FIELD BOOK OF:-

SUBMITTED TO:-

ENGR. SYED IFTIKHAR AHMED

SUBMITTED BY:-

SECTION C
GROUP:-

1st group
BOOKER:-

M. TAJAMMAL KHAN 2006-C-108

1
JOB#1
To find out the PACE LENTH of a man

SIGNIFICANCE:-
This job is done to have an idea about the pace length
of a person. In this way a person can roughly measure the length and
width of a given region without any tape and chain. As a civil engineer, it
will help us during our field work.

APPARATUS:-

ONE TAPE

AND

TWO WOODEN PEGS

PROCEDURE:-

 Take any known distance like 30 meter on the ground.

 Put wooden pegs on both sides of the known length.
 Walk along the length in a straight path and count the number of
steps.
 Finally calculate the pace length of a single step.

2
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:-

Length taken along the ground = 30meter

Number of steps along the length = 38 steps

Pace length = (length/steps)

= (30/38)
= 0.79meter

RESULT:-

Pace length of a man = 0.80 meter

COMMENTS:-

 The known distance should be taken accurately.

 One should try to walk b/w the point with normal routine.
 Repeat the procedure three or four times and then take the mean.

3
JOB#1(a)
To study different types of
FIBER GLASS
and
STEEL TAPES.
SIGNIFICANCE:-

This job is done to know about different types of

chains that we use in our field work. In this way we also know the use of
suitable tape under different weather condition to minimize the error. We
also have an idea about the minimum reading that can be taken from
different tapes.

APPARATUS:-

Different types of fiber glass and steel tapes

FIBERS GLASS TAPE:-

 Length in meter = 30m

 Least count in meter = .002m or 2 mm
 Length in feet = 100 feet
 Least count in feet = (1/96) feet or (1/8) inch

STEEL TAPE:-

 Length in meter = 30m

 Least count in meter = .001m or 1 mm
 Length in feet = 100 feet
 Least count in feet = (1/96) feet
 More accurate than fiber glass tape

4
METALLIC TAPE:-

 Length in meter = 10, 20 or 30m

 Used for all survey works.

LINEN TAPE:-

 Length in meter = 10, 15, 20, 30 or 50 m

 Used for standardizing the chain
 Measurements in constructional works

INVAR TAPE:-

 Length in meter = 30, 50 or 100 m

 Not affected by temperature
 More precise than others

PRECAUTIONS:-

 We should know the least counts of all the tapes.

 We should know the method of use of tapes.
 We should know the field requirement for a specific type of
tape.
 We should use the tapes carefully to avoid any damage.

5
JOB#1(b)
To conduct the BUILDING SURVEYING in field

PURPOSE:-

This work is done to have an idea about the method by which

we take the length as well as width in the field. The purpose is to prepare
a map of the field

APPARATUS:-

Fiber glass tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Take the readings of the length and width of the buildings at the
sill level.
 Record these readings in the field book.
 Draw the UMER HALL, USMAN HALL, AYSHA
HALL, MAIN BLOCK and POWER STATION on the
field book according to the observations.

PRECAUTIONS:-

 We should take the readings at the sill level of any building.

 We should apply the pull according to the standard.
 We should read the reading carefully.
 We should use the tape carefully to avoid any damage.

COMMENTS:-

 All the readings are not taken from the sill level because of
some hindrances.
 Readings are not taken accurately because of wind during the
field work.

6
JOB #1(c)
To setup BUILDING PLAN
with a FIBER GLASS TAPE in the field
PURPOSE:-

This work is done to have an idea about the method by which

we take the length as well as width in the field. The purpose is to prepare
a map of the field

APPARATUS:-

Fiber glass tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Take the readings of the length and width of the buildings at the
sill level.
 Record these readings in the field book.
 Draw the UMER HALL, USMAN HALL, AYSHA
HALL, MAIN BLOCK and POWER STATION on the
field book according to the observations.

PRECAUTIONS:-

 We should take the readings at the sill level of any building.

