Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary - Grammatical view

This EXPERIMENTAL document is distr ibuted under the same licensing ter ms as all other documents fr om the Hiswelókë's Sindar in
Dictionar y pr oject.

1. pos

Pr ototype: pos
Selection axis: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos]

1.1. article

Template: ar ticle
Expansion patter n: //entr y[contains(gr amGr p/pos, 'ar t.')]

e n S. [ɛn] ar t. of the (genitival ar ticle) ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letter s/308 ◇ i+na (?)

i S., N. [i] pl. i n S., N. [in] ar t. and pr on. r el. 1 . the ○ 2 . who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letter s/308, Letter s/417

1.2. noun

Template: noun
Expansion r ule: $noun ::= //entr y[star ts-with(gr amGr p/pos, 'n.')]

1.2.1. gender

Pr ototype: gender
Selection axis: $noun[gr amGr p/gen]

1.2.1.1. masculine

Template: masculine
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/gen = 'm.']

a d a N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of a d a r , father , daddy ◇ Ety/349

a d a r S., N. [ˈɑdɑr ] pl. e d a i r S. [ˈɛdɑjr ] (e d e r N., e d e i r N.) n. m. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II,
VT/44:21-22, X/EI
a t h e g S. [ˈɑθɛg] n. m. dim. of a d a r , 1 . "litte father " ○ 2 . Biol. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,17
b e n n N. [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9 ◇ "husband"
b r a n n o n N. [br ˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lor d ◇ Ety/351
*c i r i o n S. [kˈir i.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cir ion (name)
c o n d i r S. [kˈɔndir ] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ caun+dîr
c u r u n í r S. [kˈur unˌiːr ] (c u r u n i r N.) n. m. man of cr aft, wizar d ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/B, VT/45:24 ◇
cur u+dîr "man of skill"
d î r N. [dˈiːr ] n. m. Ar ch. man, r efer r ing to an adult male (elf, mor tal, or of any other speaking r ace) ◇ Ety/354,
Ety/352
e l l o n S. [ˈɛl̡
l ɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364
e r c h a m o n S. n. m. one-handed man ◇ VT/47:7, X/Z
*fa r o n N. [fˈɑr ɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfar on Ety/387
fi r i o n S. [fˈir i.ɔn] n. m. mor tal man ◇ WJ/387
g w a d o r N. [gwˈɑdɔr ] pl. g w e d e i r N. n. m. br other (especially used of those not br other s by blood, but swor n
br other s or associates) ◇ Ety/394
h a d r o n N. [hˈɑdr ɔn] n. m. Mil. thr ower (of spear s and dar ts) ◇ Ety/363
h a n a r S. [hˈɑnɑr ] n. m. br other ◇ VT/47:14
h a w n S. [hˈɑwn] n. m. Ar ch. br other ◇ VT/47:14 ⇒ Cf. h a n a r
*h e r d i r S. [hˈɛr dir ] n. m. master ← i-Cher dir SD/129-31 ◇ hîr +dîr
h e r o n N. [hˈɛr ɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22
h e r v e n n N. [hˈɛr vɛn] (h e r v e n N.) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4 ◇ hîr +benn
h î r S., N. [hˈiːr ] n. m. master , lor d ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letter s/382, LB/354, VT/45:22
h o n e g S. [hˈɔnɛg] n. m. dim. of h a w n , 1 . "litte br other " ○ 2 . Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and
taught to childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ◈ Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ⇒ Cf.
t o l eg
i o n S. [jˈɔn] (i o n n N.) n. m. 1 . son ○ 2 . by ext., scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For
the second meaning, cf. Hador ion, a Húr in's epithet in WJ/294, Hur inionath r efer r ing to the house of Húr in the
Stewar d in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Er einion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo
"descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildur ioni and
 Anár ioni "Heir s of Isildur (r esp. Anár ion)" in PM/192,196
m e l d i r N. [mˈɛl̡
d ir ] n. m. fr iend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîr
m e l e t h r o n N. [mɛlˈɛθr ɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372
m u i n d o r N. [mˈujndɔr ] pl. m u i n d y r N. [mˈujndyr ] n. m. br other ◇ Ety/394 ◇ muin+tôr
o d h r o n N. [ˈɔðr ɔn] n. m. par ent ◇ Ety/379
r a n d í r S. [r ˈɑndiːr ] (r h a n d i r N.) n. m. wander er , pilgr im ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH
t ô r N. [tˈɔːr ] pl. t e r e i n N. n. m. Ar ch. br other ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The wor d m u i n d o r is mor e usual

1.2.1.2. feminine

Template: feminine
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/gen = 'f.']

a d a n e t h S. [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mor tal) woman ◇ MR/349 ◇ adan+-eth

*a r w e n S. [ˈɑr wɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Ar wen (name) LotR ◇ ar -+gwend
b e s o n e t h S. n. f. br ead-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See b a s s for a discussion r egar ding this wor d ◇ bass+oneth
b e r e t h S., N. [bˈɛr ɛθ] n. f. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74
b e s s S., N. [bˈɛss] n. f. 1 . (young) woman ○ 2 . wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31
b e s a i n S. n. f. br ead-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See b a s s for a discussion r egar ding this wor d
b r e n n i l N. [br ˈɛnnil̡
] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351
d e s s N. [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375
d î N. [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354
d î s N. [dˈiːs] n. f. br ide ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375
e l l e t h S. [ˈɛl̡
l ɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364
e m e l S. [ˈɛmɛl] (e m m e l S.) n. f. mother ◇ Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17
e m i g S. [ˈɛmig] n. f. dim. of e m e l , 1 . "litte mother " ○ 2 . Biol. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,17
e m i l N. [ˈɛmil] n. f. Poet. mother ◇ VT/45:5
fí r i e l S. [fˈir i.ɛl̡
] (fi r i e l N.) n. f. mor tal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232
fi r i e t h S. [fˈir i.ɛθ] n. f. mor tal woman ◇ WJ/387 ◇ fair +-eth (PHIR)
g w a t h e l N. [gwˈɑθɛl̡ ] pl. g w e t h i l N. [gwˈɛθil̡
] n. f. sister , associate ◇ Ety/392
g w e n d N. [gwˈɛnd] (g w e n n N.) n. f. maiden ◇ Ety/398, X/ND1
h e r v e s s N. [hˈɛr vɛs] (h e r v e s N.) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364 ◇ hîr +bess
*h e r y n S. [hˈɛr yn] n. f. lady ← Roher yn S/436 ◇ hîr +dî
h i r i l N. [hˈir il̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364
i e l l N. [jˈɛl̡
l ] n. f. 1 . daughter ○ 2 . gir l, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alter ation of s e l l , r emodelled
after i o n "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patr onymics", hence the
ending -iel in sever al feminine wor ds
l h e t h r i l N. n. f. hear er , listener , eavesdr opper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
m e l d i s N. [mˈɛl̡ d is] n. f. fr iend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîs
m e l e t h r i l N. [mɛlˈɛθr il̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372
m u i n t h e l N. [mˈujnθɛl̡ ] pl. m u i n t h i l N. [mˈujnθil̡
] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392 ◇ muin+thêl
n e t h S. [nˈɛθ] n. f. 1 . hypo. of n î t h sister ○ 2 . gir l (in her teens, appr oaching the adult) ◇ VT/47:14-16,33,
VT/48:6
n e t h i g S. [nˈɛθig] n. f. dim. of n e t h , 1 . "litte sister " ○ 2 . Biol. r ing finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/47:14, VT/47:38-39, VT/48:6,17 ◈ Fir st given in the manuscr ipt as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but
see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
n î t h S. [nˈiːθ] n. f. sister ◇ VT/47:14
o d h r i l N. [ˈɔðr il̡
] n. f. par ent ◇ Ety/379
*o n e t h S. [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05
r h î s N. n. f. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
s e l l N. [sˈɛl̡
l ] n. f. 1 . daughter ○ 2 . gir l, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385
t h ê l N. [θˈɛːl] pl. t h e l e i N. n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392
*t o n i e l S. [tˈɔni.ɛl̡
] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

1.2.2. register

Pr ototype: r egister
Selection axis: $noun[gr amGr p/usg[@type = 'r eg']]

1.2.2.1. abstract

Template: abstr act

Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/usg[@type = 'r eg'] = 'abst.']

o e g a s N. pl. o e g e s N. n. abst. of a e g , Geog. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE

b e l l a s N. [bˈɛl̡
l ɑs] n. abst. of b e l t , bodily str ength ◇ Ety/352
b r e g o l a s N. [br ˈɛgɔlɑs] n. abst. of b r e g o l , fier ceness ◇ Ety/352
*c a n n a s N. [kˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of c a n t , shaping ← Dor gannas WJ/192, WJ/206
c e r t h a s S. [kˈɛr θɑs] n. abst. of c e r t h , Ling. r unic alphabet, r une-r ows ◇ LotR/E ◇ cer th+-as
fa r a s N. [fˈɑr ɑs] n. abst. of fa r a -, hunting ◇ Ety/387
 fe n n a s S. [fˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of fe n , door way, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75
g a l a s N. [gˈɑlɑs] n. abst. of g a l a -, Bot. gr owth, plant ◇ Ety/357
g a m m a s N. [gˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of g a m p , Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mar k a final -s in Tengwar ) ◇ VT/45:14
g o n a t h r a s N. [gɔnˈɑθr ɑs] n. abst. of g o n a t h r a -, entanglement ◇ Ety/375
h a n n a s N. [hˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of h a n d , under standing, intelligence ◇ Ety/363
h o b a s N. [hˈɔbɑs] n. abst. of h û b , har bour age ◇ Ety/364
i a v a s S. [jˈɑvɑs] n. abst. of i a u , Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D
í n i a s N. [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. abst. of î n , annals ◇ Ety/400
i n n a s S. [ˈinnɑs] n. abst. of i n d , will ◇ VT/44:21,26
l a m m a s S. [lˈɑmmɑs] (l h a m m a s N.) n. abst. of l a m , Ling. account of tongues ◇ LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH
m a e n a s N. [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. abst. of m a e n , cr aft ◇ Ety/371
m i n a s S. [mˈinɑs] (m i n n a s N.) n. abst. 1 . tower ○ 2 . by ext., for t, city with a citadel and centr al watch-tower ◇
Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24
m o e a s N. [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. abst. of m o e , dough ◇ Ety/371
n a d h r a s N. [nˈɑðr ɑs] n. abst. of n a d h o r , pastur e ◇ Ety/374
o v r a s N. [ˈɔvr ɑs] n. abst. of o v o r , cr owd, heap. ◇ Ety/396
p a n a s N. [pˈɑnɑs] n. abst. of p â n , floor ◇ Ety/380
p e n n a s N. [pˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of p e n t , histor y, histor ical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206
r a m m a s S. [r ˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of r a m , (gr eat) wall ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index
s a r n a s N. [sˈɑr nɑs] n. abst. of s a r n , cair n, pile of stones ◇ LR/406
s e n n a s S. [sˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of s e n d , guesthouse ◇ RC/523 ◇ "r esting place", fr om *send, *senn (SED) ?
t a r i a s N. [tˈɑr i.ɑs] n. abst. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390
t h a m a s N. [θˈɑmɑs] (t h a m b a s N.) n. abst. of t h a m , gr eat hall ◇ Ety/387
t h i n n a s N. [θˈinnɑs] n. abst. of t h e n t , Ling. lit. "shor tness" (name of a mar k indicating shor t quality of vowel) ◇
Ety/388
t o b a s N. [tˈɔbɑs] n. abst. of t o b a -, r oofing, r oof ◇ Ety/394, VT/46:19

