Trigonometric Functions of

Compound Angles
Compound Angle Formulae
 Compound Angle Formulae
(A) Sum and Difference Formulae

1
area of LKM  qr sin( A  B)
2

1
area of MKN  pq sin B
2
1
area of LKN  pr sin A
2
area of LKM  area of MKN  area of LKN
1 1 1
qr sin( A  B)  pq sin B  pr sin A
2 2 2
p p
sin( A  B)  sin A  sin B
q r
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
If we replace B by (-B) in formula of sin(A – B), we have

sin[ A  (B)]  sin A cos(B)  cos A sin(B)

sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

If we replace A by (/2 - A) in the formula of sin(A - B), we have

  
sin(  A  B)  sin(  A) cos B  cos(  A) sin B
2 2 2

cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

By substituting (- B) in the formula of cos(A + B), we have

cos[ A  (B)]  cos A cos(B)  sin A sin(B)

cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

From the quotient relation and the above formulae,
sin( A  B)
tan( A  B) 
cos( A  B)
sin A cos B  cos A sin B
tan( A  B) 
cos A cos B  sin A sin B
sin A cos B cos A sin B

tan( A  B)  cos A cos B cos A cos B
cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos A cos B cos A cos B

tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
By substituting (-B) for B in the formula tan(A + B)

tan A  tan( B)
tan[ A  ( B)] 
1  tan A tan( B)

tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
Exercise 7.1

P.235
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
 sin(2 A)  2 sin A cos A
cos(2 A)  cos A  sin A
2 2

cos(2 A)  2 cos A  1
2

cos(2 A)  1  2 sin A2

tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
Exercise 7.2
P.244
The Subsidiary Angles
 The Subsidiary Angles
The expression acos + bsin
may always be converted into the
forms rsin( ±α) or rcos( ±β) where
r is a positive constant.
α and β are called the subsidiary
angles.
r  a b 2 2
Exercise 7.3
P.251
 Sums and Products of
Trigonometric Functions
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
 sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
+) sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 sin A cos B
 sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
-) sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 cos A sin B

 cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
+) cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B

 cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
-) cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B

sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 sin A cos B
1
[sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)]  sin A cos B
2

sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 cos A sin B

1
[sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)]  cos A sin B
2
cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B
1
[cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)]  cos A cos B
2
cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B
1
 [cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)]  sin A sin B
2
If we put A + B = x and A – B = y, express in terms of x and y.

x y x y
A B
2 2

sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 sin A cos B

x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 sin( ) cos( )
2 2
sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 cos A sin B
x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 cos( ) sin( )
2 2
 If we put A + B = x and A – B = y, express in terms of x and y.

x y x y
A B
2 2
cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 cos( ) cos( )
2 2
cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 sin( ) sin( )
2 2
 1
sin A cos B  [sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)]
2
1
cos A sin B  [sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)]
2
1
cos A cos B  [cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)]
2
1
sin A sin B  [cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)]
2
 x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 sin( ) cos( )
2 2
x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 cos( ) sin( )
2 2
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 cos( ) cos( )
2 2
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 sin( ) sin( )
2 2
Exercise 7.4
P.257
Elimination of Angles
If we have two or more equations,
each containing a certain variable,
the process of finding an equation
from which that variable is
excluded is called elimination.
Identities to be used in this section.

sin   cos   1
2 2

sec   tan   1
2 2

cos ec   cot   1
2 2
 General Solutions of
Trigonometric Equations
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
If _ sin   k
 
then _   sin k _ where _ 
1
 
2 2
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

If _ cos   k
then _   cos k _ where _ 0    
1
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
If _ tan  k
 
then _   tan k _ where _ 
1
 
2 2
General Solutions
 If _ cos   k ,
then _   2n  
where n is any integer and  is any
root of cos = k.
If _ sin   k ,
then _   n  (1) 
n

where n is any integer and  is any

root of sin = k.
 If _ tan  k ,
then _   n  
where n is any integer and  is any
root of tan = k.
Exercise 7.5
P.267