 We should apply the pull according to the standard.
 We should read the reading carefully.
 We should use the tape carefully to avoid any damage.

COMMENTS:-

 All the readings are not taken from the sill level because of
some hindrances.
 Readings are not taken accurately because of wind during the
field work.

7
BUILDING PLAN

UMER HALL

USMAN HALL

8
9
JOB#2(a)
To study METRIC CHAIN and ENGINEER'S CHAIN

PURPOSE:-

This study will help us in identifying different types of chain in

the field. Along with this, it also tells us about the length of one link, in
the field. It also tells us about other features of the chain that what errors
can occur in the chain. We had an idea about the least count of the chain.

METRIC CHAIN:-

 Length of the chain 30m

 Number of links in the chain 150 links
 Length Of each link 0.2m
 Tallies are provided after every 5 links or 1m.
 Suitable for measuring distances along fairly level ground.

ENGINEER'S CHAIN:-

 Length of the chain 100ft

 Number of links in the chain 100 links
 Length Of each link 1 ft
 Tallies are provided after every 10 links or 10 ft.

10
JOB #2(b)
To execute CHAIN SURVEY in the field

SIGNIFICANCE:-

 Chain surveying is the simplest form of surveying used for

preparing a map of the given area.
 It is used for a place of small area.
 The details are not so important.

APPARATUS:-
METRIC CHAIN

RANGING RODS ARROW HEADS WOODEN PEGS

PROCEDURE:-
 Take main station points wrt. Some fixed reference point.
 Ranging is done with the help of ranging rod on the ground.
 Chain is placed on the ground in a straight line.
 Collect the maximum details about the sight by taking
perpendicular and oblique offsets.
 Draw the whole details on the sheet on suitable scale.

SKETCH:-

11
PRECAUTIONS:-

 Station points should be properly selected.

 Ranging rods should be placed vertically.
 Station points and ranging rods should bi in one line.
 The chain should be placed straight b/w the points.

COMMENTS:-
 The chain was not standardized so its length may differ.
 The station points are not clearly seen from one another position.
 There are hindrances in the way of chain.
 The ranging rods are not straight.

12
JOB #2 (c)
To plot CHAIN SURVEYING sheet

PURPOSE:-
The purpose of this job is to know the different
features of the site, where the work has to be done. This job gives us
information about the site in any place if we have its sheet. As a civil
engineer it is of our main concern to know about the site before starting
any new project.

APPARATUS:-

 Full size scholar sheet

 Drawing board
 Drawing instruments
 Observations
 Drawing pencils

PROCEDURE:-

 Take a sheet of size 30''x22''.

 Select the suitable scale so that all the details can be drawn on the
sheet.
 Draw the main stations and according to which draw different
natural and man made features.\

SCALE:-

1 cm on sheet = 500 cm on ground

Rf =1/500

13
JOB #3(a)
To study WATT'S TILTING LEVEL,
TOPCON AUTO LEVEL and DIGITAL LEVEL

PURPOSE:-

This job is done to know about the use of the

instruments and the different functions of the leveling
instruments. We also know about the least count of the levels
along with different staffs.

APPARATUS:-

 Leveling instruments
 Tripod stand
 Different staffs
 Plumb bob
 Fiberglass tape
 Ranging rods
 Micrometer

SOPWITH STAFF:-

 Height 5m
 Least count 5mm
 Used for ordinary leveling

14
PRECISE STAFF:-

 Least count 1
 Multiplying factor .005m

COMMENTS:-

 This job will help us to determine level with different

instruments.
 Leveling is very much important in field which we did
with the help of this instrument.

15
JOB #3(b)
To conduct ORDINARY LEVELING with
WATT'S TILTING LEVEL and SOP WITH STAFF
(SI units) in the field
PURPOSE:-

This job is done to know about the difference of level b/w the
two points. In the construction of a building or any other project it
plays the important role. So as a civil engineer we should keep in
mind the real applications of leveling.