1.2.2.2. diminutive

Template: diminutive
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/usg[@type = 'r eg'] = 'dim.']

a t h e g S. [ˈɑθɛg] n. m. dim. of a d a r , 1 . "litte father " ○ 2 . Biol. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,17
e m i g S. [ˈɛmig] n. f. dim. of e m e l , 1 . "litte mother " ○ 2 . Biol. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,17
g w i n i g S. [gwˈinig] n. dim. 1 . "litte baby" ○ 2 . Biol. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to childr en) ◇
VT/48:6,16-17
h o n e g S. [hˈɔnɛg] n. m. dim. of h a w n , 1 . "litte br other " ○ 2 . Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and
taught to childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ◈ Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ⇒ Cf.
t o l eg
l e b i g S. [lˈɛbig] n. dim. Biol. little finger ◇ VT/48:5,15 ⇒ Cf. n i g e d
n a u g o l N. [nˈɑugl̩ ] (n a u g l N.) pl. n a u g l i n S. [nˈauglin] n. dim. of n a u g , dwar f ◇ Ety/375
n e t h i g S. [nˈɛθig] n. f. dim. of n e t h , 1 . "litte sister " ○ 2 . Biol. r ing finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to
childr en) ◇ VT/47:14, VT/47:38-39, VT/48:6,17 ◈ Fir st given in the manuscr ipt as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but
see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
n o g o t h e g S. [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dim. of n o g o t h , Pop. lit. "dwar flet", a name of the Petty-Dwar ves ◇ WJ/388
t o l e g S. [tˈɔlɛg] (t o l c h S.) n. dim. 1 . (?) "litte pr ominent one" ○ 2 . Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and
taught to childr en) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ⇒ Cf. h o n e g

1.2.2.3. augmentative

Template: augmentative
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/usg[@type = 'r eg'] = 'augm.']

a e a r o n S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑr ɔn] n. augm. of a e a r , Geog. gr eat sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this wor d sever al times, see
g aear o n
a n n o n S., N. [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. e n n y n S., N. [ˈɛnnyn] n. augm. gr eat door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150
a r d h o n S. [ˈɑr ðɔn] n. augm. of a r d h , 1 . Geog. gr eat r egion, pr ovince ○ 2 . by ext., wor ld ← Calenar dhon S/386,
PM/348
g a e a r o n S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑr ɔn] (g a e r o n S.) n. augm. of g a e a r , Geog. gr eat sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73
m i r i o n N. [mˈir i.ɔn] pl. m i r u i n N. [mˈir ujn] n. augm. of m î r , Theo. gr eat jewel, Silmar il ◇ Ety/373 ⇒ Cf. g o l o v i r ,
s i l ev r i l
s i r i o n N. [sˈir i.ɔn] n. augm. of s î r , Geog. gr eat r iver ← Sir ion Ety/385

1.2.2.4. hypocoristic

Template: hypocor istic

Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/usg[@type = 'r eg'] = 'hypo.']

a d a N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of a d a r , father , daddy ◇ Ety/349

 n a n a N. [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother , mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

1.2.3. number

Pr ototype: number
Selection axis: $noun[gr amGr p/number ]

1.2.3.1. singulative

Template: singulative
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/number = 'sing.']

e l l o t h S. [ˈɛl̡
l ɔθ] n. sing. of l o t h , Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ er - + loth
fi l i g o d N. [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of fi l e g , Or n. small bir d ◇ Ety/381
g l a m o g S. [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of g l a m , Pop. an Or c, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390
g w a n u n i g S. [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of g w a n û n , a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367
l h e w i g N. [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of l h a w , Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX ◇ lhaw+-ig
l o t h e g S. [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of l o t h , Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ loth + -eg
l o t h o d N. [lˈɔθɔd] (l h o t h o d N.) n. sing. of l o t h , Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/45:29, X/LH ⇒ Cf. l o t h e g

1.2.3.2. class plural

Template: class plur al

Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/number = 'class pl.']

a n fa n g r i m S. [ɑnfˈɑŋgr im] n. class pl. of a n fa n g , Pop. the Longbear ds (a tr ibe of Dwar ves) ◇ WJ/322 ◇ anfang+r im
a p h a d r i m S. [ɑffˈɑdr im] n. class pl. of a p h a d o n , Pop. follower s, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◇ aphad-
+r im
d a n w a i t h S. [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. class pl. Pop. the Nandor (a tr ibe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385 ◇ dan+gwaith
d e n w a i t h S. [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. class pl. Pop. the Nandor (a tr ibe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385 ◇
Den(we)+gwaith
d o r n h o t h S. [dˈɔr n.hɔθ] n. class pl. of d o r n , Pop. the Dwar ves, lit. "the Thr awn Folk" ◇ WJ/388 ◇ dor n+hoth
d r ú w a i t h S. [dr ˈuːwɑjθ] n. class pl. of d r û , the wilder ness of the Dr û-men (q.v.) ◇ UT/385 ◇ dr û+gwaith
e g l a d h r i m S. [ɛglˈɑðr im] n. class pl. of e g l a n , Pop. "The For saken", Elves of the Falathr im ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365,
WJ/379 ◇ eglan+r im
fa l a t h r i m S. [fɑlˈɑθr im] n. class pl. of fa l a s , people of the Falas ◇ WJ/378 ◇ falas+r im ⇒ Cf. e g l a t h , e g l a d h r i m
fa r a d r i m N. [fɑr ˈɑdr im] n. class pl. of fe r e d i r , hunter s ◇ Ety/387 ◇ far ad+r im
fo r o d r i m N. [fɔr ˈɔdr im] n. class pl. of fo r o d , Pop. Nor thmen ◇ Ety/392 ◇ for od+r im
fo r o d w a i t h N. [fɔr ˈɔdwɑjθ] (fo r o d w e i t h N.) n. class pl. of fo r o d , 1 . Pop. Nor thmen ○ 2 . by ext., the lands of the
Nor th ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EI ◇ for od+gwaith
g a l a d h r i m S. [gɑlˈɑðr im] n. class pl. of g a l a d h , Pop. Elves of Lothlór ien ◇ LotR ◇ galadh+r im "people of the tr ees"
g a u r h o t h S. [gˈɑur .hɔθ] n. class pl. of g a u r , gr oup of wer ewolves ◇ LotR/II:IV ◇ gaur +hoth "wolf-host"
g a u r w a i t h S. [gˈɑur .wɑjθ] n. class pl. of g a u r , wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90 ◇ gaur +gwaith
g l a m h o t h S., N. [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. of g l a m , Pop. bar bar ic host of Or cs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39,
UT/54, WJ/390 ◇ glam+hoth "the dinhor de, the yelling hor de"
g ó d h e l l i m S. [gɔːðˈɛl̡l im ] n. class pl. of g ó d h e l , Pop. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇
gódhel+r im
g o l o d h r i m S., N. [gɔlˈɔðr im] n. class pl. of g o l o d h , Pop. Deep Elves, Gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323 ◇ golodh+r im
*g o r t h r i m S. [gˈɔr θr im] n. class pl. of g o r t h , the dead ← [Raith >] Fui 'Ngor thr im RC/526
g w a t h u i r i m S. [gwɑθˈujr im] n. class pl. of g w a t h u i , Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330 ◇
gwathui+r im "shadowy people"
h a d h o d r i m S. [hɑðˈɔdr im] n. class pl. of h a d h o d , Pop. the Dwar ves (as a r ace) ◇ WJ/388 ◇ hadhod+r im
h a r a d r i m S. [hɑr ˈɑdr im] n. class pl. of h a r a d , Pop. souther ner s, "Southr ons" ◇ LotR ◇ har ad+r im
i a t h r i m S. [jˈɑθr im] n. class pl. of i â t h , Pop. Elves of Dor iath ◇ WJ/378 ◇ iâth+r im
l a e g r i m S. [lˈɑɛgr im] (l a e g e l d r i m S.) n. class pl. of l a e g e l , Pop. the people of the Gr een Elves ◇ WJ/385 ◇
laegel+r im
L o s s o t h S. [lˈɔssɔθ] n. class pl. of l o s s , the Snowmen ◇ LotR/A, RGEO/70 ◇ loss+hoth
n a u g r i m S. [nˈɑugr im] n. class pl. of n a u g , Pop. Dwar ves ◇ WJ/388 ◇ naug+r im
n o g o t h r i m S. [nɔgˈɔθr im] n. class pl. of n o g o t h , Pop. Dwar f-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388 ◇ nogoth+r im
n o r n w a i t h S. [nˈɔr n.wɑjθ] n. class pl. of n o r n , Pop. the Dwar ves ◇ MR/93, MR/106 ◇ nor n+gwaith
n o t h r i m S. [nˈɔθr im] n. class pl. of n o s t , kindr ed, family, house ← Nothr im [> Nost] Finar fin PM/360 ◈ The wor d
was r ejected in favor of n o s t , but it may be inter pr eted as a valid class plur al "those of the house" ◇ noss/nost
+ r im
ó d h e l l i m S. [ɔːðˈɛl̡
l im] n. class pl. of ó d h e l , Pop. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇ ódhel+r im
o n o d r i m S. [ɔnˈɔdr im] n. class pl. of o n o d , Pop. the Ents, as a r ace ◇ Letter s/224, TC/165 ◇ onod+r im
o r c h o t h S. [ˈɔr xɔθ] n. class pl. of o r c h , Pop. the Or cs (as a r ace) ◇ WJ/390 ◇ or ch+hoth
o r o d r i m N. [ɔr ˈɔdr im] n. class pl. of o r o d , Geog. r ange of mountains ◇ Ety/379 ◇ or od+r im
r o c h i r r i m S. [r ɔxˈir r im] n. class pl. of r o c h i r , hor se-lor ds, the people of Rohan ◇ LotR, etc. ◇ r ochir +r im
t a w a r w a i t h S. [tɑwˈɑr wɑjθ] n. class pl. of t a w a r , Pop. Silvan elves ◇ UT/256 ◇ tawar +gwaith "for est-elves"
t e l e r r i m S. [tɛlˈɛr r im] n. class pl. of t e l e r , Pop. the Teler i, a tr ibe of Elves ◇ PM/385 ◇ teler +r im
 1.2.3.3. collective

