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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

OPERATIONS

&

TRAINING MANUAL

110kV SUBSTATION

OTTAPALAM
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

PREFACE

The following manual aims at providing the reader a brief introduction on the Substation set up
and motivate him/her to learn/explore more and thus acquire a thorough understanding on the
equipments and protection schemes. Thanks to all those who have co-operated in this venture.

Rakesh Prasannan
Asst. Engineer
110kV Substation
Ottapalam.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Sl No. CONTENTS Page No.

PART-I 4
TECHNICAL DETAILS

1 Overview 5

2 Equipments Summary 7

3 Protective Relaying and Panels 11

4 DC System 19

5 Miscellaneous 20

PART-II 23
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
1 Instructions 24

2 Permit works 26

3 Battery and Battery Charger 32

4 Trippings and Failures 33

5 Why do we have a checklist 36

6 Golden Rules 37

7 APPENDIX 39

• Single Line Diagram

• Water Supply
• Station Auxiliary Transformer
• Communication
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

PART-I

TECHNICAL DETAILS
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

OVERVIEW

110 kV Substation, Ottapalam was commissioned on 1989. Located on Shoranur-

Palakkad road, about 4 kms from Ottapalam it is housed in an area of about 3.45 acres
comprising of Control room, Yard and Staff quarters.

The yard accommodates 8 bays out of which 2 for incoming 110 kV lines namely SHOT
and OTVN, 4 for outgoing 110 kV feeders – OTVD, OTPY, OTCR-1 and OTCR-2 and 1 each
for 2 110/11 kV Transformers. The station capacity is 22.5 MVA through two 110/11kV
transformers of rating 12.5 and 10 MVA respectively thereby feeding 5 11 kV lines namely
Lakkidi, Ambalappara, Railway, Nellikurissy and Ottapalam Town. The earthing type provided
is plate earthing.

The fault MVA of 110kV bus at the station as on 15-02-2010 is 2607 MVA, 13.7 kA/1sec and
the earth resistance as on 16-03-2012 is 0.27Ω.

➢ 110 kV Feeders

Normally, 110 kV Substation, Ottapalam avails supply from 220 kV Substation, Shoranur
via 110 kV SHOT feeder and extends the same via 110 kV OTVN feeder upto 110 kV
Substation, Vennakara where the line isolator of the feeder is kept open. Thus, Vennakara
normally fed by 220 kV Substation, Kanjikode has the option of availing supply from Shoranur
via Ottapalam (and Parali i.e. load shared via OTVN and PRVN) and in case of a
failure/maintenance at Shoranur, Ottapalam can avail supply from Kanjikode via Vennakara.

As far as outgoing feeders are concerned, 110 kV OTVD and OTPY lines provide supply
to Vadakkumcherry and Pazhayannur substations respectively. An interconnecting 110 kV
PYVD line connects the two substations thereby providing a provision for Vadakkumcherry
substation to avail supply via OTPY through PYVD in case of any failure/maintenance on
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

OTVD feeder and vice versa. 110 kV OTCR-1 and OTCR-2 feeders provide supply to
Cherpulassery substation.

Pathiripala Parali

Line charging (open at Parali)

Shoranur OTTAPALAM Vennakara Kanjikode

Line charging (open at VNKA)

Pazhayannur Vadakkumcherry Cherpulassery

Line charging (open at VDKY)

➢ 11 kV Feeders

Normally, 11 kV Lakkidi, Ambalappara and Railway feeders are fed through 12.5 MVA
Transformer-1 and 11 kV Ottapalam Town and Nellikurissy feeders are fed through 10 MVA
Transformer-2. 11 kV Station Auxiliary is also fed via Transformer-2.

Sections normally working on various feeders are

Feeder Sections

Lakkidi Ottapalam, Pathiripala

Ambalappara Ottapalam, Ambalappara
Railway Ottapalam
Nellikurissy Ottapalam
Ottapalam Town Ottapalam
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Options of back-feeding

• Lakkidi – Pathiripala Town (fed by 110 kV Substation, Pathiripala)

• Ambalappara – Nellikurissy

• Railway – Ottapalam Town, Railway – Vaniyamkulam(fed by 220kV Substation, Shoranur)

EQUIPMENTS SUMMARY

Substation

The basic requisite of a Substation is to transform voltage from high to low or reverse according
to requirement; switch ON/OFF lines on requisition from authorized personnel for maintenance work.
Another most important function of Substation is protection whereby a faulty portion/line can be isolated
and thus prevent the fault from affecting other lines/feeders i.e. spreading of fault can be avoided.
Transmission is done at high voltages so as to reduce the current (power being constant) and thus reduce
I2R loss.

Power Transformers

Transformers are devices which transform electrical energy from one circuit to another through
conductors which are not electrically coupled instead are inductively coupled via magnetic core. It
basically works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction which states that an EMF is setup in a coil
whenever the magnetic flux through the coil changes i.e. a time-varying current in the primary winding
creates a varying magnetic flux in the core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary
winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force in the secondary winding.

Efficiency of transformers is very high (around 95 – 99 percent) resulting from the fact that the
transformer is a static device with no moving parts. Therefore there is no mechanical friction loss, the
only losses being iron losses due to eddy currents and hysteresis in the magnetic core and copper loss (I2R
loss) in the windings which are comparatively low in value.

Insulation – Paper (Kraft paper, Press board, Manila paper, etc) together with oil perform the vital
function of insulation. Paper and oil (when dry) offers excellent dielectric strength. Oil also has an
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

impregnating action on paper insulation. However, even a small quantity of moisture adversely affects the
insulation property of oil as the dielectric strength reduces.

Breather – Silica gel filled in a container and a filter cup filled with transformer oil together forms the
Dehydrating filter breather. Whenever the temperature of transformer oil varies either due to variations in
transformer loading or surrounding air temperature, there will be change in oil level in the conservator
causing transformer to perform breathing action. Dust will be filtered when air passes through oil cup and
moisture will be absorbed by silica gel thus allowing only dry air to go into transformer. Oil cup performs
an additional function of preventing the silica gel from coming into contact with the atmospheric air when
the transformer is not performing breathing action.

OLTC (On Load Tap Changer) – It allows to vary output voltage of a transformer without interrupting
the supply, either to correct fluctuations in incoming supply or to compensate for voltage drop in outgoing
lines. The operation can be done remotely via motor or locally via lever.

