Membrane Bioreactor Systems

ANSI/AWWA B130-13
(First Edition)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Membrane Bioreactor
Systems
SM
Effective date: April 1, 2013.

This first edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 20, 2013.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Jan 30, 2013.
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ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-927-0 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-222-3

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ii

Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Subcommittee on Membrane Bioreactors, which reviewed and approved
this standard, had the following personnel at the time:
Kelly P. Lange-Haider, Chair
General Interest Members
D.R. Brown, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
W.J. Conlon, Parsons Brinckerhoff Inc., Tampa, Fla. (AWWA)
G.V. Crawford, CH2M HILL, Toronto, Ont. (AWWA)
F.G. Edwards, Univ. of Arkansas Dept. of Civil Engineering, Fayetteville, Ark. (AWWA)
S.D. Levesque, Black & Veatch, Alpharetta, Ga. (AWWA)
M.L. Pellegrin, HDR Engineering Inc., Austin, Texas (AWWA)
Producer Members
K.P. Lange-Haider, Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn. (AWWA)

P.M. O’Connell, Pall Corporation, Cortland, N.Y. (AWWA)
M. Singh, Koch Membrane Systems, Wilmington, Mass. (AWWA)
M.T. Sparks, Kruger Inc., Cary, N.C. (AWWA)
B. Woods, Siemens Water Technologies, Waukesha, Wis. (AWWA)
User Members
H. Seah, Public Utilities Board, Singapore (AWWA)
The AWWA Standards Committee on Membranes, which reviewed and approved this standard,
had the following personnel at the time:
Scott Freeman, Chair
General Interest Members
R.P. Arber, Hatch Mott Macdonald, Lakewood, Colo. (AWWA)

M.H. Beebe,* Hatch Mott Macdonald, Lakewood, Colo. (AWWA)
R.A. Bergman, CH2M HILL, Gainesville, Fla. (AWWA)
* Alternate
iii

D.R. Brown, AECOM, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
W.J. Conlon, Parsons Brinckerhoff Inc., Land O’Lakes, Fla. (AWWA)
F.G. Edwards, Univ. of Arkansas Dept. of Civil Engineering, Fayetteville, Ark. (AWWA)
S.D.N. Freeman, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
T.J. McCandless,* Standards Engineer Liaison, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
I. Moch, I. Moch & Associates Inc., Wilmington, Del. (AWWA)
R. Morgan,* Standards Council Liaison, Lowell, Ark. (AWWA)
R.K. Noack, HDR Engineering Inc., Tampa, Fla. (AWWA)
D.J. Paulson, Water Think Tank LLC, Minnetonka, Minn. (AWWA)
A.J. Slotterback, Burns & McDonnell Engineering, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
H. Steiman, Science Applications International Corporation, Framingham, Mass. (AWWA)
W.S. Walker, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (AWWA)
Producer Members
P.M. Gallagher, Siemens Industry Inc., Lowell, Mass. (AWWA)

K.P. Lange-Haider, Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn. (AWWA)
B. Mack, Veolia Water Solutions & Technology, Natick, Mass. (AWWA)
W. Musiak, PENTAIR X-Flow NA, Watertown, Mass. (AWWA)
M. Singh, Koch Membrane Systems, Wilmington, Mass. (AWWA)
J. Swiezbin, Pall Corporation, Cortland, N.Y. (AWWA)
A.J. von Gottberg,† Koch Membranes Inc., Cambridge, Mass. (AWWA)
User Members
A.M. Bankston, Minneapolis Water Works, Minneapolis, Minn. (AWWA)

R.C. Cheng, Long Beach Water Department, Long Beach, Calif. (AWWA)
M.D. Meadows, City of Killeen Engineering Department, Killeen, Texas (AWWA)
J.T. Morris, Metropolitan Water District, San Marino, Calif. (AWWA)
R.H. Sakaji, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif. (AWWA)
H. Seah, Public Utilities Board, Singapore (AWWA)
T. Suydam, San Diego County Water Authority, Escondido, Calif. (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
† Alternate
iv

Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.5 Performance Criteria........................ 12

I Introduction..................................... vii 4.6 Products/Components...................... 13
I.A Background...................................... vii
5 Verification
I.B History............................................. vii
5.1 Installation....................................... 16
II Special Issues................................... viii
5.2 Startup and Commissioning............. 16
III Use of This Standard....................... viii
5.3 Training........................................... 17
III.A Purchaser Options and
5.4 Field Testing..................................... 17
Alternatives............................... viii
III.B Modification to Standard................ viii 6 Delivery
IV Major Revisions............................... viii 6.1 Packaging......................................... 18
V Comments...................................... viii 6.2 Shipping, Handling, and Storage..... 19
6.3 Notice of Nonconformance.............. 19
Standard 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance................... 19
1 General
1.1 Scope................................................. 1 Appendixes
A Bibliography..................................... 21
1.2 Purpose.............................................. 1
B System Description Table................. 23
1.3 Application......................................... 1
2 References......................................... 1 Tables
1 Typical Membrane Element/Module
3 Definitions........................................ 2
Characteristics by Membrane
4 Requirements Type............................................. 7
4.1 Materials............................................ 6 2 Raw and/or Feedwater Characteristics
4.2 System Requirements......................... 6 to Be Provided............................ 11
4.3 Data to Be Provided by System B.1 MF/UF System(s)............................. 23

Manufacturer or Supplier............. 7
4.4 Water Flow and Water Quality Data
Requirements............................. 10

This page intentionally blank.

Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B130-13.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. The purpose of ANSI/AWWA B130-13 is to provide
purchasers with a standard for the purchase and installation of membrane bioreactor
(MBR) treatment systems.
A wealth of information about MBRs and their design is available from various
sources, including Journal - AWWA, Water Treatment Plant Design,† Water Quality and
Treatment,‡ and other references listed in Appendix A.
I.B. History. The MBR process was introduced by the late 1960s, as soon
as commercial-scale ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes were
available. The concept of replacing the settling tank of the conventional activated-
sludge process with a filtration membrane was attractive, but it was difficult to justify
the use of such a process because of the high cost of membranes, low economic value
of the product (tertiary effluent), and the potentially rapid loss of performance caused
by membrane fouling.
The breakthrough for the MBR came in 1989 with the idea of submerging mem-
branes in the bioreactor. Until then, MBRs generally had the separation device located
external to the reactor (sidestream MBR) and relied on high transmembrane pressure
(TMP) to maintain filtration.
Regulatory concerns may or may not be the primary drivers for the use of MBR
treatment systems by a municipality, but in all cases the regulations must be assessed
for applicability.
This MBR standard is intended to aid purchasers in the selection and procure-
ment of MBR treatment systems and in the regulatory permitting process. This stan-
dard should be considered as a guideline with minimum requirements to ensure the
required elements of planning, procurement, selection, construction, and commission-
ing of an MBR-based treatment system. However, its proper application requires it to
be coupled with a thorough professional review of the specific water treatment case and
site-specific conditions.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10035.
† Water Treatment Plant Design, Fifth Edition, AWWA and ASCE, McGraw-Hill (2012).
‡ Water Quality & Treatment, Sixth Edition, AWWA, McGraw-Hill (2010).
vii

The AWWA Standards Council authorized a new AWWA standard for membrane
biological treatment systems on March 2, 2009, and assigned the task of development
to the AWWA Standards Committee on Membrane Standards.
This first edition of the new standard ANSI/AWWA B130-13, Membrane Bioreac-
tor Systems, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 20, 2013. The
standard was approved and promulgated in the course of the activities of the AWWA
Standards Committee on Membrane Standards.
II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this
section.
III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be
provided by the purchaser:
1. Standard used, that is, ANSI/AWWA B130-13, Membrane Bioreactor
Systems, of latest revision.
2. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1.1).
3. Required spare parts (Sec. 4.6.6.1).
4. Plant inspection requirements (Sec. 5.1.2).
5. Request for a copy of a written quality control and inspection practices
(Sec. 5.1.3).
6. Installation requirements (Sec. 5.1.5).
7. Definition of responsibilities during startup (Sec. 5.2.1.1).
8. Demonstration testing requirements (Sec. 5.4.3).
9. Performance testing requirements (Sec. 5.4.4).
10. Performance test report requirements (Sec. 5.4.5).
11. Affidavit of Compliance requirements (Sec. 6.4).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. This is the first edition of this standard.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, fax at
303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or email at standards@awwa.org.
viii

ANSI/AWWA B130-13
(First Edition)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Membrane Bioreactor Systems
SECTION 1: General
Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard sets minimum requirements for membrane bioreactor (MBR)
systems for water reclamation and/or wastewater treatment systems.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide a minimum set of requirements for
submerged and sidestream-type MBR systems used for water reclamation and/or
wastewater treatment systems. This standard is intended to assist with the design,
procurement, installation, and commissioning of MBR systems.
Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced for design, procurement, installation, and
commissioning of MBR systems used for water reclamation and/or wastewater
treatment systems.
SECTION 2: References
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any
case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
1
2 AWWA B130-13
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. Membrane Filtration Guidance

Manual. Office of Water, EPA 815-R 06-009, Washington, D.C.
SECTION 3: Definitions
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1. Activated sludge: The biologically active solids in the process.
2. Activated sludge process: A biological treatment process where flocculated
microorganisms are suspended in wastewater to facilitate the removal of organic
matter and nutrients.
3. Aerobic: Condition in which oxygen is the primary electron acceptor in
a microbial process.
4. Aerobic solids retention time: The dwell time for solids under aerobic
digestion conditions in the containment vessel (e.g., activated sludge tank) in an
aerobic treatment process.
5. Air scour: Vigorous aeration along the membrane used to reduce the
physical deposition of membrane foulants in the membrane cake layer.
6. Anaerobic: Condition characterized by the absence of oxygen, nitrate, or
nitrite as available electron acceptors.
7. Anoxic: Condition in which nitrate or nitrite is the primary electron
acceptor.
8. Backwash (BW): Pumping permeate water or a mixture of chemical and
permeate water through the membrane in the reverse direction of flow when filter-
ing water.
9. Biofilm: An accumulation of microbial growth on the surface of an
object.
10. Bioreactor: An engineered device in which the microorganisms grow
and propagate to break down organic and inorganic matter in wastewater.
11. Chemical cleaning: The removal of membrane foulants from the mem-
brane surface and within the membrane pores through use of chemical reagents
mixed with permeate.
12. Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB): Short-duration chemical clean-
ing with less aggressive chemicals to maintain membrane permeability.
13. Cleaning: An operation during which membrane is cleaned using a
membrane cleaning system.

