07 - Chapter 2 PDF

Schema of abbreviations used for enumeration of plants
Herbarium of French Insitute, Pondicherry

Sanskrit Tamil Hindi Sanskrit
imum tenuifloru n L {AO.

9^mi
X f
(\( sanctum L). Eng; Sacred Basil. H, S & Tibbi: Thulasi.
S Surasah Tibbi: Ra hun. Tani: Nallathulasi. Undershrubs, cultivated, also run wild. A,
H &vS: Whole plant U ^ S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam:RHT 3474, 14181, 14183, 19677.
Ayurveda Homoeopathy Siddha Unani Siddha Rapinat Herbarium,

Tiruchiraoalli
ANGIOSPERMAE
DICOTYLEDONS
RANUNCULACEAE
Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. Climber. Distrib: Coimbatore,

Dharmapuri , Madurai, Nilgiri, North & South Arcot , Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2874. RHT
l O n O , 12422, 18359, 18841
Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC, S: Dhanaval1i. S & Tarn: Vathamkolli.

Neendaval1i. Climbing shrub, Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Sap
of stem. Exsicc. exam: MH 153207. MH 82593. RHT 16200, 12251,
18308.
Thalictrum foliolosum DC. S: Pitaka. Trayamanah. Herbs. Distrib:

Nilgiri. A: Whole plant, rhizomes. Exsicc. unavailable.
DILLENIACEAE
Dillenia indica L. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Nilgiris. A:

Fruits, leaves and bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 207 (Gamble'. 1886). MH
208 (Cleghorn s.n.! 1856).
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Tam: Naithaekku. S: Nagakesara. Trade:

Malabar Nagakesaram of S.India. Deciduous trees. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Tirunelveli, A: Fruits. Exsicc. exam:
MH 105328. MH 81607.
MAGNOLIACEAE
Magnolia grandiflora Linn. Eng: Tree Lotus. Bull Bay. Evergreen

tree. H: Flowers.Exsicc.exam:RHT 7524, 19622, 16222. Thanikaimoni
1175 (HIFP). DSB 3407. 4322.
Michelia champaka L. Tam: Shenbagam. Sampangi. H & S: Champaka.

Evergreen tree. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Flowers,
fruits, seeds & roots. S: Flower buds. Exsicc. exam: Fyson!
s.n. ( P C M ) . PCM 6863 & 2787 (Without c o l l e c t o r s ' n a m e ) .
53
Thanikaimoni 894 (HIFP). Blasco 593 (HIFP). DSB 371 , 5035, 5476,
5477. RHT 10275, 22971, 24212.
ANNONACEAE
Annona reticulata L. Eng: Bullock's Heart. H: Luvuni. S: Ramphala.

Tarn: Ramsita. Small tree. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves & bark. Exsicc.
exam: MH 059 (Bidie S.n. • 1873). MH 55415.
Annona squamosa L. Eng: Custard Apple. S: Gandhagatra. H & Tibbi:

Sharifa. S & Tarn: Seetha. Cultivated tree. A: Fruits, seeds,
leaves and root. Exsicc. exam MH 102737. MH 75481. DSB 3166.
Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thwaites H: Debdari. Eng: Mast

Tree. S: Ulkatah. Kastadaruh. Tarn: Assothi. Nettilingam. Asogam.
Planted tree. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Bark. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3096.
Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wall, ex Wight & Arn. {-Unona narum Dunal) S:
Nilavalli. Val1isakotah. Tarn: Pulichan. Climbers. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 16234, 3472,
9890, 15115, 29152.
MENISPERMACEAE
Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. Tam: Kakkai Kolli Vidhai. S:
Kakanasika. Garalaphala. H: Kakmari. Eng: Fish Berry. Lianes.
Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A:
Fruits, seeds, leaves. H; Fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12372, 987.
Ramesh 1238 (HIFP). DSB 4327, 5072. 5524, 5523.
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman

(=C. pareira Linn.; C. hirsuta Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) S: Ambashta. H:
Akanadi. Tam: Appatta. Urikkakodi. Paadakizhangu. Perennial shrub.
Distrib: Almost all districts.A: Leaves, bark, tuberous root. S:
Roots. H: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 24935. MH 133556.Thanikaimoni
1182 & 1320 (HIFP). DSB 4444, 4828. RHT 12274, 11381.
54
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels (=C. villosus (Lam.) DC. Menispermum
hirsutum Linn.) H: Jamti-ki-bel. S:Chi1ihintah. Ratalagarudah.
Tarn: Kattukodi. Tibbi: Mahiezehraj. Climber. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Roots, leaves. S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT
1623. RHT 18552. DSB 81 .
Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Coleb. Eng:Ceylon/False Calumba.

H: Darhaldi.S: Daruharidra. Tarn: Maramanjal. Manjalkodi. Climbing
shrub. Distrib: Nilgiri. A: Stems. S: Mature stems. U: Stem.
Exsicc. unavailable.
Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (=Menispermum peltatum

Lam.;Cyc1ea burmannii Hook.f. & Thoms.)S: Patha. Tam: Para.
Paadakizhangu. Climbing shrub. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, North & South Arcot, Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Roots.Exsicc. exam: DSB 2843,
5472. RHT 8206, 10212, 25324.
Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers (=S. hernandifolia sensu Hook.f.

& Thomson; Menispermum japonicum Thunb.) Eng: Tapevine. H: Par. S:
Patha. Shrubby climber. Distrib: C o i m b a t o r e , D h a r m a p u r i ,
K a n n i y a k u m a r i , M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i , Salem Tiruchirapal1i,
Tirunelveli. A: Leaves, bark and roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 1001. MH
95468. MH 32147. DSB 3516, 3985, 5308. RHT 10058. 22351.
Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson H: Bagamushada. Tam:

Kodaparuval1i.A large evergreen shrubby climber with yellow
flowers. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i,
Tirunelveli. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 135143. MH 88168. RHT
19204, 23669, 12275.
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson H &

Tibbi: Gilo(i). S: Guduchi. Tam: Amritavalli. Chintil. Climbing
evergreen shrub. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai, North
& South Arcot, Thanjavur, A, S & U: Stem, roots. Starch extracted
from stem and roots. H: Stem. Exsicc. exam: RHT 18364. 1917,
20388. Thanikaimoni 1163, Ramesh 1119 (HIFP).
DSB 3623, 4090, 5192, 5521-A, 5690, 5691.
55
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. (=N. stellata Wi11d.)S: Kumudham. Tarn:

Alii. Karuneithal. Nilothpalam H: Chotakamal. Eng: Water Lily,
Aquatic herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Flowers, seeds.
peduncles, roots, rhizomes. S: Flowers, rhizomes. Exsicc. exam:
MH 143621. 99312. DSB 4199.
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Tarn: Vendamarai. Aquatic herbs. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A: Flowers, seeds, roots, rhizomes. S:
Flowers, rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12282, 26523, 16126, 25026.
NELUMBONACEAE
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner H: Kamal. S: Padma. Pundarika.

Tam:Thamarai . Aambal. Eng: Lotus. Aquatic herbs. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, South Arcot,Tiruchirapal11,
Tirunelveli. A & S: Flowers, rhizomes, seeds,1 eaves,roots,
stamens. U: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: MH 142225. MH 50958.
DSB 3607. RHT 16257, 26322, 27811.
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone mexicana L. Tam & H & S: Brahmadhand(u). S: Swarnakshiri.

Tibbi: Satyanasi. Tam: Ponnumaththai. Armed herbs. Distrib: Almost
all districts.A: Seed-oil, leaves, latex, roots. S: Latex, leaves,
whole plant. H: Seeds, latex. Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 4766, 5719. RHT 12297, 1574. 16315.
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Armed annuals. Distrib: Nilgiri.H:

Seeds, latex, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3439. 5410.
Eschscholtzia californica Cham, Eng: Californian Poppy. Herbs.

Cultivated. H: Whole plant Exsicc. exam: DSB 4336.
Papaver somniferum L.H: Aphim. S:Ahiphena. Tam: Posthaka.

Kasakasa. Abini. Herbs strictly under licensed cultivation. A:
Seeds, seed oil, unripe capsule, flowers, latex from unripened
capsule (Opium). S: Opium, seeds. U: Opium, seeds, empty
capsules.Other: Source of the opium alkaloids.Exsicc. exam: DSB
694. Included under the authority of Nair et al. (1983)
56
FUMARIACEAE
Fumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (=F. vailanti i Loisel var. indica

Hassk.; F. parviflora Lam subsp. vaillantii sensu Hook.f. &
Thorns.) Eng: Common Fumitory. H: Pitpapra. Tam: Tusa. Herbs. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 97309. RHT 22429, 28065.
Fumaria officinalis L. Herbs. Distrib: Nilgiri, Salem. A: Whole

plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 69283, 1228. DSB 5455.
Fumaria parviflora Lam. S: Pitpapra. Herbs. Distrib: Nilgiri,

Salem. A & S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 97309. MH 84687.
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherb. CocAj7©ar7a

armoracia L.Eng: Horse- radish. Herbs. Rootstocks perennial. H:
Root tubers. Exsicc. unavailable. Flowers/fruits not seen.
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. S: Sarsapah. Rajikah. Tam:

Kadugu. Herbs. A, S & U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3341, 5587.
RHT 16265, 21622.
Brassica rapa L. (=S. campestris L. ssp. rapa (L.) Hook.f. & T.

