Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process? 1)

A) concentration gradient
B) ATP
C) transporter proteins
D) aquaporins
E) plasma membrane
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? 2)

A) They reproduce by binary fission.
B) They lack a plasma membrane.
C) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
D) They typically have a circular chromosome.
E) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 4.3

3) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins? 3)

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

4) In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically 4)

A) stay the same.
B) plasmolyze.
C) lyse.
D) burst.
E) osmolyze.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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5) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? 5)
A) the plasma membrane
B) surrounding flagella
C) ribosomes
D) around organelles
E) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 4.1

6) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament? 6)

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme? 7)
A) The cell will plasmolyze.
B) Water will leave the cell.
C) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
D) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 8) How do spirochetes and spirilla differ? 8)
A) Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.
B) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.
C) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used
interchangeably.
D) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
E) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? 9)

A) gas vacuoles - flotation
B) sulfur granules - energy reserve
C) metachromatic granules - phosphate storage
D) lipid inclusions - energy reserve
E) ribosomes - protein storage
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) The DNA found in most bacterial cells 10)

A) is linear in structure.
B) is circular in structure.
C) is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
D) is found in multiple copies.
E) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11) Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells? 11)
A) axial filament
B) peritrichous flagella
C) flagellum
D) pilus
E) cilium
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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12) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? 12)
A) flagella
B) around organelles
C) the plasma membrane
D) ribosomes
E) the plasma membrane and around organelles
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 4.3

13) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)? 13)
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 4.1

14) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci? 14)

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a 15)
solution containing 5 percent NaCl?
A) Water will move out of the cell.
B) Water will move into the cell.
C) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
D) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16) Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of 16)
A) decreased synthesis of peptidoglycan.
B) plasmolysis.
C) osmotic lysis.
D) cell shrinkage.
E) inhibition of molecular transport.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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17) In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in 17)
A) cytoplasm.
B) chloroplasts.
C) ribosomes.
D) chromatophores.
E) mesosomes.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 4.3

18) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis? 18)
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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19) Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE? 19)
A) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
B) They are sensitive to penicillin.
C) They are toxic to humans.
D) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and
phospholipids.
E) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20) By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher 20)
concentration?
A) aquaporins
B) extracellular enzymes
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) simple diffusion
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8
 Figure 4.3

21) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall possesses molecules responsible for symptoms 21)
associated with infection?
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) Which of the following is NOT a functionally analogous pair? 22)

A) cilia - pili
B) 9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella
C) chloroplasts - thylakoids
D) nucleus -nucleiod region
E) mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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23) The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with 23)
A) cell membrane synthesis.
B) cell wall fluidity.
C) taxic movements of the cell.
D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)

24) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? 24)

A) It may require a transport protein.
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.
D) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a
transport protein.
E) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of
higher concentration.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 Figure 4.3

25) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall? 25)
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 4.2

26) Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? 26)
A) lophotrichous flagella
B) monotrichous flagella
C) axial filament
D) amphitrichous flagella
E) peritrichous flagella
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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27) Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT 27)
A) it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
B) it is sensitive to lysozyme.
C) it maintains the shape of the cell.
D) it is sensitive to penicillin.
E) it contains teichoic acids.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell? 28)
A) mitochondrion
B) cell wall
C) Golgi complex
D) vacuole
E) nucleus
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) Which of the following statements is TRUE? 29)

A) A cell can produce many endospores.
B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.
C) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
D) Endospores are for reproduction.
E) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

30) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 30)

A) mitochondria ATP production
B) lysosome digestive enzymes
C) Golgi complex secretion
D) centrosome food storage
E) endoplasmic reticulum internal transport
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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31) Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. 31)
The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following
would most likely be used to lyse the bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?
A) alcohol
B) mycolic acid
C) polymixins
D) lysozyme
E) water
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that 32)
the cell
A) has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
B) lives in an extreme environment.
C) has a mitochondrion.
D) has a cell wall.
E) has cilia.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Which of the following are NOT energy reserves? 33)

A) sulfur granules
B) carboxysomes
C) polysaccharide granules
D) lipid inclusions
E) metachromatic granules
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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34) Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane 34)
A) through simple diffusion.
B) with the help of a nonspecific transporter.
C) by osmosis.
D) through facilitated diffusion.
E) through porins.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

35) Which of the following is NOT found in mitochondria and prokaryotes? 35)
A) ATP-generating mechanism
B) binary fission
C) cell wall
D) 70S ribosomes
E) circular chromosome
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

36) Fimbriae and pili differ in that 36)

A) there are only one or two pili per cell.
B) pili are used for motility.
C) pili are used to transfer DNA.
D) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.
E) pili are used for attachment to surfaces.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes? 37)
A) contains cholesterol
B) contains proteins
C) composed of a phospholipid bilayer
D) site of energy production
E) is selectively permeable
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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38) Which of the following have a cell wall? 38)
A) animal cells
B) mycoplasmas
C) L forms
D) protoplasts
E) fungi
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 4.1

39) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? 39)

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) Which structure acts like an “invisibility cloak” and protects bacteria from being phagocytized? 40)
A) capsule
B) cell wall
C) fimbriae
D) slime layer
E) cell membrane
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15
 Figure 4.3

41) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol? 41)
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

42) The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion 42)
A) moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
B) requires transporter proteins.
C) requires ATP.
D) does not require ATP.
E) moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16
 Figure 4.3

43) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids? 43)
A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT 44)
A) biofilm formation.
B) source of nutrition.
C) increased virulence.
D) binary fission.
E) protection against dehydration.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

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 45) A gram-positive bacteria suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most 45)
likely occurred due to
A) meisosis.
B) conjugation.
C) binary fission.
D) transformation.
E) transduction.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

46) Many enzymes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized within organelles. 46)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

47) Spheroplasts, protoplasts, and mycoplasms are bacterial cells without cell walls. 47)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

48) Cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure. 48)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

49) If you observe rod-shaped red cells after the Gram stain, you can assume their cell walls contain 49)
endotoxin.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

50) The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the 50)
Gram stain reaction.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

51) Antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria. 51)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

52) The number of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is 52)
the same in all eukaryotic cells.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

53) The internal structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are the same. 53)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

18
 54) Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion. 54)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

55) Endospores are a reproductive structure. 55)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

56) Compare and contrast the characteristics of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Answer:

57) Provide evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Answer:

58) Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to
antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol.
Answer:

59) What is a biofilm and what role does biofilm play in disease?
Answer:

19
Answer Key
Testname: C4

1) B
2) B
3) A
4) B
5) E
6) A
7) D
8) D
9) E
10) B
11) E
12) C
13) B
14) D
15) A
16) C
17) D
18) C
19) B
20) D
21) B
22) A
23) C
24) D
25) B
26) A
27) A
28) A
29) B
30) D
31) D
32) D
33) B
34) A
35) C
36) D
37) A
38) E
39) B
40) A
41) B
42) B
43) A
44) D
45) B
46) FALSE
47) TRUE
48) FALSE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
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Answer Key
Testname: C4

51) TRUE
52) FALSE
53) TRUE
54) TRUE
55) FALSE
56)
57)
58)
59)

21