APPARATUS:-

 Tilting level with stand

 Sop with staff
 Metric chain or fiber glass tape
 Arrows
 Ranging rods
 Plumb bob
 Wooden pegs

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the stations at the appropriate position for the difference of

level to be calculated
 Measure the distance b/w the two stations by fiber glass tape or
metallic chain.
 Fix the tilting level with tripod stand over the main stations and by
performing centering, leveling.
 After adjustment of tilting level measure the fore and back sight
readings of the lines.
 Calculated the rise and fall after each reading and found the
reduced level by rise and fall method.
 Note all readings in the field book

16
 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:-
READINGS
REDUCED
STATION LENGTH FALL LEVEL REMARK
RISE (-VE)
POINT (U-L)100 BS IS FS (+VE)

U 0.845 ----- -----

A 42.0m
M
L
Σ
0.635
0.425
1.905
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
------ ------ 100.0m
STATION
POINT
A
Avg. 0.635 ----- -----
U ----- 1.730 -----
M ----- 1.520 -----
42.5m L ----- 1.305 ----- ------ 0.883 99.117m ------
Σ ----- 4.555 -----
Avg. ----- 1.518 -----
U 0.680 ----- 0.775
M 0.555 ----- 0.555 CHANGE
40.0m L 0.425 ----- 0.355 0.963 ------ 100.08m POINT
Σ 1.660 ----- 1.665
Avg. 0.553 ----- 0.555
U ----- ----- 1.090 STATION

B 25.5m
M
L
Σ
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
0.945
0.810
2.845
------ 0.395 99.685m
POINT
B

Avg. ----- ----- 0.948

U 1.175 ----- ----- STATION

B 31.5m
M
L
Σ
1.020
0.860
3.055
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
------ ------ 99.685m
POINT
B

Avg. 1.018 ----- -----

U 0.660 ----- 0.81
M 0.510 ----- 0.645 CHANGE
33.0m L 0.360 ----- 0.480 0.373 ------ 100.058m POINT
Σ 1.530 ----- 1.935
Avg. 0.51 ----- 0.645
U ----- 1.665 -----
M ----- 1.475 -----
30.0m L ----- 1.285 ----- ------ 0.965 99.093m ------
Σ ----- 4.425 -----
Avg. ----- 1.475 -----
U ----- ----- 0.760 STATION

A 38.0m
M
L
Σ
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
0.570
0.380
1.710
0.905 ------ 99.998m
POINT
B

Avg. ----- ----- 0.570

17
ERROR:-

.002m or 2mm

PERMISSIBLE ERROR:-

E=C√D

FOR ORDINARY LEVELLING:-

E=.025√D
IN OUR CASE:-

D=267m or .267Km
E=.013m or 13mm

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The level should be properly on the station point.

 Leveling of instrument should be done accurately.
 The cross hairs should be visible.
 Parallax of instrument should be removed.
 The staff should be caught vertically.
 Upper, lower and middle readings should be taken.

COMMENTS:-

 The plumb bob was not provided for centering on the stations .
 The readings of the staff were no so visible.
 At site the staff was not placed vertically.

18
JOB #3(c)

To conduct PRECISE LEVELING with

CARLZEISS / TOPCON AUTO LEVEL,
PARALLEL PLATE MICRO METER,(SI units)
And PRECISE STAFF (SI units) in the field
PURPOSE:-
This job is done to know about the difference of level b/w the
two points. In the construction of a building or any other project it
plays the important role. So as a civil engineer we should keep in
mind the real applications of leveling. Precise leveling gives us more
accurate results than the ordinary leveling so it is preferred for field
work.