Template: collective
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/number = 'coll.']

a d a n a t h S. [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of a d a n , men ◇ MR/373

c o n a t h S. [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of c a u n , 1 . many voices ○ 2 . by ext., lamentation ◇ PM/361-362
d a g o r a t h S. [dˈɑgɔr ɑθ] n. coll. of d a g o r , all the battles ◇ UT/395-396
d r ú a t h S. [dr ˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of d r û , Pop. the people of the Dr û, the Woses ◇ UT/385
d ú a t h S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (d ú w a t h N.) n. coll. of d û , 1 . dar kness, shadow ○ 2 . nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◇ Either
the collective plur al of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath)
e g l a t h S. [ˈɛglɑθ] n. coll. of e g o l , Pop. "The For saken", Elves of the Falathr im ◇ WJ/189, WJ/344 ⇒ Cf. e g l a d h r i m
e l e n a t h S. [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of ê l , star r y host, all the host of the star s of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363
e n n o r a t h S. [ˈɛnnɔr ɑθ] n. coll. of e n n o r , centr al lands, middle-ear th ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75
fi r i a t h S. [fˈir i.ɑθ] n. coll. of fe i r , mor tals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387
g i l i a t h S., N. [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of g i l /g e i l , all the host of star s ◇ Ety/358, RC/232
i o n n a t h S. [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of i o n , all the sons ◇ SD/129-31
l a m a t h S. [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of l a m , echoing voices ◇ PM/349
*l i n i a t h N. [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of l h î n , pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194
l o n n a t h S. [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of l o n d , havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370
*m e n n i a t h N. [m'ɛnni.ɑθ] n. coll. of m e n t , 1 . many points ○ 2 . Geog. by ext., r ange of mountains ← Mor nvenniath
TI/124, Lambengolmor /799
n a g l a t h N. [nˈɑglɑθ] n. coll. of n a g o l , Biol. the teeth ◇ WR/122
p e n n e t h S. [pˈɛnnɛθ] n. coll. of p e n d , r idges, gr oup of downs ◇ RC/525 ⇒ Cf. p i n n a t h
p e r i a n n a t h S. [pˌɛr i.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of p e r i a n , Pop. the Hobbits, Halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75,
Letter s/308
p i n n a t h S. [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. of p e n d , r idges, gr oup of downs ◇ LotR/Index, RC/525 ◇ For med fr om the plur al pinn
⇒ Cf. p e n n e t h
s a m m a t h S. [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of s a m , chamber s ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435
s e l l a t h S. [sˈɛl̡
l ɑθ] n. coll. of s e l l , all the daughter s ◇ SD/129-31
s i n i a t h N. [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385
t h o r o n a t h S. [θˈɔr ɔnɑθ] n. coll. of t h o r o n , eagles ◇ S/387, S/438

1.2.3.4. dual

Template: dual
Expansion patter n: $noun[gr amGr p/number = 'dual pl.']

*g a l a d h a d S. [gˈɑlɑðɑd] n. dual pl. of g a l a d h , Theo. the Two Tr ees of Valinor ← Or galadhad LotR/D
h e n t N. [hˈɛnt] n. dual pl. of h e n , Biol. the two eyes (r efer r ing to one per son's eyes) ◇ VT/45:22
n o b a d S. [nˈɔbɑd] n. dual pl. of n a w b , Biol. the pair of finger s composed of the thumb and the index (gr ouped
together as in the act of picking something) ◇ VT/48:5,16 ⇒ Cf. n a w b , l e b d a s
s a m a r a d S. [sˈɑmɑr ɑd] n. dual pl. of s a m m a r , two neighbour s ◇ VT/48:20

1.3. derivative

Template: der ivative

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'der .']

*e r c h i o n N. [ˈɛr xi.ɔn] der . pl. of o r c h ← Anner chion TI/114

e r e g i o n S., N. [ɛr ˈɛgi.ɔn] der . pl. of e r e g ← Er egion Ety/356, LotR, UT
g a l a d h o n S. [gˈɑlɑðɔn] der . pl. of g a l a d h ← Car as Galadhon LotR/II:VII, LotR/F, UT/425
*g i l i o n S. [gˈili.ɔn] der . pl. of g i l ← Or gilion LotR/D
*g w e t h i o n N. [gwˈɛθi.ɔn] der . pl. of g w a t h ← Er edwethion TI/345, Ety/379, Ety/397
*g w i n i o n S., N. [gwˈini.ɔn] der . pl. of g w î n ← Dor winion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IX
*n i n g l o r o n S. [nˈiŋglɔr ɔn] der . pl. of n i n g l o r ← Loeg Ninglor on UT/281, UT/450
r h o v a n i o n S. [ɹ̥ɔ vˈɑni.ɔn] der . pl. of r h o v a n ← Rhovanion LotR/Map
*s i r i o n S. [sir i.ɔn] der . pl. of s î r ← Nanduhir ion LotR
*t h o n i o n S., N. [θɔni.ɔn] der . pl. of t h ô n ← Dor thonion S/390, S/438, Ety/392

1.4. gerund

Template: ger und

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'ger .']

a d e r t h a d S. [ɑdˈɛr θɑd] ger . of a d e r t h a -, r euniting, r eunion ◇ S/409 ◇ OS *ater tʰata

a v a d S. [ˈɑvɑd] ger . of a v a -, r efusal, r eluctance ◇ WJ/371
*b r o n a d N. [br ˈɔnɑd] ger . of b r o n a -, sur vival ← br onadui Ety/353
c a b e d S. [kˈɑbɛd] ger . of c a b -, 1 . leap ○ 2 . by ext., deep gor ge ◇ S/386, WJ/100 ◈ Emended by Tolkien fr om ear lier cabad.
This is our sole late example that basic ver bs should per haps for m their ger und in -ed, wher eas der ived ver bs ar e well
 attested to use -ad (cf. a d e r t h a d )
c a l a d S., N. [kˈɑlɑd] ger . light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65
*c a r e d N. [kˈɑr ɛd] ger . of c a r -, making, doing ← cer edir Ety/354
*c e n e d N. [kˈɛnɛd] ger . of c e n -, seeing, sight ← cenedr il TI/184
*e d l o t h i a d (cor r . edlothiand) S. [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger . of e d l o t h i a -, blossoming, flower ing ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually,
edlothiand might be a misr eading, accor ding to David Salo who checked the or iginal manuscr ipt at Mar quette and r epor ted
that his r eading was unmistakably edlothiad
e i t h a d S. [ˈɛjθɑd] ger . of e i t h a -, insult ◇ WJ/365
*e r t h a d S. [ˈɛr θɑd] ger . of e r t h a -, union, uniting ← Ader thad S/409
*fa r a d N. [fˈɑr ɑd] ger . of fa r a -, hunting ← far adr im Ety/387
g a w a d N. [gˈɑwɑd] ger . of g a w -, howling ◇ Ety/377
g e n e d i a d S. [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger . of g e n e d i a -, 1 . r eckoning ○ 2 . by ext., calendar ◇ SD/129-31
h a m m a d N. [hˈɑmmɑd] ger . of h a m m a -, clothing ◇ Ety/363
h a r t h a d S. [hˈɑr θɑd] ger . of h a r t h a -, hope ◇ SD/62
h e n i a d N. [hˈɛni.ɑd] ger . of h e n i a -, under standing, intelligence ◇ VT/45:21
*l u i t h i a d S. [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger . of l u i t h i a -, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62
n e s t a d N. [nˈɛstɑd] ger . of n e s t a -, healing ◇ WR/379-80
o r t h a d S. [ˈɔr θɑd] ger . of o r t h a -, r ising ◇ MR/373
s u i l a d S. [sˈujlɑd] ger . of s u i l a -, gr eeting ◇ SD/129-31
s u i l a n n a d S. [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger . of s u i l a n n a -, gr eeting, giving of gr eetings ◇ SD/129-31
t í r a d S. [tˈiːr ɑd] ger . of t í r a -, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

1.5. conjunction

Template: conjunction
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'conj.']

a S. [ɑ] (a r S.) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letter s/308 ◈ See a h for the for m that this
conjunction might take befor e a vowel
e g o r S. [ˈɛgɔr ] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31
i r S. [ˈir ] conj. (?) when ◇ LB/354 ◈ This wor d is not tr anslated. It could be r elated to Quenya ír e "when". Some scholar s also
consider that it could be the for m taken by the ar ticle i befor e a vowel, on a patter n similar to a h . To this r espect, it might
be inter esting to note the ir was the allative/dative for m of the ar ticle in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9
s u i S. [sˈuj] conj. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27

1.6. preposition

Template: pr eposition
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'pr ep.']

a d e l N. [ɑdɛl̡
] pr ep. behind, in r ear (of) ◇ Ety/392
a m N. [ɑm] pr ep. up, upwar ds, upon ◇ Ety/348
a n S. [ɑn] pr ep. to, towar ds, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed ar ticle and elision in aglar 'ni Pher iannath
a t h a n S. [ɑθɑn] pr ep. beyond ◇ SD/62
b e n S. [bɛn] pr ep. accor ding to the, in the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ OS *be, with suffixed ar ticle (?)
b o S. [bɔ] pr ep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26
d a n S. [dɑn] pr ep. 1 . against ○ 2 . etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV
e r i n S. [ɛr in] pr ep. on the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ or +i, MS *œr in
m î n S. [mˈiːn] (m i n - S.) pr ep. (in) between (r efer r ing to a gap, space, bar r ier or anything inter vening between two other
things) ← Minhir iath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14
n a S., N. [nɑ] pr ep. 1 . with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2 . to, towar ds, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
n e d S. [nɛd] pr ep. (uncer tain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ [Another possible inter pr etation:
"another , one mor e" (r elated to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
n e f S. [nɛv] pr ep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
n u S., N. [nu] (n o N.) pr ep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◈ With suffixed ar ticle, see also n u i n
n u i n S., N. [nujn] pr ep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◇ nu+i
o S., N. [ɔ] (o d S.) pr ep. fr om, of (pr eposition (as a pr oclitic) used in either dir ection, fr om or to the point of view of the
speaker ) ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ Accor ding to WJ/366, the pr eposition "is
nor mally o in all positions, though od appear s occasionally befor e vowels, especially befor e o-". With a suffixed ar ticle, see
also u i n
o N. [ɔ] pr ep. about, concer ning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is pr efixed to the wor d following this pr eposition,
when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concer ning the Elves". Some scholar s consider that this r ule is not valid in Sindar in,
but that the pr eposition would per haps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compar ed with a h in Athr abeth
Finr od ah Andr eth)
o r N. [ɔr ] pr ep. above, over ◇ Ety/379
*p e n S. [pɛn] pr ep. without, lacking, -less ← Iar wain ben-adar LotR/II:II
t r î N. [tr ˈiː] pr ep. thr ough ◇ Ety/392
u i n S. [ujn] pr ep. of the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ o+i
v i S. [vi] pr ep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27