Cooling – Transformer oil serves the purpose of heat transfer and thereby cooling the transformer. Also,
air forced cooling is actuated if the temperature rises above a particular value.

Name of Capacity Current Current % Safe

Sl No. Cooling Load
Transformer (MVA) (HV) (LV) Impedance
110/11kV ONAN/
1 10/12.5 52.5/65.7 525/657 9.84 500
Transformer-1 ONAF

110/11kV
2 10 52.5 525 9.35 ONAN 400
Transformer-2
Note:- Vector group for both the transformers is YNyn0.

Surge Arrester (Lightning Arrester)

Surge Arresters perform the vital function of diverting the over voltages to earth and thus
protecting substation equipments. It offers low resistance to lightning/switching over voltages and divert
the surge to ground. However, it offers high resistance to power-frequency voltages and behaves like an
insulator. Even though a great number of arresters made of SiC are still in use, the arresters installed
today are almost all gapless metal-oxide (ZnO) arresters.

MCOV – Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage is the maximum designated rms value of power-
frequency voltage that may be continuously applied between the terminals of the arrester.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Rated Voltage – Maximum permissible rms value of power-frequency voltage between arrester terminals
at which it is designed to operate correctly under temporary over voltage (switching/fault,etc) conditions.
Normally the manufacturer specifies whether it can be applied for a duration of 10s, 100s, etc.

Leakage current – Current which flows through the arrester at continuously applied power-frequency
voltages. At alternating voltage, it consists of a strongly capacitive and a considerably smaller resistive
component, both of which depend on the MO resistors used.

Circuit Breaker

Circuit breakers are automatic switches that can interrupt fault currents i.e. suitable for on-load
operation. It can be used during normal conditions for switch ON/OFF the lines for maintenance and
works as per the relays and tripping circuits during fault conditions. It basically consists of an operating
mechanism (spring, pneumatic, etc) which separates the fixed and moving contacts and an arc quenching
medium (oil, air, SF6, etc) which extinguishes the arc caused by the separation.

Fault Clearing Time – Relay time (Instant of fault to Trip circuit closure) + Circuit Breaker time
(Opening/Closing + Arcing)

Rated Normal Current – rms value of current that the CB can carry continuously with temperature rise
within limits

Rated Short Circuit-Breaking Current – highest rms value of short circuit current that the CB is
capable of breaking under specified transient conditions

Name of Arc quenching Operating Pressure

Sl. No
feeder medium mechanism (bar)

1 SHOT SF6 Spring 6.5

2 OTVN SF6 Spring 6.5
3 OTVD SF6 Spring 6.5
4 OTPY SF6 Spring 6.5
6.5, 20.5
5 OTCR-1 SF6 Pneumatic (air)
6.5, 20.5
6 OTCR-2 SF6 Pneumatic (air)
Transformer 6.5, 20.5
7 -1&2 SF6 Pneumatic (air)
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

8 11 kV Vacuum Spring

6.5 - SF6 pressure.

Tolerances as specified by the manufacturers are allowable.

Instrument Transformers

Current Transformer (CT) and Potential Transformer (PT) collectively are known as Instrument
Transformers and perform the function of transforming the current/voltage to adequate range so that the
measurement and protection can be done via meters and relays respectively. Multiple cores are available
and are used for designated purpose.

• PS (Special Protection) core is used for main protection – Distance protection for 110 kV feeders
and REF, Differential protection for Transformers.

• 5P core used for backup protection – Over current & E/F

• Class 0.5/1.0 – for metering

(Check accuracy class, composite error and accuracy limit factor)

Line/Bus Isolator and Earth Switch

These are switches which provide us with visual isolation and should be used only on no-load
conditions. The line isolator isolates a line and the substation whereas a bus isolate isolates the
equipments and line from the bus. Line isolator usually comes in combination with an earth switch which
is used for discharging the voltages on the line to earth.

Line
Sl. Name of CT Normal
length Year of Conductor
No feeder Ratio Load
(km) commissioning
1 SHOT 13.6 Wolf 600/1 120-230
2 OTVN 28.6 09/1987 Wolf 400/1 5.78
3 OTVD 27.0 Wolf 150/1 50-100
4 OTPY 11.2 1998 Wolf 200/1 15-40
5 OTCR-1 18.95 07/2004 Wolf 300/1 15-40
6 OTCR-2 18.95 07/2004 Wolf 300/1 15-40
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Note: - AAAC conductor is used for the 1.172 km b/w location 67 to 73 for OTCR feeders

Safe load for Incoming SHOT line is 280 A (based on conductor type and Incoming at Shoranur)

PROTECTIVE RELAYING AND PANELS

The Control and Relay panels (C&R panels) are the units consisting of essential relays for
protection and modules required for controlling and remote operation of breakers.

110 kV Feeders

✓ Distance Protection Relay, ANSI device number 21, is the main protection type used for EHT
feeders. The relay works by measuring the Voltage/Current ratio assuming a constant fault
resistance and operates whenever there is imbalance in the calculated impedance. It generally
operates based on zones and sufficient time grading is provided for operation in different zones.

✓ Over current and Earth fault is the backup protection relay employed. In case the distance relay
fails to operate, the backup relay will provide the required protection to the feeder however, with
increased time grading.

Outline of relays are provided in the 110kV feeder C & R panel:

Protection provided
Name of
Sl. No Make Main
feeder
(Distance) Backup
Easun (DCD634B)
THR3PE1
1 SHOT Reyrolle Dir. IDMTL
Static
2 O/C & E/F
Easun (DCD634B)
Reyrolle THR3PE1
2 OTVN Dir. IDMTL
Static
2 O/C & E/F
Easun SEL311C (2TJM12)
3 OTVD Reyrolle Numerical 2 O/C, 1 E/F
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Easun SEL311C (2TJM12)

4 OTPY Reyrolle Numerical 2 O/C, 1 E/F
Easun (DCD634B)
THR3PE1
5 OTCR-1 Reyrolle Dir. IDMTL
Static
2 O/C & E/F
Easun (DCD634B)
THR3PE1
6 OTCR-2 Reyrolle Dir. IDMTL
Static
2 O/C & E/F

Panel type A –1 SHOT, 1OTVN, 1OTCR-1 and 1 OTCR-2

Panel type B –1OTVD,& 1OTPY

1. Master Tripping relay (86) – (Panel type A - B24H2, type B – TR221)

2. Distance relay (21)
• For THR3PE1 type, reset and read buttons to be pressed together for resetting the relay

• In SEL311C type, SOTF (Switch On To Fault) indication gives clue that a fault is present
in the line.