And.) Eng: Turnip. Tam: Karuppukadugg. Herbs. A & U: Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1078.
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch H: Rai . Sarson. S: Sarsapa. Tam:

SiruKadugu. Herbs.A, S & H: Seeds. Leaves.Exsicc. exam: MH 155939.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata Eng: Cabbage. S: Kembukah. Kemukh.

Tam: Muttaighos. A: Leafy inflorescense. Exsicc. unavailable.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus (-Thiaspi bursa-pastoris L.)

Eng: Shepherd's purse. Herbs. Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri. H: Whole
plant, Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni 203 (HIFP). DSB 3539.
Cheiranthus cheiri L. Eng: Wall Flower. Cultivated annuals. H:

Whole Plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2266.
Iberis amara L. Eng: Rocket/Bitter Candytuft. Herbs. H: Seeds.

Exsicc. exam: DSB 2952, 5300.
57
Lepidium sativum L. Eng: Garden Cress. H: Halim. S: Asalika.
Chandrashura. Fam: Alivlrai. Ilurbs. A: Seedtt, leaves, roots.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 23434.
Raphanus sativus L. Eng: Radish. S: Mulak(a). H: Mu11i. Tarn:

Mullangi. Herbs. A: Seeds, leaves, tubers. S, U & H: Tubers.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 12312, 28081. Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB
3237, 5614, 5615.
CAPPARACEAE
Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce (=C1eome fruticosa L.; Cadaba indica

Lam.) Tam: Kaatagatti. Vizhuthu. Straggling shrubs. Dist: In most
of the districts. S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7133, 16274,
14143, 21793, 22253.
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgeworth {=Sodada decidua Forsk.;

Capparis aphylla Roth.). S: Karirah. Tam: Sengam. Sirakkali.
Shrubs or small trees. Distrib: Tirunelveli. A: Roots, fruits.
Exsicc. exam: MH 1555.
Capparis sepiaria L. H: Kanthari. S: Kakkadhani. Tam: Karunjurai.

Shrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 5245. RHT 17408, 27778.
Capparis zeylanica L. C. horrida L.f. H: Ardanda. Tam: (A)thondai.

Kaarthotti. S:Athondan. Ahimsara. Armed climbing shrub. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A & S: Leaves, root bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB
1884. 4050, 5014. RHT 22595, 26134, 21937, 22500.
Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. (=Capparis magna Lour.iCrataeva nurvala

Such.-Ham.; C. religiosa Forst.f. var. nurvala (Buch.-Ham).
Hook.f. & Thorns.; C. religiosa sensu Kunn). H & Tibbi: Barna. S:
Varuna. Tam: Maralingam. Maavilangam. Trees.Distrib :
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, North & South Arcot,
Tirunelveli, Salem and Tiruchirapal 1 i. A & S: Leaves, stem bark,
root bark. S & U: Stem bark, leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH
87416, 45291, 1782. DSB 2455. RHT 23091, 29485.
58
Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A.Rich. (=Capparis oblongi folia
Forsk.; Maerua arenaria (DC.) Hook. f . & Thorns. -.Nieburi a arenaria
DC.) Tarn: Mulmurandai. Bhumichakkarai. Woody climbers. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A & S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 90299, 54250,
109474. 45330.
CLEOMACEAE
01eome g y n a n d r a L.{=Gynandropsis pentaphylla ( L . ) DC;CI some

pentaphylla L.; Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.). H: K a r a l i a .
S: A j a g a n d h a , Pasugandha. Suvarchala. Tam: Kaatukadugu.
N a l l a v a e l a i . H e r b s . D i s t r i b : A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s . A & S: Whole
p l a n t . S: L e a v e s , f l o w e r s , s e e d s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3 6 4 1 , 4 0 6 8 ,
5 4 0 9 , 5 4 8 4 . RHT 1 4 2 6 8 , 1 5 4 2 8 .
Cleome m o n o p h y l l a L. H e r b s . D i s t r i b : I n most o f t h e d i s t r i c t s . A &

U: L e a v e s , s e e d s . E x s i c c . e x a m : MH 9 7 1 0 7 , 1 3 1 1 5 2 , 6 8 1 7 1 . RHT
20937, 1 4 1 1 .
Cleome v i s c o s a L. H: H u l h u l . Tam: N a a i k a d u g u . S: P a s u g a n d h a . Tam:

N a a i v e l a i / k a d u g u . D i s t r i b : I n most o f t h e d i s t r i c t s in lower
e l e v a t i o n s . A: S e e d s , l e a v e s . S: L e a v e s , s e e d s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB
3 6 1 4 . RHT 5 7 7 6 , 1 1 3 4 6 .
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L . ) F.v. Muel 1 . ( = Ion7c/7ty/n suffruticosum

(L.) Ging.; Viola enneasperma L . ; V. suffruticosaL. ) . H:
Ratanpurus. S: Padmakarani. Amburuha. Tam: Orilai/
Orithazhthaamarai. Herbs/undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all
d i s t r i c t s . A & S: Whole p l a n t , leaves, s t a l k s , roots. Exsicc.
exam: 32371 S h e t t y . 40592 S u b b a r a o . MH 3 2 6 6 4 , 9 9 2 3 6 , 1 8 6 5 , 1 8 6 2 ,
1 5 9 4 0 2 . RHT 1 6 2 9 2 , 1 9 5 8 7 . 5 9 9 9 .
V i o l a o d o r a t a L. Eng: Sweet Violet. Tam: V a y i l e t t u . H:

B a n a p h s ( h ) a . H e r b s . H: W h o l e p l a n t , f l o w e r s . U: W h o l e p l a n t .
E x s i c c . exam: T h a n i k a i m o n i s . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB 1 0 1 6 .
Viola tricolor L. Eng: Pansy. Heart's ease. Herbs. H: Whole plant.

Exsicc. exam: RHT 201, DSB 3478, 5248.
59
BIXACEAE
Bixa orellana L. Eng: Dye Arnatto. H: Latkan, S: Sindurl. Tarn:

Japhara. Uragumanjal. Trees. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves, roots,
bark. H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 210. RHT 12244. RHT 22241.
Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIPP).
DSB 4454, 5233.
COCHLOSPERMACEAE
Cochlospermum r e l i g l o s u m ( L . ) A l s t o n (=Bombax religiosum L.;
CochJospermum gossypium D C ) . H: Kumbhi . S: Gi r i s a l m a l i k a . Tam:
K a a t u / M a l a i - p a r u t h t h i . Thanaku. K o n g i l l a m . A r a b : K a t h e e r a . T r e e s .
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari ,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Salem, South Arcot,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Gum, l e a v e s , f l o w e r s . 8: Gum, f l o w e r s . U : Gum.
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3889. RHT 6 8 1 1 , 21776, 26363.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia elllptica Willd. (=C. tomentosa Roxb.). H: Chi la. Tam:

Kadichai. S: Chilhaka. Shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Salem, South Arcot,
Thanjavur,Tiruchirapal1i. A: Fruits, bark. Exsicc.exam: 84143
Ravishankar (MH 155871).2337 Subramanyam. (MH). MH 136381. DSB
5431. RHT 23666, 11837, 16214, 14090, 18066, 21406.
Casearia esculenta Roxb. Tam: Kottargovai. Trees. Distrib:

Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram,
Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Fruits, bark.Exsicc.
exam: MH 108259, 22203.
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. i=Gme1ina indica Burm.f.;

Flacourtia ramontchi L'Herit.).H: Kanju. S: Svadukantaka. Tam:
Katu/Malu/Sottai-kala. Kodumundi. Shrubs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Fruits, leaves, roots,bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 66458,
78433, 110518. RHT 15471, 18332. 22167, 27860, 16046.
60
Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch.{=Stigmarota jangomas Lour.;
Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. ex W i l l d . ) . H: Paniala. S:
Vikankatah, Sruvavrksah. Prachinamalak. Tarn: Sarala. Vaiangarai.
Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore. A: Fruits, leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam:
MH 49494. 97045.
Hydnocarpus laurifolia (Dennst.) Sleumer {=Munnicksia laurifolia

Dennst.; Hydnocarpus inebrians Vahl ; H. wightlana B1ume). H:
Chaulmooghra. S: Kusthapa. Tuvarakah. Tam: Maravett(a)i. Trees.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli.
A: Seeds, Oil from seeds. Exsicc. exam:
MH 92046, 1959, 20140.
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala chinensis L.(=P. glomerata Lour.). H: Meradu. Herbs.

Distrib: Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal 1 i.
A: Whole plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: 34388 Shetty. 1973
Subramanyam.(MH). MH 76055 68515. DSB 3148.
Polygala telephioides Willd. ( = P. brachystachya D C ) . Diffuse

herbs in open grasslands. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Dharmapuri,
Kanniyakumari, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli. A: Leaves, roots.
Exsicc. exam: MH 99384, 107920. RHT 20843.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. (=Achyranthes corymbosa

Linn.).Tam: Nilaisedachi. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 103345, 13713, 70921.
Stellaria media (L.) Vi11. (=Alsine media L.). Herbs. Distrib:

Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem. H: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3453. RHT 5180, 25814, 10059.
Vaccaria pyramidata Medicus; {=Saponaria vaccaria L . ) . H: Musna.

Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3350. /3\/«-I ^^''^^^'"^
61
PORTULACEAE
Portulaca oleracea L. var. oleracea Eng: Common Purslane. H:

Khursa. S: Brihatloni. Ghotlka. Tam: Karlkkeerai. Pulikkeerai.
Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant, seeds.
Exsicc. exam: 36061 Sharma, 311 Raghupathy.(MH). MH 329, 69400.
DSB 568. RHT 22147, 20630. 3663, 16600, 16317.
Portulaca quadrifida L. S: Loni. Tam: Chinnaparuppukeerai. Herbs.

Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Salem, Erode, Thanjavur,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 71822, 152721,
38734. RHT 16318, 28302, 78.
TAMARICACEAE
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsten; (-Thuja aphylla L.; Tamarix

oriental is Forsk.). Trees, cultivated. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH
120720. RHT 27809, 295, 11406.
Tamarix troupii Hole; ( = 7. gaTlica auct. non L.). H: Jhau. S:

Jhavuka. Tam: Kiri. Sirusavukku. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Galls and Manna (Gummy exudation).
Exsicc. exam: Perumal s.n. (RHT 17912/MH 129344). 86472 Ramamurthy
(MH). MH 147712.
CLUSIACEAE (GUTTIFERAE)
Calophyllum inophyllum L. Eng: Alexandrian Laurel. H: Sultan

Champa. S: Punnagam, Tam: Punnai. Pinnai. Trees. Distrib: Most of
the districts. A: Seeds, leaves, bark. S: Bark, flowers, fruits,
seeds. Exsicc. exam: 53571 & 64173 Ramamurthy (MH). DSB 3618. RHT
12412, 306, 12863, 22682, 23700.
Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. Trees. Distrib: Nilgiri, Tirunelveli.

A: Fruits, seeds, bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robs. (=Ca/r;/bos'7a gummi-gutta L.; Garcinia

cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr.; Mangostana cambogia Gaertn.; Garcinia
cambogia Mar. conicarpa (Wight) T. And.). S: Vriksamlah. Tam:
Kodukkapuli. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri,
62
Tirunelveli. A: Leaves, dried fruits. H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam:
34299 Shetty. 38139 Radhakrishnan. (MH). RHT 27228. Ridsdale 316
(HIFP). Ramesh 822 (HIPP); DSB 3931, 4989, 5402-04, 5377,5378,
5603.
Garcinia mangostana L. Eng: Mangosteen. Tarn: Mangusthaan. Trees.

A: Fruit, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2963.
Garcinia morel la (Gaertn.) Desr. (=Mangostana morella Gaertn.).

Tam: Iravachinni. Makki. H & S: Tamalk(a). S: Kalaskandah. Hiravi.
Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli. A: Fruits, bark.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 22883.
Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T. Anderson; (=Xanthochymus

pictorius Roxb. ; X. tinctorius DC. ; Garcinia pictoria Roxb.;
G. tinctoria (DC.) W.F. Wight). H & S: Tamal(a). Tam: Tamalam.
Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A: Fruits, seeds, bark.
Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterman; (=CalophyT Turn

suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Ochrocarpus longifolius (Wight) Benth
ex T. And.; Calysaccion Tongifolium Wight). S: Nagakesara. Tam:
Nagappu. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A:
Flowers.
Mesua f e r r e a L. s s p . ferrea; Tam: Naangu. Nagakesaram. H & S:

Nagkesara. T i b b i : Narmushk. T r e e s . D i s t r i b : Coimbatore,
K a n n i y a k u m a r i , M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A & S: F r u i t s ,
seeds, f l o w e r s , l e a v e s , b a r k , stamens, o i l . E x s i c c . exam: 39969
Sharma. 25059 S e b a s t i n e . (MH) .
THEACEAE
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz; i=Thea sinensis L.; Camellia

sinensis (L.) Kuntze; C. thea Link; C. theifera Griff.). Eng: Tea.
Tam: Theyilai. H: Cha(i). S: Syamaparni. Caha. Shrubs. H & A:
Leaves. Exsicc. exam: Blasco s.n. (HIFP). Thaikaimoni 124 (HIFP).
DSB 5360, 5625.
63
Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth; { = Gordonia wal lichii D C ) . Eng:
Needlewood. H: Chilauni. Trees. Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri. A: Stem
bark. Exsicc. exam: Matthew 1653, 2480 (RHT).
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Shorea roxburghii G. Don; H: Sha1. S: Aswakarma. Jam: Kungiliam.

Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Madurai, Nilgiri, North &
South Arcot. A: Stem bark. Exsicc. exam: 54218 Chandrabose. 18047
Jacob. 84159 Ravishankar. (MH). RHT 26958, 26961.
Valeria indica L. Tarn: Vel1aikunthirikam. S: Chagakarna.

Ajakarna.Barjah. Tibbi: Raal. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Tirunelveli, Kanniyakumari.A: Bark, resin, oil. Exsicc. exam:
47427 Chandrabose. 48250 Henry. (MH). DSB 1299.
MALVACEAE
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.; (= Hibiscus esculentus

L.).Eng: Lady's Fingers.H: Bhindi. S: Dindish. T: Vendai. Herbs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam:
29964 Chandrabose (MH). DSB 3171, 5490.
Abelmoschus moschatus Medicus; (=Hibiscus abelmoschus L.). Eng:

Musk Mallow. H: Muskdhana. S: Latakasthuri. Tam: Vartilaikasthuri,
Kattukasthuri. Herbs/undershrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai,
Nilgiri. A: Seeds, leaves,
roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 764.
Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet; {=Sida hirta Lam.; Abutilon

graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wight & Arn. var. hirtum (Lam.)
Mast.). Undershrubs. Distrib: All districts. A: Leaves, roots,
bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 19973, 22248, 20332.
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. indicum; H & Tibbi: Kanghi. S:

Atibala. Tam: Raniyarathuththi. Thuththi. Undershrubs. Distrib:
All districts. A: Leaves, roots, bark, seeds. S: Roots, leaves,
flowers, seeds. U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4016. RHT 11108,
3668, 21598.
64
Abutilon theophrastii Medicus; (=AbutiIon avicennai Gaertn.)- Eng:
Indian mallow. S: Jaya. Undershrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore. A:
Leaves, bark, roots, seeds. Exsicc. exam: 29963 Chandrabose. (MH).
Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. i=A1cea rosea Linn.). Eng: Hollyhock.

Herbs. A: Stem, roots. Exsicc. exam: Matthew 1798, 2700 (RHT).
Gossypium arboreum L. H: Lalkapas. S: Karpasa. Raktasatika. Tarn:

Sembaruthi. Sivappuparuthi. Shrubs, cultivated. Distrib: All
plains districts. A: Seeds, leaves, roots. S: Whole plant. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Gossypium barbadense L. Tam: Seemaiparuththi. Erect undershrubs,

cultivated for cotton. Distrib: All districts. A: Seeds, roots.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 30248, 14706, 17446, 26514.
Gossypium herbaceum L. H: Rui . S: Karpasha. Tam: Uppamparuthi.

Undershrubs, cultivated. Distrib: All districts in lower
elevations. A: Seeds, leaves, flowers, roots, root bark. Exsicc.
exam: 609 Barber! (MH 4646); 200 Barber!
RHT 409. RHT 16382. DSB 3168.
Gossypium hirsutum L. Tam: Paruthi. Cultivated undershrubs.

Distrib: All districts. A: Seeds, roots, root bark. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Hibiscus cannabinus L. H: Ambari. S: Nalita. Tam: Pulichchai.

Herbs. Distrib: Almost all plains districts. A: Flowers, seeds,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3180. RHT 29910, 25338, 17649, 20148.
Hibiscus mutabilis L. Tam: Sembaruthi. Trees. Cultivated.

A: Flowers, roots, bark, leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. H: Jasum. S: Japapushpa/patra. Tam:

Sembaruthi. Tibbi: Gul-e-Gurhal. Shrubs. A & S: Roots, flowers,
leaves. U: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4713, 5295, 5323, 5659,
5660, 5644.
Malva sylvestris L. Herbs. Distrib: 'Madras'.(Gamble, 1918; Nai r

et al. 1983). A: Stem, roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
65
Pavonia odorata L. S: Vatak. Hrivera. H: Sugandhabala. Tarn:
Peraamutti. Herbs. Distrib: All districts. A: Roots. S: Whole
plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1933. RHT 17030, 17779, 20130,
25145, 15212.
Pavonia zeylanica Cav. Tarn: Chitthamutti. Herbs. Disrib: All

districts. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 5857, 12485, 16801, 18134.
Sida acuta Burm.f. (=S. carpinifolia sensu Masters). S: Bala. Tarn:

Malaithangi. Arivaal-mooku Keerai. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost
all districts in lower elevations. A: Roots. S: Roots, leaves.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 5306, 5477. RHT 12286, 18473, 1092, 11355,
19753.
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borssum; {-Melochia cordata Burm.f.; Sida

verom'cifoJla Lam.; S. humills Cav.). H: Bhiunli. S: Bala.
Bhumi/Naga-bala. Tam: Palampaasi. Herbs. A: Flowers, fruits,
leaves, roots, bark, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2676.
Sida cordifolia L. H: Kungyi . 8: Bala. Tam: Ni1athuththi.

Kurunthuththi. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Whole plant, seeds, leaves, roots. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
4663. RHT 16340, 19661, 19719, 29783.
Sida rhombifolla L.(=S. rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming). Tam:

Chitramutti. Adhibalachedi. Kurunthoatty. S: Mahasamanga. Bala.
Adhibala. Undershrubs. Distrib: All districts. A: Whole plant,
leaves, stem, roots. S: Roots. (Note: The varieties obovata,
retusa and rhomboidea are interchangeably used). Exsicc. exam: DSB
1671, 5386. RHT 19453, 15453, 18786, 25800.
Sida spinosa L. S: Mahabala. Tam: Arivaalmanaipoondu.