1.7. adverb
 Template: adver b
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'adv.']

a m b e n n N. [ˈɑmbɛnn] (a m b e n d N., a m b e n N.) adv. uphill, sloping upwar ds ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4 ◇ am+pend
a n a n n S. [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letter s/308 ◇ an+and, OS *ananda
d a d N. [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwar ds ◇ Ety/354
d a d b e n n N. [dˈɑdbɛnn] (d a d b e n N.) adv. 1 . downhill, inclined ○ 2 . by ext., inclined, pr one (to do something) ◇ Ety/354,
Ety/380, VT/46:8, X/ND4 ◇ dad+pend
e d r e g o l S. [ˈɛdr ɛgl̩
] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31
e n n a s S. [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. ther e, in that place ◇ SD/129-31
g o d r e b h N. adv. thr ough together ◇ TAI/150 ◇ go-+tr e-+be, OS *wotr ebe, CE *wo-ter e-be (?)
i o N. [jɔ] (i a N.) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399
l i m S. [lˈim] adv. swift, swiftly ← nor o lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196, RC/195 ◈ Untr anslated in LotR, but wr itten nor a-lim and
r ender ed as "r ide on" in RS/196 (not a liter al tr anslation) and later tr anslated as "r un swift" in RC/195. Befor e the latter was
published (confir ming the exact tr anslation of this adver b), Helios de Rosar io Mar tinez had pr ovided a thor ough analysis of
this wor d in his ar ticle "Musings on Limlight" (Tengwestie/20050107)
m a e S. [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letter s/308
p a l a n - S. [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar , abr oad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74 ◇ Q palan
s e n n u i S. [sˈɛnnuj] adv. (?) r ather , (?) instead (used as an adver b?) ◇ SD/129-31
s i S. [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354
s í S. [sˈiː] adv. her e ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
s í r S. [sˈiːr ] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27

1.8. adjective

Template: adjective
Expansion r ule: $adjective ::= //entr y[contains(gr amGr p/pos, 'adj.')]

1.8.1. subc

Pr ototype: subc
Selection axis: $adjective[gr amGr p/subc]

1.8.1.1. possessive

Template: possessive
Expansion patter n: $adjective[gr amGr p/subc = 'poss.']

î n S. [ˈiːn] adj. poss. 3r d his (r efer r ing to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31

l í n S. [lˈiːn] (l i n S.) adj. poss. 2nd thy (r ever ential) ◇ VT/44:21,24
m í n S. [mˈiːn] (m i n S.) adj. poss. 1st pl. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28
n í n S. [nˈiːn] adj. poss. 1st my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22 ◈ The acute accent in nín has sometimes been r egar ded as an
er r or for a slanted macr on in the manuscr ipt, since all the other attested per sonal adjectives fr om Saur on
defeated all have a cir cumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confir med, then this wor d
is pr obably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confir med by VT/44
*t î n S. [tˈiːn] adj. poss. 3r d his ← bess dîn SD/129-31

1.8.1.2. demonstrative

Template: demonstr ative

Expansion patter n: $adjective[gr amGr p/subc = 'dem.']

*s e n S. [sɛn] pl. *s i n S. [sin] adj. dem. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IV ◈ This demonstr ative adjective is pr obably
enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could per haps explain why the mutated for m of tîw on the Door s
of Dur in is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

1.8.2. adjnum

Pr ototype: adjnum
Selection axis: $adjective[gr amGr p/pos]

1.8.2.1. num

Template: num
Expansion r ule: $num ::= $adjective[contains(gr amGr p/pos, 'num.')]

1.8.2.1.1. subc
 Pr ototype: subc
Selection axis: $num[gr amGr p/subc]

1.8.2.1.1.1. cardinal

Template: car dinal

Expansion patter n: $num[gr amGr p/subc = 'car d.']

c a e r N. [kˈɑɛr ] adj. num. car d. ten ◇ Ety/363 ⇒ Cf. c a e , p a e

c a n a d S., N. [kˈɑnɑd] (∗c a n a t h N.) adj. num. car d. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3
e n e g S., N. [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. car d. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8
l e b e n S. [lˈɛbɛn] (l h e b e n N.) adj. num. car d. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, VT/47:10, VT/47:24,
VT/48:6, X/LH
*m e n e g S. [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. car d. thousand ← Menegr oth "thousand caves" S/409
m î n S. [mˈiːn] (m i n S., N. [mˈin]) adj. num. car d. one (fir st of a ser ies) ◇ Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6
m i n i b S. [mˈinib] adj. num. car d. eleven ◇ VT/48:6-8
n e d e r S., N. [nˈɛdɛr ] adj. num. car d. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25, VT/48:6, PE/17:95
n ê l S. [nˈɛːl] adj. num. car d. thr ee ◇ VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. n e l e d
n e l e d S., N. [nˈɛlɛd] (n e l e d h S., N.) adj. num. car d. thr ee ◇ Ety/376, TAI150, VT/48:6
o d o g S., N. [ˈɔdɔg] (o d o S.) adj. num. car d. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25, VT/47:42, VT/48:6, PE/17:95
p a e S. [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. car d. ten ◇ VT/42:25, VT/48:6 ⇒ Cf. c a e , c a e r
t â d S., N. [tˈɑːd] (t a d S., N.) adj. num. car d. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27, VT/48:6
t o l o t h N. [tˈɔlɔθ] (t o l o d h S.) adj. num. car d. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31, VT/48:6 ◈ Tolkien
emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31 (and also VT/48:6). If we ar e to follow him, a wor d such as
t o l o t h e n would be incor r ect, unless the two for ms coexisted
ý n e g S. [ˈyːnɛg] (y n e g S., y n e b S., i n i b S.) adj. num. car d. twelve ◇ VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12 ◇ Dual of
*enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece
c a e S. [kˈɑɛ] (c a e n - S.) adj. num. car d. ten ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. c a e r , p a e
∗m i m p S. [mˈimp] adj. num. car d. eleven ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. m i n i b
∗i m p S. [ˈimp] adj. num. car d. twelve ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. ý n e g

1.8.2.1.1.2. ordinal

Template: or dinal
Expansion patter n: $num[gr amGr p/subc = 'or d.']

c a n t h u i S. [kˈɑnθuj] (Ar ch. c a n t u i S., Ar ch. c a n h u i S.) adj. num. or d. four th ◇ VT/42:10, VT/42:25,27
e d w e n S. [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. or d. second ◇ SD/129-31
e n c h u i S. [ˈɛnxuj] (∗e n e g u i S., Ar ch. e n c u i S.) adj. num. or d. sixth ◇ VT/42:10,25,28
e n e c t h u i S. [ɛnˈɛkθuj] adj. num. or d. sixth ◇ VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. e n c h u i
l e fn u i S. [lˈɛvnuj] (l h e fn e g N.) adj. num. or d. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312
m a i n S. [m'ɑjn] (m e i n S.) adj. num. or d. fir st, (only in the sense of) pr ime, chief, pr e-eminent ◇
VT/42:10, VT/42:25
m i n u i S. [mˈinuj] adj. num. or d. fir st ◇ VT/42:10, VT/42:25
n a i l S. [nˈɑjl] (n e i l S.) adj. num. or d. thir d ◇ VT/42:25
n e d r u i S. [nˈɛdr uj] adj. num. or d. ninth ◇ VT/42:25
n e l c h a e n e n S. [nɛl̡
x ˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. or d. thir tieth ◇ SD/129-131
n e l u i S. [nˈɛluj] adj. num. or d. thir d ◇ VT/42:25
o c h u i S. [ˈɔxuj] adj. num. or d. seventh ◇ VT/47:42
o d o t h u i S. [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. or d. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. o t h u i
o t h u i S. [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. or d. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25
p a e n u i S. [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. or d. tenth ◇ VT/42:25
t a d u i S. [tˈɑduj] adj. num. or d. second ◇ VT/42:25
t o l l u i S. [tˈɔɬuj] (Ar ch. t o l h u i S., Ar ch. t o l t h u i S.) adj. num. or d. eighth ◇ VT/42:25, VT/42:27,
VT/47:32, VT/42:10, Tengwestie/20031207 ⇒ Cf. t o l o t h e n
t o l o t h e n S. [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. or d. eighth ← er in dolothen SD/129-31 ⇒ Cf. t o l l u i
*c a e n e n S. [kˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. or d. tenth ← nelchaenen SD/129-131 ⇒ Cf. p a e n u i , c a e n u i
∗c a e n u i S. [kˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. or d. tenth ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. p a e n u i , c a e n e n
∗t a d e g S. [tˈɑdɛg] adj. num. or d. second ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. t a d u i , e d w e n
∗n e l e g S. [nˈɛlɛg] adj. num. or d. thir d ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. n a i l , n e l u i
n e r t h u i S. [nˈɛr θuj] adj. num. or d. ninth ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. n e d r u i

1.8.2.1.1.3. quantity

Template: quantity
Expansion patter n: $num[gr amGr p/subc = 'quant.']

e d a i d S. [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. num. quant. double ◇ VT/42:26-27

t a d o l N. [tˈɑdɔl] adj. num. quant. double ◇ Ety/391
1.9. pronoun

Template: pr onoun
Expansion patter n: //entr y[contains(gr amGr p/pos, 'pr on.')]

a i S. [ɑj] pr on. r el. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30

a m m e n S. [ˈɑmmɛn] pr on. 1st pl. of us, for us, towar d us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27 ◇ an+men
a n i m S. [ˈɑnim] pr on. 1st for myself ◇ LotR/A(v) ◇ an+im ⇒ Cf. e n n i
e S. [ɛ] pr on. 3r d he ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ The meaning "he" is deduced fr om the appar ent function of this wor d in the so-called
"King's Letter ", but it also seems possible to inter pr et it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used her e in a way of
for mal addr ess expr essing the wishes or the will of the King
e n n i S. [ˈɛnni] pr on. 1st to me ◇ VT/41:11 ◇ an+ni ⇒ Cf. e n n i
h a N. [hɑ] (h a n a N.) pl. h a i n S. [hɑjn] (h e i n N.) pr on. 3r d it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI
h e N. [hɛ] (h e n N., h e n e N.) pl. h î n N. [hiːn] pr on. 3r d f. she ◇ Ety/385
h o N. [hɔ] (h o n N., h o n o N.) pl. h u i n N. pr on. 3r d m. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
i S., N. [i] pl. i n S., N. [in] ar t. and pr on. r el. 1 . the ○ 2 . who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letter s/308, Letter s/417
i m S. [ˈim] pr on. 1st I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/47:14,37-38 ◈ In late wr itings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien r einter pr eted
this for m as a r eflexive pr onoun (= "self").
l e S. [lɛ] pr on. 2nd to thee (r ever ential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letter s/278, LB/354
m a n S. [mɑn] pr on. (?) what? ◇ TL/21:09
m e n S., N. [mˈɛn] pr on. 1st pl. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354, tir o men VT/45:37
m í n S. [mˈiːn] pr on. us ◇ VT/44:21,28
n i n S. [nin] pr on. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72
p e n S. [pɛn] pr on. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as b e n
*t e n S. [dɛn] pr on. (?) it (as object) ← car o den VT/44:21,25-6
*t i S. [ti] pr on. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30

1.10. auxiliary

Template: auxiliar y
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'aux.']

a v a - S. [ˈɑvɑ] aux. will not

1.11. verb

Template: ver b
Expansion r ule: $ver b ::= //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'v.']