3. Directional 2 O/C + E/F relay (67RNB)

4. Local Breaker Back up relay (96) – TR221 (only for Panel type B)
5. Auto Reclose relay (79) - (Panel type A - MGAA, type B – SWITRON)
6. Check Synchronizing relay (25) – TC32 (only for Panel type A)
7. Dead line charging relay (27) – TEB2/B11/B68 (only for Panel type A)
8. Trip supervision relay – Panel type B - XR351
9. Carrier healthy relay – Panel type B - AR121
10. Voltage Selection relay (75) – (Panel type A - B11X4/B34, type B - TR231)

ANNUNCIATOR

SF6 low – Alarm that SF6 pressure needs to be checked.

Breaker Lock out

Trip Circuit Faulty – can be due to inadequate SF6 or due to some fault in trip circuit.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

PT Fuse fail – Failure in one phase gives an alarm whereas failure in two phases (which is unlikely) will
result in a trip pulse.

110/11 kV Transformers
Main protection

REF: (Restricted Earth Fault)

REF protection is enabled for primary as well as secondary side. The relay basically
compares the vector sum of three phase currents (derived from primary CT) and the neutral current
(derived from neutral CT connected at the star point). This is a fast operating relay and senses the faults in
the range of 20mA. The protected zone of REF relay is the portion between primary CT and primary
neutral CT in the case of primary REF and secondary CT and secondary neutral CT in the case of
secondary REF. This system will remain stable for all faults outside the system. Operation of
primary/secondary REF will trip both side of transformer. It is not advisable to use matching CTs in REF
protection scheme. Hence proper primary and secondary CTs without mismatch are to be used.

Note: - Though REF relay is placed in Transformer-2, the protection scheme is not enabled due to non-
availability of CTs with proper cores. CTs with PS core need to be installed and the protection is to be set
up so that safe working of the transformer can be ensured.

Differential protection:

The protection works by monitoring the phasor difference of two or more similar quantities.
Almost any type of relay when connected in a certain way can be made to operate as differential relay.
Differential relay can be used to cover the entire transformer protection as the high efficiency of
transformer operation and close equivalence of ampere-turns balance on both secondary and primary
windings. The rated currents of primary and secondary windings differ in inverse ratio to the
corresponding voltages. Therefore current transformers should have their primary rating to match the
rated currents of the transformer windings to which they are applied.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Most differential relays are of “the current differential type”. The current operated differential
relay is likely to operate inaccurately for heavy through (i.e external) faults since supposedly identical
current transformers may not have identical secondary currents due to constructional errors or under
severe through fault conditions C.T may saturate and cause unequal secondary currents and the difference
of secondary currents may approach the pickup value of the relay. This disadvantage is overcome in the
percentage differential type relay.

Note:- The type DIX relay used in Transformer-2 is susceptible to false tripping due to large inrush
currents on energization (eg:- during change over) of the power transformer, and also during over fluxing
conditions.

Other Protections

Buchholz:

An internal arc due to any fault inside the transformer will cause oil decomposition, the three-
fourth of the product of which will be Hydrogen. Hydrogen, being lighter rises upwards and tries to go
into the conservator. The gas gets collected in the upper portion of the Buchholz relay which is fitted in
the pipe leading to the conservator. The oil level in the relay drops down causing the float in the oil in the
relay to close the alarm/trip (based on fault intensity) circuit.

Note: - Only faults below oil level are detected.

Setting the mercury switch for the alarm/trip circuit cannot be too sensitive or else false operation can
occur in case of mechanical vibrations.

O/C & E/F relay:

Only act as back up protection for the downstream side breakers i.e. this relay is intended for
operation only if the downstream side relay or circuit breaker fails to operate. This relay is not meant for
protecting the transformer from any kind of internal faults.

Outline of relays provided in the 110/11 kV Transformer C & R panel:

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Name of Protection provided

Sl. No Make
Transformer REF Differential Backup
IDMTL
12.5 MVA
1 BBC CAG14 DDT32 O/C, E/F
110/11kV
ICM21N
IDMTL
10 MVA
2 BBC CAG14 DIX 109 O/C, E/F
110/11kV
ICM21N

Auxiliaries
• Buchholz Relay
• Thermal overload relay – 49 F (for each fan motor)
• Winding Temperature alarm and trip via Mercury switch (using cubical expansion of liquid when
heated)
• Oil Temperature alarm and trip via Mercury switch (using cubical expansion of liquid when
heated)
• Magnetic Oil Level Indicator with Low Oil level alarm switch

11 kV Feeders

The protection scheme used in 11 kV Feeder is given below.

Name of
Sl. No Relay CT Ratio
feeder
11 kV 2 O/C + E/F
1 200/5
feeders (CDG 33)
2 O/C + E/F
500/5,
2 Incomer-1 (CDG 33),
500/1
REF (CAG 14)
2 O/C + E/F
500/5,
3 Incomer-2 (CDG 33),
500/1
REF (CAG 14)

Color coding used in the panel

GREEN – Breaker OFF

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

RED – Breaker ON

AMBER – Auto Trip

WHITE – Trip Circuit Healthy

BLUE – Spring Charged

It is very important to have a thorough understanding of 11 kV panel arrangement including bus, VCB
truck, cable-end, etc.
CTs To PT

CTs

To Yard
AB

From
Transformer
Secondary

11kV Feeder Cable-end 11kV Incomer Cable-end

VCB
BUS-1 BUS-2
Bus Coupler

VCB VCB VCB VCB

Bus side Bus side Bus side Bus side

VCB VCB VCB VCB

Cable side Cable side Cable side Cable side
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

CT CT CT

PT

In case of Incomers, VCB cable side is the incoming side whereas in case of 11 kV feeders, VCB cable
To Yard
side is theAB of
outgoing Incomer-1
side. VCB i.e.
busfrom
side 110/11 kV
is the outgoing Incomer-2
side i.e. from
for Incomers 110/11
and kV side
incoming To for
Yard
11AB
kV of
11 kV Feeder Transformer-1 Secondary Transformer-2 Secondary 11 kV Feeder
feeders respectively.