Mayirmanikkam. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 16341, 3721, 22519, 24857.
Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. ex Dalz. {=Hibiscus lampas Cav.).

Undershrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri,
North & South Arcot, Salem, Tirunelveli. A: Flowers, fruits,
leaves, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 76071, 82610, 105496.
66
Thespesia populnea (L.) Solander ex Correa; (^Hibiscus populneus
L.). Eng: Indian Tulip-Tree H: Paras-pi pal. S: Gardhabhanda.
Haripucchah. Parisha. Tarn: Poovarasu. Trees. Distrib: All
districts at low elevations. A: Flowers, fruits, leaves, bark,
roots. S: All parts, flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3657. RHT 12106,
19188, 24010.
Urena lobata L. subsp. lobata; H: Bachita. Sa: Vana-bhenda. Tarn:

Ottatti. Undershrubs. Distrib: All districts at low elevations. A:
Flowers, stem, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4874, RHT 12614, 22203,
25831 .
BOMBACACEAE
Adansonia digitata L. Eng: Monkey-bread tree. H: Gorakamli.S:

Gangerukei . Tarn: Anaipuli. Paappaarapul i . Trees. A: Fruits,
leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam: 53092 N.C. Nair, (MH 102326). 65883
Srinivasan. (MH) . MH 83098. RHT 27273, 27410, 27000, 27217.
Bombax ceiba L. {=Bombax malabaricum DC; Salmalia malabarica

(DC.) Schott & Endlicher). S: Kantakadruma. Raktasalmali. Mocha.
Tarn: Purani. Mulilavam. Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Roots, gum, bark, fruits, seeds, flowers, leaves. Exsicc. exam:
39945 Sharma. 13556 Joseph. (MH). RHT 27273, 27217, 27000.
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner; {=Bombax pentandrum L.; Driodendrum

pentandrum (L.) Kurz). S: Kuta/Sveta-salmali. H: Kapas. Safed-
simul. Tarn: Ilavam. Trees. A: Fruits, flowers, leaves, stem,
bark, roots.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1169, 5194, 5694, 5695.
STERCULIACEAE
Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endlicher. Trees. A & H: Nuts.
Helicteres isora L. H & Tibbi: M a r r o o r p h a l . S:Avartakee.

Mrigasringhi. Tam: Valamburi. Shrubs.Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Fruits, seeds, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1140.
RHT 18266, 16532, 9957, 10239.
67
Melochia corchorifolia L. Tarn: Pinnaakkukeerai. Herbs. S: Leaves.
Distrib: In most of the districts. Exsicc.exam: RHT 5424, 6690,
10693. 24853, 20040.
Pentapetes Phoenicia L, H: Dophariya. S: Arkavallabha, Bandhukah.

Shrubs. A: Roots, fruits.Exsicc. exam: RHT 16393, 29488.
Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Pentapetes acerifolia

L. H: Kanakchampa. S: Karnikara. Tarn: Vennangu. Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu. A: Flowers, leaves. Exsicc. exam: Cleghorn s.n.!
(1857). Bidie s.n.! (1873) (MH 5119).
Pterospermum canescens Roxb. P. suberifolium (L. ) Lam.

P. suberi folia L. H: Muchkund. S: Muchakunda. Tarn: Sembolavu.
Venn-nangu. Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Flowers,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: 51187 & 60271 Ramamurthy.(MH). RHT 27268,
15603, 14170, 21319.
Sterculia foetida L. H: Jangli-Badam. S: Putidaru. Vitkhadirah.

Tam: Pinari. Moolaithengai. Kudiraipidukku. Trees, A: Heartwood,
fruits, seeds, leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam:MH 11199, 4707. RHT
7056, 24104, 30235, 27533, 11397.
Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex DC. Tam: Murathan. Vakkai. Aanai-ver.

Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot. A:
Heartwood, fruits. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 84335. MH 45436.
Theobroma cacao L. Eng: Cacao. Cocoa. Tam: Coco. Trees. H: Cocoa

beans. Exsicc. exam: PCM (1 Sheet with no details), DSB 2964,
5324, 5608. RHT 30055.
TILIACEAE
Corchorus aestuans L. ( = C acutangulus Lam.). Annual herbs.

Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 3159. 5519. RHT 18239, 24818, 16878, 30252, 20020.
Corchorus capsularis L. H: Titapat. Sa: Kalashaka. Herbs. Distrib:

Chengalpattu, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB
2771. RHT 453.
68
Corchorus fascicularis Lam. Annual herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram, South Arcot, Thanjavur,
Salem & Tiruchirapal1i. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 26549,
9096, 11053.
Corchorus oUtorius L. H: Koshta. S: Pattasaka. Tarn: Peratti .

Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3116. RHT 16414, 6179, 20907, 21242, 10691.
Corchorus trilocularis L. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:

Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 19389, 20905, 24012, 5423.
Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tarn: Tavadu. Herbs or undershrubs. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 157852.
MH 155932. DSB 5340. RHT 19762. 20455, 23986, 29806.
Grewia subinaequal is DC. H: Phalsa. S: Parusha. Tam: Palisa.

Shrubs or small trees. A: Fruits, leaves, root bark. Exsicc. exam:
MH 6037.
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fieri {=Charara tenax Forsk.; Grewia

populifolia Vahl; G. betulifolia Juss.). Shrubs.
Distrib:Coimbatore , Dharmapuri, Madurai, Ramanathapuram,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Leaves, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 31067. MH
38811. RHT 19309, 27972.
Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl S: Dtianvangah. Dhanuvrkshah. Tam: Unu.

Thadu. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, South Arcot, Salem, Dharmapuri,
Tirunelveli, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bark, fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5240, 5337. RHT 16425, 13737, 22068, 27466, 23260, 14051.
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. H: Chikti. S: Jhinjarita. Tam:

Ottupullu. Puramutti. Suffruticose herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Fruits, flowers, leaves, bark, root. Exsicc, exam:
DSB 3816. 4685. RHT 543, 10595, 10850, 18540, 11384.
LINACEAE
Hugonia mystax L. S: Kamsamarah. Tam: Agori. Mothirakanni. Shrubby

climbers. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 3960, 19327, 15274, 22200, 27874, 14153.
69
Llnum usitatissimum L. Eng: Flax. S: Atasi . Tarn: Alshi. Herbs. A:
Seeds,flowers,leaves,bark. H & U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 58606,
85184.
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxy1 urn coca Lam. Tarn: Sivadari Shrubs.

cultivated. H: Leaves. Exsicc unavailable.
MALPIGHIACEAE
H i p t a g e b e n g h a l e n s i s ( L . ) Kurz i=Banistera benghalensis L.;

Hiptage madablota G a e r t n . ) . H: M a d h a v i l a t a . S: M a d h a v i . Tam:
Adhigam. Madhavi. C l i m b i n g s h r u b . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s .
A: Leaves, v i n e , b a r k , f l o w e r s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4953, 5064,
5512, 5513. RHT 3796, 12421, 21842, 27136.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Fagonia c r e t i c a L. {~F. arabica L . ; F. mysorensis Heyne ex R o t h ) .

Spiny u n d e r s h r u b s , D i s t r i b : C o i m b a t o r e , Ramanathapuram. U: Leaves,
t w i g s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 32876.
Guaiacum o f f i c i n a l e L. Eng: L i g n u m - v i t a e . T r e e s , p l a n t e d . H: Wood.

E x s i c c . exam: MH 57500. MH 54797. RHT 574. RHT 12533. RHT 16442.
Thanikaimoni s . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB 4486.
T r i b u l u s t e r r e s t r i s L. ( = 7 . lanuginosus L . ) . H:Chotaghokhru.
S:Goksura. Svadamstra. Tam:Nerunji. S i r u n e r i n j i . Tibbi:
Khasakhurd. Kharekhashkh. Herbs. D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s .
A: F r u i t s , l e a v e s , stem, r o o t s . H: Whole p l a n t . S & U: F r u i t s . S:
Seeds. E x s i c c . exam: Guinet s . n . ( H I F P ) . Blasco s . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB
3178, 5260, 5 4 8 1 . RHT 19775, 11300.
GERANIACEAE
Geranium nepalense Sweet Shrubs, cultivated in hi 11 stations,

Oil, leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 58843. MH 7147 MH 66940.
70
Pelargonium graved ens L'Heritier Eng: Geranium. Shrubs. A: Oil
Exsicc. exam: DSB 5448. RHT 2910, 19047.
TROPAEOLACEAE
Tropaeolum majus L. Eng: Garden Nasturtium. Perennial succulent

herbs. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Oistel s.n. (HIFP).
Thanikaimoni 118 (HIFP). DSB 3389, 5228. RHT 22359, 25665.
OXALIDACEAE
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. var. sensitivum {=Oxa1is sensitiva

L.). H: Lajalu. 8: Jhullipuspa. Tam: Theendanazhi. Herbs. A: Whole
plant, seeds, leaves, root. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1630. RHT 24890,
27996, 24778, 17708, 24957.
Oxalis acetosella L. Herbs. Distrib: Nilgiri. H: Whole plant.

