EXERCISE 1:

From the results of RUN 1 and RUN 2 in table 4.1 and 4.2, neglecting the resistance of
the inductor, calculate for each trial the power factor of the circuit, the value of loading
resistance R and the total power in watts and enter them in the respective table.

RUN 1:

TABLE 4.1

TRIAL VS VL VR I(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 7V 1.1V 6.6V 1.15 5.74 7.59 0.94
2 7V 2.1V 6.1V 2.33 2.62 14.21 0.87
3 7V 3.2V 5.3V 3.26 1.46 19.19 0.75
4 7V 4.2V 4.5V 4.71 0.96 21.20 0.64

FORMULAS:

𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝑅
R= PT = I VR P.F =
𝐼 𝑉𝑆

TRIAL 1

6.6𝑉 6.6𝑉
R= = 5.74 KΩ PT = (1.15mA)(6.6V) = 7.59mW P.F = = 0.94
1.15𝑚𝐴 7𝑉

TRIAL 2

6.1𝑉 6.1𝑉
R= = 2.62 KΩ PT = (2.33mA)(6.1V) = 14.21mW P.F = = 0.87
2.33𝑚𝐴 7𝑉

TRIAL 3

5.3𝑉 5.3𝑉
R= = 1.46 KΩ PT = (3.26mA)(5.3V) = 19.19mW P.F = = 0.75
3.26𝑚𝐴 7𝑉

TRIAL 4

4.5𝑉 4.5𝑉
R= = 0.96 KΩ PT = (0.96mA)(4.2V) = 21.20mW P.F = = 0.64
4.71𝑚𝐴 7𝑉
RUN 2:

TABLE 4.2

TRIAL VS IT(mA) IR(mA) IL(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 6.95V 10.9 1.9 7.5 7.66 17.22 0.17
2 6.95V 11.5 3.3 7.5 2.11 22.97 0.29
3 6.95V 12.8 5.6 7.5 1.24 38.98 0.44
4 6.95V 14.5 8.4 7.5 0.83 55.46 0.58

FORMULAS:

𝑉𝑆 𝐼𝑅
R= PT = IR VS P.F =
𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑇

TRIAL 1

6.95𝑉 1.9𝑚𝐴
R= = 7.66 KΩ PT = (1.9mA)(6.95V) = 17.22mW P.F = = 0.17
1.9𝑚𝐴 10.9𝑚𝐴

TRIAL 2

6.95𝑉 3.3𝑚𝐴
R= = 2.11 KΩ PT = (3.3mA)(6.95V) = 22.97mW P.F = = 0.99
3.3𝑚𝐴 11.5𝑚𝐴

TRIAL 3

6.95𝑉 5.6𝑚𝐴
R= = 1.24 KΩ PT = (5.6mA)(6.95V) = 38.98mW P.F = = 0.44
5.6𝑚𝐴 12.8𝑚𝐴

TRIAL 4

6.95𝑉 8.4𝑚𝐴
R= = 0.83 KΩ PT = (8.4mA)(6.95V) = 55.46mW P.F = = 0.58
8.4𝑚𝐴 14.5𝑚𝐴
EXERCIES 2

Plot the graph of the power factor P.F, vs, resistance R of the table 4.1 and table 4.2
using the axes suggested in figure 4.9.

FOR RUN1:

FOR RUN2:
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:
1. From data of Table 4.1 in Run 1, for each trial, neglecting the resistance of
the inductor, compute the vector sum of voltages VR and VL using
Pythagorean equation and compare this with the value of supply voltage V s.
What do the values indicate?

Trial 1
Vector sum = √(𝑉𝐿)2 + (𝑉𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(1.1)2 + (6.6)2
Vector sum = 6.69 V; smaller than VS (7 V).

Trial 2:
Vector sum = √(𝑉𝐿)2 + (𝑉𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(2.1)2 + (6.1)2
Vector sum = 6.45 V; smaller than VS (7 V).

Trial 3
Vector sum = √(𝑉𝐿)2 + (𝑉𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(3.2)2 + (5.3)2
Vector sum = 6.19 V; smaller than VS (7 V).

Trial 4:
Vector sum = √(𝑉𝐿)2 + (𝑉𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(4.2)2 + (4.5)2
Vector sum = 6.16 V; smaller than VS (7 V).

2. From data of Table 4.2 in Run 2, for each trial, compute the vector sum of
currents IR and IL using Pythagorean equation and compare this with the
value of total current IT. What do the values indicate?

Trial 1
Vector sum = √(𝐼𝐿)2 + (𝐼𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(7.5 𝑚𝐴)2 + (1.9 𝑚𝐴)2
Vector sum = 7.74 mA; smaller than IT (10.9 mA).

Trial 2
Vector sum = √(𝐼𝐿)2 + (𝐼𝑅)2
 Vector sum = √(7.5 𝑚𝐴)2 + (3.3 𝑚𝐴)2
Vector sum = 8.19 mA; smaller than IT (11.5 mA).