7
1

3
8

5
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

1 – Lever to shift the VCB Truck to Locked/Free state

2 – For Manual Spring charging

3 – Shows ON/OFF status of VCB mechanically.

4 – Mechanical CLOSE. (Can be used if electrical close circuit fails)

5 – Mechanical TRIP. (Can be used if electrical trip circuit fails)

6 – Cable side contacts of VCB.

7 - Bus side contacts of VCB.

8 – Auxiliary contacts for indications such as Breaker status, spring charge status, motor for spring
charging, etc.

The vacuum bottles are below the spouts/contacts displayed.

Out of the 6 spouts, 3 correspond to the 3 phases of bus-side and 3 correspond to the 3 phases of the
cable-side.

➢ Spring charging can be done automatically via motor and manually via lever. Charging should
only be done while the status of VCB Truck is in LOCKED mode or else it can lead to
mechanical jam of the operating mechanism.

➢ Rack-up and Rack-down of VCB truck should be done only while the status of the Truck is in
FREE mode.

➢ While inserting the truck into the panel after maintenance/replacement, make sure that the truck is
in SERVICE position.

➢ In case the VCB does not close/open on giving closing/tripping pulse, use the mechanical
switches to CLOSE/OPEN the VCB.

➢ XLPE (Cross Linked Poly Ethylene) cables are used for 11kV, the cross section being 3 x 300
mm2 for 11kV feeders and 1 x 500 mm2 for 11kV Incomers.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

DC SYSTEM

Uninterrupted power supply is required for operation of circuit breakers and relays. Hence DC
systems, being the most reliable form are installed in substations to supply power for control, protection,
alarms, communications, and other critical auxiliary circuits where maximum reliability of supply is
essential. AC supplies can be unreliable, whether it is obtained from the local supply or from on-
site alternator sets. In the event of AC supply failure, DC electricity stored in batteries with
sufficient capacity can be used to provide enough power until the AC supply becomes available
again. Thus DC system forms the heart of any Substation. Different DC voltages are used within
substations depending upon equipment requirements. Common voltages are 50, 110, 200 and
400. The storage batteries may be of a few main types: lead-acid, alkaline, and nickel-cadmium;
each type with its own characteristics. VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) battery (55 * 2V,
100Ah) is used at 110kV Substation, Ottapalam and the battery charger used is 110V, 15A type.

MISCELLANEOUS

Ferrules

A – CT secondary for Main Protection (e.g.: - Distance Protection for EHT feeders, REF/Differential for
Transformers)

B – CT secondary for Bus bar Protection

C – CT secondary for Backup Protection (e.g.: - O/C, E/F Protection)

D – CT secondary for Metering

E – PT secondary

H – AC supply

J – DC Supply
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

K – Controls e.g.:- tripping, closing, etc

L – Indication circuits

ACSR Conductors

Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced consists of Aluminium strands for carrying current and
steel strands for tensile strength. The current carrying will be predominantly in the outer surface
courtesy skin effect.

Moose – Current carrying capacity of around 1000A at 45°C and are normally used in 400kV
lines. Aluminium strands – 54 in number and Steel strands – 7 in number

Kundah – Not an international standard but designed for use in Indian terrain and derived from
the Antelope conductor. Current carrying capacity is around 720A at 45°C and is normally used
in 220kV lines. Aluminium strands – 42 in number and Steel strands – 7 in number

Wolf – Current carrying capacity is around 340A at 45°C and is normally used in 110kV lines.
Aluminium strands – 30 in number and Steel strands – 7 in number

Dog – Current carrying capacity is around 250A at 45°C and is normally used in 66kV & 33kV
lines. Aluminium strands – 6 in number and Steel strands – 7 in number

Racoon – Current carrying capacity is around 195A at 45°C and is normally used in 11kV lines.
Aluminium strands – 6 in number and Steel strands – 1 in number

Note: - Cross-section of strands is different for different conductors.

Necessary Instruments

Multimeter, Clamp meter – for basic measurements

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Insulation tester – Required for checking insulation values and thereby quality of equipments, in
case of faults panels, cables, transformers, etc.

Earth Tester – Earth resistance of the Substation is to be measured every 3 months.

Crimping Tool – For crimping/jointing conductors to clamps, jumper cones, etc.

Thermal Imaging Camera – Very helpful to find hotspots which will give an idea on loose bolts,
joints, etc

BDV kit – To find the Dielectric breakdown strength of Oil.

More Info

Grading Ring of LA – The upper, high-voltage end of the surge arrester would be stressed considerably
more than those at the earthed end. To reduce this, grading rings are provided on top to control the
voltage distribution from top to bottom.

Arcing horn serves the purpose of providing a parallel path during a flash-over and thereby preventing
the disc insulators of equipments/bus.

Tension Clamp – Jumper Cone combination where the conductors are compressed on to the clamp/cone
is a better way of joining conductors rather than using T-clamps or PG (parallel groove) clamps.

BDV – It measures the dielectric breakdown strength of transformer oil and can be defined as the voltage
at which breakdown occurs between two electrodes when oil is subjected to an electric field under
prescribed conditions (gap b/w electrodes = 2.5 mm).

PI (Polarisation Index) – is the ratio of Insulation Resistance at 60 seconds to Insulation Resistance at 15

seconds.

Tan-delta – It is the ratio of the Resistive current (in-phase with voltage) to the capacitive current i.e.
tangent of the angle between resultant current and capacitve component of resultant current. History of
Tan-delta values is recorded and current value is compared with the previous value to check for any
degradation.

IC
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

IR V

Insulation failure is the primary cause of unexpected breakdowns. Insulations are subjected to stresses
like thermal, environment, etc and hence need to be monitored periodically. PI and Tan-delta parameters
give a clue about the status of the insulations and thus can be used to check the quality of equipments.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

INSTRUCTIONS

General Instructions

1. Operator should be in complete charge of the station during shift duty. Nobody should be
allowed to enter the yard without the permission of the operator on duty
2. Carry out operations as per standing instructions.
3. Ensure the correctness of operations carried out by the shift assistant.
4. Issue and cancel permit to work on equipments and lines as per rules.
5. While giving permits/ICs, the operator should record the Name of feeder, date, time, IC/PW no,
name and designation of the receiver and issuer with signature, isolator and earthing status. In case
the permit/IC is given over phone, (eg:- Sub engineers (of concerned sections) or above in case of
11kV feeders or LMS AE or above in case of 110kV feeders) get the receiving end code and record
the sending end code.
While canceling permits/ICs, all the details provided above should be cross checked.

