IOT BASED PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM WITH AUTONOMOUS

IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION

ABSTRACT

Automation is need of future and automation in farming is necessary as there is acute

storage of both fertile land and skilled farmer. Judging the need of crop is quite difficult
as the demand of nutrients changes with age of crop. The growth of a wheat plant is
measured in stages. Understanding the stages of growth is important to help farmers
optimize the yield. The optimum timing of fertilizer, irrigation, herbicide, insecticide, and
fungicide applications are also best determined by crop growth stage rather than calendar
date. This work provide a solution to finding the age of wheat crop, once the age of crop
is found farmer can take precious and calculated step to enhance their production of
wheat or other agricultural product.

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is the backbone of our country. India is an agricultural country where the
most of the population depends on agriculture. Research in agriculture is aimed towards
increasing productivity and profit. There are several automated systems available in
literature, which are developed for irrigation control and environmental monitoring in the
field. However, it is essential to monitor the plant growth stage by stage and take
decisions accordingly. In addition to monitoring the environmental parameters such as
pH, moisture content and temperature, it is inevitable to identify the onset of plant
diseases too. It is the key to prevent the losses in yield and quantity of agricultural
product. Plant disease identification by continuous visual monitoring is very difficult task
to farmers and at the same time it is less accurate and can be done in limited areas. Hence
this projects aims at developing an image processing algorithm to identify the diseases in
rice plant.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The input section consists of two sensors which are soil moisture sensor and PH electrode
sensor. The Sensors convert physical parameters of soil like PH and water content into
electrical signal. Outputs of the sensors are given to ADC inputs of the microcontroller
ATmega16. Signal processing unit consists of amplifiers which boost the low level signal
into required voltage level from the sensor outputs. Digital outputs of microcontroller are
connected to driver circuit which controls the valves of fertilizer and water tank. The
output of valves are connected to pumps-1 and pump-2 for supplying fertilizer and water
to the plants. An IOT module is connected to the serial output of microcontroller through
which the monitoring data are transmitted to the user through IP address.
PROPOSED SYSTEM

Nowadays, many vegetables are grown inside greenhouses in which environment is

controlled and nutrition can be supplied through water supply using electrical pump,
namely fertigation. Dosage of nutrition in water for many vegetable plants is also known
so that by controlling water supply all the needs for the plants to grow are available.
Furthermore, water supply can be controlled using electrical pump which is activated
according to the plants conditioning relation with water supply.

In order to supply water and nutrition in the right amount and time, plants condition can
be observed using a PH electrode and soil moisture sensor to develop an autonomous
plant watering and fertigation approach. Here we use ATmega microcontroller and valves
for auto control of fertigation and watering for plants by the sensed soil water and
nutrition and accordingly give command to the external hardware to control the water
flow and fertilizer flow control.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

A Smart irrigation system was developed to optimize water, fertilizers use for
agricultural crops also recognize plant diseases with proper efficiency. Both irrigation
water quality and proper irrigation management are critical to successful crop production.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

ATmega16 microcontroller is the heart of the system which is programmed to read sensor
input and control water and fertilizer output to plant along with sending of status to the
monitoring unit. Microcontroller is loaded with C program which is stored in the
EEPROM memory and works when power is given to the IC chip. Here a 5V power
supply unit is used to give DC supply voltage to the microcontroller, sensor and IOT
Module. A 12v supply is connected to the valves and motors for their operation. Moisture
sensors consist of electrical probes which are inserted into soil for sensing water content.
The output of the probe is amplified using an operational amplifier to required gain and
send to microcontroller ADC input. PH sensor consists of probes which sensed
concentration of hydrogen in soil and converts into electrical signal. The output signal
from PH electrodes is given to an operational amplifier and then to a voltage comparator
and the amplified output are given to microcontroller ADC. Microcontroller reads the
sensor voltage and converts them into digital valve. The digital values are compared with
a reference valve and if it less than the reference values them a signal is send to the
output port. The valves are connected to the digital output port of microcontroller. When
the microcontroller gives a ON signal to output port then the valve is turned ON and
during OFF signal valves are turned OFF. Simultaneously the sensor and ON-OFF status
are sent through the IOT module to the IP address of user for monitoring.
LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Plant Irrigation Using Digital Image Processing, J.P. Sai Poojitha, B.Sony,
Academic Consultant, Dept. of SOET, SPMVV, Tirupati , AP, India.

The project we have undertaken is “Automatic Plant Irrigation System”. This

project is taken up as India is an agriculture oriented country and the rate at which water
resources are depleting is a dangerous threat hence there is a need of smart and efficient
way of irrigation. In this project we have implemented sensors which detect the humidity
in the soil (agricultural field) and supply water to the field which has water requirement.
Our project consists of three stages namely sensor circuit, micro control circuit and motor
driver circuit. This microcontroller based design which controls the water supply and the
field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in each field which are not activated till
water is present on the field. Once the field gets dry sensors sense the requirement of
water in the field and send a signal to the microcontroller. Microcontroller then supply
water to that particular field which has water requirement till the sensors is deactivated
again. In case, when there are more than one signal for water requirement then the
microcontroller will prioritize the first received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly.

2. Monitoring Growth of Wheat Crop using Digital Image Processing Anil

Kakran Rita Mahajan PG StudentAssistant Professor PEC University of
Technology, ChandigarhDepartment of E&EC, PEC.

Automation is need of future and automation in farming is necessary as there is

acute storage of both fertile land and skilled farmer. Judging the need of crop is quite
difficult as the demand of nutrients changes with age of crop. The growth of a wheat
plant is measured in stages. Understanding the stages of growth is important to help
farmers optimize the yield. The optimum timing of fertilizer, irrigation, herbicide,
insecticide, and fungicide applications are also best determined by crop growth stage
rather than calendar date. This work provide a solution to finding the age of wheat crop,
once the age of crop is found farmer can take precious and calculated step to enhance
their production of wheat or other agricultural product. Colour processing feature of
Digital Image Processing is used for finding the age of wheat crop. RGB and HSI colour
models utilized in examining wheat crop.

3. Agricultural Robot, (Irrigation System, Weeding, Monitoring of Field,

Disease Detection) Bhagyalaxmi k1, Jagtap Komal K, Nikam Nakusa S,
Nikam Karuna K, Sutar Snehal S., Asst. Professor, Dept. of Electronics and
Telecommunication, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

The purpose of the project is to build a multipurpose agricultural robot which can
perform various operations on field. One of the important profession in India is farming
so it is essential to look out for automation in field work to reduce man power. Here this
project focuses on farming work features like automatic irrigation system, monitoring of
the field using parameters as temperature , soil moisture , humidity , raining , presence of
any animal on field these all parameters are monitored from field and transmitted to
mobile unit using GSM module. As well as here we analyze disease spread on plant using
interfacing of camera and image processing technique by taking a sample of leaf. This
analyzed disease is display on GUI interface where remotely we monitoring field using
this project.

4. A Review on Automated Irrigation System using Wireless Sensor Network, Yogesh

G. Gawali, Devendra S. Chaudhari, Hitendra C. Chaudhari.

Automated irrigation system consists of a feedback control system that employs

monitoring of environmental parameters and controlling irrigation. Environmental
parameters such soil moisture, temperature and humidity plays an important role in
overall development of the crop and good yield. Conservation of water and other resource
can be achieved by optimizing these parameters. The advancements in science and
technology have enabled the use of modern technology, like Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN), in such system at very low cost. WSN can be incorporated to distribute the
monitoring over entire crop field. This paper reviews for various sensors available to
monitor above environmental parameters and focuses on wireless technologies to suite
such types of end application.