Membrane Bioreactor Systems 3
14. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment of installation.
15. Crossflow: Flow through a membrane module in which the fluid on
the upstream side of the membrane moves parallel to the membrane surface. Fluid
on the downstream side of the membrane moves away from the membrane in the
direction normal to the membrane surface. This hydraulic configuration is typical
of some inside-out tubular membrane systems.
16. Dalton: A unit of mass equal to 1⁄12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom or
one atomic mass unit.
17. Flux: Permeate flow rate per unit membrane surface area. The unit of
measurement is gallons per day per square foot, which is abbreviated gpd/ft 2 or gfd
(also, liter per hour per square meter, which is abbreviated L/h·m2 or LMH).
18. Foulant: A soluble, colloidal, or particulate substance that causes mem-
brane fouling.
19. Fouling: Processes leading to deterioration of membrane flux due to
surface or internal blockage of the membrane.
20. Hollow fiber: Self-supporting cylinder containing membrane material
that has an outside diameter of less than 5 mm and a hollow bore (lumen) in the
center. The membrane surface for MBR systems is typically on the outside of the
fiber, and is porous or semipermeable to allow the passage of water while retaining
the suspended and, in some cases. colloidal particles in the feed flow.
21. Hydraulic retention time (HRT): The length of time that a given
hydraulic loading of wastewater or solids will be retained in a pipe, reactor, unit
process, or facility.
22. Instantaneous flux: The amount of water filtered through a collection of
membranes at any given moment divided by the membrane surface area in service.
23. Irreversible fouling: Fouling that cannot be removed physically or
chemically.
24. Large-membrane subunit: An assembly of small-membrane subunits
packaged together in a support structure and connected to a common permeate
manifold.
25. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
26. Material safety data sheet (MSDS or SDS): Documents obtained or
developed by chemical manufacturers and importers concerning each hazard-
ous chemical they produce or import describing information for safe transport,

4 AWWA B130-13
handling, and use. Employers are required to have a material safety data sheet in
the workplace for each hazardous chemical they use.
27. Maximum instantaneous flux: The maximum flux at any time or tem-
perature during operations. Units of measurement are the same as for flux.
28. Mechanical clean: The removal of membrane foulants, rags, and/or
debris by physically cleaning the membranes by hand or by gently spraying down
with water.
29. Membrane: An engineered material designed to remove solids (colloi-
dal or suspended) that are rejected from the system and that produces a stream
containing fewer colloids or particles, referred to as the permeate stream. Mem-
brane types in this standard include microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF).
30. Membrane cleaning system: Tanks, filtration devices, pumps, and asso-
ciated equipment and appurtenances that are periodically used to prepare and feed
chemical solutions to the membrane element(s) to recover lost performance.
31. Membrane fouling: The accumulation of contaminants on the mem-
brane surface or within the porous membrane structure that inhibits the passage of
water, thus decreasing membrane productivity.
32. Membrane system: The sum of all the membrane trains plus the ancil-
lary equipment required for membrane cleaning and operation.
33. Membrane train: An assembly of large-membrane subunits sharing
common permeate piping controls and pump.
34. Microfiltration (MF): Membrane filtration process with pore diameter
nominally in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 µm.
35. Mixed liquor: The mixture of activated sludge and wastewater being
treated.
36. Mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS): The total suspended solids con-
centration of the mixed liquor.
37. Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS): The volatile fraction of
the mixed liquor suspended solids.
38. Molecular weight cutoff (MWCO): The rating of a membrane based on
the size of uncharged solutes it will reject. Also referred to as nominal molecular
weight cutoff (NMWCO). Typically expressed in Daltons.
39. Net membrane production: The total volume of water filtered through
the membrane system in a given day minus any losses due to physical or chemi-
cal cleaning requirements, such as backwash, or other operations, and taking into

account downtime for operations that do not yield product. Units of measurement
are commonly gallons per day (gpd) or cubic meters per day (m3/d).
40. Permeability: Temperature-corrected flux divided by transmembrane
pressure. The unit of measurement is the same as flux units divided by pressure
units; therefore, gfd/psi (LMH/bar). Also called specific flux.
41. Permeate: Treated water that passes through the membrane.
42. Pore size: The size of the openings in a porous membrane expressed
either as nominal (average) or absolute (maximum), typically in terms of µm.
43. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking (domestic purposes).
44. Pretreatment: Any treatment applied to the feedwater of a membrane
process, generally to achieve desired water quality objectives and/or protect the
membrane from damage or fouling.
45. Programmable logic controller (PLC): A control device used for sequen-
tial control of processes or functions. Programmable logic controllers are easily
configured or programmed and have a full range of control and data display func-
tions, including erasable, programmable, read-only memory.
46. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
47. Recovery: The ratio of net permeate production to feed flow supplied
to the MBR system over a defined time period. Recovery is expressed as a percent.
48. Recovery clean: Cleaning with aggressive chemicals to recover mem-
brane permeability. Long-duration chemical cleaning that occurs after the mem-
brane tanks are drained of activated sludge.
49. Retentate: The water and other materials retained by the membrane.
50. Return activated sludge (RAS): Activated sludge that is returned to the
beginning of the activated sludge process to mix with raw or primary settled waste-
water.
51. Small-membrane subunit: The smallest component of a membrane unit
in which a specific membrane surface area is housed in a device with a feedwater
inlet, permeate, and concentrate or backwash outlet structure. The smallest assem-
bly of filtration equipment that is designed to be removed or replaced as an integral
piece.
52. Solids retention time (SRT): The average amount of time a microorgan-
ism is retained in the activated sludge process, calculated as the mass of solids in
the activated sludge process divided by the mass of solids wasted per day.

6 AWWA B130-13
53. Submerged: Membranes or membrane modules that are immersed in

a basin and use negative pressure or vacuum as the driving force for production.
54. Supplier: The party who supplies material or services. A supplier may
or may not be the manufacturer.
55. Specific aeration demand (SAD): The air required to maintain perme-
ability, with respect to membrane area (SADm in Nm3 air/hm2 ) or permeate vol-
ume (SADp in Nm3 air/m3 permeate).
56. Specific energy demand: The sum of energy required from pumping
feedwater, recycling retentate, permeate suction, and aeration for air scouring,
divided by the permeate flow, expressed as kWh/m3 (kWh/1,000 gallons).
57. Transmembrane pressure (TMP): The pressure difference across the
membrane, in psi (bars).
58. Ultrafiltration (UF): Membrane filtration process with pore diameter
nominally in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 µm.
59. Vacuum-driven: For an MBR system, the type in which the membrane
is contained in a vessel open to the atmosphere, and negative pressure (vacuum)
on membrane permeate side of the membrane barrier is used to transport water
through the membrane.
SECTION 4: Requirements
Sec. 4.1 Materials

4.1.1 Materials. Materials shall comply with the requirements of all
applicable regulations.
Sec. 4.2 System Requirements

4.2.1 Required equipment. Membrane systems for MBRs in accordance
with this standard shall include
a. Membrane elements/modules, cassettes, or train (see Table 1).
b. Support devices, such as a frame weldment for membranes, and piping.
c. Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings on the membrane unit, including per-
meate and air-scour piping and connections.
d. Online continuous monitoring of permeate turbidity as the method for
Membrane Integrity Testing.
e. Online monitoring of operational conditions.
f. Spare parts.

