"YEAR OF THE DIALOGUE AND THE NATIONAL RECONCILIATION"

HOMEWORK N° 1

COURSE: TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

PROFESSOR: SANCHEZ NAVARRO, ALEX MANUEL
BLOCK: FC-PREINGCIV07A1T
SEMESTER: 2018-2

STUDENTS CODES
ARGOTT ESCOBEDO, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES 1420794
RIVAS LUNA, JUAN MARX 1421229

LIMA-PERU
2018
 INTRODUCTION

Transportation engineering is part of Civil Engineering, which provides with the basis for
planning new transportation infrastructure and provide solutions to existing infrastructure.
Traffic engineering provides the methods for collecting and analyzing traffic data to provide
solution to congestion problems in small and large cities.

Traffic data collection is the most important task when conducting traffic engineering studies.
Collecting traffic data is the most important task in transportation analysis. It is important to
determine current and future demand conditions.

There are diverse methods for collecting traffic data, conventional ones like manual counts and
modern methods, which use the technology. In order to carry out adequate traffic studies, it is
necessary to know different terms that will lead us to determine the state of the roadway. Some
of these concepts are: AADT, ADT, DHV, DDHV, etc.

Spot speed studies are important for setting actual speed limits and also for comparing legal and
operating speed for safety purpose.
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TASK

1.Based on the 365 days count data, determine:

• Design hour volume (DHV)

➢ DHV

𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝟑𝟎𝒕𝒉 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒍𝒚 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒗𝒆𝒉/𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓

• Draw a graph: hours vs. hourly traffic volume, indicating in the graph the DHV.

• Explain how you determine the DHV.

The design hour volume (DHV) is the volume of traffic during one hour that is used as an
acceptable operating condition for highway planning and design purposes. A commonly used
methodology to synthesize DHV is to develop a consistent and predictable relationship between
the average annual daily traffic (AADT) and the 30HV.We get the 30th percentile of the hourly
volume so we get the DHV as a result.
2.Using the 10-hour volume count determine:

Total number east-weast 10951 Total number of trucks 2498

Total number weast-east 14068
Total number of vehicles 25019 Total number of buses 179

• The peak hour factor (PHF) at morning, at afternoon and at evening .

➢ PHF
𝑷𝑯𝑽
𝑷𝑯𝑭 =
𝟒 ∗ 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙

➢ PHV

𝑷𝑯𝑽 = ∑ 𝟒 𝑮𝑹𝑬𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑹 𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑺𝑬𝑪𝑼𝑻𝑰𝑽𝑬 𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑴𝑬𝑺

➢ Using the formulas you get the following results

MORNING
PHV 3242
PHF 0.931609195

AFTERNOON
PHV 2546
PHF 0.9415680

EVENING
PHV 2878
PHF 0.8882716

• D – Directional factor

➢ D: Factor reflecting the proportion of peak-hour traffic traveling in the peak direction

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 − 𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕

𝐃=
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟖

• PT - Percentage of trucks

➢ PT
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒔
𝑷𝑻 =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝑷𝑻 = 𝟗. 𝟗𝟖%
• PB – Percentage of buses

➢ PB
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒔
𝑷𝑩 =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝑷𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐%

3.Using the Speed data determine:

• Determine the space mean speed (SMS) and time mean speed (TMS) for each direction.
➢ TMS

∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝑼𝒊
𝑼𝒕 =
𝒏
➢ SMS
𝒏
𝑼𝒔 =
𝟏
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏
𝑼𝒊

➢ Using the formulas we obtain the following results

TMS E-W SMS E-W TMS W-E SMS W-E

58.08 kph 55.04 kph 57.47 kph 55.08 kph

• If the legal speed is 45kph, what you can say regarding to the operation of this
roadway.

The actual speed used is higher than the legal speed should carry out new studies to establish
a new legal speed according to reality, likewise the speed of operation on this road must be
revised and even the design of it, as well as a study of accidents in the area, because the
vehicles use it at a higher speed.

• What would be the new speed limit based on this speed study. Explain.

The new speed limit base in this speed study is 70.07 kph because the 85th percentile is often
used to determine speed limits on roads and a speed at which 85 percent of people drive is
considered the highest safe speed for that road.
• Find the descriptive statistics of the data and create a histogram and a percentile graph.

