Paoe

C 0 N T E N T S I. Introduction 2

2. Design 2

3. Pool Water Quality 3

4. Filtration 6

5. Water Circulation and Distribution- 6

6. The Internal Environment 7

7. Electrical Services 8

8. Plumbing and Drainage 8

9. Energy Management 9
10. The Plant Room 9
11. Management and Operation 9
12. References 9

These digests are part of a series prepared t o offer guidance on the planning, design and
management of sports buildings. They aim to promote value for money and quality in new and
upgraded facilities.
1
0 The Scottish Sports Council. April 1995
 SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
1. Introduction
I Good building services are essential for high quality indoor
swimming pools. Building services account for 35-50% of
the total cost of most modern pools - from the most basic
pools serving a small local community to major leisure
pools with many separate water areas and features.
A safe, comfortable and attractive internal environment is
essential in order to attract and sustain high levels of use.
The challenge is substantial: a large internal volume
containing thousands of gallons of warm water which is
constantly being agitated and requires continual chemical
treatment to deal with pollution from large numbers of
bathers demands high levels of environmental service to
maintain satisfactory conditions. This means that these
elements need to be taken into account at the earliest
possible stage of the design.
The design, location, plant space and distribution of the
various building services elements should be important factors
in the general design and planning of the facility. Due to the
relative complexity of the installations it is also critical that
operation, maintenance and energy are also given early
consideration when the management and operational
planning for the facility is done. Achieving the building services
that meet the requirements of a particular facility and
operational strategy will necessarily involve some compromises,
and judgments based on priorities and assessment of critical
factors. This Technical Digest addresses those issues.
Figure 1: Typical Large Pool Mechanical Services Schematic
Ozone injection
Deozonising
Ozone gas
generator
POOI water supply
2
2. Design
Swimming pools make serious demands in terms of the
design, construction, operation and maintenance of the
building services. Design comes first, and is critical to a
successf uI facility.
The starting point for the design of any facility should be a
comprehensive assessment by the client body of the scale
of pool wanted, taking into account existing provision,
projected use, future plans, etc. This information can then
be used to estimate the bathing load and pattern of use,
which in turn establishes the requirements that the
environmental service systems in general, and the pool
water treatment system in particular, will need to satisfy.
Design Brief
A design brief should be produced by the client body that
is responsible for the proposed pool. It should provide a
broad description of requirements and set out the principal
parameters of the design. It is important that the design
brief highlights the main factors that will govern the
detailed design of the various building services elements,
including the pool water treatment. These should include:
the size and type of pool(s) and water features to be
included;
the anticipated bathing load and patterns of use;
I BoilerS 1pI
I
'
 SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES

the desired pool water quality parameters (including
temperatures);
details of any specific requirements for chemical
treatment, filtration, circulation, dilution, ventilation, etc;
environmental quality parameters for all areas;
proposed main plant areas and locations, etc;
details of mains supplies and connections of fuel,
electricity, drainage, etc;
the nature of the incoming water supply - hard or soft,
for example;
plant operation and maintenance;
energy.
Pool Water Pollution
Pool water is being polluted to some extent, primarily by
bathers, the whole time it is being used. Whatever the
source and type of pollution, it should be minimised a t
source, and dealt with by appropriate water treatment
which should ensure that pool water is clear and presents
no sDecial risk of infection.
The substances which can be introduced to pool water
from bathers' bodies fall into three categories:
tissues and excretions - urine, sweat, mucus, saliva, hair,
skin scales and faecal matter;
dirt - many types, organic and inorganic;
cosmetics - powders, creams, lotions, oils, etc.

Of these, the biggest problem is generally the urea in urine

3. Pool Water Quality
The most critical element in providing a good swimming
pool environment is pool water quality. This is affected by
pollution (including bacteria and viruses), the byproducts of
disinfection, and mineral salts - both naturally present and
added as part of the water treatment regime.
Much of the information in this section is derived from the
Pool Water Guide (see Reference section, page 9), which is
the standard text on the subject.
Figure 2: Typical Small Pool - Mechanical Services Diagram
and sweat. This reacts with disinfectant in the pool water
to produce combined chlorine (or bromine) - the main
cause of eye and skin irritation and irritant fumes in the air
above the pool.
Many bacteria and viruses (collectively, micro-organisms)
are introduced into the pool by bathers. The majority are
harmless; even those that can cause disease (called
pathogens) present no significant risk in a properly
disinfected and managed pool. As an important check,
though, microbiological testing of the pool water should
be done regularly

?
Monitoring sensor
b
.