Table 1 Typical membrane element/module characteristics by membrane type*

Nominal Pore Size Typical Molecular Weight
Membrane Type (μm) Cutoff (daltons)
Microfiltration (MF) 0.1 to 0.5 >200,000
Ultrafiltration (UF) 0.005 to 0.1 10,000 to 200,000
*There is no consensus of opinion in industry for the precise definitions and membrane characteristics for mem-
brane equipment systems for MBRs. The typical membrane characteristics shown are considered applicable to
this standard and its use.
4.2.2 Excluded systems and facilities. Membrane systems for MBRs per
this standard do not include the following systems and facilities (although on any
particular project the membrane system scope could be modified to include any
items):
a. Biological process design of the MBR system.
b. Pretreatment (such as screening).
c. Tanks.
d. Anoxic and anaerobic zone mixers and pumps.
e. Process aeration equipment, including diffusers and air blower equipment.
f. Linings or coatings for tanks containing membrane equipment.
g. Return activated sludge pumps and piping.
h. Gates, drain valves, and drain pumps, for all tanks and channels.
i. MBR feed or permeate pump, recirculation system, and backwashing sys-
tem, as applicable.
j. Instrumentation other than that required for membrane process control
and integrity monitoring.
k. Chemical feed systems, including pumps and equipment for cleaning
chemicals.
l. Membrane tank.
Sec. 4.3 Data to Be Provided by System Manufacturer or Supplier

4.3.1 Data provided by the manufacturer or supplier with proposal. The
manufacturer or supplier of the Membrane Equipment System for an MBR shall
provide the following information:
a. Complete System Description Table (See appendix B).
b. Feedwater quality and membrane operating limits.
c. Flow, flux, and TMP at each design condition, including average, maxi-
mum month, peak day, and peak hour, at the specified MLSS concentration and

8 AWWA B130-13
water temperature, and with one or more trains, if specified by the purchaser, out
of service at production capacity.
d. Preliminary membrane equipment flow diagram and flow balance.
e. Preliminary instrumentation and control diagrams for the membrane
equipment system.
f. Preliminary layout drawing, tank dimensions, depths, weights, and
pressures.
g. Preliminary electrical one-line diagram.
h. List of major materials of construction and certification of compatibility
with the proposed operation.
i. List of cleaning (e.g., recovery cleaning, CEB, and maintenance cleaning)
procedures.
j. Statements indicating membrane equipment system materials are com-
patible with other systems to be used in the process, including pretreatment or
other process chemicals.
k. List of spare parts, special tools, and special services, including startup
and installation, that will be provided with the system.
l. List of proposed chemicals and storage requirements for use as membrane
preservative.
m. List of proposed chemicals and storage requirements and quantities for
startup, operations, and maintenance activities.
n. Services and equipment to be provided by others, including, if applicable,
services such as on-site erection and installation of membrane equipment and ele-
ment/module loading.
o. Confirmation that permeate quality will meet quality specified by
purchaser.
p. Predicted transmembrane pressure for MF/UF at startup and after five
years of operations.
q. PLC programming and/or program requirements to operate and protect
the membrane equipment system, including control of air priming, cleaning, per-
meation, and backwashing operations.
r. Describe pretreatment (such as prescreening) required for efficient and
stable MBR operation: provide screen aperture, screen type, and recommended
screen cleaning mechanism.

4.3.2 Data required prior to manufacturing. The manufacturer or supplier

of the membrane equipment system for an MBR shall provide the following infor-
mation prior to manufacturing the system:
a. Revised versions of the above documents and drawings, including all pip-
ing with diameter and materials of construction identified.
b. Revised process flow diagram and flow balance tables for major streams.
c. Completed Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), including
information about all equipment, instrumentation, chemical injection locations,
and valves (control and other types).
d. Description of the control system and PLCs Distributed Control System
(DCS) or other control platform software and integration of the MBR system in
the overall plant control system.
e. Revised layout drawing showing how the equipment will fit into the
building or other structure that will house the system, and location of anchor bolts
and equipment supports.
f. Electrical termination drawings, indicating all internal and external elec-
trical connections.
g. Product data sheets and tables describing major equipment items. These
shall be clearly marked and annotated to show the applicable model numbers, rat-
ings, materials of construction, and features.
(1) Major equipment shall include membrane elements/modules, control
valves, equipment support/anchorage details, and instruments, as applicable.
(2) Details on the membranes shall include data sheets and computer-
generated printouts of projected performance.
(3) Details on control valves shall include manufacturer, model number,
pressure class, materials of construction, and table or figure to show flow coefficient
(Cv) as a function of percent open.
h. Piping schedule listing: service, pipe code, diameter, pressure class, and
materials of construction.
i. Valve schedule listing: tag number, manufacturer, model number, size,
type, pressure class, and materials of construction for all valves, including priming
and check valves.
j. Instrumentation/device schedule listing: tag number, manufacturer,
model number, measured parameter, and ranges for instruments and devices.
k. Control philosophy (process control narratives).
l. Integrity test description.

