Workshop Perlindungan Gempa

Desain Perlindungan Gempa pada Bangunan

by Faimun, FTSLK ITS Surabaya

Introduction
Indonesian Seismicity

The video will how records of Indonesian

earthquake since Jan 1980 to Sep 2018,
collected and animated by PUSGEN (Pusat
Gempa Nasional)
Introduction
Indonesian Seismicity
Principle
Seismic Resistant Building

1. Small Earthquake : Minimal or no damage of building

2. Medium Eartquake : Minimal damage of building and repairable
3. Strong Eartquake : Building may damage but casualty is prevented

Building should provide enough ductility to sway while dissipate

earthquake energy.
Risk Category of Buildings
and Other Structures

Use or Occupancy of Buildings and Structures Risk Category

Buildings and other structures that represent low risk to human life in the event of failure I

All buildings and other structures except those listed in Risk Categories I, III, and IV II

Buildings and other structures, the failure of which could pose a substantial risk to human
life. High economic impact, hazardous chemicals, toxic or explosive substances III

Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities IV

Important factors
Due to Earthquake Loads

Earthquake Important
Risk Category
Factors

I 1.00

II 1.00

III 1.25

IV 1.50
Target Reliability
Conditional Probability of Failure

Target Reliability (Conditional Probability of Failure)

for Structural Stability Caused by Earthquake

Conditional Probability of
Risk Category Failure Caused by the
MCER Shaking Hazard (%)

I & II 10

III 5

IV 2.5
New
Earthquake Maps
Surabaya
Earthquake Maps
Surabaya
Respons Spectra
New S1, MCER
Earthquake Maps
New SS, MCER
Earthquake Maps
Creating
Respons Spectra
Differences
With ASCE 7-16
Application of
Earthquake Maps
Sway Mechanism
Strong Column Weak Beam Concept

Mechanism (a) are preferred, mechanism (b) hard on detailing

Weakness of
Traditional Design

The seismic design of conventionally framed bridges and buildings relies on the
dissipation of earthquake-induced energy through inelastic (nonlinear) response in
selected components of the structural frame. Such response is associated with structural
damage that produces direct (capital) loss repair cost, indirect loss (possible closure,
rerouting, business interruption) and perhaps casualties (injuries, loss of life).
Traditional seismic analysis and design procedures do not permit the accurate
estimation of structural deformations and damage, making it very difficult to predict the
likelihood of direct and indirect losses and casualties.
Seismic Design
Strategies and Devices

Diaphragms: Floors and roofs can be used as rigid horizontal planes, or diaphragms, to
transfer lateral forces to vertical resisting elements such as walls or frames.

Shear Walls: Strategically located stiffened walls are shear walls and are capable of
transferring lateral forces from floors and roofs to the foundation.

Braced Frames: Vertical frames that transfer lateral loads from floors and roofs to
foundations. Like shear walls, Braced Frames are designed to take lateral loads but are
used where shear walls are impractical.

Moment-Resistant Frames: Column/beam joints in moment-resistant frames are

designed to take both shear and bending thereby eliminating the space limitations of
solid shear walls or braced frames. The column/beam joints are carefully designed to be
stiff yet to allow some deformation for energy dissipation taking advantage of the
ductility of steel (reinforced concrete can be designed as a Moment-Resistant Frame as
well).
Seismic Design
Strategies and Devices

Energy-Dissipating Devices: Making the building structure more resistive will

increase shaking which may damage the contents or the function of the building.
Energy-Dissipating Devices are used to minimize shaking. Energy will dissipate if ductile
materials deform in a controlled way.

Base Isolation: This seismic design strategy involves separating the building from the
foundation and acts to absorb shock. As the ground moves, the building moves at a
slower pace because the isolators dissipate a large part of the shock
Seismic Devices
How it works

In case of base isolation, the present of

base isolation will increase building’s
periode.
Hence will produce less spectral
acceleration.
Seismic Devices
How it works

The present of seismic devices will

increase building’s damping.
Hence will produce less spectral
acceleration.
Seismic Devices
Modified Response Spectra

When calculation based on spectral

approach, the response spectra can be
modified as suggest by AASHTO.