➢ FOR E-W

Min. 24.13

Max. 95.70

N° of intervals (1+3.332logN) 9

Breadth of data 71.57

C 8.26

Percentage Cumulative
Class Class Of percentage
Speed midvalue frequency observations of all
E-W class (Ui) (Fi) FiUi in class observations
1 [24.13-32.39> 28.26 4 113.04 2 2
2 [32.39-40.65> 36.52 11 401.72 5.5 7.5
3 [40.65-48.91> 44.78 37 1656.86 18.5 26
4 [48.91-57.17> 53.04 39 2068.56 19.5 45.5
5 [57.17-65.43> 61.3 54 3310.2 27 72.5
6 [65.43-73.69> 69.56 35 2434.6 17.5 90
7 [73.69-81.95> 77.82 15 1167.3 7.5 97.5
8 [81.95-90.21> 86.08 4 344.32 2 99.5
9 [90.21-98.47> 94.34 1 94.34 0.5 100
Total 200 11590.94 100
Cumulative frequency

Vehicle speed

➢ FOR W-E

Min. 28.16

Max. 88.24

N° of intervals (1+3.332logN) 9

Breadth of data 60.08

C 6.93

Percentage Cumulative
Class Class
Speed of Percentage
W-E Midvalue Frequency FiUi
class observations of all
Ui (Fi)
in class observations
1 [28.16-35.09> 31.625 5.00 158.125 2.5 2.5
2 [35.09-42.02> 38.555 11.00 424.105 5.5 8
3 [42.02-48.95> 45.485 31.00 1410.035 15.5 23.5
4 [48.95-55.88> 52.415 47.00 2463.505 23.5 47
5 [55.88-62.81> 59.345 38.00 2255.11 19 66
6 [62.81-69.74> 66.275 42.00 2783.55 21 87
7 [69.74-76.67> 73.205 17.00 1244.485 8.5 95.5
8 [76.67-83.60> 80.135 6.00 480.81 3 98.5
9 [83.60-90.53] 87.065 3.00 261.195 1.5 100
Total 200.00 11480.92
4.From your speed data, assume that the maximum speed you have obtained is the

“Free Flow Speed”, with this speed and table 01 you can obtain the qm for the facility.

Draw the diagrams Flow-Density-Speed for this roadway section.

➢ We know that equations:

𝒒=𝒖∗𝒌
𝒖
𝒌 = 𝒌𝒋 (𝟏 − )
𝒖𝒇
𝒖𝒇 𝒙𝒌𝒋
𝒒𝒎 =
𝟒
𝒌
𝒖 = 𝒖𝒇 (𝟏 − )
𝒌𝒋

➢ Assuming the maximum velocity from the data of speed in two lines in the study is
𝒖𝒇
𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑢𝑓 = 95.70, we deduced that 𝑘 = 0 in this speed, also can obtain 𝒖𝒎 = 𝟐
=

𝟒𝟕. 𝟖𝟓 , interpolating 𝒒𝒎 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟗 so 𝒌𝒎 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟎 and 𝒌𝒋 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝒌𝒎 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎

➢ We can write the equations of the relationships between speed versus density, density
versus flow and speed versus flow, then we plot the diagrams.
➢ With this we know that : 𝒖𝒇 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟕𝟎; 𝒖𝒎 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟖𝟓; 𝒌𝒎 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 and 𝒒𝒎 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟗.
➢ Equation of speed with respect to density
Where: 𝒌𝒋 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎, 𝒌𝒎 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟎
 𝒌
𝒖 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟕𝟎 (𝟏 − )
𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎

Table 1 Density vs speed

Density (k) Speed (u)

0 95.70
10 82.14
15 75.37
20 68.59
25 61.81
30 55.03
35.3 47.85
40 41.48
45 34.70
50 27.92
60 14.37
65 7.59
70.6 0.00

Density vs Speed
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
35.3; 47.85
60.00
Speed

50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Density

Illustration 1 density vs speed

➢ Equation of flow with respect to density

Where: 𝒌𝒋 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎, 𝒌𝒎 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟎

𝒌
𝒒 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟕𝟎𝒌 ∗ (𝟏 − )
𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎
 Table 2 Density vs flow

Density Flow
0 0
5 445
10 821
20 1372
25 1545
30 1651
35.3 1689
40 1659
50 1396
55 1163
60 862
65 493
70.6 0

Density vs flow
1800
1600
1400
1200 35.3; 1689
1000
flow

800
600
400 Uncongested congested
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Density

Illustration 2 Density vs flow

➢ Equation of flow with respect to speed

Where: 𝒖𝒇 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟕𝟎, 𝒖𝒎 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟖𝟓

𝒖
𝒒 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝒖 (𝟏 − )
𝟗𝟓. 𝟕𝟎
 Table 3 flow vs speed

Flow Speed
0 0
335 5
893 15
1117 20
1304 25
1454 30
1567 35
1644 40
1689 47.85
1651 55
1580 60
1472 65
1327 70
1145 75
927 80
671 85
0 95.7

Flow vs Speed
120

100
1689; 47.85

80
Uncongest
speed

60 ed

40
Congested
20

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
flow

Illustration 3 flow vs speed