Trial 3
Vector sum = √(𝐼𝐿)2 + (𝐼𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(7.5 𝑚𝐴)2 + (5.6 𝑚𝐴)2
Vector sum = 9.36 mA; smaller than IT (12.8 mA).

Trial 4
Vector sum = √(𝐼𝐿)2 + (𝐼𝑅)2
Vector sum = √(7.5 𝑚𝐴)2 + (8.4 𝑚𝐴)2
Vector sum = 11.26 mA; smaller than IT (14.5 mA)

3. What generalization can be drawn regarding the plot of Power Factor (P.F.)
vs. resistance R of Table 4.1 and of Table 4.2 in Figure 4.9?

For table 4.1, I can say that as the resistance decreases, the power factor
also decreases.

For table 4.2, I can say that as the resistance increases, the power factor also
increases.

Therefore I can say that the resistance is directly proportional to the power
factor.

4. For each trial of 4.2, calculate the power dissipated in the resistance and
compare this with the value of the total power PT. What do the values
indicate?

Trial 1 Trial 3

P = VsIR P = VsIR

P = (6.95 V) (1.9 mA) P = (6.95 V) (5.6 mA)

P = 13.21mW P = 38.92mW
 Trial 2 Trial 4

P = V s IR P = V s IR

P = (6.95 V) (3.3 mA) P = (6.95 V) (8.4 mA)

P = 22.94mW P = 58.38mW

5. A series circuit consisting of 10 ohm resistance and a coil having 5 ohm

resistance and 0.05 inductance is connected to a 220-volt, 60-hertz source.
Determine the current, power factor of the circuit, total real power and the
voltage drop across the coil.

6. A coil consumes 1000 watts and draws 20 A from 220 V, 60 Hz supply. If a

100 ohm resistance is connected in parallel with the coil, find the current in
each branch and the total current, the total impedance, overall power factor
and the total real power of the circuit.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

RUN 1:

TABLE 4.1

TRIAL VS VL VR I(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 7V 1.1V 6.6V 1.15 5.74 7.59 0.94
2 7V 2.1V 6.1V 2.33 2.62 14.21 0.87
3 7V 3.2V 5.3V 3.26 1.46 19.19 0.75
4 7V 4.2V 4.5V 4.71 0.96 21.20 0.64

This table shows all the measured values for RUN 1. As you can see the value of the Vs
remains constant. As we toggle the switch of the resistor to make it parallel, the voltage
across the inductor VL is decreasing while the voltage across the resistor VR is
𝑉𝑅
increasing. For the values of R we used the formula R = observing the values that
𝐼
we computed, the value of R is inversely proportional to the values of the current I in
other words, as the current increases the value of the resistance decreases.

Now for the value of the PT we used the formula PT = I VR after the computation of the
PT I can say it’s directly proportional to the current. Lastly for the values of the power
𝑉𝑅
factor P.F. we used the formula P.F = . As the voltage across the resistor VR
𝑉𝑆
increases the power factor also increases.

RUN 2:

TABLE 4.2

TRIAL VS IT(mA) IR(mA) IL(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 6.95V 10.9 1.9 7.5 7.66 17.22 0.17
2 6.95V 11.5 3.3 7.5 2.11 22.97 0.29
3 6.95V 12.8 5.6 7.5 1.24 38.98 0.44
4 6.95V 14.5 8.4 7.5 0.83 55.46 0.58

For this table, it shows the measured values for RUN 2.

As you can see the values of Vs and IL remains constant in this run. The IT has a
decreasing value while the IR has an increasing value.
 𝑉𝑆
For the value of the resistance R we used the formula R = after the computation. As
𝐼𝑅
I observed the value of the resistance is decreasing as the current IR is increasing. For
the PT we used the formula PT = IR VS the values of the PT is directly proportional on
the current across the resistor IR. Or as the current IR increases the PT also increases.
𝐼𝑅
Lastly for the value of the power factor we used the formula P.F = the power factor is
𝐼𝑇
directly proportional to the IT and IR or as the IT and IR increases the power factor P.F.
also increases.

GRAPHS:

RUN1:

Base on my observation the graph of the power factor vs. resistance for the run 1 is a
decreasing graph.
RUN2:

Unlike in the RUN 1, the graph of the power factor vs resistance in RUN 2 is an
increasing graph.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION:

At the end of this experiment I can say that we are able to familiarize the

relationship of the voltage and current in a series and parallel R-L circuits.

For RUN 1 I can conclude that the relationship of the voltage across the

resistor is directly proportional to the resistance. While the relationship of

the voltage across the resistor is directly proportional to the PT, as the VR

increases the PT also increases. Lastly the relationship of the VR and

power factor P.F. is also directly proportional to each other.

For RUN 2 I can conclude that the current across the resistor is directly

proportional to the PT and the power factor P.F. meaning as the current

across the resistor increases the PT and P.F. also increases.

I can say that we successfully perform the experiment because we meet

the values that we expect to have .

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
RL Series Circuit. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2017, from
http://www.electrical4u.com/rl-series-circuit/

RL Parallel Circuit. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2017, from

http://www.electrical4u.com/rl-parallel-circuit/