Main air handling unit

damper
-+ Office Ex!ract Exhaust

ihi! -w Filters f- Circulation --I+

pumps
Changing
rooms

1
5.
lrtc
0-

LTemperature
controlled valve Radiators' Toilets I
.,c & Humidity
&
pipe coils
CO2
I ,
' I r -Temperature
& Humidity

' * Some radiators have thermostatic valves

All coils have thermostatic valves with remote sensors

3
SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
The main way of controlling pool water pollution is by
effective pool hygiene, together with good circulation,
disinfection and filtration. However, there will still be a
need to dilute with fresh make-up water at a rate of up to
30 litres per bather per day to maintain satisfactory water
quality. (Indeed, there are some contaminants which can
only be removed by dilution.)
Pool Hygiene
In many European countries it is quite routine (and
sometimes compulsory) to shower before swimming. In the
UK, however, showers are more often used to wash off the
pool water after a swim. In fact, the chemicals that
swimmers wish to remove after leaving the pool are there
mainly t o cope w i t h the pollution introduced by
unshowered bathers.
In order to encourage proper pre-swim showering and
hygiene it is recommended that adequate showers and
toilet facilities should be provided on the direct route from
the changing room to the pool - separate from post-swim
showers. Pre-swim showers should operate with water at
pool water temperature (or up to 2 degrees C above). If
this can be supplied from the pool water circulation system
and run to waste, the shower water will be disinfected and
pool water dilution will be encouraged.
Disinfection
In practical terms, swimming pool disinfection cannot
entirely remove microorganisms - but should control them
and effectively reduce the risk of infection to minimum
Figure 3: Typical Simple Chlorine Pool Water Treatment
Vent
r
I To drain
Chlorine/Ph
samplerkontroller
n Heater
Alum
Tank
Compressor
4
levels. Disinfectants must be dosed carefully - preferably
automatically - and their levels monitored regularly. Dosing
and monitoring can be automated.
There are many ways of of disinfecting swimming pool
water; but the ones that are most often and reliably used
are of four types - chlorine, chlorinated isocyanurates,
bromine and ozone.
Chlorine The action of sodium hypochlorite, calcium
hypochlorite and chlorine gas in pool water is sufficiently
similar for them all to be loosely referred to as chlorine.
Chlorine disinfection is the most widely used method in
public swimming pools.
Sodium hypochlorite is a liquid, usually supplied in solution,
but sometimes generated on site by electrolysis.
Calcium hypochlorite is a solid and can be supplied as powder,
granules or tablets - which are dissolved prior to dosing.
Chlorine gas is supplied in bottles, and is subject t o
stringent health and safety requirements.
For all types of chlorine disinfection it is recommended that
the free chlorine residual in the pool water (the chlorine
available for disinfection) should be maintained a t the
lowest level that provides satisfactory water quality (as
assessed by microbiological and chemical monitoring). This
should be possible a t 1 mg per litre or less and should never
need to be above 2mg per litre. The combined chlorine
residual (a measure of unwanted disinfectant byproducts)
should always be less than the free chlorine - ideally less
than half the free chlorine.
;iG
correction
Sight glass
To drain
NRV TO drain
To drain

