Here's A Complete List of The 46 Parts of A Filipino House

5/20/2019 Here’s A Complete List Of The 46 Parts of A Filipino House
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Here’s A Complete List Of The 46 Parts of A Filipino

House
Know your history of the parts and furniture pieces of a traditional bahay na bato, from Azotea to Zaguan
by Glenn Martinez Aug 21, 2018
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Photography: Vincent Coscolluela (Main Photo)
Entering a well-preserved Filipino ancestral house is like boarding a time machine. Our
generation is fortunate, because the heirs of these remaining antique houses have put
tremendous effort in preserving their ancestors’ dwellings for us to experience and learn
from it.

IMAGE Miguel Nacianceno. The sala mayor at the Lizares mansion in Negros. RealLiving.com.ph. By continued
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So when traveling back in time through ancestral houses, avoid getting lost by knowing the
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names of important house parts and the things to see in a fully furnished bahay na bato.
IMAGE Vincent Coscolluela. A dining room in a house in Taal, Batangas
For starters, the traditional rooms in a typical Filipino ancestral house from the 19th century
consist of the caida (receiving room), sala mayor (main living room), comedor (dining room),
oratorio (prayer room), cuartos (bedrooms), cocina (kitchen), and azotea (an open balcony that
served service kitchen). These rooms are located on the second oor living quarters.
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IMAGE Miguel Nacianceno. A cuarto or bedroom in the Lizares mansion.
Some houses have entresuelo (mezzanine) that were divided into function rooms such as a
despacho (home of ce) and a couple of guest rooms for an old aunt or cousins visiting from
the province. The ground oor with the zaguan that looks like a damp dungeon serves as We use cookies to ensure you get
parking space for the family carriage and carrozas, and storage for farming supplies and the best experience on
produce. It also houses the cuadra (stable) for the horses.
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IMAGE Vincent Coscolluela. A traditional cocina in Taal.
The following is a list of selected house parts and furniture found in each room of a bahay na
bato. Homeowners who may want to recreate the look and feel of an ancestral house might
also nd this glossary helpful:
Ah Tay bed

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IMAGE Rene Mejia
A intricately carved four poster bed famous for its kalabasa detail (squash) bedposts made by
a famous 19th century craftsman from Binondo.
Aljibe We use cookies to ensure you get

A water cistern located in the azotea that was lled with rainwater or potable water bought RealLiving.com.ph. By continued
from an aguador (water vendor). In some occasions, table silver and jewelry are lowered into use, you agree to our privacy
the slimy bottom of the aljibe to hide them from local bandits. policy and accept our use of such
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Almario
A vertical pillow rack used to air-dry pillows, bed linens, and banig (woven mats) during the
day. It was placed at a corner in the sala of single-room house at a time when family members
slept together on mats spread on the living room oor. It was eventually moved into the
bedroom when the use of proper beds became popular.
Aparador de Tres Luna
A towering three-door cabinet in the master bedroom crowned with fretted scrollwork. It
was named for the mirrors attached to its doors.
Aparador ropero
A storage bin for used, soiled clothes. It is made out of a wooden frame with rattan screen
(solihiya) woven onto the sides. One side opens for the contents to tumble out without
having to invert the hamper.
Azulejo

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IMAGE Vincent Coscolluela
Expensive, patterned hand-painted tiles imported from Spain used to decorate the stair
landings or descanso. A locally made version is the Machuca (a trademark, proper name is
“encaustic tile”).
Banggera
A slatted wooden dishrack attached to a dining room or a kitchen window. It is used for air-
drying newly washed tableware and kitchen utensils before they were kept in the platera
(sideboard) or pamingganan (plate cabinet). We use cookies to ensure you get
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IMAGE Miguel Nacianceno
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A hat and cane rack placed at the caida or the staircase landing.
Batibot Chair
A metal version of the cane bentwood chair. Batibot means “enduring.”
Calado
Pierced wooden panels above doors or walls of each room that allow light and air to
circulate in the house. A status symbol were the calados designed with art nouveau patterns
by famous sculptors of the time such as Emilio Alvero and Isabelo Tampingco.