10 AWWA B130-13
m. Chemical dosing control and purpose.

n. Functional testing plans.
o. Startup and commissioning plans with operational and maintenance
forms and/or checklists.
p. Updated plans, procedures, and required testing for permitting MBR sys-
tems shall be provided upon request of the purchaser.
4.3.3 Data provided prior to startup. The manufacturer or supplier of the
membrane equipment system for an MBR shall provide the following information
prior to startup of the system:
a. As-manufactured plans, procedures, and required testing for permit-
ting membrane biological reactor systems shall be provided upon request of the
purchaser.
b. Revised versions of the documents and drawings listed in the previous
subsection.
c. Functional testing plans. Startup and commissioning plans with opera-
tional and maintenance forms and/or checklists.
d. Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for the membrane equip-
ment system and appurtenances. These O&M manuals shall describe the system
components, system and component specifications, standard operating procedures,
limitations, including conditions to be avoided or that could damage the equip-
ment, and operation and maintenance procedures. Data tables shall be included to
show typical operating set points and conditions. O&M manuals shall also include
printouts of the programming logic, printouts of the control and data screens, an
electronic copy of the control logic in case of emergency, and a list of all informa-
tion exchanged with the plant control system, including data table addresses.
e. Documentation required for permitting the MBR system as per request
of the purchaser.
4.3.4 Record drawings. After startup of the system, the manufacturer
or supplier of the MBR system shall provide a complete set of the documents
(including drawings) listed in the previous subsections, revised to show system “as
installed.”
Sec. 4.4 Water Flow and Water Quality Data Requirements
The membrane equipment system for an MBR shall meet the performance
criteria based on the project’s treated wastewater flow and quality requirements.
The following items shall be provided by the purchaser.

4.4.1 Flow rate. Net discharge production flow rate, in gpd (m3/d), for
various durations of flow, including average, maximum month, peak day, and peak
hour. For each duration, define the number of trains in service.
4.4.2 MBR process. Description of the MBR process, including the bio-
logical zones, e.g., anoxic and/or anaerobic and aerobic zones.
4.4.3 Design temperature. Design temperature and temperature range, in
°F (°C), as a function of flow rate.
4.4.4 Mixed-liquor characteristics within the membrane tank. The solids
retention time of the MBR system and the mixed-liquor concentration shall be
documented.
4.4.5 Upstream treatment. Description of any chemicals added within the
MBR such as metal salts for phosphorus removal.
4.4.6 Wastewater quality. If present, the raw wastewater quality in terms
of specific parameters as shown in Table 2. The table identifies required items with
“R” and optional items “O” as a function of membrane type. For each item it is
recommended that values be presented for minimum, maximum, and average or
typical, if available. Alternatively, values may be presented for 10 percent, 95 per-
cent, and 50 percentiles (or mean or median).
Table 2 Raw and/or feedwater characteristics to be provided

Parameter (mg/L unless noted otherwise) MBR System
Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) or Carbonate and Bicarbonate O
Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) R
Oil and Grease O
Ammonia O
Total Organic Nitrogen O
Suspended Solids, mg/L O
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), mg/L O
Hydrogen Sulfide O
Temperature O
pH O
Total Dissolved Solids O
Chlorides O
Total Iron O
Dissolved Iron O
Trace Metals O

12 AWWA B130-13
Sec. 4.5 Performance Criteria

4.5.1 Performance criteria. Membrane equipment systems for MBRs shall
be designed to meet the following performance criteria when treating variable system
mixed liquor and wastewater, including associated seasonal changes. These criteria
shall be clearly defined by the manufacturer or supplier including the following:
4.5.1.1 Production rate. Net production rate per day shall be provided
at a required design temperature or range of temperatures at each of the specified
durations (maximum, month, etc.).
4.5.1.2 Water quality. Permeate water quality shall meet turbidity
requirements in accordance with USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual,
state or provincial, or local requirements, and as required, typically for MF/UF.
4.5.1.3 Membrane flow capacity. Maximum membrane flow capacity
shall be provided for each duration or time period at a required temperature or
over a temperature range for the overall system and for each train, if applicable.
4.5.1.4 Pressure. Pressure criteria requirements, including for MF/UF,
maximum allowable transmembrane pressure (TMP) at required design tempera-
ture and time period.
4.5.1.5 Integrity testing. Membrane integrity test shall be defined as
online turbidity monitoring, measured continuously or at a frequency acceptable
to the applicable regulatory agency. Pressure decay testing is neither required nor
recommended.
4.5.1.6 Key operating parameters. Key operation and maintenance
schedules and parameters shall be measured and documented as part of system
performance testing.
4.5.1.7 Backwash. Maximum backwash (BW) or other hydraulic flush
requirements, including frequency and duration if required.
4.5.1.8 Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB). Including frequency,
duration, chemical concentrations, and chemical exposure limits if required.
4.5.1.9 Maintenance cleaning. The frequency, duration, temperature,
chemical types, and concentrations, of maintenance cleanings.
4.5.1.10 Recovery cleaning. The maximum and minimum frequency or
performance triggers, chemical concentrations and exposure limits, and tempera-
ture requirements for recovery cleaning activities (maintenance cleaning, chemical
cleaning).