Oxalis corniculataL.Eng:Yellow wood-sorrel. H: Aamrul-saag.S:

Changeri. Tam: Puliyaarai. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts.
A: Whole plant, leaves. S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3296,
5231, 5241. RHT 12540, 19522, 25659, 17105.
AVERRHOACEAE
Averrhoa bilimbi L. H & S: Bilimbi. Tam: Pulichakkai. Trees. A:

Fruits, flowers, leaves.Exsicc. exam: MH 65845. DSB 3790, 5307.
RHT 12556. 16446, 26607.
Averrhoa carambola L. H & 8: Karmaranga. Karmarah. Tam:

Tamarattai. Trees, cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds, flowers, leaves,
roots. H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Paul Devaraj 152 (PCM). RHT
26578, 26643.
71
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens balsamina L. var. balsamina H: Gulmendhi. S:

D u s h p a t r i j a t i . Tarn: K a s i t h u m b a i . H e r b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A: F l o w e r s ,
w h o l e p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH 8 2 6 6 6 , 9 8 6 6 0 , 1 4 9 6 3 5 , 1 0 4 2 2 4 . DSB
1438.
RUTACEAE
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (=Crataeva marmelos Linn.). H & Tibbi:

Bael(giri). S:Bilva. Sivadrumah. Sriphala. Tarn: Vilvam. Koovilam.
Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves,
roots, bark. S: Roots, fruit pulp, unripe fruits, leaves. U:
Fruits. H: Leaves, Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP).
DSB 4411, 5375. RHT 18001, 14100.
Atalantia malabarica (Rafin.) Tanaka {=A. monophylla Correa). H:

Janglinimbu. S: Atavi-jambhira. Tam: Kaatukichchi1i. Shrubs. A:
Berries, leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 77858. MH 85499. RHT
15390, 19006, 19961, 16919, 23999, 22722.
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle; { = Limonia aurantifoT ia

Christm.); Citrus medica L. var. acida (Roxb.) Hook.f.). Eng:
Country lime. H: Kaghzinimbu.S:Brihat-Jambira. Tam:
Elumichchai.Naratthai. Shrubs or small trees. A, S & U: Fruits,
juice of ripe fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1052. RHT 13762.
Citrus aurantium L. Eng: Orange. Tam: Aaranju. Trees. A: Juice of

fruits, bark, leaves. S: Fruits, leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck; (=C aurantium L. var. grandis L.; C.

decumana L.; C. maxima (Burm.) M e r r . ) . Eng: Pambalimas. H:
Chakotra. S: Madhukarkatee. Tree under cultivation. A & H: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: Fyson 5718! (PCM). DSB 2970. RHT 30376, 30433.
Citrus aurantium L. var. bigaradia Hook.f.;(=C vulgaris

Risso).Eng: Seville Orange. Small trees, cultivated. H: Fruits,
rind.Exsicc. exam: DSB 4100.
Citrus limetta Risso; (=C. medica L. var. limetta (Risso)

Hook.f.). Eng: Sweet lime. H: Mithanimbu. S: Mistanimbu. Tam:
Kolumichchai. Trees cultivated. A: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 81018.
72
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. (=C. medica L. var. Jimon L.;C. medica L.
var. limonum (Risso) Hook.f.; C. limonum Risso). H: Jambhira. S:
Nimbuphala. Tarn: Malaielumichchai. Periya-elumichchai. Trees. A, S
& H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 81148. RHT 694. DSB 3413, 4097.
Citrus medica L. var. medica. Eng: Citron. Tarn: Kadaranarththai.

Thurinj1pazham. H: Thuranj. Beejapura. Trees. A: Fruits, flowers,
roots. S: Fruits. U: Rind of fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 153273,
91941, 88192.
Citrus reticulata Blanco; (=C. chrysocarpa Lush.). Eng: Loose

skinned orange. S: (Svadu)Naranga. H: Santara. Tarn: Kamala-orange.
Narangam. Trees. Cultivated. A: Fruits, flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3551 .
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck; (=C. aurantium Linn. var. sinensis

Linn.). Eng: Sweet orange. Trees, cultivated. A: Fruits, juice of
fruits. Exsicc. unavailable.
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. (=Limonia pentaphylla Retz.;L.

arborea Roxb.; Glycosmis cochinchinensis sensu Gamble).
H: Bannimbu. S: Vadadru. Asvasakota. Tarn: Amam. Kulapanai. Shrubs
or small trees. Distrib: All districts. A: Whole plant, leaves,
twigs, roots. H: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam: Pascal 1286
(HIFP). Ranf>esh 950 (HIFP) . DSB 4445, 4532, 5650-52.
Limonia acidissima L. {=Feronia elephantum Correa). Eng:

Woodapple. H: Kathbel. S: Kapitha. Tam: Vilanga. Tibbi: Kabit.
Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Ramanathapuram, Salem South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A & S: Fruits,
leaves, bark, gum. Exsicc. exam: MH 135023,102930, 28594. RHT
1126, 16142, 1840, 11032.
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (=Bergera koenigii L.). Eng: Curry

leaves. H: Katnim. S: Surabhinimba. Kalasaka. Tam: Kariveppilai.
Karuveppilai. Trees. A: Leaves, bark of root, whole plant. H & S:
Leaves. S: Twigs. Exsicc. exam: Bourne! s.n.(PCM). Guinet s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 3678.
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. ('=C/ia 7cas paniculata L.; Murraya

exotica L.). H: Kamini.S: Marutaka. Tam: Seemaikonji. Shrubs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Leaves, bark, flowers. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 4775, 5074, 5527. RHT 22113, 15111, 3653.
73
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson; {=Limonia crenulata
Roxh..Hesperethusa crenulata ( R o x b . ) M. R o e m . ; Limonia acidissima
a u c t . non L i n n . ) - T r e e s . D i s t r i b : I n most o f the d i s t r i c t s . A:
Flowers, f r u i t s , roots. E x s i c c . exam: MH 1 5 7 2 9 0 , 9 7 6 7 2 , 6 8 8 5 4 .
DSB 1 9 3 9 . RHT 1 6 8 5 2 , 2 3 1 9 3 .
Ruta c h a l e p e n s i s L . ; {=R. graveolens L. v a r . angustifolia sensu

Hook.f.). S:Gucchapatra. Satap. Tarn: A r v a d h a , Pi 1 l a i v a l a t h t h i .
S h r u b s . A & S: L e a v e s . U: L e a v e s , Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB
5 2 3 6 . DSB 3 4 0 8 , 4 2 9 6 . N o t e : The t r u e G a r d e n Rue ( R u t a g r a v e o l e n s
L . ) d i f f e r s f r o m t h e above p l a n t and i s n o t seen commonly i n
cultivation i n S. I n d i a . ( A n o n . , 1 9 7 2 . W e l t h o f India 9:94-96).
T o d d a l i a a s i a t i c a ( L . ) Lam. {=Pau11inia asiatica L.; Toddalia

aculeata Pers.). H & Tibbi:Kanj. Jang!i-kalimirch. Eng: Forest
p e p p e r . S: K a n c h a n a h . T i k s n a k a h . Tam: K a a t u m i l a g u . M i l a g a r a n a i .
Shrubs. D i s t r i b : A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t , roots,
l e a v e s , b a r k , f l o w e r s , f r u i t s . S: Whole p l a n t , r o o t b a r k . E x s i c c .
exam: DSB 3 3 1 1 , 3 5 7 0 , 3 6 2 0 , 4 9 6 9 . RHT 1 8 8 7 0 , 2 5 2 6 6 , 2 3 1 1 7 , 1 4 5 6 0 .
Vepris b i l o c u l a r i s (Wight & A r n . ) E n g l e r ; (=Todda1ia bilocularis

W i g h t & A r n . ) . H: A g a r . S: K r i s h n a - a g a r u . Tam: K a a r a g i l . T r e e s .
D i s t r i b : C o i m b a t o r e . A: H e a r t w o o d . E x s i c c . exam: MH 8 0 3 2 .
Z a n t h o x y l u m a r m a t u m DC.(=Z. alatum Roxb.). Shrubs. Distrib:

Nilgiri. A: Fruits, seeds, bark, stem, thorns. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Zanthoxylum r h e t s a ( R o x b . ) DC. (=Fagara rhetsa Roxb.; Zanthoxylum

budrunga ( R o x b . ) D C ; Fagara budrunga R o x b . ) . H: Bad r a n g . S :
A s h v a g h r a . Tam: T r a e t a k k a i . T r e e s . Distrib: Coimbatore. A:
F r u i t s , b a r k , r o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 7 9 6 3 .
SIMAROUBACEAE
A l l a n t h u s e x c e l s a R o x b , H & S. Mahanimba. Tam: P e r u p p i . T r e e s .

Distrib:Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Salem,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A : L e a v e s , b a r k . E x s i c c . e x a m : DSB 3 3 0 2 . RHT
11795, 22030, 16609, 26529.
74
Quassia amara L. Eng: Soap-bark. Shrubs or small trees. H:
Wood.Exsicc. exam: RHT 704. Legris s.n. (HIFP). Guinet s.n.
(HIFP). Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3779.
BALANITACEAE
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (= Ximenia aegyptiaca L.; Balanitea

roxburghii Planch). H: Hingan. S: Ingudee. Tam: Nanjunda. Trees.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A:
Fruits, seeds, bark, leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1850. RHT
27563, 27572, 22527.
BURSERACEAE
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Coleb. (=B. glabra Roxb.;S, serrata

Roxb. var. glabra (Roxb.) Bennett).Trees. H: Devdhoop. Salai. S:
Sallakee. Kundruskah. Tibbi: Kundur. Tam: Kungiliam.
Parangisambirani. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Salem, South
Arcot. A & S: Trunk bark, gum resin. Exsicc. exam: MH 79059,
45324. RHT 26909, 20433.
Canarium strictum Roxb. H: Kaladamar. S: Kaladhoop. Tam:

Karumkungi1iam. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri,
Salem, Tirunelveli. A & S: Gum resin. . Exsicc. exam: MH 81571,
79840, 8875. RHT 2050, 7576, 18510.
Garuga pinnate Roxb. H: Ghogar. S: Kinkireta. Krishnamlika.