1.11.1. bad code hack

Pr ototype: bad code hack

Selection axis: $ver b[not(gr amGr p/tns) and not(gr amGr p/mood)]

1.11.1.1. stem (infinive, past tense)

Template: stem (infinive, past tense)

Expansion patter n: $ver b[not(gr amGr p/tns) and not(gr amGr p/mood)]

*a d e r t h a - S. [ɑdˈɛr θɑ] v. to r eunite ← Ader thad S/409 ◇ ad- + er tʰa- "to make one again", OS *ater tʰa-
*a t l a n n a - N. inf. a t l a n n o N. v. to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
*a d l e g - N. [ˈɑdlɛg] inf. a d l e g i N. [ˈɑdlɛgi] pa. t. a d l e n c N. [ˈɑdlɛŋk] v. Ar ch., Poet. to loose, let loose, r elease ◇
VT/45:27
*a n g l e n n a - S. [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to appr oach ← anglennatha SD/129-31 ◇ an+*glenna-, OS *añglenna-, CE *angledna-
a n í r a - S. [ɑnˈiːr ɑ] v. to desir e ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ an+*ír a- or *nír a- (?) OS *anîr a-
*a n n a - N. [ˈɑnnɑ] inf. a n n o N. [ˈɑnnɔ] v. to give ◇ Ety/348
a p h a d - S. [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387 ◈ In WJ/387, the ver bal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-
pata. If we follow the latter , the ver b should per haps r ead aphada- ◇ ab-+pad- "to walk behind, on a tr ack or
path"
*a t h r a d a - N. [ˈɑθr ɑdɑ] inf. a t h r a d o N. [ˈɑθr ɑdɔ] v. to cr oss, tr aver se ◇ Ety/383 ◇ ath-+r ada-
a w a r t h a - N. [ɑwˈɑr θɑ] v. to for sake, abandon ◇ Ety/397
b a n g a - N. [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to tr ade ◇ Ety/372
*b a r t h a - N. [bˈɑr θɑ] inf. b a r t h o N. [bˈɑr θɔ] v. to doom ◇ Ety/372
*b a t h a - N. [bˈɑθɑ] inf. b a t h o N. [bˈɑθɔ] v. to tr ample ◇ Ety/352
*b a u g l a - N. [bˈɑuglɑ] inf. b a u g l o N. [bˈɑuglɔ] v. to oppr ess ◇ Ety/372
*b e r i a - N. [bˈɛr i.ɑ] inf. b e r i o N. [bˈɛr i.ɔ] v. to pr otect ◇ Ety/351
*b e r t h a - N. [bˈɛr θɑ] inf. b e r t h o N. [bˈɛr θɔ] v. to dar e ◇ Ety/352
*b l a b - N. [blˈɑb] inf. b l e b i N. [blˈɛbi] v. to beat, batter , flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380
b o d a - S. [bˈɔdɑ] v. to ban, pr ohibit ◇ WJ/372
*b r e i t h a - N. [br ˈɛjθɑ] inf. b r e i t h o N. [br ˈɛjθɔ] v. to br eak out suddenly ◇ Ety/352
*b r e n i a - N. [br ˈɛni.ɑ] inf. b r e n i o N. [br ˈɛni.ɔ] v. to endur e ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7 ◈ The for m br onio in the
Etymologies is a misr eading accor ding to VT/45:7
*b r o n a - N. [br ˈɔnɑ] inf. b r o n o N. [br ˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to sur vive ◇ Ety/353
*b u i a - N. [bˈuj.ɑ] inf. b u i o N. [bˈuj.ɔ] v. to ser ve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353
*c a b - S. [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100
c a n - S. [kˈɑn] v. to cr y out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362
*c a r - S. [kˈɑr ] ir r eg. pa. t. a g o r S. [ˈɑgɔr ] v. to do ← avo gar o WJ/371, WJ/415
*c e n - N. [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedr il TI/184
*c r i t h a - N. [kr ˈiθɑ] inf. c r i t h o N. [kr ˈiθɔ] v. to r eap ◇ Ety/365
*c u i a - S. [kˈuj.ɑ] v. to live ← cuio LotR/VI:IV, Letter s/308
*c u i n a - N. [kˈujnɑ] inf. c u i n o N. [kˈujnɔ] v. to be alive ◇ Ety/366
*d a g - N. [dˈɑg] inf. d e g i N. [dˈɛgi] pa. t. d a n c N. [dˈɑŋk] (d e g a n t N.) v. to slay ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
*d a g r a - N. [dˈɑgr ɑ] inf. d a g r o N. [dˈɑgr ɔ] v. to battle ◇ Ety/375
d a m m a - N. [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. d a m m a n t N. [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37 ◈ It was long consider ed
that damna-, dammint in the Etymologies might have been misr eadings. VT/45:37 confir ms this, though the
exact r eading actually r emains r ather uncer tain
d a n t - N. v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/Z ◈ Wr itten dant- in the Etymologies
*d a r - N. [dˈɑr ] inf. d e r i N. [dˈɛr i] v. to stay, wait, stop, r emain ◇ Ety/353
d a r t h a - N. [dˈɑr θɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endur e, r emain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8
d e l i a - N. [dˈɛli.ɑ] inf. d e l i o N. [dˈɛli.ɔ] (d œl i o N.) v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355
d í h e n a - S. [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to for give (with matter for given as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ⇒ Cf. g o h e n a -
*d i l i a - N. [dˈili.ɑ] inf. d i l i o N. [dˈili.ɔ] pa. t. d i l i a n t N. [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9
d o l t h a - N. [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Ar ch. d a u l N. [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355
*d o r t h a - N. [dˈɔr θɑ] inf. d o r t h o N. [dˈɔr θɔ] v. to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376
*d r a f- N. [dr ˈɑv] inf. d r a v o N. [dr ˈɑvɔ] pa. t. d r a m m e n N. [dr ˈɑmmɛn] (d r a v a n t N., Ar ch. d r a m p N.) v. to hew ◇
Ety/354, VT/45:8
*d r e g a - S. [dr ˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imper ative dr ego is attested. Ther efor e, the ver b may also be dr eg- (inf.
dr egi)
*d r i n g a - N. [dr ˈiŋgɑ] inf. d r i n g o N. [dr ˈiŋgɔ] v. to beat (with a hammer , etc.) ◇ Ety/355
*e c h a d - N. [ˈɛxɑd] inf. e c h e d i N. [ˈɛxɛdi] pa. t. e c h a n t S., N. [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV
*e g l e d h i a - N. [ɛglˈɛði.ɑ] (*e g l e d h - N. [ˈɛglɛð]) inf. e g l e d h i o (cor r . eglehio) N. [ɛglˈɛði.ɔ] (e g l e d h i N. [ˈɛglɛði]) pa. t.
e g l e d h a s N. [ˈɛglɛðɑs] (Ar ch. e g l a n t N.) v. to go into exile ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:27, X/TL
*e d l o t h i a - S. [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TL ◈ The sentence fr om WR/293 is har dly
legible and is not tr anslated, but this wor d is however a plausible for m
e d o n n a - N. [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379 ◇ ed+*onna-
*e d r a - S., N. [ˈɛdr ɑ] v. to open
*e g l e r i a - S. [ɛglˈɛr i.ɑ] v. to glor ify, to pr aise
e i t h a - S. [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1 . to pr ick with a shar p point, to stab ○ 2 . by ext., to tr eat with scor n, insult ◇ WJ/365
*e r c h a - N. [ˈɛr xɑ] inf. e r c h o N. [ˈɛr xɔ] v. to pr ick ◇ Ety/356
*e r i a - N. [ˈɛr i.ɑ] inf. e r i o N. [ˈɛr i.ɔ] pa. t. e r i a s N. [ˈɛr i.ɑs] (Ar ch. o r o n t e N.) v. to r ise ◇ Ety/379, VT/46:7 ⇒ Cf.
o r t h a-
*e r t h a - S. [ˈɛr θɑ] v. to unite ← Ader thad S/409
*e s t a - S. [ˈɛstɑ] v. to name ← estathar SD/129-31
*fa l t h a - N. [fˈɑlθɑ] inf. fa l t h o N. [fˈɑlθɔ] v. to foam ◇ Ety/381
*fa r a - N. [fˈɑr ɑ] inf. fa r o N. [fˈɑr ɔ] v. to hunt ◇ Ety/387
fe i r a - N. [fˈɛjr ɑ] v. to suffice ◇ VT/46:9
*fu i a - N. [fˈuj.ɑ] inf. fu i o N. [fˈuj.ɔ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381
g a d - N. [gˈɑd] inf. g e d i N. [gˈɛdi] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358
*g a l a - N. [gˈɑlɑ] inf. g a l o N. [gˈɑlɔ] v. to gr ow ◇ Ety/357
*g a n n a - N. [gˈɑnnɑ] inf. g a n n o N. [gˈɑnnɔ] v. to play a har p ◇ Ety/377
*g a n n a d a - N. [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] inf. g a n n a d o N. [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. to play a har p ◇ Ety/377
*g a r - N. [gˈɑr ] inf. g a r o N. [gˈɑr ɔ] v. to hold, have ◇ Ety/360
g a w - N. [gˈɑw] v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Z
*g e n e d i a - S. [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑ] v. to r eckon ← genediad SD/129-31
*g i r - N. [gˈir ] inf. g i r i N. [gˈir i] v. to shudder ◇ Ety/358
g l a d h - S. [glˈɑð] v. to laugh ← gladh- PM/359
*g l a v r a - N. [glˈɑvr ɑ] inf. g l a v r o N. [glˈɑvr ɔ] v. to babble ◇ Ety/358
g l e i n a - S. [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entr y should per haps r ead gleinia-, cf.
VT/42:28, note 13
g l i n g - N. [glˈiŋ] v. to hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369, VT/45:15,27
g l i n t h a - S. v. to glance at ◇ WJ/337
g l i r - N. [glˈir ] inf. g l i r i N. [glˈir i] v. to sing, tr ill, to r ecite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369, VT/45:15 ◈ The for m glin in
the Etymologies is a misr eading accor ding to VT/45:15
g o h e n a - S. [gˈɔhɛnɑ] v. to for give (with per son for given as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ⇒ Cf. d í h e n a -
g o n a t h r a - N. [gɔnˈɑθr ɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375
g o n o d - N. [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, r eckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399, VT/46:6
g o s t a - N. [gˈɔstɑ] v. to fear exceedingly ◇ Ety/359
*g o v a d - S. [gˈɔvɑd] v. to meet ← mae govannen LotR/I:XII, Letter s/308 ◇ Etym. "to walk together "
g r o g a - S. [gr ˈɔgɑ] v. to feel ter r or ◇ WJ/415
g r u i t h a - S. [gr ˈujθɑ] v. to ter r ify ◇ WJ/415
*g w a e d a - N. [gwˈɑɛdɑ] inf. g w a e d o N. [gwˈɑɛdɔ] v. to enfold ◇ VT/46:21
*g w a n n a - N. [gwˈɑnnɑ] inf. g w a n n o N. [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. to depar t, die ◇ Ety/397
*g w a t h a - N. [gwˈɑθɑ] inf. g w a t h o N. [gwˈɑθɔ] v. to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397
g w a t h r a - S. [gwˈɑθr ɑ] v. to over shadow, dim, veil, obscur e ◇ VT/42:9
*g w e d h - N. [gwˈɛð] inf. g w e d h i (cor r . gwedi) N. [gwˈɛði] pa. t. g w e d h a n t N. [gwˈɛðɑnt] (g w e n d N., g w e n n N.) v. to
bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1
*g w e r i a - N. [gwˈɛr i.ɑ] inf. g w e r i o N. [gwˈɛr i.ɔ] v. to betr ay, cheat ◇ Ety/397
*g w e s t a - N. [gwˈɛstɑ] inf. g w e s t o N. [gwˈɛstɔ] v. to swear ◇ Ety/397
h a b - N. [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363
*h a d - N. [hˈɑd] inf. h e d i N. [hˈɛdi] pa. t. h a n t N. [hˈɑnt] v. to hur l ◇ Ety/363
h a f- N. [hˈɑv] pa. t. h a m p N. [hˈɑmp] (h a fa n t N.) v. to sit ◇ VT/45:20
*h a l - N. [hˈɑl] inf. h e l i N. [hˈɛli] pa. t. h a u l N. [hˈɑul] v. to lift ◇ VT/45:20
h a l t h a - N. [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to scr een ◇ Ety/386
h a m m a - N. [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:21 ◈ The for m hamnia- in the Etymologies is a misr eading
accor ding to VT/45:21
*h a r n a - N. [hˈɑr nɑ] inf. h a r n o N. [hˈɑr nɔ] v. to wound ◇ Ety/386
*h a r t h a - S. [hˈɑr θɑ] v. to hope ← Har thad SD/62
*h a s t a - N. [hˈɑstɑ] inf. h a s t o N. [hˈɑstɔ] v. to hack thr ough ◇ Ety/389
*h e b - S. [hˈɛb] v. to r etain, keep, do not give away or r elease, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6
h e l t h a - N. [hˈɛl̡
θ ɑ] v. to str ip ◇ Ety/386, VT/46:14 ◈ The for m helta- in the Etymologies is a misr eading accor ding
to VT/46:14
*h e n i a - N. [hˈɛni.ɑ] inf. h e n i o N. [hˈɛni.ɔ] v. to under stand ◇ Ety/363
*h e r i a - N. [hˈɛr i.ɑ] inf. h e r i o N. [hˈɛr i.ɔ] (h œr i o N.) v. to begin suddenly and vigor ously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22 ◈
The for ms heno, hœno in the Etymologies ar e misr eadings accor ding to VT/45:22