Chlorinated isocyanurates These granules or tablets are
an alternative means of providing chlorine-based
disinfection. Cyanuric acid is present in the pool water
alongside the residual chlorine. It is recommended that the
levels should be: free chlorine residual 2.5 to 5.0mg per
litre; cyanuric acid less than 200mg per litre (ideally 50 to
1OOmg per litre).
Bromine There are number of disinfectant systems which
utilise bromine as the main disinfectant agent.
Liquid bromine disinfects in a similar way to chlorine. It is
recommended that the total bromine residual should be
maintained between 1.5 and 3.5mg per litre (ideally
between 2.0 and 2.5mg per litre). The combined bromine
residual should be no more than half the free bromine.
A solid bromine donor- bromochlorodimethylhydantoin
(BCDMH) - is available in tablet form. There has been
considerable debate over the years about reports of skin
irritation and rashes associated with this, so designers and
operators should be vigilant, ensure that the recommended
guidelines are adhered to and provide adequate dilution
with fresh water. The recommended level of total active
bromine residual with this system is between 4 and 6mg per
litre; dimethylhydantoin should not exceed 200mg per litre.
Another system involves sodium bromide and hypochlorite.
The recommended bromine residual levels are as for liquid
bromine; a bromide reserve should be maintained between
9 and 15mg per litre.
Ozone This system is different in that it purifies the water
as it passes through the plant room, but does not provide a
chemical residual in the pool water itself. So conventional
treatment (usually with hypochlorite) is applied as well - but
Figure 4: Typical Ozone Pool Water Treatment
aA+3 TArain Idrain
i0
Compressor To drain Ozone bypass
SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
this can usually be controlled at a lower level than chlorine
alone. Ozonation is comparatively expensive, but can deliver
high quality pool water.
pH Value
The degree of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of water is
measured in terms of its pH value. A pH value of 7 is
neutral; values below 7 indicate increasing acidity, values
higher than 7 increasing alkalinity. Disinfectant activity is
significantly affected by pH. All chlorine disinfectants,
ozone + chlorine, and BCDMH work best towards the
bottom of the recommended range of pH 7.2-7.8. Bromine
disinfectants operate best in the pH range 7.8 to 8.2.
The control of pH is generally by the addition of acid or
alkali, depending on the type of disinfectant and the
source water. Alkaline disinfectants (sodium and calcium
hypochlorite) normally require an acid (generally sodium
bisulphate, carbon dioxide or hydrochloric acid) to control
pH. Acidic disinfectants (chlorine gas, liquid bromine,
chlorinated isocyanurates) normally require the addition of
an alkali (usually sodium carbonate).
Some combinations of source water and disinfectant will
result in a pool water not requiring any pH adjustment; it is
always good practice to choose a disinfectant with the
source water in mind, and to adjust pH only enough to
bring it within the recommended range. Any further
addition of chemicals to control pH will be of no benefit
and may be detrimental to water quality.
Balanced Water
A balanced water is technically one that is neither scale
forming nor corrosive. For the majority of pools, however,
a.
*
To drain
TC
5
SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
the water will generally be adequately balanced if the pH is
maintained within the recommended range. The other
main factors affecting water balance a re alkalinity,
hardness and dissolved solids.
Alkalinity The total alkalinity of pool water is a measure of
the alkaline salts dissolved in it. The higher the alkalinity,
the more resistant water is to changes in its pH value -
generally a good thing. The recommended range is 75 to
250mg per litre.
Hardness The total hardness of pool water is a measure of
its calcium and magnesium salts. Calcium hardness is
particularly relevant to swimming pools: if it is below about
40mg per litre,the water may be corrosive. The
recommended minimum value is 75mg per litre; although
there is no theoretical upper limit, values over 500mg per
litre are unlikely to be of any benefit.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) This is the sum weight of all
soluble material in the water and its measurement is useful
as a warning of potential overloading or lack of dilution in
a swimming pool. It should therefore be monitored and
maintained at a maximum of 1000mg per litre above that
of the source water with an absolute maximum of 3000mg
per litre. In general TDS can only be controlled by dilution,
usually via filter backwashing but the fewer chemicals that
can be used, the better.
Sulphate As high levels of sulphate can attack cement
and grout, i t s concentration should be separately
monitored and 360mg per litre should not be exceeded. If
sulphate levels cannot be maintained below this,
sulphate-resistant Portland cement and epoxy grout may
have to be used.
4. 'Filtration
Maintaining the clarity of pool water is critical for safety
and comfort. Clarity is reduced by turbidity (colloidal or
particulate matter in suspension in the water). It i s
important to determine the source of any turbidity - in
case it can be dealt with directly - but the remedy is likely
to be adequate filtration.
Sand filters - rather than the cheaper cartridge and pre-
coat or diatomaceous earth filters - are recommended for
all non-domestic swimming pools. Because filter efficiency
falls off rapidly a t velocities of over 30m/h, medium rate
filters (1 1-30m/h) are recommended. High-rate filters (31-
50m/h) cannot handle colloids effectively; low-rate filters
(up to 10m/h) tend to harbour bacteria.
Regular, effective backwashing (cleaning filters by reversing
the flow of water through the filter bed and discharging
the water to waste) is essential if filters are to operate
efficiently. It should be carried out strictly in accordance
with manufacturers' instructions, at least once a week.
6
It is recommended that a minimum of t w o filters are
provided wherever possible, to increase flexibility and to
provide some standby capacity during maintenance.
Filters in public pools a r e generally of the vertical,
downward-flow type but both horizontal and dual-flow
(downward and upward flow) types have been used
successfully. Mild steel with a corrosion protection lining is
the most common material for filter tanks but stainless
steel, glass fibre and concrete have all been used
successfully.
The addition of coagulants assists the removal of dissolved
and colloidal material by producing a flocculate which is
more easily trapped on a filter. Aluminium sulphate (alum),
polyaluminium chloride (PAC), sodium aluminate, iron
chlorides and iron sulphates have all been successfully used
as coagulants in swimming pools.
5. Water Circulation and
Di s t r ibut ion
Water circulation and distribution are critically important in
pool water quality.
Turnover Period
The time taken for an amount equivalent to the total
volume of pool water to circulate through the pool and
treatment plant is known as the turnover period. The
choice of turnover period for a pool (or part of any pool)
should be one of the earliest design decisions once the
pool type, size, shape and bathing load are agreed. The
shorter the turnover period, the more frequently and
thoroughly the water is being treated.
Recommended maximum turnover periods for various pool
types and areas are:
diving pools 4-6 hours
competition pools (25-50m long) 3-4.5 hours
conventional pools (up to 25m long) 2.5-3 hours
leisure pools up to 0.5m deep, 0.5 hours;
0.5-1m deep, 0.5-1 hour;
1-1.5m deep, 1-1.5 hours;
over 1.5m deep, 2-2.5 hours.
Circulation
It is very important that treated water is distributed to all
parts of the pool and that polluted water is removed
effectively, especially from areas most densely populated by
bathers. Pool circulation systems which allow substantial
proportions of water to be taken from the surface can be
particularly efficient, as the pollution is generally greatest at
the water surface.
 SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES

There are three main systems for removing surface water -
level-deck, overflow or scum channels, and skimmers. The
most efficient of these is level-deck (able to handle up to
100% of the circulation flow via surface removal) and the
least efficient skimmers (typically handling 5-10% of total
flow via the surface). In order to ensure that the water
remains at the correct level at all times, a balance tank,
together with an automatic make-up water supply tank, is
usually required.
Pool water inlets should be arranged to ensure that each
t a k e s its required proportion of flow and that inlet
velocities do not exceed 1 . 5 to 2m/s. Outlets must be
arranged so that there is no risk of bathers being drawn
towards them or trapped.
Sufficient pumping capacity must be provided to ensure
that the required pool turnover period is achieved when
filters are dirty and providing maximum resistance.
Sufficient standby pumping capacity should be provided to
allow full circulation to continue when one of the main
pumps is not running. The pumping system should be
capable of reduced f l o w rates when the pool is
unoccupied, and must be able to provide the required flow
rate for backwashing.
Trends towards higher water temperatures can be linked
to a number of problems including higher energy costs,
increased water and air pollution, discomfort for staff,
deterioration of the building fabric, etc and this has led
to the following recommendations for maximum pool
water temperatures.
27OC (80.5OF) competitive swimming and diving, fitness
swimming, training
28°C (82.5OF) recreational, adult teaching, conventional
main pools
29°C (84OF) children's teaching, leisure pools
3OoC (86OF) babies, young children, disabled
Ventilation and Air Circulation
The pool hall ventilation system is normally the primary (or
only) means of removing contaminants from the pool
atmosphere and controlling the pool hall air quality,
temperature and humidity. It is generally recommended
that air is well distributed over the whole area of the pool
hall and that air movement within the occupied zone is
maintained within acceptable limits for bather comfort.
Extracting air at low level adjacent t o sources of
contamination and evaporation may be beneficial.

The ideal ventilation rate for a pool, taking into account

6. The Internal Environment varying external conditions, bather loads, evaporation,
water quality, etc is very difficult to estimate and will, by

Maintaining a satisfactory environment in the pool hall, Figure 5: Typical Air Distribution
and all the other areas of the building, is essential for the
comfort of users. It also ensures a reasonably extended
working life for the pool building. Heating and ventilation
need to take into account a wide range of factors such as
bathing load, water temperature and quality, materials and
insulation of the pool hall envelope, plant location,
integration with the building structure, and capital,
operating and life-cycle costs.