Gollka. Tam: Karivembu. Anaikaarai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Fruits,
leaves, roots, stem, galls. Exsicc. exam: MH 135021, 81641. RHT
19423, 22058, 16510, 20457.
MELIACEAE
Aglaia elaeagnoidea (Juss.) Benth. var. elaeagnoidea; {=Nemedra

elaeagnoidea Juss.; Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight & Arn.) Miq.;
Milnea roxburghiana Wight & Arn.). H & S: Priyangu. Tam: Chokkala.
Gnaazhal . Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri,
Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli. A: Fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH
1428M, 68759, 78937. RHT 3232, 3699, 5552, 14183, 14584.
75
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall. Parker; {=Ag1aia polystachya Vâ^^ . ;
Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.; Andersonia rohituka Roxb.).
H: Roheda, Harinhara. S: Rohitakah. Tarn: Mel ampuluvam.
Pechampagai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Seeds, bark, H: Bark. Exsicc.
exam: MH 85508, 85512, 160504. RHT 18449, 22896, 28246.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.C=We77a azadirachta Linn.). Tam: Vepa

Eng, H & Tibbi: Neem. S: Nimba. Prabhadrah. Trees. Distrib: Almost
all districts at lower elevations. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves,
twigs, bark. S & U: Whole plant. H: Bark. Exsicc. exam: Blasco
s.n. (HIFP). Legris s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4059, 5263.
Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Tam: Vedhivembu. Agil. Trees.

Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH
96967, 112611. DSB 1903. RHT 9243, 1886, 13967, 13909, 29427.
Melia azedarach L. H & Tibbi: Baka(y)in. Bahain. Eng: Persian

Lilac. S: Mahanimba. Tam: Malaivembu. Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Fruits, seeds, flowers, roots, leaves, bark,
gum. S: Bark, leaves. U: Leaves, kernels. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4890.
RHT 5944, 8181, 22556, 25720.
Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. (=Swietenia febrifuga Roxb.).

H: Rohan. S: Mansarohinee. Tam: Shem. Somimaram. Wond. Tree.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram,
Tiruchirapal1i, Dharmapuri, Salem. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 9316,
73107, 75275. RHT 26598, 16915, 20453, 27847.
Toona ciliata M. Roem. {=Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottl. & Willd.).

H: Toon. S: Nandivriksha. Tam: Santhaanavembu. Thoonasevvagi1.
Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Flowers, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB
135. RHT 16689, 1881, 22323, 9336, 27251.
Trichilia connaroides (Wight & Arn.) Bentvelzen; (=Zanthoxy1um

connaroides Wight & Arn.; Heynea trijuga Roxb. ex Sims; H. affinis
A. Juss.; Trichilia affinis A. Juss.). Tam: Karai. Karaivilangi.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, Tirunelveli,
Dharmapuri, South Arcot. A: Leaves, stem, bark, roots. Exsicc.
exam: MH 78766M, 84250. DSB 5583, 5604. RHT 27759, 17125, 14061.
76
Walsura trifolia (A. Juss.) Harms; {-Heynea trifolia A. Juss.;
Walsura piscida Roxb.)- Tarn: Waal sura. Kanjimaram. Trees. Distrib:
In most of the districts. A: Flowers, fruits, roots, bark, leaves.
Exsicc. exam: MH 147851, 33892, 91960. RHT 26244, 27043, 29410,
27553.
OLACACEAE
Olax scandens Roxb. Tam: Kadalranchi. Shrub. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Nilgiri, North & South Arcot, Tiruchirapalli, Dharmapuri, Salem.
A: Stem, leaves, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 9479, 71780, 68235.
RHT 27450, 16527, 13482, 12899, 25478.
ICACINACEAE
N o t h a p o d y t e s nimmoniana (Graham) Mabberly; (=Premna nimmoniana

Graham; Nothapodytes foetida ( W i g h t ) S l e u m e r ; Stemonurus foetidus
W i g h t ; Mappia foetida ( W i g h t ) M i e r s ; M. wight iana Miers;
M.tomentosa M i e r s ; M. ovata M i e r s ) . Trees. D i s t r i b : Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i s , T i r u n e l v e l i . Other: Seeds.
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3 8 4 2 , 5 1 0 1 , 5 5 6 4 .
S a r c o s t i g m a k l e i n i i Wight & A r n . S: I n g u d i . Tam: O d a l . P o o v e n n a i .

Climbing shrub. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiris,
T i r u n e l v e l i . A: B a r k , l e a v e s , o i l . E x s i c c . exam: OSB 5 6 3 4 .
AQUIFOLIACEAE
I l e x a q u i f o i l urn L. S h r u b s , c u l t i v a t e d . H: Leaves and berries,

E x s i c c . exam: Matthew 8 4 0 , 2 5 6 4 - A ( R H T ) .
CELASTRACEAE
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. H & Tibbi: Malkangani. S:

J y o t i s h m a t h i . K a n g u n i . P i t a t a i l a . Tam: V a a l u l u v a i . Climnbing
s h r u b . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A & S: F r u i t s . A: B a r k ,
leaves. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 1 0 8 . RHT 7 0 0 7 , 2 7 3 9 2 , 1914, 8 0 8 3 ,
14889, 27727, 16508.
77
RHAMNACEAE
Vent11ago denticulata Willd. (=V. calyculata Tul.). H: Pitti. S:

Raktavalli. Tam: Pappi1i. Climbing shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Nilgiri. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 157296, 96563, 84133.
Ventilago maderaspatana Gaertner. H & Tibbi: Ratanjoth. S:

Dinesavalli. Raktavalli. Tam: Vempaadam. Pappi1i. Raththapaalai.
Surulpatthai. Climbing shrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Bark. Red dye obtained from the plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 31478,
45222, 141711, 73171. DSB 2903. RHT 20678, 22276, 26849, 20764,
26218.
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. var. mauri tiana; ( = Z. jujuba (L.)

Qaertn.; Rhamnus Jujuba L.).H & Tibbi: Baer. Unnab.S: Badara.
Kolah. Tam: Elandhai. Trees. Distrib: All dry districts. A:
Fruits, seeds, leaves, bark, roots. S: Leaves, mature and
juvenile, bark, root bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2487, 5481, 5482. RHT
19151. 20638, 11321, 57952. 14630.
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. (=Rhamnus nummularia

Burm.f.). Tam: Kargodi. Shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Kanniyakumari, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli. A: Fruits,
bark. Exsicc. exam: E. Vajravelu 51838 (MH).
Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. {-Rhamnus oenoplia L.). H: Makai. S:

Laghubadara. Karkanduh. Tam: Kottei-elandhai. Sooralmullu.
Shrubs/small trees. Distrib: Almost all dry districts. A: Fruits,
bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4624. RHT 12634. 12080, 19317.
18226. 51827. 12744.
Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Wi 1 Id. (=/?â/7»r>t/s xyJopyrus Retz,). Tam:

Kottei-ilandhai. Shrubs or small trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A:Fruits, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5485. RHT
5302, 15002, 3969, 24282, 14441.
VITACEAE
Ampeloclssus araneosa ( D a l z . & G i b s . ) Planch (=Cissus araneosa

D a l z . & G i b s . ; V i t i s a r a n e o s u s ( D a l z . & G i b s . ) Lawson) S:
C h a m a r a m u s a l i . C l i m b i n g s h r u b . A: S t e m , t u b e r o u s roots.
78
Distribution; Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i,
Ti runelveli. Exsicc. exam: RHT 891, 2755.
C a y r a t i a carnosa(Wa1 1 . ex Wight & A r n . ) G a g n e p . { = Vitis

car/7osa( Lam.) Wall.) S: Gandirah. Tam: Kaatupi randai . Twining
shrub. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 5427. RHT 878, 888, 6188, 11124, 21353.
Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Juss. ex Gagnepain var. pedata; (=Cissus
pedata Lam.; Vitis pedata (Lam.) Wall, ex Wight). S: Gandiram,
Hanshapadi. Tam: Kaatuppirandai . Shrub. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4437, 4687,
5474. RHT 16562, 16565, 1995, 5252, 22832, 17007.
Cissus quadrangularis L. Eng: Square-stalked vine. H: Nallar.

Hadjora. S: Asthi-samharita/srinkhala. Vajraval1i.Tam: Pirandai.
Tibbi: Harjorah. Succulent shrubs. A: Stem. A & S: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: Swamy 302 (PCM). Legris s.n. (HIFP). Kernest s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 3608, 5025, 5464, 5465. RHT 5757, 11202, 21198.
Vitis vinifera L. S & Tam: Dhraaksha(i ) . H & Tibbi: Angoor.