APPARATUS:-

 Auto level with stand

 Precise staff
 Micro meter
 Metric chain or fiber glass tape
 Arrows
 Ranging rods
 Plumb bob
 Wooden pegs

PROCEDURE:-
 Select the stations at the appropriate position for the difference of
level to be calculated
 Measure the distance b/w the two stations by fiber glass tape or
metallic chain.
 Fix the tilting level with tripod stand over the main stations and by
performing centering, leveling.
 After adjustment of auto level measure the fore and back sight
readings of the lines.
 Calculated the rise and fall after each reading and found the
reduced level by rise and fall method.
 Note all readings in the field book

19
 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:-

STATION CHAIN FORE SIGHT BEAKSIGHT RISE FALL REDUCED

POINTS READING READING READING LEVEL
(m) (+VE) (-VE) (m)
A STAFF MMR TOTAL STAFF MMR TOTAL
U 1.55 42 1.5542 U ---- ----
BS=25 M 1.425 42 1.4292 M ---- ---- ---- ----
L 1.8 42 1.3042 L ---- ---- 100.00
Σ ---- ---- 4.2876 Σ ---- ----
Avg. ---- ---- 1.4292 Avg. ---- ----
U 1.6 79 1.6079 U 1.27 42
FS=25 M 1.5 82 1.5082 M 1.17 42
L 1.4 85 1.4085 L 1.07 42 0.2155 ---- 100.255
BS=20 Σ ---- ---- 4.5246 Σ ---- ----
Avg. ---- ---- 1.5082 Avg. ---- ----
U 1.5425 50 1.5475 U 1.58 50 1.5850
FS=20 M 1.4325 51 1.4376 M 1.48 54 1.4854
L 1.3225 51 1.3276 L 1.38 58 1.3858 0.0228 ---- 100.2778
BS=21.85 Σ ---- ---- 4.3128 Σ ---- ---- 4.4562
Avg. ---- ---- 1.4376 Avg. ---- ---- 1.4854
B U ---- -- ---- U 1.2050 51 1.2101
M ---- ---- ---- M 1.0962 52 1.1014
FS=21.85 L ---- ---- ---- L 0.9875 52 0.9927 0.3362 ---- 100.614
Σ ---- ---- ---- Σ ---- ---- 3.3042
Avg. ---- ---- ---- Avg. ---- ---- 1.1014
B U 1.2275 52 1.2327 U ---- ---- ----
M 1.1200 52 1.1252 M ---- ---- ----
BS=21.85 L 1.0125 52 1.0177 L ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 100.614
Σ ---- ---- 3.3756 Σ ---- ---- ----
Avg. ---- ---- 1.1252 Avg. ---- ---- ----
U 1.59 60 1.5960 U 1.56 50 1.5650 100.2792
FS=21.85 M 1.49 60 1.4960 M 1.455 50 1.4600
L 1.39 60 1.3960 L 1.35 50 1.3550 ---- 0.3348
BS=20 Σ ---- ---- 4.4880 Σ ---- ---- 4.3800
Avg. ---- ---- 1.4960 Avg. ---- ---- 1.4600
U 1.355 55 1.3605 U 1.605 51 1.6101
FS=20 M 1.230 60 1.1085 M 1.545 51 1.5491
L 1.1025 55 1.2385 L 1.485 51 1.4901 ---- 0.0537 100.2255
BS=25 Σ ---- ---- 3.7075 Σ ---- ---- 4.6493
Avg. ---- ---- 1.2358 Avg. ---- ---- 1.5497
A U ---- ---- ---- U 1.55 83 1.5583
M ---- ---- ---- M 1.46 30 1.4630
FS=25 L ---- ---- ---- L 1.36 77 1.3677 ---- 0.2272 99.9983
Σ ---- ---- ---- Σ ---- ---- 4.3890
Avg. ---- ---- ---- Avg. ---- ---- 1.463

20
ERROR:-

.0017m or 1.7mm

PERMISSIBLE ERROR:-

E=C√D

FOR ORDINARY LEVELLING:-

E=.006√D
IN OUR CASE:-

D=267m or .267Km
E=.003m or 3mm

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The level should be properly on the station point.

 Leveling of instrument should be done accurately.
 The cross hairs should be visible.
 Parallax of instrument should be removed.
 The staff should be caught vertically.
 Upper, lower and middle readings should be taken.
 Micro meter readings should be accurate.

COMMENTS:-

 The plumb bob was not provided for centering on the stations.
 The readings of the staff were no so visible.
 At site the staff was not placed vertically.

