13.

1 One-way ANOVA:

Question 59:

Solution:

Use the table given below f three different traffic rules for the mean driving time, to calculate SS
between, SS within and F statistic.

Route 1 Route 2 Route 3

30 27 16

32 29 41

25 28 22

35 36 31

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

route 1 4 124 31 11.33

route 2 4 120 30 16.66

route 3 4 110 27.50 119.0

ANOVA

Source of SS df MS F P-value F crit

variation

Between 26.0000 2 13.00 0.2653 0.773 4.26

groups

Within 441.00 9 49.00

groups

Total 467.00 11

Thus, SS between is 26, SS within 441 and F statistic is .2653.

Question 60 Suppose a group is interested in determining whether teenagers obtain their

drivers licenses at approximately the same average age across the country. Suppose that
the following data are randomly collected from five teenagers in each region of the country.
The numbers represent the age at which teenagers obtained their drivers licenses.

Solution:

Treatments ANOVA Mean=X/n

NE K.3 K.1 K.4 K.5 K.325

S K.9 K.6 K.4 K.2 K.5

W K.4 K.5 K.6 K.1 K.4

C K.2 K.6 K.6 K.4 K.45

E 17.1 17.2 K.6 K.8 K.925

State the Hypothesis.

H0: μ1=μ2=μ3=μ4=μ5
Alternative Hypothesis: μ1!=μ2!=μ3!=μ4!=μ5

Degree of freedom between: k-1=5-1=4

Degree of freedom within: n-k=20-5=15

Grand mean= G/N= K.325+165+K.4+L.45+K.925/5= K.52

SST=1712

SS within= 0598

SS between= SST-SS within=1712-589=1114

Mean square between= SS between/df between=1114/4=279

Mean square within= SS within/df within=0.04

F Col= MS between/ MS within=0.279/0.04=6.986

Hence value of F col>F Critlan Here we reject H0

Question 69: Are the means for the final exams the same for all statistics class delivery
types? Table 13.25 shows the scores on final exams from several randomly selected classes
that used the different delivery types?

Solution:

Hybrid Online Face-to-face

72 83 80
84 73 78
77 84 84
80 81 81
81 86
79
82

Assume that all distributions are normal, the four population standard deviations are
approximately the same, and the data were collected independently and randomly. Use a level of
significance of 0.05.

Consider the data provided in the given table of scores of finale exams from several randomly
selected classes, to test means of finale exams from several randomly selected classes are same at
5% level of significance.

Consider the null hypothesis that there is no significance between the means of final exams from
several randomly selected classes.
H0:- All mean are equal (i.e. null hypothesis)

Ha: at least one mean is different (i.e. alternative hypothesis)

By solving we obtain:

Mean N Standard Deviation

78.8 5 4.55 Online
80.3 4 4.99 Hybrid
81.4 7 2.82 Face-to-face

ANOVA
Table

Source SS df MS F R-value

Treatment 20.17 2 16.087 0.64 0.543

Error 205.6 13 15.79

Total 225.4 15

The degree of freedom in the numerator is 2, and the degree of freedom in the denominator is 13.

The F distribution is used for the test of three different means

The value of test statistic is .64

The p-value for the test is 0.54

g. The graph of the distribution is given as below:

Level of significance ᾀ is 0.05

The means of final exams scores from several randomly selected classes are same.
Question 70 Are the mean number of times a month a person eats out the same for whites,
blacks, Hispanics and Asians? Suppose that Table 13.26 shows the results of a study.

Solution:

The test hypothesis:

H0: all means are equal (i.e. null hypothesis)

Ha: at least one mean is different (i.e. alternative hypothesis)

Mean N Std. Dev

5.2 5 2.28 White
3.0 4 1.83 Black
5.0 5 1.58 Hispanic
4.8 5 2.86 Asian
4.6 19 2.19 Total

ANOVA
table
Source SS Df MS F p-value
Treatment 13.03 3 4.34 0.89 .4711
Error 73.60 15 4.907
Total 86.63 18
The test statistic is

F=0.89

The p-value of F test is 0.4711(from F table)

Since the p-value is larger than 0.05, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

So, we can conclude that the mean number of times a month a person eats out the same for
whites, black, Hispanics and Asians.
Question 71 Are the mean numbers of daily visitors to a ski resort the same for the three
types of snow conditions? Suppose that Table 13.27 shows the results of a study.

Solution:

Consider the data provided in the table 13.27, to test mean numbers of daily visitors to a ski
resort are same for three types of snow conditions at 5% level of significance.

Consider the null hypothesis that there is no significance between here types of snow conditions.

Null Hypothesis: Ho:μpowder= μmachine made= μhard packed

That is, there is no difference between three means.

Alternative Hypothesis:

Ha: μ2=0

That is at least two of the means are different from each other.

Rejection Rule:

If the p-value< = (0.05), then reject the null hypothesis

Output of ANOVA:

Obtain the value of p is 0.081.

The F distribution is used for the test of three different means.

e. The value of the test statistic is 3.12.

f. The p-value for the test is 0.08.

g. The graph of the distribution is given as below:

h.

a. Level of significance ᾀ is 0.05.

b. Reason for decision: P-value is 0.08, which is greater than the 0.05 level of significance.

c. The mean numbers of daily visitors to a ski resort are same or three types of snow conditions