Temperature and Humidity

The air temperature of the pool hall needs to be maintained
at a comfortable level - primarily for bathers, although staff, A. High-level extract
instructors, lifeguards and spectators also need
consideration. Pool water temperature and air temperature
and humidity need to be controlled so that user comfort is
maximised and evaporation from the pool surface
minimised. Typically this balance is best achieved with pool
air temperature at or up to 1 degree C above pool water
temperature, and a relative humidity of 50-70%. Air
temperatures should not, in general, exceed 3OOC.

The ideal water temperature will obviously depend on the

activity, but it is not practicable to vary water temperatures
to suit every change in use of a particular pool area. So it is
essential that optimum water temperatures are selected B. Low-level extract
and controlled for each pool.

7
 SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
necessity, change w i t h varying circumstances. An
effective, well distributed mechanical supply and extract
ventilation system is, however, essential to maintain
satisfactory internal environmental conditions under all
potential variations.
A recommended guideline figures of 10 litres of
ventilation air per second per square metre of total pool
hall area (water area plus all wet surrounds) has been
found to be satisfactory in a wide range of pools. This
normally produces an overall total of about five air
changes per hour, depending on the height of the pool
hall. These figures may need to be increased to about
nine air changes per hour for leisure pools with extensive
water features.
A minimum of 12 litres per second of fresh air should
. be provided for each occupant via the ventilation
system. As fresh air w i l l be essential t o c o n t r o l
contaminants and provide comfortable conditions, the
supply ventilation should be designed to handle 100%
fresh air when required.
Recirculation of pool air produces a risk of increased build-
up of contaminants in the pool environment and increases
the risk of deterioration of the equipment and fabric. So
any recirculation considered for energy coniervation should
be carefully controlled and used only when appropriate (eg
during periods of light bathing loads and when the pool is
unoccupied and pool covers are in use). In any case, it
should generally be restricted to a maximum of 70% of the
supply air volume (allowing a minimum of 30% fresh air a t
all times the pool is in use).
Changing and Ancillary Areas
The ancillary areas associated with a swimming pool should
generally be maintained a t normal comfort temperature
and humidity for dry facilities (about 20°C. 50% RH) and
well ventilated. There may be some benefit in maintaining
areas adjacent to the pool hall at a slightly positive air
pressure relative to the hall itself, in order to contain any
swimming pool smell in the pool area.
Separate areas within the pool hall itself which are utilised
for eating, drinking, social and casual spectating can be
difficult to keep comfortable. Their particular requirements
should be assessed independently and wherever possible
these areas should be physically separated from the pool
hall in order that appropriate environmental conditions
can be provided.
The changing rooms are particularly important, being in
a direct path between the entrance and the pool hall
itself. The ideal temperature for these spaces is generally
about half way between that of the entrance and the pool
hall. This will usually mean a temperature of 24 or 25°C. It
is very important that adequate ventilation is provided in
order to maintain comfortable conditions and control
humidity levels. A minimum ventilation rate of ten air
changes an hour (all fresh air) is recommended. There may
-..
..
. ..
be some benefit in providing some warm air supply a t low
level (or underfloor heating) in order to maintain a dry
floor surface.
Toilets should also be provided with a 100% fresh air
ventilation system providing a minimum of ten air changes
per hour. Where toilets are part of a changing room area,
they should be maintained a t or near changing room
temperatures (24 or 25°C). But where they are separate
from the pool hall and changing area, this can be reduced
to around 20°C.
7. Electrical Services
Particular care needs to be given to all aspects of the
electrical services associated with swimming pools,
due t o the damp, warm, corrosive atmosphere that
installations need to withstand. Safety needs to be a
prime consideration: all installations need to comply with
the latest edition of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
(IEE) Regulations which has a section devoted
t o swimming pools (section 602). Reference should
also be made to Safety in Swimming Pools, published
jointly by the Sports Council and t h e Health and
Safety Commission.
Lighting
Artificial lighting should be in accordance w i t h the
recommendations of the Chartered Institution of Building
Services Engineers (CIBSE) Lighting guide LG4 - sports
(recommended minimum maintained average illuminance
200-300 lux). Minimising glare and reflectance from the
surface of the pool is important. All luminaires and fittings
need to be carefully selected as suitable for swimming pool
environments and located so that maintenance operations
can be carried out easily and safely.
8. Plumbing
and Drainage
Mains water is needed for filling and topping up the pool
and supplying hot and cold water for domestic use
(including showers). This is normally a metered connection
from a local mains water supply.
Drainage needs t o be take account of the regular
backwashing load and the rare occasions when the pool
needs to be completely emptied. The quality of water
discharged into local waste water disposal systems may
have to be of particular standards and water disposal may
be monitored and charged for.