21
JOB#5(a)
To study MAGNETIC BEARING with
WATT'S PRISMATIC COMPASS
PURPOSE:-

The principle of compass surveying is traversing and is performed when

 A large area to be surveyed
 The course of a river or coast line is to be surveyed
 The area is crowded with many details
 Compass surveying is not recommended for areas where local
attraction is suspected due to presence of magnetic substances like
steel structures, iron ore deposits, electric cables conveying current
etc.

APPARATUS:-

 Prismatic compass with stand

 Metric chain or metallic tape
 Arrows
 Ranging rods
 Plumb bob
 Wooden pegs

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the stations at the appropriate position so that maximum

information can be collected.
 Measure the distance b/w the two stations by metallic tape or
chain.
 Fix the compass with tripod stand over the main stations and by
performing centering, leveling adjusts the prism.
 After adjustment of compass measure the fore and back bearing of
the traverse.
 Note all these things in the field book

22
SKETCH:-

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:-

LINE BEARING CORRECTION CORRECT

BEARING
AB 350˚ + 1˚ at A 351˚
BA 171˚ + 1˚ at B 171˚
BC 263˚30' + 0˚ at B 263˚30'
CB 83˚30' + 0˚ at C 83˚30'
CD 161˚ + 0˚ at C 161˚
DC 340˚30' -30' at D 341˚
DA 84˚.30' -30' at D 84˚30'
AD 262˚30' + 1˚at A 263˚30'

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The main stations should be properly selected.

 Site should be free from local attraction.
 Centering and leveling should be carefully done.
 Readings should be noted accurately.

COMMENTS:-

 A little local attraction was present at the site.

 Metallic bob was not provided during the experiment.
 The compass was old and did not show the true direction of
Magnetic North.

23
JOB#5(b)
To fix the DIRECTION OF MAKKAH with
WATT'S PRISMATIC COMPASS
in the field
PURPOSE:-

This job is done to have an idea that how cam we mention our
desired direction and in this way we can easily proceed in our work.

APPARATUS:-

 Prismatic compass with stand

 Plumb bob
 Ranging rod
 Wooden peg

PROCEDURE:-

 A suitable point is selected on the ground with respect to which we

have to determine the direction of MAKKAH.
 Adjust the compass above the point and centering and leveling is
done accurately
 Place a ranging rod at an angle of 259˚30' and meat point with the
rod.
 This line shows the direction of MAKKAH.

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The rod should be placed vertical.

 The angle should be observed carefully
 No local attraction should be present

COMMENTS:-

 A little local attraction was present at the site

 Metallic bob was not provided during the experiment.
 The horse hair was not vertical.

24
JOB#5(c)
To orient a BUILDING PLAN with
WATT'S PRISMATIC COMPASS
in the field
PURPOSE:-

This job is of much importance because it gives us an idea that how to

plan a building and it can be constructed at the desired position.
As a civil engineer we have to mainly concern with projects and more
precise work should be done in the multistory buildings so it helps a lot in
the construction.

APPARATUS:-

 Prismatic compass
 Metallic tape
 Ranging rods
 Wooden pegs

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the appropriate poison in the field and mark that point.
 Set the compass on that point and centering and leveling is
properly done.
 Draw the direction of magnetic north with the help of magnetic
compass.
 Place two wooden pegs at certain distances.
 Draw an angle of 90 with the help of compass and place a wooden
peg at a certain distance.
 From this point draw a line in the direction of magnetic north and
place two wooden pegs at the required distance.
 In this way we perform the plan of building in the field.

25
SKETCH:-

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The main stations should be properly selected

 Site should be free from local attraction
 Centering and leveling should be carefully done
 Readings should be noted accurately

COMMENTS:-

 A little local attraction was present at the site

 Metallic bob was not provided during the experiment.
 The horse hair was not vertical

26
JOB#6(a)
To study TOPCON 5 seconds
DIGITAL THEODOLITE
PURPOSE:-
This job is done to have an understanding about different
parts of the theodolite. It also gives us information about different modes
and different functions of it which are used in our practical work and after
its study we may use it easily in our works.

