SOLUTIONS

TERMINOLOGIES :
 Colligative property
 Ideal solutions
 Azeotrope
 Ebullioscopic constant
 Cryoscopic constant
 Abnormal molar mass
 Reverse osmosis

Entry questions
1. Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution.
2. Find the mole fraction of NaOH if 20 gm of it is dissolved in 100gm of water.
3. Why is the boiling point of a liquid higher at higher altitude ?
4. If solubility product of CuS is 6x10-16 ,find the maximum molarity of CuS in aqueous
solution.

Topic: S1 S2 S3 S4
Scientific Tools and
Technologies
Scientific Procedures and
Reasoning Strategies
Scientific
Communication/Using Data
Scientific Concepts and
Related Content
Scientific Concepts and
Related Content
Differentiated questions based on concepts:

Level 1
1. Which of these concentration terms are independent of temperature changes.Give reason in support
of your answer. (Molarity,molality , molefraction , parts per million )
2. A sample of drinking water is contaminated with 15 ppm (by mass) of Chloroform. Express this value
in percentage by mass. Also determine the molality of the solution.
3. Boiling point of sea water is always found to exceed 100 C. Why ?
4.a State the Henry’s law and give its equation.
b. In a saturated solution ,.5 x10 -2 gm of ethane exerts a partial pressure of 2.5 bar.Find the Henry’s
constant for the gas.

LEVEL -1

Q.N0 Concept Marks

PRE UNI MULTI EXTENDED

STRUCTURAL RELATIONAL
STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL ABSTRACT
1 Effect of Unable to Able to Can relate all Can Can interpret why
temperature relate relate partly given terms relate giving molarity is used
on reasons based on despite temp
Concentration formula dependance
terms
2 Calculating Unable to Able to find Able to use Can relate Can make
molality use the only mass % the data from between any two inferences about
using ppm formula of mass % to find concentration all concentration
ppm to molality terms terms based on
calculate mass -mass and
mass-volume
relationship
3 Elevation in Need help Able to give Able to apply Able to apply the Can interpret the
B.P to recall only the the relation relation between relationship using
condition to condition between V.P V.P and graphically
attain B.P using vapour and atmospheric
pressure atmospheric pressure for
pressure for different
boiling conditions
4 Henry’s law Needs help Can state Both the Able to give Can interpret real
a&b to state the only the law statement and relation between life phenomenon
law equation are molefraction, using the relation
related solubility and between terms in
pressure of the the Henry equation
gas to solve
numericals.
 SELF APPRAISAL: PEER APPRAISAL:

TEACHER APPRAISAL:

Level -2
1. Explain graphically how the addition of ethanol to water results in a non ideal solution.

2. The following graph of vapour pressure versus freezing point temperature was obtained when sodium
chloride was dissolved in water.

a. What do the terms Tf and T 0f imply?

b. Explain why the graph shifts to the left in the above case.

c. Based on the above explanation account for the use of ethylene glycol in car radiators in winter.

3.
a. Explain osmotic pressure based on the above figure. Account for the fact that equimolar solutions of
KCl and glucose will not exhibit the same osmotic pressure

b. How can reverse osmosis be initiated ?

c.Find the osmotic pressure of a solution containing 25mg of potassium sulphate in 2 litres of water
assuming complete dissociation .

Q.N0 Concept Marks

PRE UNI MULTI EXTENDED

STRUCTURAL RELATIONAL
STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL ABSTRACT
1 Non –ideal Unable to list Able to Can relate Can predict –ve Can interpret real
solutions conditions for identify a between and +ve deviation time applications
ideal few solute – from ideal of non ideal
behaviour conditions solvent behaviour solutions
interactions
and ideal
nature
2 Depression Needs help to Able to Able to Can relate Can make
in F.P define F.P in relate interpret all between inferences about
terms of V.P between F.P data from the depression in F.P all real life
and V.P,but graph and molality and applications of
needs help solve numericals cryoscopy
to interpret
the graph
3 Osmotic Needs help to Able to Able to apply Able to interpret Can predict reverse
pressure define interpret the vant Hoff conditions for osmosis
osmotic osmotic equation for reversing osmosis applications in real
pressure pressure osmotic time.
from the pressure to
diagram solve
numericals

SELF APPRAISAL: PEER APPRAISAL:

TEACHER APPRAISAL:
LEVEL-3

1. From the solubility graph given above for three gases X,Y and Z, predict the gas with highest value of
Henry’s constant .Explain your choice of answer.

2.Vant Hoff factor for 0.01 M acetic acid is 1.04.Find the pH of the solution.

3. Beaker A contains1.22gm of benzoic acid dissolved separately in 100 gm of acetone ( Kb for acetone
is 1.7) and the elevation in b.p was found to be 0.17 K. Beaker B contains1.22gm of benzoic acid
dissolved in 100 gm of benzene (Kb for Benzene is 2.6) and the elevation in b.p was found to be 0.13 K.

a. Calculate the molar masses of benzoic acid in acetone and benzene.

b. From the masses calculate,what do you deduce about the structure of benzoic acid in the two
solvents?

4. When 1 gm of a compound AB2 is dissolved in 25gm of benzene , ΔTf value is 1.60C ,whereas when
when 1 gm of a compound AB3 is dissolved in 25gm of benzene, the ΔTf value is 1.250C. If Kf for benzene
is 5.1,find the atomic masses of A and B.

Q.N0 Concept Marks

PRE UNI MULTI EXTENDED

STRUCTURAL RELATIONAL
STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL ABSTRACT
1 Henry’s law Unable to Able to recall Can relate Can predict Can interpret real
graph recall the equation between solublity using KH time applications
Henry ,but not Henry value for any gas Henry’s law
equation interpret constant and and draw graph
thegraph solublity using data
2 Vant Hoff Needs help to Able to Able to use Can relate Can make
factor- i relate the relate find 𝛼 data to between 𝛼 and inferences
factor to the but needs calculate 𝛼 pH or pOH of any structure of
type of help to find and apply it to type of molecules using
electrolyte pH using it find pH electrolyte the value of Vant
Hoff factor
 3 Abnormal Needs help to Able to find Able to apply Able to interpret Can predict he
molar mass deduce the molar mass the concept of all conditions structure of any
equation ,but unable abnormal abnormal molar molecule based on
between ΔTb to infer the molar mass to mass data of abnormal
and molar reason for explain the molar mass
mass variation in variation
mass
4 Mass from Needs help to Able to find Able to apply Able to interpret Able to interpret any
colligative deduce the molar mass the concept of effect of solvents method of finding
property equation ,but unable to abnormal molar on any colligative molar mass using any
between ΔTf apply the and solve using property given colligative
and molar method to linear equations property
mass solve the linear
equatons

SELF APPRAISAL PEER APPRAISAL

TEACHER APPRAISAL:

EXIT QUESTIONS
1. What happens to the molarity of a solution when it is heated from 25 to 50oC.

2.Account for the following

i.Aquatic life thrives better in cold water

ii.Scuba divers face a painful condition if they rise to the top of the ocean instantly .

3.It is impossible to separate the constituents of a 95.5% (by mass) solution of ethanol and water .

4.What is likely to happen if RBC is placed in

i. 0.5% NaCl solution ii. 1.5 % NaCl solution
Topic: S1 S2 S3 S4
Scientific Tools and
Technologies
Scientific Procedures and
Reasoning Strategies
Scientific
Communication/Using Data
Scientific Concepts and
Related Content

REMEDIAL WORK

GRAPHIC ORGANISER