h o r t h a - N. [hˈɔr θɑ] v. to ur ge on, speed ◇ Ety/364
*c h w i n i a - N. inf. c h w i n i o N. v. to twir l, whir l, eddy ◇ Ety/388
i a l l a - N. [jˈɑllɑ] v. to call ◇ VT/46:22
*i s t a - N. [ˈistɑ] inf. i s t o N. [ˈistɔ] pa. t. i s t a s N. [ˈistɑs] (Ar ch. s i n t N.) v. to have knowledge ◇ Ety/361, VT/45:18
*i u i t h a - N. [jˈujθɑ] inf. i u i t h o N. [jˈujθɔ] v. to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400, VT/46:23 ◈ The gloss was har dly legible
and Chr istopher Tolkien r ead "to enjoy" in Ety/400, but the meaning "to employ", much mor e pr obable (Cf.
i u i t h ), was later confir med in VT/45:23
*l a b a - S. [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60 ◈ This entr y is inter polated fr om Sador 's nickname, Labadal, which is
r ender ed as "Hopafoot" in the text
*l a c h a - S. [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame
*l a s t a - S. [lˈɑstɑ] v. to listen
*l h a t h r a - N. inf. l h a t h r o N. v. to listen in, eavesdr op ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
*l h a t h r a d a - N. inf. l h a t h r a d o N. v. to listen in, eavesdr op ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
*l h a f- N. inf. l h e fi N. v. to lick ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
l e i t h i a - N. [lˈɛjθi.ɑ] (l h e i t h o N.) v. to r elease ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
l e u t h a - S. [lˈɛwθɑ] v. to pick up or out (with the finger s) ◇ VT/47:10,23
l h i m m i d N. pa. t. l h i m m i n t N. v. to moisten ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
*l i n n a - S. [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:I
*l i r i a - N. [lˈir i.ɑ] inf. l i r i o N. [lˈir i.ɔ] v. to sing ◇ VT/45:28
l h o d a - N. v. to float ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
*l u i t h i a - S. [lˈujθi.ɑ] v. to quench ← uluithiad SD/62 ◈ Per haps compar e with Q. luita- "to flood, inundate, dr ench"
and the r oot LUY - See VT/48:31
l h ú t h a - N. v. to enchant ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
*m a d - N. [mˈɑd] inf. m e d i N. [mˈɛdi] v. to eat ◇ Ety/371
m a e t h a - N. [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fight ◇ Ety/371
m a e t h a - S. [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to handle, wield, manage, deal with ◇ VT/47:6
*m a t h a - N. [mˈɑθɑ] inf. m a t h o N. [mˈɑθɔ] v. to str oke, feel, handle ◇ Ety/371
*m e l - N. [mˈɛl] inf. m e l o N. [mˈɛlɔ] pa. t. m e l a n t N. [mˈɛlɑnt] v. to love ◇ VT/45:34
m i n n a - S. [mˈinnɑ] v. to enter
*m i s t a - N. [mˈistɑ] inf. m i s t o N. [mˈistɔ] v. to str ay ◇ Ety/373
*m u d a - N. [mˈudɑ] inf. m u d o N. [mˈudɔ] pa. t. m u d a s N. [mˈudɑs] v. to labour , toil ◇ Ety/373
*n a - S. [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24
*n e g r a - N. inf. n e g r o N. v. to pain ◇ Ety/375, X/Z
n a g - N. [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374
*n a l l a - S. [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cr y ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letter s/278
*n a r a - N. [nˈɑr ɑ] inf. n a r o N. [nˈɑr ɔ] pa. t. n a r a n t e N. [nɑr ˈɑntɛ] v. Ar ch., Poet. to tell ◇ Ety/374, VT/45:36
n a r c h a - N. [nˈɑr xɑ] v. to r end ◇ Ety/374
*n a r t h a - N. [nˈɑr θɑ] inf. n a r t h o N. [nˈɑr θɔ] v. to kindle ◇ VT/45:37
n a s t a - N. [nˈɑstɑ] v. to pr ick, point, stick, thr ust ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
n a u t h a - N. [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378
*n e d i a - S. [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (n œd i a - N.) v. to count ◇ Ety/378, VT/46:6
*n e i t h a - S. [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wr ong, to depr ive ← Neithan UT/456
*n e l e d h - N. [nɛlˈɛð] inf. n e l e d h i N. [nɛlˈɛði] v. to enter ◇ TAI/150, HL/77 ◈ Hammond and Scull appar ently
under stand this wor d as a der ivative of neledh "thr ee", hence their tr anslation neledh neledhi "thr ee by thr ee".
However , we have shown in Hiswelókë (thir d issue, pp. 74-78) that this wor d is conceivably a ver b der ived fr om
LED "to go". The pr efix ne- also occur s in nestegi "to inser t, stick in" ◇ OS *ne- + ledi- "to go into"
n e l l a - N. [nˈɛl̡
l ɑ] v. to sound (of bells) ◇ Ety/379, VT/46:7
*n e s t a - N. [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380
*n e s t a g - N. [nˈɛstɑg] inf. n e s t e g i N. [nˈɛstɛgi] pa. t. n e s t a n c N. [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to inser t, stick in ◇ Ety/388
n i m m i d N. pa. t. n i m m i n t N. [nˈimmint] v. to whiten ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
n u d - N. v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
*n o r - S. [nˈɔr ] v. 1 . to r un ○ 2 . by ext., to r ide
n u i t h a - S. [nˈujθɑ] v. to stunt, to pr event fr om coming to completion, stop shor t, not allow to continue ◇ WJ/413
 o l t h a - N. [ˈɔlθɑ] v. to dr eam ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379
*o n n a - S. [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387
*o r t h a - N. [ˈɔr θɑ] inf. o r t h o N. [ˈɔr θɔ] pa. t. o r t h a n t N. [ˈɔr θɑnt] v. to r aise ◇ Ety/379 ⇒ Cf. e r i a -
*o r t h e l - N. [ˈɔr θɛl] inf. o r t h e l i N. [ˈɔr θɛli] v. to r oof, scr een above ◇ Ety/391
*o r t h o r - N. [ˈɔr θɔr ] inf. o r t h e r i N. [ˈɔr θɛr i] v. to master , conquer ◇ Ety/395
*o s g a r - N. [ˈɔsgɑr ] inf. e s g e r i N. [ˈɛsgɛr i] v. to cut r ound, to amputate ◇ Ety/379
*o v r a - N. [ˈɔvr ɑ] inf. o v r o N. [ˈɔvr ɔ] v. to abound ◇ Ety/396
*p a d a - S. [pˈɑdɑ] v. to walk ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Thar bad (*thar a-pata) WJ/387, S/438
*p a n n a - N. [pˈɑnnɑ] inf. p a n n o N. [pˈɑnnɔ] v. to open, to enlar ge ◇ Ety/380
p a n n o d N. v. to fill ◇ Ety/366, X/Z
*p a t h r a - N. [pˈɑθr ɑ] inf. p a t h r o N. [pˈɑθr ɔ] v. to fill ◇ Ety/366
*p e d - S. [pˈɛd] pa. t. *p e n t S. [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, ar phent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09
*p e l i a - N. [pˈɛli.ɑ] inf. p e l i o N. [pˈɛli.ɔ] v. to spr ead ◇ Ety/380
*p e n i a - N. [pˈɛni.ɑ] inf. p e n i o N. [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380
p e n n a - S. [pˈɛnnɑ] v. to slant down ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
p l a d a - S. [plˈɑdɑ] v. to feel with the hand, to pass the sensitive palm over a sur face ◇ VT/47:9
*p r e s t a - N. [pr ˈɛstɑ] inf. p r e s t o N. [pr ˈɛstɔ] v. to affect, tr ouble, distur b ◇ Ety/380
*p u i a - N. [pˈuj.ɑ] inf. p u i o N. [pˈuj.ɔ] v. to spit ◇ Ety/382
*r a d a - N. [r ˈɑdɑ] inf. r a d o N. [r ˈɑdɔ] v. to make a way, find a way ◇ Ety/383
r a e d a - S. [r ˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12
*r h e d h - N. inf. r h e d h i N. v. to sow ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
*r h e n i a - N. inf. r h e n i o N. v. to str ay ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
*r h e v i a - N. inf. r h e v i o (cor r . r henio) N. v. 1 . to fly, sail ○ 2 . to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
*t h r i b - N. inf. t h r i b i N. v. to scr atch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH
r h i b - N. v. to flow like a (tor r ent ?) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ The r eading of the gloss is uncer tain
*r h i s t a - N. inf. r h i s t o N. v. 1 . to cut ○ 2 . to r end, r ip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
*r h i t h a - N. inf. r h i t h o N. v. to jer k, twitch, snatch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
*r o s t a - N. [r ˈɔstɑ] inf. r o s t o N. [r ˈɔstɔ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384
s a u t h a - N. [sˈɑuθɑ] v. to dr ain ◇ Ety/388
s e i d i a - S. [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appr opr iate to a special pur pose or owner ◇ VT/42:20
s í l a - N. [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white
*s i r i a - N. [sˈir i.ɑ] inf. s i r i o N. [sˈir i.ɔ] v. to flow ◇ Ety/385
*s o g - N. [sˈɔg] inf. s o g o N. [sˈɔgɔ] pa. t. s o g a n t N. [sˈɔgɑnt] (s u n c N.) v. to dr ink ◇ Ety/388, VT/46:16
*s u i l a - S. [sˈujlɑ] v. to gr eet ← suilad SD/129-31
*s u i l a n n a - S. [sujlˈɑnnɑ] v. to gr eet, to give gr eetings ← suilannad SD/129-31
*t a e t h a - N. [tˈɑɛθɑ] inf. t a e t h o N. [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389
*t a m m a - N. [tˈɑmmɑ] inf. t a m m o N. [tˈɑmmɔ] v. to knock ◇ Ety/390, VT/46:17
*t a n g a d a - N. [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] inf. t a n g a d o N. [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. to make fir m, confir m, establish ◇ Ety/389
*t e i t h a - N. [tˈɛjθɑ] inf. t e i t h o N. [tˈɛjθɔ] pa. t. t e i t h a n t N. [tˈɛjθɑnt] v. to wr ite ◇ Ety/391, LotR/II:IV
*t e l i a - N. [tˈɛli.ɑ] (*t e i l i a - N.) inf. t e l i o N. [tˈɛli.ɔ] (t e i l i o N.) v. to play ◇ Ety/395
t h e l - S. [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, pur pose, r esolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
*t h i a - N. [θˈi.ɑ] inf. t h i o N. [θˈi.ɔ] v. to appear , seem ◇ Ety/392
*t h i l i a - N. [θˈili.ɑ] inf. t h i l i o N. [θˈili.ɔ] v. to glisten ◇ Ety/392, VT/46:18
t h i n n a - N. [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to gr ow towar ds evening ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The punctuation in The Etymologies is
consider ed incor r ect (the full dot after this wor d should conceivably be a comma)
*t h o r a - N. [θˈɔr ɑ] inf. t h o r o N. [θˈɔr ɔ] v. to fence ◇ Ety/393
*t h o s t a - N. [θˈɔstɑ] inf. t h o s t o N. [θˈɔstɔ] v. to stink ◇ VT/46:19
*t h u i a - N. [θˈuj.ɑ] inf. t h u i o N. [θˈuj.ɔ] v. to br eathe ◇ Ety/393
*t i n n a - N. [tˈinnɑ] inf. t i n n o N. [tˈinnɔ] v. to glint ◇ Ety/393
*t i r - N. [tˈir ] inf. t i r i N. [tˈir i] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394
*t í r a - S. [tˈiːr ɑ] v. to see ← tír ad SD/129-31
*t i r i a - N. [tˈir i.ɑ] inf. t i r i o N. [tˈir i.ɔ] pa. t. t i r i a n t N. [tˈir i.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394
*t o b a - N. [tˈɔbɑ] inf. t o b o N. [tˈɔbɔ] v. to cover , r oof over ◇ Ety/394
*t o g - N. [tˈɔg] inf. t e g i N. [tˈɛgi] v. to lead, br ing ◇ Ety/395
*t o l - N. [tˈɔl] inf. t e l i N. [tˈɛli] v. to come ◇ Ety/395
*t o l t h a - N. [tˈɔlθɑ] inf. t o l t h o N. [tˈɔlθɔ] v. to fetch, summon, make come ◇ Ety/395
*t o r t h a - N. [tˈɔr θɑ] inf. t o r t h o N. [tˈɔr θɔ] v. to wield, contr ol ◇ Ety/395
t r a s t a - N. [tr ˈɑstɑ] v. to har ass, tr ouble ◇ Ety/391
*t r e n a r - N. [tr ˈɛnɑr ] inf. t r e n e r i N. [tr ˈɛnɛr i] pa. t. t r e n o r N. [tr ˈɛnɔr ] (t r e n e r N.) v. to r ecount, to tell to end ◇
Ety/374
*t r e v a d - N. [tr ˈɛvɑd] inf. t r e v e d i N. [tr ˈɛvɛdi] pa. t. t r e v a n t N. [tr ˈɛvɑnt] v. to tr aver se ◇ Ety/352
*t u i a - N. [tˈuj.ɑ] inf. t u i o N. [tˈuj.ɔ] v. 1 . to spr out, spr ing ○ 2 . to swell ◇ Ety/394-395