APPARATUS:-
 Topcon digital theodolite of least count 5 second
 Ranging rods
 Metric chain
 Plumb bob

PROCEDURE:-

Teacher gave us instructions about different parts of

theodolite and about the different functions of it .they also teaches us
about the method of using the theodolite so that we may easily use it
in the field.

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The main stations should be properly selected

 Site should be free from local attraction
 Centering and leveling should be carefully done
 Readings should be noted accurately

COMMENTS:-

 The use of theodolite is very interesting.

 It helps us in measuring the horizontal and vertical angle at the
same time.
 The centering and leveling was some what difficult.

27
JOB#6(b)
To measure HORIZONTAL ANGLE with
THEODOLITE in the field

PURPOSE:-

This job is done to have an idea that how can we mention

our desired direction and in this way we can easily proceed in our
work. With the help of theodolite we can easily measure horizontal
angle.

APPARATUS:-

 Topcon digital theodolite of least count 5 second

 Ranging rod
 Metric chain
 Plumb bob
 Tripod stand
 Metallic tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the stations at the appropriate position so that maximum

information can be collected.
 Measure the distance b/w the two stations by metallic tape or chain
 Fix the theodolite compass with tripod stand over the main stations
and by performing centering, leveling done the temporary
adjustment of the instrument.
 After adjustment of theodolite measure the horizontal angles b/w
different lines in the field by the repetition method.
 Note all these things in the field book

28
 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:-
Name Observed Observed TOTAL Mean
station of angle(1) angle ANGLE Observed ANGLE B/W
angle (2) angle LINES
A <DAC 98˚43'10'' <DAB=98˚43'10''
<CAB
B <ABD 32˚45'55'' 32˚46'00'' 65˚31'50'' 90˚37'25'' <ABC=90˚37'25''
<DBC 57˚51'30'' 57˚51'30'' 115˚43'00''
C <BCA 50˚05'00'' 50˚05'00'' 100˚10'00'' 83˚40'10'' <BCD=83˚40'10''
<ACD 33˚35'10'' 33˚35'10'' 67˚10'20''
D <ADB 48˚22'25'' 48˚22'25'' 96˚44'50'' 86˚59'15'' <CDA=86˚59'15''
<BDC 38˚46'50'' 38˚26'50'' 77˚13'40''

PRECAUTIONS:-

 Stations should be selected properly.

 Centering and leveling should be done accurately.
 Readings should be taken from the middle of the station points.
 Horizontal angles should be measured by the Repetition Method.
 Reading should be taken accurately.

COMMENTS:-

 The station points are not visible from other stations.

 The poles are not placed at the stations to locate only one station.
 The center of plumb bob and optical plummet was not same.

29
JOB#6(c)
To measure VERTICAL ANGLES with
THEODOLITE in the field

PURPOSE:-

This job is done to have an idea that how can we mention

our desired direction and can locate a point in the field and in this way
we can easily proceed in our work. With the help of theodolite we can
easily measure vertical angle.

APPARATUS:-

 Topcon digital theodolite of least count 5 second

 Ranging rod
 Metric chain
 Plumb bob
 Tripod stand
 Metallic tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the stations at the appropriate position so that maximum

information can be collected.
 Measure the distance b/w the two stations by metallic tape or chain
 Fix the theodolite compass with tripod stand over the main stations
and by performing centering, leveling done the temporary
adjustment of the instrument.
 After adjustment of theodolite measure the horizontal angles b/w
different lines in the field by The Left and Right Face Method.
 Note all these things in the field book

30
PRECAUTIONS:-

 Stations should be selected properly.

 Centering and leveling should be done accurately.
 Readings should be taken from the middle of the station points.
 Vertical angles should be measured by the Left and Right Face
Method.
 Reading should be taken accurately.

COMMENTS:-

 This method is useful when leveling is to be done.

 The angles are measured with right and left face.

