b2 x
1 1  2 .
(ii) I 3  I 2  , I 2  I1  , I1  I 0  1 dx a y
5 3
b 2 x1

 At P ( x1 , y1 ), m   .
I0 
 1d  a 2 y1
4
.
0 4 Eqn of the tangent:
1  1     13  b 2 x1
 I 3     1      . y  y1   ( x  x1 )
5 3  4   15 4 a 2 y1

(d) Resolving the forces a 2 y1 y  a 2 y12  b 2 x1 x  b 2 x12 .

Vertically, mg  T cos  . (1) b 2 x1 x  a 2 y1 y  a 2 y12  b 2 x12 .
Horizontally, T sin   mr 2  m sin  2 . x1 x y1 y x12 y12
  2  2
m 2  T (2) a2 b2 a b
(2) m 2 T x1 x y1 y
gives  .   1 (since ( x1 , y1 )  ellipse) (1)
(1) mg T cos  a2 b2
g xx y y
 2  . (ii) Similarly, the tangent at Q is 22  22 = 1. (2)
 cos  a b
(x  x ) (y  y )
(1)  (2) gives 1 2 2 x  1 2 2 y  0 . (3)
Question 4  a b
1 Since T is the point of intersection of the two lines, T
(a) (i) rk .
2 satisfies the equation (3) above.
(ii) KLM  OLM  OKL  OKM (iii) Since O (0,0) also satisfies the equation (3), this
1 1 1 equation is the equation of OT.
 rk  rm  r   x  x y  y2 
2 2 2 Substituting M  1 2 , 1  to (3),
1  2 2 
 r k  m  
2 ( x  x )( x  x ) ( y  y2 )( y1  y2 )
LHS  1 2 2 1 2  1
1 2a 2b 2
 rP.
2 x2 x 2 y2 y 2
 1 22  1 2 2
(iii) Let the distance from where the wheel touches the 2a 2b
ground to where the board touches the ground be k.

  Page 2 
 [TERRY LEE] HSC Ext 2 2008 Solution

1 x2 y 2  1 x 2 y 2  (ii) Area =  x2 2   x12

  12  12    22  22 
2 a
1 1
b  2 a b 

  a 2  (b 2  h 2 )  2a b 2  h 2 
   0  RHS.
2 2 
 a 2  (b 2  h 2 )  2a b 2  h 2 
O, T, M are collinear.
 4 a b 2  h 2 .
Question 5  (iii) V  4 a b 2  h 2 h.
 
t
 
t


a
1
dP 
 21000 
e 3  21000 e 3 V  4 a b 2  h 2 dh  4 a   b 2  2 2 ab 2 .

(a) (i) t t t a 2
dt  (7  3e  3 ) 2  7  3e  3 7  3e  3
 

t Question 6 
2k 2  2 
3
P 21 3e
but 1  1  , (a) w  1  3 cis(2k )  cis
3
 1,cis ,cis 
3000 
t

t .
7  3e 7  3e
3 3 3 3  3 
dP 1  P  2  2  2 2
  1   P. Let w  cis , w  cis    cos  i sin ,
dt 3  3000  3  3  3 3
21000 2 2  2 
(ii) When t = 0, P =  2100 .  w  w  2cos  1, ww  cis cis    1.
73 3 3  3 

t
21000 p ( z )  ( z  1)( z  w)( z  w)
(iii) When t  , e 3  0, P   3000 .
7  ( z  1)( z 2  ( w  w) z  ww)
dP 1  2100   ( z  1)( z 2  z  1)
(iv) When t = 0,  1   2100  210 .
dt 3  3000 
 z 3  2 z 2  2 z  1.
210
  0.1 = 10%.
2100 dy / d b sec 2  b sec
(b) (i) m    .
dx / d a sec tan  a tan 
d b sec
(b) (i) p( x)  (n  1) x n  (n  1) y  b tan   ( x  a sec ).
dx a tan 
 0 when x n  1, One root is x  1.
ay tan   ab tan 2   bx sec  ab sec 2  .
p (1)  1  (n  1)  n  0.
bx sec  ay tan   ab(sec2   tan 2  )
d
As 1 satisfies p ( x)  0 and p ( x)  0 , 1 is the double  ab.
dx
bae sec  0  ab
root. (ii) SR 
d2 b 2 sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
(ii) 2 p ( x)  n(n  1) x n 1 .
dx ab(e sec  1)
 .
d2 b sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
2
For x  0, 2 p( x)  0 : The curve is concave up for x  0.
dx ab(e sec  1)
The curve has a double root at x = 1, i.e. it touches the x- (iii) Similarly, S ' R '  .
axis at x = 1, and for x  0, it is concave up,  p ( x)  0 b 2 sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
ab(e sec  1)
for all x  0. SR  S ' R ' 
(iii) When n = 3, p ( x)  x 4  4 x  3. b 2 sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
Since ( x  1) 2  x 2  2 x  1, ab(e sec  1)

x 4  4 x  3  ( x 2  2 x  1)( x 2  3 x  3) b 2 sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
 ( x  1) 2 ( x 2  3 x  3). a 2b 2 (e 2 sec 2   1)
 2
b sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
(c) (i) x  a   b 2  h 2 . a 2b 2 (e 2 sec 2   1)
 2 2
a (e  1)sec 2   a 2 tan 2 
 x1  a  b 2  h 2 , x2  a  b 2  h 2 .