6. Maintain Operator's Diary and log sheet in chronological order during the shift. The records
should be comprehensive recording the relay indications, alarms, nature of faults, etc.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

7. Keep strict watch over the performance of plants and equipments in the station such as
Transformer, CT, PT, CB, etc. Abnormalities, if any should be reported to the Station Engineer.
8. Maintain proper records and assist the Station Engineer in maintenance works.
9. Attend telephone calls by saying Good Morning, Good Afternoon, Good Evening or
'Namaskaram' followed by the name of the Substation. Attend calls patiently, politely and be brief to
the minimum possible extent.

Daily checks

1. Check the control DC healthy and trip circuit healthy in all control panels and annunciator
windows and report any defect to Station Engineer.
2. Draining condensate in compressors should be done every day morning.
3. Earth pit should be regularly watered so as to maintain low earth resistance.

4. Inspect the entire yard while taking charge and handing over charge and check if there are any
abnormalities.
5. Make sure that the basic necessities like communication medium (FCT & Landline), Torch,
Fire fighting equipments, etc are working fine.
6. Maintain registers such as Peak Load, Interruption, Tripping, etc properly.
7. Check if the cooling fans of the Transformer are up and running once the temperature rises to
60°C. This is vitally important during peak hours and when the atmospheric temperature is high (eg:
- in summer season).
8. If any accidents in the line are reported by the public over phone, SWITCH OFF the concerned
feeder, note down the name and contact number of the informer and inform the concerned section
office.
9. Whenever an 11 kV feeder trips, test charge the feeder after 3 minutes. If it trips again, test
charge the feeder after 5 minutes. If it trips again, declare the feeder as FAULTY and inform the
concerned Section Office.
10. Every day during peak hour (at about 7:30 pm) switch off all yard lights and inspect all yard
equipments for any glow or hot spots. Inform station engineer immediately if anything is noticed.

Points to remember before operations

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

1. Hard hats are a must before entering the yard.

2. Open/Close the Isolator only if breaker is in OFF condition.
3. All safety precautions such as wearing hard hats, hand gloves for opening/closing the isolator
should be taken.
4. Earth switches should not be engaged on lines without getting NBCs from substations or
distribution people concerned.
5. For any work on Line Isolator or Lightning Arrester, NBC with earthing should be obtained
from the other end of the line and earthing should be done at our end.

PERMIT WORKS
Issue of permit work on 110/11 kV Transformer

Permit work on transformer is normally issued to Station Engineer for maintenance work. The
operator should ensure that the total 11 kV load is within the safe loading limit of the other
transformer.

1. Switch on the Bus Coupler on 11 kV side after ensuring that both transformers are on same tap.
2. Switch off the 11 kV Incomer of the concerned transformer.
3. Switch off the CB of the transformer.
4. Rack down the VCB of the Incomer.
5. Open the Bus isolator of the transformer.
6. Provide local earthing on HV and LV sides.
7. Display warning boards on panels/isolators and isolate the bay using ribbons.
8. Issue Permit Work.
Canceling the permit on 110/11kV transformer

1. Cancel the permit work.

2. Ensure that no tools and materials are left over the transformer.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

3. Remove ribbons, warning boards and local earthing.

4. Close the Bus Isolator.
5. Rack up the VCB of the Incomer.
6. Switch On the CB of Transformer.
7. Switch On the Incomer.
8. Switch Off the Bus Coupler.

Issuing Permit work on 110kV Bus

110kV Bus permit is required only for total shutdown maintenance work or if there is any
maintenance work on Bus Isolator or conductor connecting Bus and the Bus Isolator. Prior sanction
should be obtained for availing total shutdown and the public shall be intimated well in advance
about the shutdown via news papers.

1. Inform all O/Ds of other Substations about the PW.

2. Switch off the 11kV VCB of Incomer I & II.
3. Switch off CB of Transformer-1&2.
4. Switch off CB of all 110kV feeders.
5. Open the Bus isolators of 110kV feeders and Transformers.
6. Open the Line isolators of all 110kV feeders.
7. Display warning boards on the panels/isolators and use ribbons to isolate the area under
maintenance.
8. Issue Permit Work on Bus.

Issue of Permit work on 110kV Feeders

Permit on 110kV SHOT feeder

1. Inform O/D 220 kV Substation Shoranur regarding the permit work and check with O/D 110kV
Substation Vennakara if it is possible for them to provide supply to Ottapalam.
2. On confirmation from O/D Vennakara, switch off CB of 110kV OTVN feeder at Ottappalam
end
3. Open Line Isolator of 110kV OTVN feeder.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

4. Give P/M to O/D Vennakara to charge the feeder from Vennakara till Ottapalam end. Also state
that OTVN feeder is switched off and isolated at Ottapalam end.
5. Inform feeding stations and section offices regarding interruption due to supply change over.
6. After confirmation from O/D Vennakara that OTVN feeder is charged till Ottapalam end,
switch off 110kV SHOT feeder.
7. Switch off all 11kV feeders.
8. Open the Line Isolator of SHOT feeder.
9. Close the Line isolator of OTVN feeder.
10. Switch on OTVN feeder.
11. Charge all 11kV feeders.
12. Open the Bus isolator of SHOT feeder.
13. Display warning boards on the panels/isolators and use ribbons to isolate the area under
maintenance.
14. Issue Permit work on SHOT feeder.

Note: - For change over of supply (not for a permit work) from SHOT to OTVN, follow steps 1 to
11 i.e. Bus isolator need not be opened.