4.5.1.11 Other conditions. Any other conditions for BW, CEB, or recov-
ery cleaning, such as chemical used, concentration, and limits intended to protect
the membrane.
4.5.1.12 Membrane storage solutions. Short- and long-term membrane
preservative/storage solutions and protocols.
4.5.1.13 Specific aeration demand. The specific aeration demand (SAD)
for air scouring, either as SADm or SADp, shall be provided by the MBR manu-
facturer or supplier.
4.5.1.14 Specific energy demand. The total energy shall include the MBR
feed, permeate, backwash and recirculation pumping, and air scour blower. The
calculations should show the basis of calculations, such as pump, air blower, and
motor drive efficiencies.
4.5.1.15 Redundancy. The level of redundancy required for the project
shall be considered.
Sec. 4.6 Products/Components
4.6.1 Materials of construction. The products and components of a mem-
brane equipment system for MBR shall be constructed of or suitably coated with
materials that are resistant to corrosion in the environment in which they are
placed. Metals, fiberglass, plastics, ceramic, concrete, and synthetic material (epox-
ies, vinyls, urethanes, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.) are acceptable materials of con-
struction provided they can withstand the rigors of their internal and external
environments. The materials shall be suitable for the class of service (air, water,
chemical), temperature, vibration, fatigue, and fire rating.
4.6.2 Pressure ratings. Products and components may be used in systems
in which pressures are other than atmospheric. The materials of construction must
be suitable for pressures in excess of the greatest pressure applied plus surge or tran-
sient pressures each component may be exposed to after installation.
4.6.3 Temperature variations. MBR systems may operate under tempera-
ture conditions other than ambient. Materials in such use must be structurally
unaffected by these temperature variations at maximum operating pressures.
4.6.4 Safety considerations. Products and components must be safe to use.
Protection to personnel, equipment, and the environment must be ensured through
the proper installation and use of safety devices, such as pressure relief valves and/
or rupture disks. Equipment must be intrinsically safe and provided with ground
fault protection equipment.

14 AWWA B130-13
4.6.5 Components. Products/components are composed of the following

items:
4.6.5.1 Membranes. Polymeric, metallic, or ceramic. Configuration can
be spiral, hollow fiber, tubular, flat sheet, or plate and frame.
4.6.5.2 Cleaning and backwashing. Recovery cleaning systems shall
clean one train or unit at a time with the element(s) left in their normal operating
location. For some facilities (<1 mgd), elements may be cleaned in place or moved
to another location for cleaning.
4.6.5.3 Chemicals. Routine and/or continuous additions may be required
for acid, base, biocide, or antiscalant chemicals. Cleaning agents may include acids,
bases, detergents, disinfectants, biocides, and/or proprietary formulations as appro-
priate for the specific membrane and system.
4.6.5.4 Piping. Materials of construction are generally plastics or metals
suitable for service environment. Manifolds are provided to uniformly split the
scour air and permeate flows. Vacuum manifolds are provided for some MF and
UF systems.
4.6.5.5 Valves. Materials of construction shall be suitable for the service
environment. All types of configurations are possible: isolation, control, regulators,
flow check, relief, and other types.
4.6.5.6 Supports. Racks are usually metallic or fiber-reinforced plastic
and shall be designed for loads assuming pressure vessels and piping contain water.
Supports shall be properly prepared and coated for corrosion protection or made
of stainless steel.
4.6.5.7 Air compressors and/or blowers. Some systems require air com-
pressors and/or blowers. Sufficient capacity, redundancy, pressure relief, hydraulic
design, and level of air quality (considering level of particle filtering, dryness, and
acceptable oil concentration, if any) to protect membrane from damage shall be
provided.
4.6.5.8 Control systems. Manual and automatic systems shall be pro-
vided that control the permeate pumps, air compressors or blowers, backwash
pumps, and chemical pumps; and that send status and performance data to control
room and/or local panel board.
4.6.5.9 General components, as applicable. Provide lifting lugs; anchor
bolts; support structure pressure vessel straps for restricting movement; identifi-
cation labels and numbering on equipment; color and tagging identification of
electrical wiring and piping with directional markings, if needed; instrumentation

test or calibration equipment; pressure vessel or stack probing equipment; flexible

hoses; and restraints.
4.6.6 Miscellaneous items.
4.6.6.1 Spare parts. Spare parts for membranes, pressure vessel compo-
nents, stacks, pumps, valves, and piping shall be provided in accordance with the
contract documents.
4.6.6.2 Installation instructions. Detailed installation instructions for all
equipment shall be provided prior to equipment installation.
4.6.6.3 Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals. O&M manuals
shall include the following: operating instructions including startup, routine and
normal operation, regulation and control, shutdown, and emergency conditions,
maintenance instructions and recommended frequencies; equipment specifica-
tions; raw material specifications, and safety manual.
4.6.7 Interface coordination with components supplied by others. Interface
points shall be identified on the submittal drawings and P&IDs, and coordinated
with the other equipment/operating systems on-site.
4.6.7.1 Piping. Interfaces for connecting piping shall be shown on the
submittal drawings.
4.6.7.2 Mounting. Support structure, anchors, and mounting and level-
ing devices shall be provided. Coordinate with the constructor.
4.6.7.3 Electrical conduits, wiring, and termination points. Conduits
and wiring integral to the membrane equipment system shall be prewired to a local
panel provided by the membrane equipment system manufacturer or supplier or
identified on the submittal drawings as installed by the installation contractor.
4.6.7.4 Instrumentation and control (I&C) conduits and wiring and ter-
mination points. An input/output (I/O) control panel shall be provided by the
membrane equipment system manufacturer or supplier.
4.6.7.4.1 Conduits, cables, and wiring from instruments, valves, and other
control devices on the membrane equipment system shall be terminated in the
panel by the MBR system manufacturer or supplier.
4.6.7.5 Pneumatic termination point. Pneumatic piping to valves and
other devices on the factory-assembled membrane subunit shall be provided by
the membrane equipment system manufacturer or supplier and shall terminate
to a single point for each type of air supply and shall be shown on the submittal
drawings. Piping for loose valves installed in the field shall be clearly shown on the
submittal drawings.