31
JOB#6(d)
To find height of AN INACCESSIBLE POINT with
THEODOLITE in the field
PURPOSE:-

The aim of this job is to know the height of those objects

which we cannot directly with the help of tape. So this job facilitates us to
find the height of a point from a station in the field.

APPARATUS:-

 Topcon digital theodolite of least count 5 second

 Ranging rod
 Metric chain
 Plumb bob
 Tripod stand
 Metallic tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Select two points in the form which the height of a point can
be measured.
 Find the distance b/w the points with fiber glass tape.
 Set the theodolite on the stations and horizontal and vertical
angles according to the procedure.
 Find the height of instrument with fiber glass tape.
 Find the height of the point by standard procedure.

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SKETCH:-

CALCULATIONS:-

HORIZENTAL ANGLE:-
INST. STATION ANGLE NAME ANGLE VALUE
A <CAB 88˚27'45''
B <ABC 84˚09'10''

VERTICAL ANGLE:-
INST. FACE CIRCLE VERTICAL MEAN
STATION READING ANGLE VERT. ANGL
A Left 6˚40'45'' 6˚40'45'' 6˚40'25''
Right 173˚20'40'' 6˚39'20''
B Left 6˚36'25'' 6˚36'25'' 6˚35'48''
Right 173˚24'50'' 6˚35'10''

HI at station A=1.48m
HI at station B= 1.40m

By applying cosine laws ant tangent laws we find the

height which came out as given below

From station A= 27.87m

From station B=27.80m

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PRECAUTIONS:-

 Stations should be selected properly.

 Centering and leveling should be done accurately.
 Readings should be taken from the middle of the station points.
 Horizontal angles should be measured by the Repetition Method.
 Vertical angles should be measured by the Left and Right Face
Method
 Reading should be taken accurately.

COMMENTS:-

 The point provided was so big that it was difficult to locate the
center.
 Horizontal angles are measured by the Repetition Method.
 Vertical angles are should be measured by the Left and Right Face
Method
 Height of instrument was measured with fiberglass tape which was
not from the center.
 The optical center and the plumb bob center were not same.

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JOB#7
To carry out TACHOMETRIC SURVEYING in the field

PURPOSE:-

In the technique horizontal and vertical angles are measured

by taking angular measurements. It is adopted in rough and difficult
terrain where direct chaining and leveling is not possible. It is a very
rapid process.

APPARATUS:-

 Tachometer
 Leveling staff
 Ranging rods
 Wooden pegs
 Fiberglass tape

PROCEDURE:-

 Take the appropriate stations and mark a point at known distance.

 Place a ranging rod at the marked point.
 Find the upper and lower stadia readings and in this way find the
multiplying ratio (f/i) and constant (f+d) by applying the
following formula.
D = (f/i)*S + (f+d)
 Again we also practice to find the levels of different points
making by applying different cases.

CALCULATIONS:-

D = (f/i)*S + (f+d)

f/i = 100

and f+d = 0

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JOB#8

To conduct PLANE TABLE SURVEYING in the field

PURPOSE:-

This job is done to prepare a map of the given field roughly.

In this method all the work is done in the field and there is no need of
field work. Plane table survey is suitable for rough work.

APPARATUS:-

 The plane table

 Alidade
 Ranging rod
 Tripod stand
 Measuring tape
 U fork with plumb bob

PROCEDURE:-

 Select the appropriate stations so that maximum details can be

obtained.
 Fix the table on the tripod stand and placed over the required
station.
 Place the sheet on the table.
 Apply the leveling and centering simultaneously in the field.
 Select a suitable scale so that all the details can be collected.
 By seeing through the horsehair of alidade mark the different
object on the sheet.
 Measure the distance with fiberglass tape.
 Collect the details by the following method.
 Radiation method
 Intersection method
 Traversing method

36
SKETCH:-

PRECAUTIONS:-

 Stations should be selected properly.

 Plane table should be properly placed on the stations.
 Centering and leveling should be done accurately.
 Readings should be taken from the middle of the station points.
 Sheet should be plotted to accurate scale.

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