1.12. tense

Pr ototype: tense
Selection axis: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns]

1.12.1. present

Template: pr esent
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns = 'pr es.']
 a v a m S. [ˈɑvɑm] v. pr es. 1st pl. of a v a -, we won't ◇ WJ/371
a v o n S. [ˈɑvɔn] v. pr es. 1st of a v a -, I won't ◇ WJ/371
b l â b N. [blˈɑːb] v. pr es. 3r d of b l a b -, (he) flaps, beats ◇ Ety/380 ◈ The Etymologies seem to list this wor d as a noun, but
it is clear ly the thir d per son singular of the ver b
c e r i r S. [kˈɛr ir ] v. pr es. 3r d pl. of c a r -, they do ◇ VT/44:22,30
*c u i n a r S. [kˈujnɑr ] v. pr es. 3r d pl. of c u i n a -, (they) live ← i-chuinar Letter s/417
d i h e n a m S. v. pr es. 1st pl. of d í h e n a -, we for give ◇ VT/44:22,29 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscr ipt, the for m dihenam was
r ejected in favor of g o h e n a m
g e r i n N. [gˈɛr in] v. pr es. 1st of g a r -, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360
g o h e n a m S. [gˈɔhɛnɑm] v. pr es. 1st pl. of g o h e n a -, we for give ◇ VT/44:21,29
*h e b i n S. [hˈɛbin] v. pr es. 1st of h e b -, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6 ◈ Because of the mutation
tr igger ed by the fir st per son pr onominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-,
*hab- or *hob-. The r oot KHEP listed in VT/41:6 appar ently implies that heb- is the cor r ect for m
l h â f N. v. pr es. 3r d of l h a f-, (he) licks ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
l i n n o n S. [lˈinnɔn] v. pr es. 1st of l i n n a -, I sing ◇ LB/354
l h ô d N. v. pr es. 3r d of l h o d a -, (he) floats ◇ VT/45:29, X/LH
n a l l o n S. [nˈɑllɔn] v. pr es. 1st of n a l l a -, I cr y ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letter s/278
o r t h o r N. [ˈɔr θɔr ] v. pr es. 3r d of o r t h o r -, (he) master s, conquer s ◇ Ety/395
o s g a r N. [ˈɔsgɑr ] v. pr es. 3r d of o s g a r -, (he) cuts, amputates ◇ Ety/379
*p ê d S. [pˈɛːd] v. pr es. 3r d of p e d -, (he) says ← gur en bêd enni VT/41:11
s í l a N. [sˈiːlɑ] v. pr es. 3r d of s í l a -, (he) shines white ◇ LB/354
s ô g N. [sˈɔːg] v. pr es. 3r d of s o g -, (he) dr inks ◇ Ety/388
t h i a N. [θˈi.ɑ] v. pr es. 3r d of t h i a -, it appear s ◇ Ety/392
t ô g N. [tˈɔːg] v. pr es. 3r d of t o g -, (he) leads, br ings ◇ Ety/395
t ô l S., N. [tˈɔːl] v. pr es. 3r d of t o l -, (he) comes ◇ Ety/395, WJ/254 ◈ Accor ding to WJ/301, the expr ession tôl achar n
"vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl achar n by Tolkien

1.12.2. future

Template: futur e
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns = 'fut.']

a n g l e n n a t h a S. [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑθɑ] v. fut. 3r d of a n g l e n n a -, (he) will appr oach ◇ SD/129-31

e s t a t h a r S. [ˈɛstɑθɑr ] v. fut. 3r d pl. of e s t a -, (they) will name ◇ SD/129-31
l i n n a t h o n S. [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. fut. 1st of l i n n a -, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