16 AWWA B130-13
SECTION 5: Verification
Sec. 5.1 Installation

5.1.1 General. Work performed in accordance with this standard shall be
subject to inspection by the purchaser.
5.1.2 Plant inspection. The purchaser shall have the access to places of
manufacture where the materials are produced, fabricated, and assembled, or
where the tests are conducted, and shall be accorded full use of facilities to inspect
and observe the tests.
5.1.2.1 Compliance. Plant inspection does not relieve the manufacturer
of responsibility for compliance with this standard.
5.1.3 Inspection and certification. The manufacturer or supplier shall
establish written quality control and inspection practices to ensure compliance
with this standard.
5.1.4 MBR system manufacturer or supplier representative. The system
manufacturer or supplier shall have a representative on-site during the following
activities:
a. Initial delivery of major membrane equipment.
b. Beginning of the installation of the membrane equipment.
c. Final connections and flushing.
5.1.5 Membranes. The installation of the membranes shall be the respon-
sibility of the MBR system manufacturer unless otherwise directed by the pur-
chaser.
5.1.5.1 Pipe flushing. Membranes shall only be installed after a thorough
flushing of piping and tanks/basins to remove construction and other debris.
5.1.5.1.1 Flushing water shall be clean water and not allowed to be in pip-
ing for extended periods beyond MBR system manufacturer guidelines.
5.1.5.1.2 If readily available, potable water shall be used for flushing, or
other type of water if acceptable to purchaser and supplier.
5.1.5.1.3 Membranes shall not be exposed to solutions with chlorine and
other strong oxidants in excess of the allowable limits established by the membrane
manufacturer.
Sec. 5.2 Startup and Commissioning
5.2.1 Startup and commissioning. Startup and commissioning shall be the
responsibility of the MBR system manufacturer or supplier.

5.2.1.1 Operation during startup. Purchaser and the MBR system man-
ufacturer or supplier shall determine, in advance, which party will be responsible
for operation of the system during the various steps necessary to commission and
test the equipment prior to acceptance.
5.2.2 Electrical and mechanical checks. Startup shall include electrical and
mechanical checks of equipment, leak checking, flushing, membrane installation,
placing units in service, reconfirming the function aspects of the system, and flow
and performance verification.
5.2.2.1 Mixed liquor shall be introduced into the membrane filtration sys-
tem only when the mixed-liquor quality and bioreactor operation meet requirements.
If seeding with mixed liquor from an active plant is done to accelerate the startup
process, the seed mixed liquor must be screened through the MBR plant prescreens,
if practical, or through temporary screens that provide equivalent filtration.
Sec. 5.3 Training
5.3.1 Training. The system manufacturer or supplier shall provide train-
ing to purchaser’s maintenance and operating staff. This shall consist of both class-
room and hands-on training.
5.3.2 Training materials. Manufacturer or supplier shall provide the
required number of training material packages, which may include manuals, com-
pact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs), and programs.
Sec. 5.4 Field Testing

5.4.1 Field testing. Field testing shall include mechanical and electrical
installation testing, initial functional testing, short-term demonstration testing of
each system, and extended performance testing of complete operating system.
5.4.1.1 Test plan. A test plan shall be provided by the system manufac-
turer or supplier.
5.4.2 Equipment testing. Equipment mechanical and electrical testing
shall include equipment, instrument verification, leak testing, power and signal
connection verification, and PLC program verification.
5.4.3 Demonstration testing. Demonstration testing shall be conducted
for a period as defined in the contract documents.
5.4.3.1 Requirements. Testing shall be designed to show that the system
can operate through its various operating cycles.

18 AWWA B130-13
5.4.3.1.1 Testing shall demonstrate operation of single and multiple trains,

planned starts and stops, full range of feedwater quality, solids loading, tempera-
tures, turndowns, alarm functions, emergency stops, and flow-rate changes.
5.4.3.1.2 During the testing, the equipment shall be operated by the party
or entity assigned that responsibility in the contract documents.
5.4.3.1.3 If a failure occurs, the system supplier shall have no more than the
period defined in the contract documents to make adjustments.
5.4.4 Performance testing. Performance testing shall commence at the end
of the demonstration testing.
5.4.4.1 Requirements. The system shall meet the performance test
requirements for a continuous period or a portion of a period as required in the
contract documents.
5.4.4.2 Scheduling. Scheduling of the performance test is at the purchas-
er’s discretion but shall occur after the completion of the demonstration test.
5.4.4.3 Reliability. The performance test shall verify that the perfor-
mance of the system can be met over an extended period of time.
5.4.5 Performance test report. Upon completion of the test, a report shall
be prepared by the membrane supplier in accordance with the contract documents.
5.4.5.1 Purchaser shall determine whether the system performance meets
the contract requirements.
5.4.5.2 Should the system fail to meet the requirements, the system manu-
facturer or supplier shall make necessary corrections to the system and the test
shall be repeated.
SECTION 6: Delivery
Sec. 6.1 Packaging

6.1.1 Packaging. Equipment, spare parts, special tools, and other items
provided shall be properly marked and packaged for protection during shipping,
handling, and storage.
6.1.2 Marking. All the components of the MBR system units shall be
properly marked and labeled with reference to their placement and installation in
the plant.
6.1.2.1 Time-dependent installation. Parts or components that require
earlier installation on-site shall be properly identified and marked.

Sec. 6.2 Shipping, Handling, and Storage

6.2.1 Deliveries. Deliveries shall be properly sequenced to have needed
items on-site and on time so that construction and installation schedule is not
negatively affected.
6.2.1.1 Project coordination. Deliveries shall be coordinated with the
contractor, subcontractors, and the purchaser.
6.2.2 Manufacturer recommendations. Items shall be handled and stored
as recommended by the manufacturer or supplier.
6.2.3 Storage. Membranes shall be kept clean, in the recommended stor-
age solution, at the required environmental temperature range, and shall not be
removed from shipping package materials until time of installation.
6.2.4 SDS. Supplier shall provide SDS or other form of disclosure
regarding the preservative solution, if any, and shall provide recommended dis-
posal practices.
Sec. 6.3 Notice of Nonconformance

Any MBR system not conforming to the requirements of this standard shall
be made satisfactory or replaced. The purchaser must provide a notice of noncon-
formance to the supplier that explains the reason for nonconformance.
Sec. 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance

The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer that the mate-
rial provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard.