For change over of supply (not for a permit work) from OTVN to SHOT,

1. Check with O/D Shoranur if it is possible to provide supply to Ottapalam. Inform O/D
Vennakara, all feeding substations and section offices regarding the changeover.
2. On confirmation from O/D Shoranur, switch off SHOT feeder if not already switched off.
3. Open the Line isolator of SHOT feeder.
4. Give P/M to O/D Shoranur to charge the SHOT line till Ottapalam end.
5. On confirmation from O/D Shoranur, switch off OTVN feeder.
6. Switch off all 11kV feeders.
7. Open the Line isolator of OTVN feeder.
8. Close the Line isolator of SHOT feeder.
9. Switch on SHOT feeder.
10. Switch on all 11kV feeders.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Permit on 110kV OTVN feeder

1. Inform O/D 110 kV Substation Vennakara regarding the permit work and check if the line
isolator of OTVN feeder is open at their end (as in normal condition).
2. Switch off 110kV OTVN feeder at Ottappalam end.
3. Open Line Isolator of 110kV OTVN feeder.
4. Open the Bus Isolator of OTVN feeder.
5. Display warning boards on the panels/isolators and use ribbons to isolate the area under
maintenance.
6. Issue Permit work on OTVN feeder.
Note: - O/D should make sure that LD, Kalamassery is informed whenever there is a changeover.

Permit on 110kV OTPY feeder

1. Instruct O/D 110kV Substation Pazhayannur to avail supply via 110kV PYVD feeder.
2. On confirmation from O/D Pazhayannur regarding supply change over, switch off CB of OTPY
feeder at Ottappalam end and request O/D Pazhayannur to switch off CB at Pazhayannur end.

3. Open Line Isolator and Bus Isolator of 110kV OTPY feeder.

4. Display warning boards on the panels/isolators and use ribbons to isolate the area under
maintenance.
5. Issue Permit to Work.

Note :- Before opening the Line isolator at Ottapalam end, OTPY feeder is switched off at
Pazhayannur end in addition to switch off at Ottapalam end so as to avoid arcing due to line charging
(via OTVD – PYVD – OTPY) while opening the Line Isolator.\

Permit on 110kV OTVD feeder

Procedure is same as in case of OTPY feeder, only change being feeders and substations are
different.

Permit on 110kV OTCR-1 feeder

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

1. Inform O/D 110kV Cherpulassery Substation regarding the Permit Work.

2. Switch off CB of 110kV OTCR-1 feeder at Ottapalam end and ask O/D Cherpulassery
Substation to switch off CB of the same feeder at their end.
3. On confirmation from O/D Cherpulassery Substation regarding switch off, open the line
isolator and Bus Isolator of 110kV OTCR-1 feeder.
4. Display warning boards on the panels/isolators and use ribbons to isolate the area under
maintenance.
5. Issue Permit to Work.

Note: - Before opening the Line isolator at Ottapalam end, OTCR-1 feeder is switched off at
Cherpulassery end in addition to switch off at Ottapalam end so as to avoid arcing due to line
charging (OTCR-1 and OTCR-2 forms a ring) while opening the Line Isolator.

(Switch off from other end for opening the line isolator can be avoided if we are planning to keep the
line charged from other end till Ottapalam end in which case isolators can be opened after S/off at
Ottapalam)

Canceling permit on 110kV feeders

1. Cancel the permit work.

2. Ensure that no tools and materials are left over any of the equipments.
3. Remove ribbons, warning boards and local earthing.
4. Close the Bus Isolator and Line isolator.
5. Switch On the feeder.
Note: - In case of NBC, NBC with earthing is taken, follow the procedure mentioned below.

Issuing NBC, NBC with earthing

In case of any work on line isolator or lightning arrestor of the 110 kV line at other substations,
they may ask for NBC with earthing. In such cases, after obtaining a message stating that the feeder
has been switched off and isolated at their end, switch off the feeder at our end, open the line
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

isolator, provide earthing and issue NBC with earthing. If only NBC is asked, do not earth and
inform this fact to the operator at other end.

In case of work on line isolator or lightning arrestor of any 110kV line at our end, switch off and
isolate the line at our end and then obtain NBC with earthing from other end. On receiving NBC
with earthing, earth the line at our end and then issue permit work.

Canceling NBC, NBC with earthing

If NBC with earthing is taken, remove the earthing provided at our end and then give P/M to
O/D at other end stating that we are returning the NBC and hence they may remove the earthing
provided at their end.

Once the earthing, if any, is removed, NBC is returned and cancelled, isolators may be
closed and the feeders may be charged keeping in mind that the supply end should be charged first
and load end should be charged later.

Message format for requesting NBC – Please issue an NBC (with/without earthing) on _____ feeder.
The feeder remains switched off and isolated at our end.

Message format for returning NBC – I hereby return the NBC issued by you on ___ feeder. (If NBC
with earthing was taken)We have removed the earthing provided on ____ feeder at our end. Please
remove the earthing provided at your end and confirm.

Message format for issuing NBC – We have switched off, isolated and provided earthing (if
required) on ____ feeder and hence issue (with/without earthing) NBC on the same.

Issue of permit to Line Maintenance Section

LMS may ask for permit on a line to O/D at either of the Substations connecting the line. When
LMS requests for permit on a particular 110 kV line, switch off the line at both ends, isolate it at
both ends and provide earthing at both ends. Earthing should be done only after the line is
completely dead i.e. isolated at both ends.

Note: - Only Asst. Engineers and above will be allowed to take permit on 110 kV feeders.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Issue of Permit work on 11 kV bus

1. Switch off the 11kV VCB of Incomers I & II.

2. Switch off the 110kV side of Transformers I & II
3. Rack out the VCB truck of Incomers I & II.
4. Open the Bus isolators of Transformers I & II.
5. Switch off and rack down the VCB truck of all the outgoing feeders including station auxiliary.
6. Open the yard AB switches of all outgoing 11kV feeders.
7. Obtain NBC (by opening the first AB) from concerned section AEs.
8. Display warning boards on panels/isolators.
9. Issue permit to work.

Issue of Permit work on 11 kV feeders

1. Switch off the VCB and then isolate. I.e. Rack down the VCB. (Operator should physically
witness the operations done by the shift assistants)
2. Write down the name of feeder, permit number with time, date and earthing status of the line in
the permit book, get the code from the Receiver and issue code from Substation and then issue
permit.
3. Display warning boards on the feeder panel.
4. If more than one person takes permit on a single feeder, separate caution boards should be
displayed and the feeder should be charged only after all permits are returned.