9. Energy Management
Swimming pools are an almost unique building type: they
operate at high temperatures and humidities throughout the
year. This creates potentially very high heating loads, so pool
buildings should be very well insulated (ideally, at least 50%
better than current general building regulations) and well
sealed from both the outside and any surrounding areas.
Heating the ventilation air will generally be a substantial
heat load due t o the relatively high ventilation volumes
involved so simple heat exchange devices (for example
plate heat exchangers or run around coils) should be
provided whenever possible t o maximise energy reclaim
from exhaust air.
There are many energy efficiency devices and techniques
which can be applied t o pool installations - thermal
wheels, heat pumps, desiccant heat recovery, combined
heat and power units - together with various other heat
recovery measures. It is important that these are carefully
and separately evaluated over the projected life cycle of the
building services installation - taking into account factors
such as the management and maintenance implications -
before selection of the most appropriate for any facility.
It will normally be necessary t o run the pool ventilation
system for at least part of the time that the pool is not
actually in use, in order to prevent condensation. The use
o f an effective pool cover can normally reduce this
requirement and therefore substantially reduce energy use.
The Department of the Environment’s Building Research
Energy Conservation Unit (BRECSU) are currently producing
a series o f publications providing advice o n energy
efficiency in swimming pools.
10. The Plant Room
It is essential that adequate space and access is provided
for all building services plant and equipment, t o allow
effective operation and maintenance. As a guide, 25%
of the water area is required for pool water treatment,
plant and 15% of the total building area for heating,
ventilation and electrical plant and equipment.
Water treatment plant should ideally be located as close as
practicable t o the pool; sufficient external access should be
provided for possible replacement and refurbishment of
major plant. There must be enough safe, convenient
storage of chemicals with separate, contained storage
areas for different types of chemical where necessary and
adequate external access for delivery, etc. Some items of
plant may need t o be located in clean, dry areas with
specific environmental conditions (for example electrical
distribution boards, control panels, ozone generators etc).
SWIMMING POOLS - BUILDING SERVICES
11. Management and
Operation
The detailed management structure will depend on the
size, type and nature of the pool. But whatever the scale
of the operation, management and staff must have an
understanding of the pool water treatment system and
associated environmental services installations. Whatever
specialist staff are employed, the ultimate responsibility for
t h e operation o f t h e b u i l d i n g is carried by t h e
management team. So all management staff must be able
t o monitor the operation of the building and, where
necessary, take action t o restore conditions in accordance
with the appropriate guidelines.
The manager or pool operator is responsible under the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 t o ensure, as far as is
reasonably practicable, the health and safety of employees
and others who may be affected by the undertaking. This
will include protecting the public who use a swimming
pool. The Health and Safety Executive/Sports Council
publication, Safety in Swimming Pools gives detailed
guidance in this area.
12. References
POOL WATER TREATMENT ADVISORY GROUP POOL
WATER GUIDE The treatment and quality of swimming
pool water
HEALTH & SAFETY EXECUTIVE / SPORTS COUNCIL Safety in
swimming pools
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)
Lighting guide LG4 -sports
SCOTTISH SPORTS COUNCIL
Technical Digests:
No. 300 Swimming Pools - Small Pool Design f3.00
No. 301 Swimming Pools - Improvements and
Alterations f 3 .OO
No. 302 Swimming Pools - Changing Accommodation
f3.00
9
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A full list of the technical digests in the series is available from f3.00 ISBN 1 8 5 0 6 0 350
The Scottish Sports Council
Caledonia House
South Gyle
EDINBURGH EH12 9DQ
Tel 0131-317 7200 Fax 0131-317 7202 SSC 721 -7-1
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Disclaimer
This technical digest and others in the series are intended to assist organisations in considering and working up projects
for implementation. They are not a substitute for expert or professional advice on individual projects. The Scottish Sports
Council shall not be held responsible or liable to any party for any loss, damage, costs or others arising from any reliance
placed on this and other technical digests.