APPENDIX A
Bibliography
ASTM* D 6161-05, Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafil-
tration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes.
ISO† 9000 Certification—Quality Management (for manufacturing of
membranes).
US Environmental Protection Agency. Membrane Filtration Guidance Man-
ual, Office of Water, EPA 815-R-06-009, Washington, D.C. November 2005.
* ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

† International Organization for Standardization, l, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CF 56, CH-12H, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
21


APPENDIX B
System Description Table
Table B.1 MF/UF system(s) (continued)
Description Units of Measure
Manufacturer —
MODULE DESCRIPTION —
Module Model Number —
Module Dimensions: in. or mm
Diameter
Length
Active membrane area, feed-side surface ft2 or m2
Per Module
Total System
Membrane material (examples: PES, PS, PVDF, and so on) —
Configuration, select one or add description: ceramic, flat plate, hollow fiber, —
spiral, tubular, or other (add description).
Flow pattern (inside-out or outside-in) —
Geometry (horizontal or vertical) —
Pressure type (encased or submerged)
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? —
Membrane charge (neutral, negative, or positive) —
Contact angle:
Membrane material degree
Other potential locations of breaches (e.g., seals) degree
Contact angle measurement method if value greater than 0 degree Describe
Pore size and/or molecular weight cutoff, nominal µm, Dalton
Fiber or tube dimensions (if applicable):
Inside diameter in. or mm
Outside diameter in. or mm
Active length ft or m
Number of fibers or tube per module (if applicable)
Feed channel space or spacer (if applicable): thickness mil or mm
Module operating limitations:
Pressure range psi or bar
Temperature range °F or °C
pH range Std. Units
Table continued next page
23

24 AWWA B130-13

Maximum feed turbidity ntu
Chlorine tolerance (and related concentration, temperature, mg/L or ppm-hr
pH conditions)
Other oxidant tolerance (and related conditions) Describe
Other limitations (and related conditions) Describe
Module cleaning limitations:
Pressure range psi or bar
Temperature range °F or °C
pH range Std. Units
Maximum feed turbidity ntu
Chlorine tolerance (and related conditions) mg/L or ppm-hr
Other oxidant tolerance (and related conditions) Describe
Other limitations (and related conditions) Describe
Prescreen rating required µm
Pipe type required between prescreen and membrane (materials and —
pressure rating)
DESIGN DESCRIPTION —
Number of trains: —
Online
Standby
Daily net production gpd or m3/d
Flux at ambient temperature:
Maximum Instantaneous Flux gfd or Lmh
Average Flux
Flux, temperature corrected to 20°C:
Maximum Instantaneous Flux gfd or Lmh
Recovery %
DESCRIPTION OF EACH TRAIN —
Number of modules —
Arrangements (i.e., Encased: _ rows of _ modules or Describe
Submerged: _ modules high × _ modules wide × _ modules long)
Filtration type (dead-end or crossflow) —
Permeate flow during filtration cycle gpm or Lpm
Backwash (BW)
Type (air, water, forward flush, etc.) —


Frequency* min
Overall duration† sec
Permeate consumed gal or L
BW flux, if applicable gfd or Lmh
Description: Condition and duration of each major step during BW (i.e.,
BW with ___ water flow for ___ sec, rest for ___ sec, air scour at ___ for
___ sec, and so on)
Chemically enhanced backwash, or maintenance cleaning, – 1, if applicable
Chemical(s) —
Concentration(s) mg/L
Frequency hr
Chemical(s) —
Frequency hr
Overall duration* sec
Chemical(s) —
Frequency hr
Overall duration* sec
RECOVERY CLEANING
Chemical(s) —
Frequency day
TMP trigger, if applicable psi or bar
*BW frequency is the time between BW operations during which the membrane unit is in filtration mode. Other
frequencies are elapsed time (i.e., clock time).
†Overall duration of BW and other operations is the total time the unit is not producing permeate.

26 AWWA B130-13

Pressure
TMP, clean psi or bar
TMP, typical psi or bar
TMP, just before recovery cleaning psi or bar
Permeate psi or bar
Max. allowable module pressure psi or bar
If crossflow, describe conditions, including flow rate Describe
Volumetric concentration ratio for crossflow or submerged Unitless
Air requirements:
Describe
Unit dimensions:
Width in. or mm
Length in. or mm
Height in. or mm
Wet weight lb or kg
Tank dimensions (if applicable, e.g. for submerged system):
Width in. or mm
Length in. or mm
Height in. or mm
Specific aeration demand (average flux) Scfm/gpd or Nm3/hm3
Specific energy demand (average flux) kWh/1,000 gal
or kWh/m3

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ANSI/AWWA B130-13

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

Effective date: April 1, 2013.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

American National Standard

ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-927-0 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-222-3

Copyright © 2013 by American Water Works Association

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Kelly P. Lange-Haider, Chair

General Interest Members

K.P. Lange-Haider, Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn. (AWWA)

H. Seah, Public Utilities Board, Singapore (AWWA)

Scott Freeman, Chair

General Interest Members

R.P. Arber, Hatch Mott Macdonald, Lakewood, Colo. (AWWA)

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

P.M. Gallagher, Siemens Industry Inc., Lowell, Mass. (AWWA)

A.M. Bankston, Minneapolis Water Works, Minneapolis, Minn. (AWWA)

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Foreword 4.5 Performance Criteria........................ 12

4.3 Data to Be Provided by System B.1 MF/UF System(s)............................. 23

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®