Note:
Response spectra method is linear
method, care should be made because
the seismic devices has nonlinear
behaviour
Seismic Devices
in SNI 1726-20xx

SNI 1726-20xx Explicitly mentioning:

- Base Isolation (Chap. 12), and
- Seismic Devices (Chap. 13)

Analysis Procedures:
- Equivalent Lateral Forces , 4 storey or 19.8m
- Response Spectrum Analysis, with exceptions.
- Time History Analysis.

Seismic Devices Types:

- Displacement Dependent Damping Devices
- Velocity Dependent Damping Devices

Product Testing.
specification of
seismic bearing

1. Type of seismic bearing : LRB

2. Specification data
 Linear effective stiffness = 1.9 kN/mm
 Post yield stiffness = 1.2 kN/mm
 Before yield stiffness = 7.6 kN/mm
 Yield strength = 47 kN/mm2
 Post-yield stiffness ratio = 0.157

Note:
 Parameters of rubber isolator were inputted
according to the specification from brochure
from.
 In SAP2000, Rubber Isolator can be defined as
Link/Support Properties.
structural
model
Bearing
s

Detail of structural model

Pier  Depth of foundation (spun pile) = 29 meter
 Number of spun pile = 4
 Number of auxiliary rebar = 21D16
 Dimension of pier = 1.6 x 1.6-meter
Pile cap

Type of model
 Model 1 : the use of elastic bearing pad
 Model 2 : the use of seismic bearing (OVM)

Spring
foundation

Fixed restraint
detail of structural model for four piles
spectral matching
for artificial time history
In order to obtain the nonlinear
behavior of link/support frame,
nonlinear time-history analysis must Artificial spectrum is
be carried out. scaled to the
response spectrum of New artificial
Jakarta time-history
The lack of time-history data for function
seismic in Indonesia, makes the
analysis by using spectral matching
software is indispensable.

To deliver the proper time-history

response, seven artificial
earthquakes acceleration must be
modeled by using SIMQKE

7 Output of SIMQKE will be used as

input time-history function, and
subsequently the results that used is output spectral matching and artificial time-history
the average value of time-history
nonlinear modal
time-history analysis
Nonlinear modal time-history
analysis is intentionally chosen
because it is more accurate and
efficient than direct-integration
analysis.

Ritz-vector analysis is used to find For time

modes that are excited by a period 20
particular loading. Ritz vectors can sec
provide a better basis than do
Eigenvectors when used for
response-spectrum or time-
history analyses that are based on
modal superposition.

input for time history load case

Input the period for the 1st and 2nd mode

shape with damping ratio of 0.05
results and
discussion

Table 1 Summary of ultimate axial forces on spun pile Hysteresis Behavior of Seismic Bearing
20
Envelope Axial Percentage of
Direction Bearing Pad Seismic Bearing 15
Force (ton) Reduction (%)

Lateral Force (ton)

10
Compression 646.10 570.48 11.7 5
x-axis
Tension 298.98 116.62 61.0 0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -5 0 10 20 30 40
Compression 643.11 570.48 11.3
y-axis -10
Tension 295.99 114.09 61.5
-15
Note for Loads : Earthquake + Dead + Superimposed -20
Displacement(mm)

Nonlinear behavior of rubber isolator

Table 2 Summary of base shear at the bottom pier

[Seismic Demand] Base Shear (ton) Percentage of

Direction It can be said that the use of
Bearing Pad Seismic Bearing Reduction (%)
seismic bearings have significantly
x-axis 136.9 89.5 34.6 affected the reduction of
y-axis 132.9 88.3 33.6 earthquake demand of the
structure.
THANKYOU
any question?