  Page 3 
 [TERRY LEE] HSC Ext 2 2008 Solution

b 2 (e 2 sec 2   1) 3
 3  n   n   3  n  2  n 
 (iv)    :   :     
e 2 sec 2   sec 2   tan 2 
 1  3   1   1  2  1  1 
b 2 (e 2 sec 2   1) n(n  1)(n  2) 3 n(n  1)
 3
e 2 sec 2   1 3!
:n :6
2
n. (1)
 b2 . n(n  1)(n  2) n3
When n is large,  ,
3! 6
1 r !(n  r )!
(c) (i) LHS =  n(n  1)n n3
n! n! and  .
r !(n  r )! 2 2
1
r  (r  1)!(n  r )! (r  1)!(n  r  1)! (1) becomes :1: 3, which is 1: 2 : 6.
RHS  
r  1   2
(n  1)! n! 
r  ( r  1)!(n  r )! (b) (i) TSP = SQP + SPT (exterior angle = sum of
   n  (n  r  1) 
r 1  n!  two opposite interior angles)
But SQP = RPT (angles in alternate segments are
r  ( r  1)!(n  r )!
   r  1 equal) and SPT = SPR (given).
r 1  n!  TSP = RPT + SPR = TPS.
r !(n  r )! (ii) TR  TQ  TP 2 ( If a tangent and a secant intersect, the
  LHS.
n! product of the secant and its external segment equals the
 square of the tangent)
 (c  a )(c  a  a  b)  c 2 .
r  1 1 1 1
(ii) LHS =   
r  1   r  1  r   r   r  1  (c  a )(c  b)  c 2 .
       
  r  1  r  1   r  1   r  1  c 2  cb  ac  ab  c 2 .
 cb  ac  ab.

1 1 1 1  1 1 1
...       , on dividing by abc.
 m  2   m  1  m  1  m   a b c
       
 r  1   r  1   r  1   r  1 
dv
  (c) (i)  (b  v0 )  ( )e  t   (b  v0 )e  t
  dt
r 1 1    (b  v).
  .
r  1 1  m   (ii) b is the current’s speed.
  
  r  1 
dx
(iii) v   b  (b  v0 )e  t
dt
 m  m
1 r
(iii) When m  ,    ,  n  .
x  bt 
b  v0  t
e  C.
 r  1 nr   r 1

 
r b  v0
When t  0, v  v0 , x  0  C   .

Question 7 
b  v0 b  v0
 3  n  n
3
 x  bt  e  t  .
      
(a) (i) ps     , (ii) pd    , bv 1 bv
1 3 1
But e  t  , t   ln .
 3n   3n  b  v0  b  v0
   
3 3 b b  v b  v0 b  v b  v0
x   ln  
 3  n  2  n   b  v0  b  v0 
    
(iii) pm       ,
1 1 1 2 bb  v0 b  v  b  v0
 ln 
 3n   bv 
 
3 b b  v0 v0  v
 ln  .
 bv 

  Page 4 
 [TERRY LEE] HSC Ext 2 2008 Solution

b b  0.1b 0.1b  0.5b b 9 b b   sin n

(iv) ln   ln  0.4  0.18 .  2 R 2  2sin cos 
 b  0.5b   5   2 2 2sin 
b 2
It has drifted 0.18 units.
 
 2 R 2 cos sin n
2
Question 8   
(a) When n = 1, LHS = cos , RHS =  2 R 2 cos , since  n , sin n  1.
4n 2
sin 2 2sin  cos  
  cos  . (ii) As n  ,  0,cos  1, A  2 R 2 .
2sin  2sin  4n 4n
sin 2k
Assume cos   cos3  ...  cos(2k  1)  .
2sin  (c) (i) f (t )  n cos( a  nt )sin b  (n)sin a cos(b  nt ).
cos   cos3  ...  cos(2k  1)  cos(2k  1)  n cos(a  nt )sin b  n sin a cos(b  nt ).
sin 2k
  cos(2k  1) f (t )  n 2 sin( a  nt )sin b  n( n)sin a (  sin(b  nt ))
2sin 
 n 2 sin(a  nt )sin b  n 2 sin a sin(b  nt )
sin 2k  2cos(2k  1) sin 
  n 2  sin(a  nt )sin b  sin a sin(b  nt ) 
2sin 
sin 2k  2cos 2k cos  sin   2sin 2k sin 2   n 2 f (t ).

2sin  Also, f (0)  sin a sin b  sin a sin b  0.
cos 2k sin 2  sin 2k (1  2sin 2  ) (ii) f (t )  sin a sin b cos nt  cos a sin b sin nt

2sin   sin a sin b cos nt  sin a cos b sin nt
cos 2k sin 2  sin 2k cos 2  cos a sin b sin nt  sin a cos b sin nt

2sin    sin a cos b  cos a sin b  sin nt
sin(2k  2) sin 2(k  1)  sin(a  b)sin nt.
  .
2sin  2sin  Note: It can be proven using the result of (i) that f(t) is
The statement is true for n = k + 1. simple harmonic motion.
It is true for all n  1. sin(a  nt ) sin a
(iii)  occurs when f(t) = 0.
sin(b  nt ) sin b
  3 (2k  1) 
(b) (i) A  2 R 2 sin   cos  cos  ...  cos  Solving sin(a  b)sin nt  0 gives nt  k ,
 2 2 2 
k
sin n t  ,k  J.
 2 R sin  
2
n

2sin
2

  Page 5