Note: - In case of issuing permit work to Station Engineer for work on yard ABs or panel side cable
end of 11kV feeder panel, after performing the steps mentioning above, open the yard AB and obtain
NBC from concerned section office AE by opening the first AB.

Canceling permit on 11 kV feeders

1. Verify the codes (send and received), permit No., date, time, etc.
2. Rack up the VCB and charge the feeder.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Note: - Only Sub Engineers and above should be allowed to take permit on 11 kV feeders.

BATTERY AND BATTERY CHARGER

Take battery readings of 6 cells every day morning keeping 2 cells constant and changing the
other 4 cells. Before taking the reading, switch off the ac supply to the charger but DO NOT FORGET to
switch it on after taking the reading.

Take full set reading once in a month and record it in a separate book. For this, switch off the ac
supply to the charger, take all the readings and keep the ac supply off for 1 hour and again take the full set
reading after switching off the ac supply. DO NOT FORGET to switch on the ac supply after full set
reading is taken. Check the battery charger for any earth leakage.

TRIPPINGS AND FAILURES

110 kV Feeder Tripping

If any 110 kV feeder trips, contact the operator at other end of the feeder and inquire whether
there is any problem at their end and also ask them to inspect their yard. At the same time, inspect our
yard. Record all the indications and readings (Zone, phase, line, etc as well as the relay flags and
annunciator windows activated) and inform the same to Station Engineer and AEE.If nothing found
abnormal, test charge the feeder with a confirmation from S tation AE after a gap of 5 minutes. If it again
trips, declare the feeder FAULTY and inform LMS AE.

110 kV Incoming failure

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

In case of 110 kV supply failure from Shoranur Substation, contact the operator on duty (OD) at
Shoranur and follow his/her instructions. If supply cannot be availed from Shoranur, contact OD at
Vennakara Substation and avail supply at the earliest after switching off the 110 kV OTVN feeder,
opening the line isolator and giving message to Vennakara OD stating the above facts. In some cases,
especially during peak hours, sanction from LD, Kalamassery has to be obtained. The same steps may be
followed in case of failure of supply from Vennakara.

In both cases, the faulty portion i.e. either 110 kV SHOT or 110 kV OTVN should be isolated before
availing supply from the other source.

I.e. if 110 kV SHOT fails,

1. Check with O/D Vennakara if it is possible to provide supply to Ottapalam.

2. On confirmation from O/D Vennakara, switch off 110 kV OTVN feeder at Ottapalam end.
3. Open the Line Isolator of OTVN feeder.
4. Give P/M to O/D Vennakara to charge OTVN feeder from their end and state that the feeder is
switched off and isolated at our end.
5. On confirmation from O/D Vennakara on charging of OTVN feeder, switch off SHOT at
Ottapalam end.
6. Switch off all 11kV feeders.
7. Open the Line Isolator of SHOT feeder.

8. Close the Line Isolator of OTVN feeder.

9. Switch on OTVN feeder.
10. Charge all 11kV feeders.

Note: - If incoming feeder to the substation trips on any fault, switch off all 11 kV outgoing feeders.
They shall be charged one by one only after resuming the supply after checking with the feeding
station.

Transformer tripping

REF trip: -
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Test charge should not be done if the transformer in service trips on REF HV or LV. Inform the matter
to the Station Engineer and AEE. The transformer can be charged only after detailed checking in presence
of superior officers. In the mean time, Operator should search for any faults like cable failure, etc.

All the connections (power) to the transformer should be removed and IR readings should be
taken. If possible, cables are to be meggered.

Buchholz trip: -

If the transformer trips on Buchholz, inform the matter to Station Engineer and AEE. Do not charge.
Check for any low oil level in the conservator or for any oil leakage.

Note: - An alarm will come before the actuation of tripping. It may be caused by some internal faults
resulting in air bubbles accumulating inside the relay. If required, test the gas accumulated in the relay
and then release the air.

Over current and Earth Fault trip

Transformer can trip on O/C and E/F without any alarm previous to the fault. The operator on duty is
authorized to test charge the transformer after switching off the feeders connected to the transformer. If
possible, it can be fed from the other transformer after switching on the bus coupler.

Winding temperature and oil temperature

Normally an alarm will come before the transformer trips. Whenever an alarm comes, the operator
should physically inspect the concerned transformer for any excess temperature rise. If actual temperature
rise has initiated the alarm, necessary arrangements should be made to reduce the load on the transformer
if cooling fan is in service. If fan is not in service, first switch on the cooling fans, limit the load on the
transformer to a safe value.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

If the transformer trips on either of the temperature fault, allow the fans to run continuously and
switch on the transformer without any load. After some time switch on the loads one by one and monitor
the temperature rise properly and periodically.

Incomer Tripping

If Incomer trips along with a 11kV feeder showing the same relay readings, it may be because of a heavy
fault (eg: - when the fault is very near, etc) in the feeder or because of error in the time grading (which is
highly unlikely).

In such a case, the Operator may switch on the bus coupler so as to avoid interruption to other feeders fed
by the Incomer. Then inform the concerned section office about the heavy fault in the line and check if
there is any information from the public. Test charge Incomer after 3 minutes. If it stays fine, switch off
the Bus coupler. If there is no casualities reported from the section office, the 11kV feeder may be test
charged after 5 minutes after informing the section office.

If only Incomer trips, inform the Station Engineer and test charging should be done only after sufficient
verifications.

WHY DO WE HAVE A CHECKLIST?

Why check Leakage current of Surge Arrester

The leakage current should be in limit for proper operation of lightning arrester or else there is
chance of damage to other equipments or explosion of arresters during surges. Hence the operator should
definitely check the Leakage current indicator (shows Leakage current and surge counter) series
connected with the arrester in its earth connection. It should be in the safe zone (green).

Why check Pressure/Spring charge/ Trip circuit healthy indications

Adequate air/ SF6 pressure is required for proper tripping of 110 kV breakers. If sufficient
pressure is not available, the breaker enters a lockout state and the breaker might not trip even in case of a
fault causing damage to lines. Similarly in case of 11 kV VCB, the operator should check whether the
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

spring is charged for tripping/closing of the breaker. Any issue in connection with the breaker/trip circuit
can lead to an unhealthy trip circuit and failure of protection scheme.