1.12.3. past participle

Template: past par ticiple

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns = 'pp.']

d a n g e n N. [dˈɑŋgɛn] pp. of d a g -, slain ◇ Ety/375

d a n n e n N. [dˈɑnnɛn] pp. of d a n t -, fallen ◇ Ety/354
d o l e n N. [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of d o l t h a -, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355
g o v a n n e n S. [gɔvˈɑnnɛn] pp. of g o v a d -, met ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letter s/308
h o l l e n S. [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV, RC/550
*o n n e n S. [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. *e n n i n S. [ˈɛnnin] pp. of o n n a -, bor n ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387
p r e s t a n n e n N. [pr ɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of p r e s t a -, 1 . affected ○ 2 . Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380
*r e m m e n S. [r ˈɛmmɛn] pl. r e m m i n S. [r ˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhr emmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
s o g a n n e n (cor r . sogennen) N. [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of s o g -, dr unk ◇ Ety/388
t h o r e n N. [θˈɔr ɛn] pp. of t h o r a -, fenced ◇ Ety/393
*t i r n e n S. [tˈir nɛn] pp. of t i r -, guar ded ← Talath Dir nen UT/465, Ety/394, S/437

1.12.4. perfective

Template: per fective

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns = 'per f.']

t í r i e l S. [tˈiːr i.ɛl̡
] per f. of t i r i a -, having gazed ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

1.12.5. participle

Template: par ticiple

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/tns = 'par t.']

g l a v r o l N. [glˈɑvr ɔl] par t. of g l a v r a -, babbling ◇ Ety/358

c h w i n i o l N. par t. of c h w i n i a -, whir ling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388
m í r i e l S. [mˈiːr i.ɛl̡ ] par t. spar kling like a jewel ◇ RGEO/64, LotR/II:I
t i r i e l S. [tˈir i.ɛl̡
] par t. of t i r i a -, gazing ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
1.13. mood

Pr ototype: mood
Selection axis: //entr y[gr amGr p/mood]

1.13.1. imperative

Template: imper ative

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/mood = 'imp.']

a n n o S. [ˈɑnnɔ] v. imp. of a n n a -, give! ◇ VT/44:21,27

a v o S. [ˈɑvɔ] v. imp. of a v a -, don't! ◇ WJ/371 ◈ Used as a negative adver b befor e an imper ative: avo gar o "don't do it!".
Sometimes used as pr efix: avgar o
c a r o S. [kˈɑr ɔ] v. imp. of c a r -, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25
c u i o S. [kˈuj.ɔ] v. imp. of c u i a -, live! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letter s/308
d a r o S., N. [dˈɑr ɔ] v. imp. of d a r -, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VI
d í h e n o S. [dˈiːhɛnɔ] v. imp. of d í h e n a -, for give! ◇ VT/44:21,28
d r e g o S. [dr ˈɛgɔ] v. imp. of d r e g a -, flee! ◇ UT/65
e d r o S., N. [ˈɛdr ɔ] v. imp. of e d r a -, open! ◇ Ety/357, LotR/II:IV
e g l e r i o S. [ɛglˈɛr i.ɔ] v. imp. of e g l e r i a -, glor ify! pr aise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letter s/308
l a c h o S. [lˈɑxɔ] v. imp. of l a c h a -, flame! ◇ UT/65
l a s t o S. [lˈɑstɔ] v. imp. of l a s t a -, listen! ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, LB/354
m i n n o S. [mˈinnɔ] v. imp. of m i n n a -, enter ! (lit. to the inside!) ◇ LotR/II:IV
n o S. [nˈɔ] v. imp. of n a -, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24
n o r o S. [nˈɔr ɔ] v. imp. of n o r -, r un! r ide! ← nor o lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196, RC/195 ◈ Untr anslated in LotR, but wr itten
nor a-lim and r ender ed as "r ide on" in RS/196 (not a liter al tr anslation) and later tr anslated as "r un swift" in RC/195. A
ver b n o r - is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to r un, r oll"
p e d o S. [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of p e d -, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letter s/424
t i r o S. [tˈir ɔ] v. imp. of t i r -, look! ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letter s/278-79, Letter s/427
t o l o S. [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of t o l -, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25

1.14. interjection

Template: inter jection

Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'inter j.']

a S. [ɑ] inter j. O! ◇ Letter s/308 ◈ See also a i and a e

a e S. [ˈɑɛ] inter j. O! ◇ VT/44:21,22 ◈ See also a i and a
a i S. [ˈɑj] inter j. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XII ◈ Though attested in LotR, this wor d might r elate to a e , with the r egular change fr om ai to ae
between Noldor in and Sindar in
a l a e S. [ˈɑlɑɛ] inter j. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40 ◈ Uncer tain meaning, but compar e with Quenya ela! "imper ative exclamation dir ecting
sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)
b a w S. [bˈɑw] inter j. no, don't! ◇ WJ/371
e g o S. [ˈɛgɔ] inter j. be off! ◇ WJ/365
e l o S. [ˈɛlɔ] inter j. an exclamation of wonder , admir ation, delight ◇ WJ/362
n a e N. [nˈɑɛ] inter j. alas ◇ Ety/375

1.15. prefix

Template: pr efix
Expansion patter n: //entr y[gr amGr p/pos = 'pr ef.']

a b - S. [ɑb] pr ef. after , later ← Abonnen WJ/387

a d - N. [ɑd] pr ef. back, again, r e- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6
a l - N. [ɑl] pr ef. no, not ◇ Ety/367
a n - N. [ɑn] pr ef. with, by ◇ Ety/374
a r - N. [ɑr ] pr ef. 1 . Ar ch. etym. beside ○ 2 . by ext., without ◇ Ety/349
a r a - S. [ɑr ɑ] (a r - S.) pr ef. high, noble, r oyal ◇ S/428 ◇ Reduced for m of a r a n , element in the names of the kings of Ar nor and
Ar thedain
a t h - N. [ɑθ] pr ef. on both sides, acr oss ◇ Ety/349
a t h r a - S. [ɑθr ɑ] pr ef. acr oss ← Athr abeth MR/329
d i - S. [di] pr ef. beneath, under ← di-ngur uthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letter s/278, VT/45:37 ◈ The only known usage of this
wor d is as pr efix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitar y wor d di
e d - N. [ɛd] pr ef. for th, out ◇ Ety/356
e r - S., N. [ɛr ] pr ef. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19
g a l - N. [gɑl] pr ef. light ← galvor n, etc.
g o - N. [gɔ] pr ef. together ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367
g w a - S., N. [gwɑ] pr ef. Ar ch. together (only in old compounds, the living for m is go-) ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367
n e d h - N. [nɛð] pr ef. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the pr eposition n e d , and the noun e n e d for a discussion of this
for m
 o r - N. [ɔr ] pr ef. above, over ◇ Ety/379
o s - N. [ɔs] pr ef. about, ar ound ◇ Ety/379
p e r - N. [pɛr ] pr ef. half, divided in middle
t h a r - S., N. [θɑr ] pr ef. acr oss, athwar t, over , beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
t r e - N. [tr ɛ] (t r i N.) pr ef. thr ough (but denoting completeness when pr efixed to ver bs, cf. English idioms like "talk something
thr ough") ◇ Ety/392
ú S. [ˈuː] pr ef. no, not (negative pr efix or par ticle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)
*u i - S. [uj] pr ef. ever ← uidafnen, uilos (see these wor ds) ◇ Cognate of the quenya oi

2. mutation

Pr ototype: mutation
Selection axis: //entr y[descendant::itype[@type='sm' or @type='nm' or @type='mm']]

2.1. soft

Template: soft
Expansion patter n: //entr y[descendant::itype[@type='sm' or @type='nm' or @type='mm'] = 'soft mut.']

b a r a n S. soft mut. of p a r a n ← Dol Bar an RC/433

b ê d S. soft mut. of p ê d
b e n S. soft mut. of p e n
b e n S. soft mut. of p e n
b e t h S. soft mut. of p e t h
b î n S. soft mut. of p î n ← Cûl Bîn RC/536
c h a e r e d S. soft mut. of h a e r e d
c h e b i n S. soft mut. of h e b i n
c h e r d i r S. soft mut. of h e r d i r
d e n S. soft mut. of t e n
d i S. soft mut. of t i
d î n S. soft mut. of t î n
d î n S. soft mut. of t î n ◇ RC/551
d í n e n S. soft mut. of t í n e n ◇ RC/551
d i r i e l S. soft mut. of t i r i e l
d í r i e l S. soft mut. of t í r i e l
d o l o t h e n S. soft mut. of t o l o t h e n
d r a n n S. soft mut. of t r a n n
d r a n n a i l S. soft mut. of t r a n n a i l
g e r i r S. soft mut. of c e r i r
h a b a r S. soft mut. of s a b a r
h a r n S. soft mut. of s a r n ← Edhelhar n SD/129-131
h i S. soft mut. of s i
h i n S. soft mut. pl. of s e n
h i r i o n S. soft mut. of s i r i o n ← Nanduhir ion LotR
*m b a s S. soft mut. of b a s s ← imbas VT/44:21,27-8
m h e l l y n S. soft mut. pl. of m e l l o n
v e d u i S. soft mut. of m e d u i
v e l e g S. soft mut. of b e l e g ← Cûl Veleg RC/536
*v e n n i a t h N. soft mut. of m e n n i a t h ← Mor nvenniath TI/124
v í n S. soft mut. of m í n
v î r S. soft mut. of m î r

2.2. nasal

Template: nasal
Expansion patter n: //entr y[descendant::itype[@type='sm' or @type='nm' or @type='mm'] = 'nasal mut.']

c h î n S. nasal mut. pl. of h ê n

m b a i r S. nasal mut. pl. of b a r
m b a r S. nasal mut. of b a r
n g a u r h o t h S. nasal mut. of g a u r h o t h
n g u r u t h o s S. nasal mut. of g u r u t h o s
p h a i n S. nasal mut. pl. of p â n
p h e r i a i n S. nasal mut. pl. of p e r i a n
p h e r i a n n a t h S. nasal mut. coll. of p e r i a n n a t h
t h i w S. nasal mut. pl. of t ê w ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ The mutated for m of tîw on the Door s of Dur in is thiw instead of the expected
thîw. See s e n for a discussion of this for m
t h î w S. nasal mut. pl. of t ê w ◇ Letter s/347 ⇒ Cf. t h i w

2.3. other
Template: other
Expansion patter n: //entr y[descendant::itype[@type='sm' or @type='nm' or @type='mm'] = 'mut.']

r a c h S. mut. of r h a c h ← e-'Rach MR/373

*t h o n i e l S. [θˈɔni.ɛl̡
] mut. of t o n i e l ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74