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Columnilla
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A decorative colonette that divides a window into two sides. Most popular styles used are
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Returncolumns that spiral upward into a Gothic arch.
Concha
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Latticework panels that framed the translucent capiz shells used to completely shut
windows at night or during a storm.
Coquina
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Coral rock quarried from reefs during low tide was used as ground oor building material in
places where no adobe limestone is available.
Escritoriong tinipaklong
A sewing table traditionally placed in a lady’s bedroom and seldomly used as a side table.
Espejo
Spanish word for mirror. In building terms, these were transoms above windows to allow
more daylight in. Transoms that have tracery patterns were called espejong calado.
Gallinera
A bench with a built-in chicken coop underneath. These were designed for tradesmen and
tenant farmers who brought in ghting cocks while waiting for the master of the house.
Kulompyo
A rocking chair, also called tumba-tumba or mercedoras.
Lavadores or lavadera
A freestanding washstand with a swinging mirror and basin. This was a standard bedroom
accessory, along with the orinola.
Media aquas or tapangcos
Metal window awnings or canopies decorated with tin cutouts.
Mirador

IMAGE Glenn Martinez
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A small room at a tower that is in the highest oor in the house and is used as a lookout. It is
topped by a weather vane with the letter O for oeste, the Spanish word for west.
Painadora
A dresser with a mirror. The full-length mirror usually comes with two adjustable side
mirrors and a marble top called the tremor.
Paminggalan
This food cabinet with slatted doors to keep leftover food properly aired also functions as a
plate cabinet. Its legs stand on tin cans lled with water or petroleum to discourage insects
from crawling towards the food.
Piedra China

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Blocks of white stone that paved the zaguan of houses near the port. They were originally
used as counterweights of Spanish galleons.
Persiana
Jalousies on window panels that shield the house interior from the sun while letting air in. A
free-standing persiana called biombos was used as divider between the dining room and the
volada to conceal a servant pulling a cord to swing the cloth fan over the dining table called
the punkah.
Postigo
A service door that was cut on the side of the main doors to serve a pedestrian passage while
the wide and tall double doors opened to the carruaje (carriage) and the empty carozza ( oat We use cookies to ensure you get
to carry saint’s statue during processions). the best experience on
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A lounging chair that allow a sitter to stretch out his legs on the unusually long armrests. cookies. Find out more here.
Sillon Fraile
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A chair made for the convent but found its way to the gentry’s residence. It is wider than a
lounging chair to accommodate stocky friars, hence its name.
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Silong
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This hollow space beneath a bahay kubo was for storing livestock. In a bahay na bato, this was
sometimes used as storage of family jewels and jars of silver coins. Back then, tenants caught
stealing were imprisoned by landlord in the silong.
Teja de curva
Clay roof tiles that were laid carefully on the roof of a bahay na bato. A tile roof traditionally
kept the bahay na bato cool.
Urna

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A carved altar that enshrines statues of saints made out of wood or ivory.
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Vajilera
A tall, glass-fronted display cabinet meant for keeping porcelain plates and glassware.
Another version is the cristaleria that was exclusive for keeping glassware.
Viriña
IMAGE Rene Mejia
A bell-shaped glass jar (or bell jar) that was used to encase statuettes or a diorama of biblical
scenes.

Vitrina
A small shelf with glass that keep curios free from dust. RealLiving.com.ph. By continued
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IMAGE Dakila Angeles

A small window located right under the barandilla (windowsill) that allows air to come into the best experience on
the house through elaborate grillwork or wooded balustrades. Blank boards were slid in and RealLiving.com.ph. By continued
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Volada

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IMAGE Dakila Angeles
Comes from the Spanish word volar, meaning “to y,” and this refers to a cantilevered
walkway that runs along the window side around the house. In the past, the galleria volada
was used by servants to go from room to room, since the main oors of the house were
reserved for the masters.
Glenn Martinez is a heritage enthusiast and a travel blogger. Follow him on his artistic and cultural
adventures in his blog Traveler on Foot.

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