Alarm level for low SF6 – 5.7 bar

Lock out level for SF6 – 5.5 bar

Operator should also check the pneumatic pressure and the working of air compressors. If the air pressure
goes below 18/18.5 bar, the pressure switch will actuate the compressor so as to maintain rated pressure
of 20.5 bar.

Why check oil levels of Transformers

Oil provides the necessary insulation for power transformers and instrument transformers. If adequate
oil is not available, insulation failure will occur leading to improper working and even flash over/ damage
to equipments and personnel. In case of power transformers, oil also serves the purpose of providing
cooling.

Why check for Fire extinguishers

In case of a fire/explosion, proper fire extinguishers should be available for extinguishing the fire
as early as possible to prevent further damage. CO2, Dry Powder and Foam type fire extinguishers are
available each of which can be used for different classes of fire viz. Class A, Class B, Class C, etc. Check
the label on the fire extinguisher so that proper type can be used for the proper class of fire.

Fire extinguishers available at 110kV Substation, Ottapalam

CO2 - 10 Nos

Dry Powder – 2 Nos

Foam type – 1 No

Fire type Fuel source Fire extinguisher

Class A Solid organic material Foam

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Class B Flammable liquid Dry Powder or CO2

Class C Flammable gas Dry Powder or CO2

Class D Combustible metals Dry Powder

Class E Electrical equipment Dry Powder or CO2

GOLDEN RULES

➢ First and foremost fact that an operator should make sure is that he/she ‘SHOULD NOT PANIC’
when you are faced with an abnormal situation or emergency. Once you panic, you will not be
able to take the right decision.
➢ Calm down yourself in case of an emergency.
➢ If any fault comes on any equipment, avoid operating the same and operate the equipment at its
upstream side. For eg: - if any problem noticed in incoming SHOT breaker or bay, SWITCH OFF
the supply from Shoranur.
➢ Learn, Discover and enjoy your work. Welcome to 110kV Substation, Ottapalam.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

APPENDIX
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

WATER SUPPLY

The main source of water supply at 110kV Substation, Ottapalam is an open well beside the yard,
the alternate source being a bore-well in the substation compound. 3HP and 2HP motors are used for
pumping water from open well and bore well respectively. The 3HP pump drives the water to an overhead
tank (beside the yard) of capacity 5000 litres whereas the 2HP pump drives water from the borewell to a
water tank of capacity 8000 litres. Water authority supply is also provided as an input to the ground tank.
A 1.5HP pump drives water from the ground tank to the overhead tank. Output is taken from the
overhead tank and fed for Substation use and for domestic use to the 11 Nos of quarters. Valves are
provided at the initial point of outlet at the overhead tank, input of the earth pit and input of the quarters’
water supply.
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

OH TANK
VALVE

EARTH PIT

SUBSTATION

QUARTERS

OPEN WELL
3 HP MOTOR

1.5HP
MOTOR

2 HP

MOTOR BORE WELL

GROUND TANK

WATER AUTHORITY

SUPPLY
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Station Auxiliary Transformer

The station supply required for 110kV Substation, Ottapalam is taken via 100kVA, 11kV/433V,
5.24/133.34A, 4.47%Z Station Auxiliary Transformer. The supply has been taken through UG
cables to the LT panel in the control roomfor

• Substation use viz. yard lighting, control room, water pumps, AC supply to the yard,
Battery charger, etc.

The auxiliary transformer output is also used for

• Domestic use for quarters

• Street light in the Substation premises

COMMUNICATION

The different modes of communication over phone available at 110kV Substation, Ottapalam

BSNL Landline - 0466-2244390

CUG (Closed User Group) - 9496010264

Carrier phone – 024 35

(Carrier is a form of communication using the power conductor as the medium but the frequency adopted
is different from power frequency so that the speech/data signals can be filtered from the power signals.)

Important Carrier Nos

Shoranur – 024 31 (Local, hence just dial 31)

Vennakara – 023 31

LD – 052 41

Madakathara – 022 31
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Kanjikode – 020 31

Important CUG

220kV Substation, Shoranur - 9496010253

110kV Substation, Vennakara - 9496010238

110kV Substation, Vadakkumcherry - 9496010218

110kV Substation, Cherpulassery - 9496010262

110kV Substation, Pazhayannur - 9496009895

Transmission Division, Shoranur - 9496010250

EE, Transmission Division, Shoranur - 9446008380

AEE, Substation Subdivision, Ottapalam - 9496010260

AEE, 220kV Substation, Shoranur - 9496010255

AEE, LMSD, Shoranur - 9496010266

AE, 110kV Substation, Ottapalam - 9496010263

AE1, 220kV Substation, Shoranur - 9496010252

AE2, 220kV Substation, Shoranur - 9496008702

AE, 110kV Substation, Vennakara - 9496010237

AE, 110kV Substation, Vadakkumcherry - 9496010217

AE, 110kV Substation, Cherpulassery - 9496010261

AE, 110kV Substation, Pazhayannur - 9496009894

AE, LMS, Shoranur - 9496010265

Electrical Section, Ottapalam - 9496010164

Electrical Section, Ambalappara - 9496010159

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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Electrical Section, Pathiripala - 9496010041

AE, Electrical Section, Ottapalam - 9496010163

AE, Electrical Section, Ambalappara - 9496010161

AE, Electrical Section, Pathiripala – 9496010040

LD, Kalamassery - 9496008888

Sub LD, Kannur – 9496011911

Important E-mail IDs

Transmission Circle, Palakkad

dcetrpkd@dataone.in

dcetrpkd@rediffmail.com

Transmission Division Shoranur

eetdnsrr@bsnl.in

Substation Subdivision, Ottapalam

aeesssdotp@gmail.com

Electrical Division Shoranur

dceshnr@dataone.in

dceshnraa@gmail.com

Corporate Planning

ssgcecp@ksebnet.com

Meter Testing Subdivision

aeemtsdkhd@gmail.com
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110kV Substation, Ottapalam Operations & Training Manual

Prepared by Checked by

Snithababy k Pulikkottil Ravi P V

Assistant Engineer Assistant Executive Engineer
110kV Substation Substation Subdivision
Ottapalam. Ottapalam.

Approved by

Martin C S

Executive Engineer
Transmission Division
Shoranur.