Kishmish. Maweez. Shrubs. A: Fruits, flowers, leaves, young
branches. H, S & U: Dried fruits. Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 5026, 5466. RHT 877.
LEEACEAE
Leea aequata L. H & S: Kakajangha. Shrub. A: Stem, roots. Distrib:

"Madras" (Nair et a1. 1983). Note: Included under the authority of
Nair et a1. (loc. cit.). Exsicc. unavailable.
Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (=Phytolacca asiatica L.; Leea crispa

L.; L. aspera Edgew.;/.. edgeworthii Sant.). Undershrubs. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Leaves, tuber.
Exsicc. exam: MH 73685, 66390.
Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem.(=L. robusta Roxb.; L. diffusa

Lawson; L. latlfolla Wall, ex Kurz; L. cinerea Lawson; L. coriacea
Lawson; L. venkobarowii Gamble). S: Hasthikarna-palasha. Shrubs.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH
11275.
79
L e e a i n d i c a ( B u r m . f . ) Merr. i=Staphy1ea indica Burm.f.; Leea
sambucina (L.) Willd.; Aquilicia sambucina L.). H & S:
Kurkurajihwah. S: C h a t r i . Karkatjihva. Tarn: O t t a n a l i . Shrubs.
D i s t r i b : Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, N i l g i r i , Salem,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: L e a v e s , r o o t s .
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 2 5 3 , 5 6 2 1 . RHT 9 0 4 , 9 0 9 2 , 1 3 0 4 9 , 2 9 4 6 3 , 2 4 1 9 4 .
SAPINDACEAE
Allophylus serratus Radlk. S: Triputah. Trees. Distrib:

Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiris, Salem. A: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 9224, 4655, 14184, 21049.
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. H: Kanbhutti. S: Indravalli.

Paravatapadi. Tejovathi. Tibbi: Qilqil. Tam: Mudukottam. Kottuvan.
Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts at lower elevations. A: Whole
plant, leaves, roots, seeds. H: Whole plant. S: Fruits. U: Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFP). Shankaranarayanan s.n. (HIPP).
DSB 3132, 3621, 5673, 5674. RHT 22225, 3765, 4358, 14072.
Litchi chinensis Sonner {=Nephelium lichi Camb.; Dimocarpus litchi

sensu Ait. non Lour.) Tam: Litchi. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves.
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl; (=S. trifoliata sensu Hiern, non

Linn,). H & Tibbi: Ritha. S: Phenila. Rithakaranja. Tam: Pounanga.
Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits, seeds, roots.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3877. RHT 12525, 22652, 18801, 14164, 6464,
21321.
Sapindus laurifolia Vahl (= S. tri foliata sensu Hiern ). S:

Aristakah. Phenilah, Tam: Poovan/Ponnan-Kottai. Trees. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal 1 i ,
Tirunelveli. A: Roots, bark, fruits. Exsicc. unavailable.
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (= Pistacia oleosa Lour.;

Schleichera trijuga Willd.). H: Kusum. S: Mukulakah. Raktamrah.
Lakshavrikshah. Tam: Puvam. Puvatti. Kolama. Poomarudhu. Trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Seeds, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB
1847. RHT 22235, 27066, 13893, 23276, 27765.
80
ANACARDIACEAE
Anacardium occidentale L. Eng: Cashew. H: Kaju. S: Batada.

Virkkabijah/phalah. Venamrah. Tarn: Mundiri. Trees. A: Fruits,
seeds, bark, roots, leaves. H: Shell of nuts. Exsicc. exam: Rajan
86229 (HIFP) . Thanikai tnoni s.n. (HIPP). DSB 2924. RHT 12720,
21297.
Buchanania lanzan Sprang. (=B. latifolia Roxb.). H & Tibbi:

Chirownji. S: Priyala. Tarn: Mudaima. Saraiparuppu. Trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits, roots, leaves, stem,
gum, kernels. U: Kernels. Exsicc. exam:DSB 2904. RHT 22883, 7767,
26956, 26368.
Lannea coromandelina (Houtt.) Merr. (-Dialium coromandelium

Houtt.; Odina wodier Roxb.). H: Jingan. S: Jinginee. Tam: Wodien.
Anaikkarai. Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Leaves, bark,
gum. S: Bark, leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 74806, 96750. RHT 12666,
27810, 13328, 15004, 20440, 12928, 13914.
Mangifera indica L. H & Tibbi: Aam. Anba. S: Amna. Tam: Maa.

Trees. A: Fruits, seeds, kernel, leaves, bark, gum. S: Tender
leaves, bark. H: Bark. Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFPO. Blasco
s.n. (HIFP). 3625, 4102. RHT 6583.
Schinus molle L. Trees. H: Leaves, fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7620.

RHT 7622. DSB 4321.
Semecarpus anacardium L.f. var. anacardium Eng: Marking nut. H &

Tibbi: Bhilawan. Baladar. S: Aruskarah. Bhallataka. Tam:
Shenkottai, Serankottai. Thembarai. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu.
Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari , Nilgiri, North & South Arcot, Salem,
Dharmapuri. A, S & H: Fruits, oil from fruit wall, kernels.
Exsicc. exam: MH 134959. MH 97462. Ramesh 647 & 1232 (HIFP). RHT
5445, 13440, 21959, 27732, 17187, 14568.
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz {,=Mangifera pinnata L.f.; Spondias

mangifera Willd.; S. acuminata Roxb.). H: Amra. S: Amratakah. Tam:
Ambalam. Kaattuma. Kaathimaakiraangai. Mambulichi. Trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits, leaves, bark, roots.
Exsicc. exam: MH 84217, 93225. RHT 13366, 24059, 22772, 27584,
27032.
81
MORINGACEAE
Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Gibbs. H: Janglisajna. S: Vanasigru.

Tarn: Kaatumurungai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Fruits, bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1862, 5200, 5706,5707. RHT 17695, 13163. 22589,
23052, 20233.
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertner; (=Af. oleifera auct. non Lam.).

Eng: Drumstick. S & H: Sajna. Sahinja. S: Sigruh. Sobhanjanah.
Tibbi: Sahajana. Tam: Murungai . Trees. A, S & U: Seed oil, whole
plant, gum, leaves, bark. A: Roots, leaves. H: Leaves, fruits.
Exsicc. exam: RNV 505 (PCM). Blasco 2262 (HIFP). DSB 5206,
5716,5717. RHT 30298.
FABACEAE (PAPILIONACEAE)
Abrus precatorius L. Eng: Wild liquorice. H: Gumchi. Ratti.S:

Gunja. Tam: Kundumani. Kundrimani. Tibbi: Ghungchi-surkh. Twining
shrubs.Distrib: In almost all districts, at lower elevations. A &
S: Roots, leaves, seeds. H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2272, 5417.
Pascal 345 (HIFP). Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3027, 4656.
Arachis hypogea L. Eng: Groundnut. H: Mungphali. S: Buchanaka.

Mandapi. Tam: Vaerkadalai. Herbs. Cultivated. A & S: Seeds, oil.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4693, 4755. RHT 30399, 982, 1366.
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (=Erythrina monosperma Lam.; Butea

frondosa Koen.). H & S: Palas(ah). Tibbi: Samag-e-Dhak.
Palaspapra. Tam: Porasu. Palasu. Murukkan. Samada. Trees.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, North &
South Arcot, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Seeds,
flowers, leaves, bark, gum. S: Bark, gum, seeds. U: Gum, seeds.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1902. RHT 11824, 6886, 6190.
Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills. {=Cytisus cajan L.; Cajanus indicus

Spreng.) Eng: Pigeon-pea, H: Arhar. S: Adhaki. Tam: Thuvarai.
Shrubs. A: Seeds, leaves. H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4757,
4923, 5603. 5604. RHT 1042, 20429. 6260.
82
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. {=Do1ichos gladiatus Jacq.;
Canavalia ensiformis sensu Baker). S: Asisimbi. Mahasimbi. Tarn:
Sigappu Thambattai. Climbing shrub. A: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5595.
Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. [=Do1ichos virosus Roxb.;

Canavalia ensiformis DC. var. virosa (Roxb.) Baker). Climbers,
flowers pink. Distrib: Dharmapuri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 16658, 8334,
11037, 1017, 11358.
Cicer arietinum L. H, S & Tibbi: Channa(ka). Nakhund. Tarn:

Chundakkadalai. Pottukkadalai. Herbs. A & S: Seeds, leaves. Acid
exudation of moistened seeds. U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12637,
21129.
Clitoria ternatea L. H: Sankaphooli. S: Sankhapushpi. Aparajitham.

Girikarnika.Tam: Kannikodi.Kakkarattan. Kaakanam. Climbing herbs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Roots, seeds. U: Root bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 2491. RHT 1014, 12726, 16566, 16992, 11401.
Crotalaria juncea L. Eng: Sun Hemp. H: Sunn. S: Sana. Tarn: Sanal.

Shrubs. A: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4033. RHT 15492 24834, 25026.
Crotalaria pallida Dryand. i=C. striata DC, C. striata var.

acutifolia Trimen) S: Sanapuspi. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1114, 16582, 10256.
Crotalaria retusa L. S: Sana-puspi/ghamtika. Tam: Kilukiluppai.

Shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Madurai,
Nilgiri, North Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i, Ramanathapuram, Salem. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 30339, 7699, 20340, 23125, 26484.
Crotalaria verrucosa L. H: Jhunjhunia. S: Sanapushpi. Tam:

Vattakiluki luppai . Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 482, 3663, 5175. RHT 19150, 12710, 5696,
16703.
Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. Eng: Cluster beans. S: Ksudrasimbi.

Goraksaphalini. Tam: Koththavarai. Herbs, cultivated. A: Pods.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 12721, 16650, 29991, 30258, 15678.
83
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. H & Tibbi: Sisham. S: Simsupa. Tarn: Sissu.
Gette. Eeti. Desi. Trees. A: Leaves, bark, wood, roots. U: Wood.
Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Liane. Distrib: Coitnbatore, Nilgiri,

Salem. A: Stem bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 31463.
Derris trifollata Lour. i=D. uJiginosa (Roxb.) Benth.; Galedupa

uliginosa Roxb.). Climbing shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Madurai, South Arcot, Thanjavur. A: Root bark. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 22702, 25422, 28322, 28418.
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (=Hedysarum gangeticum L . ) . H:

Sarivan. Salvan. S: Shaliparni, Prisniparni. Tarn: Pulladi. Orilai.
Undershrubs. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Whole plant,
roots. H & S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFP).
Orukaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3115, 5505. RHT 16030, 11951, 19135,
7877. 19977.
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. S: Tripadi. Tam: Sirupulladi. Herbs.

Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant, Exsicc. exam: RHT
6607, 11885, 5427, 6418, 21189.
Dolichos trilobus L.(=D. falcatus auct. non Klein ex Willd.).

Slender twiners. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant.
Erythrina stricta Roxb. Tam: Murukkai. Trees. Distrib: Nilgiri,

Salem, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bark, leaves, flowers.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 19508, 26605, 22049, 23222, 27589.
Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,

Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Salem. A: Bark, leaves, flowers. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 27416, 19012. 16762, 17818.
Erythrina variegata L.{=B. indica Lam.). H: Mandhar. S:

Paribhadra. Tam: Kalyana/Mul-murungai . Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai. Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot.
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bark, leaves. S: Bark, leaves, flowers. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 2274. RHT 6663, 27417, 10066, 16623, 18880.
84
G l y c i n e max ( L . ) M e r r . (=Phaseo1us max L.; Glycine max s e n s u
B a k e r ) . Eng: Soya-bean. H: B h a t . Herbs. A: Whole p l a n t , seeds.
G l y c y r r h i z a g l a b r a L. H: J a t h i m a t h . S: Yashtimadhu. T i b b i : A s l - u s -
soos. Rubb-us-soos. Tarn: Adhimadhuram. P e r e n n i a l h e r b s . A, S & U:
R o o t s . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e . F l o w e r i n g not o b s e r v e d .
I n d i g o f e r a a s p a l a t h o i d e s V a h l ex DC. S : S i v a n i m b a . Tarn:
Sivanarvembu. Herbs. A & S: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DBS 500.
RHT 20147, 25042, 29776.
I n d i g o f e r a l i n i f o l i a ( L . f . ) R e t z . {=Hedysarum linifolium L . f . ) . H:
T o r k i . Herbs. D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u , C o i m b a t o r e , Dharmapuri,
N i l g i r i , T 1 r u c h i r a p a l 1 1 , S a l e m , S o u t h A r c o t . A: Whole p l a n t .
E x s i c c . exam: RHT 15481, 10432, 19375, 6014, 18741.
I n d i g o f e r a l i n n a e i A l i ( = 1 . enneaphylTa L . ) . S: V a s u k a . Tarn:
C h e p p u n e r i n j i . Herbs. A & S: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 765,
2767. RHT 10445, 19245, 20715, 10375, 19031, 17725.
I n d i g o f e r a t i n c t o r i a L. (=1. sumatrana G a e r t n . ) . Eng: I n d i a n

i n d i g o . H, S & T i b b i : N e e l i . Tarn: A v u r i . H e r b s . Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u , Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, N i l g i r i , North & South
A r c o t , Ramanathapuram, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: Whole
p l a n t , l e a v e s , r o o t s . S: L e a v e s , r o o t s . H & U: Whole p l a n t .
E x s i c c . exam: RHT 1174. Guinet s . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB 4009, 4730, 5426.
RHT 29700, 30344.
I n d i g o f e r a t r i f o l i a t a L. (=1. prostrata W i l l d . ) . Undershrubs.

Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari , Madurai , Thanjavur,
Dharmapuri, Salem, South A r c o t , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: R o o t s , whole
p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 10635, 4 6 0 1 , 29822.
Lablab purpureus Graham ex Wight & A r n . v a r . purpureas; (=Dolichos

purpureus L i n n . ; D. lablab L . ) . H: Sem. S: Madhusarkara. Nispavah.
Tarn: A v a r a i . H e r b a c e o u s c l i m b e r s . A: L e a v e s , p o d s , s e e d s . S:
Seeds. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 6 5 1 . 5174. 5333. 5 6 6 1 , 5662. RHT 29338,
20844, 10821, 18040. 1320.
Lablab purpureus ( L . ) Sweet v a r . 7 7srA70sas(Prain) Kumari {-Do!ichos

lablab L. v a r . lignosus P r a i n ) . Tam: Mochai. Herbs, p e r e n n i a l s . A.
S & U: Seeds. E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
85
Laburnum anagyroides (L.) Medicus i=Cytisus laburnum L) . Eng:
Golden-Chain. Shrubs. Cultivated. H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT
7631, 7635.
Lathyrus sativus L. H: Kesari-Dhal. S: Kalaya. Triputi. Tarn:

Kesariparuppu. Herbs. A: Seeds. H: Whole plant, seeds. Note:
Cultivation of this plant is banned.
Lens culinaris Medicus; ( = /.. esculenta Moench) . Eng: Lentils.H &

S: Masur(ah). Tarn: Mysore-Paruppu. Herbs. A: Seeds. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Lupinus albus L. Eng: White-lupine. Herbs. U: Whole plant.

Medicago sativa L. Eng: Alfalfa. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole plant

(Aerial parts). Exsicc. exam: RHT 1142, 15680. DSB 4559.
Mali lotus indica (L.) All. i = Trifolium indicum L.; Melilotus

parviflora Desf.). Eng: Sweet Clover. H & S:Banmethi(ka). Herbs.
A: Whole plant, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4482.
Melilotus alba Desv. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole plant. Exsicc.

unavailable.
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.{=Dolichos pruriens L.; Mucuna prurita

Hook.).Eng: Cow Hage/Itch. H & Tibbi: Ko(w)nch. S: Atmagupta.
Kapikacchu. Lianes. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Thanjavur, Tirunelveli, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Pods, hair,
seeds, roots. S & U: Seeds, roots. H: Pods, seeds. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 12222, 29571, 20372,.
Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr.(=Dalbergia oojeinensis

Roxb.;Ougeinia dalbergioides Benth. ) H & S: Tin(i)sha. Syandana.
Tam: Narivengai. Trees. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 77707, 15048,
15057.
Phasedus lunatus L. Climber, cultivated. A: Whole plant, pods.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. Eng: French Bean. Haricot Bean. Annuals. H:

Whole plant, pods. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3553.
86
Pisum sativum L. Eng: Peas. H: Matar. Tibbi: Karsana. S: Kalayah.
Vatana. Tarn: Pattani. Cultivated herbaceous climber. A & H: Seeds.
DSB 5325, 5451-B. DSB 1077, 5325.
Pongamia pinnata ( L.) Pierre (=Cytisus pinnatus L. ; Pongamia

glabra Vent.; Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet; Galedupa indica Lam.).
H, S & Tibbi: Karanj(a). Tam: Pungam. Trees. Distrib: In most of
the districts at lower elevations. A & S: Flowers, seeds, leaves,
bark, roots, oil. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4060, 5698, 5699. RHT 22026,
2073, 22573, 20576, 26517, 7333.
Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn. {=Hedysarum viscidum L.).

S: Salabarni. Tam: Neermal1i. Moovilai. Shrubby climbers. Distrib:
In most of the districts. A: Roots. (Substitute for UrariB
lagopodioides). Exsicc. exam: MH 131269, 18809, 78297. DSB 2833.
RHT 19490, 26616, 17358, 25552, 17529.
Psoralea corylifolia L. H: & Tibbi: Babchi. S: Bakuchi. Tam:

Karpooragam. Kaarbhoga-arisi . Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu ,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A, S, U & H: Seeds. Exsicc.
exam: MH 39671, 103477. RHT 1188, 12820. Meher Homji s.n. (HIFP).
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. H: Peet-sola. Tibbi: Beejasar. S:

Asana. Pitasara. Tam: Vengai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram,
Salem, Tirunelveli, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A & S: Leaves,
flowers, bark, wood. U & H: Gum, sap. Exsicc. exam: Pascal 587
(HIFP). Blasco s.n. (HIFP). DSB 2626. RHT 1496, 3064, 15669,
14094, 27556.
Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Eng: Red Sanders. H: Lalchandan.

Tibbi: Sandalsurkh. S: Raktachandana. Tam: Sivappusandanam. Trees.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Dharmapuri, Salem. A & U: Heartwood.
Exsicc, exam: RHT 17144, 26450.
Pueraria tuberosa DC. Eng: French Honeysuckle. H: Bilayikand. S:

Bhumikusmanda. Vidari, Tam: Nilappoosani. Paalmudakkaankizhangu.
Climbers. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Salem. A & S: Tubers.
Exsicc. exam: MH 8636, 81587.
RHT 7535.
87
Robinia pseudo-acacia L. Eng: Golden Chain. Shrubs. H: Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 7636, 7637. Matthew 2730 (RHT).
Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) W.D.J. Koch; (=Spartium scoparium L.;

Cytisus scoparium (L.) Link), Eng: Broom. Shrubs. H: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 7638. Legris s.n. (HIFP). Pascal 126 (HIFP). DSB
3352.
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. H: Bak. S: Agasti. Tarn: Agathi.

Trees. A & S: Flowers, leaves, bark, roots. U: Leaves, bark.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 1221, 30358, 20200.
Sesbania sesban (L.) Pers.(=Aeschynomene sesban L.; Sesbania

aegyptiaca (Poir.) Pers.; Sesban aegyptiacus Poir.). H & S:
Jayanti. Tarn: Chittagatti. Sembai. Shrubs. A & S: Seeds, leaves,
bark. S: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3488. RHT 12834, 1259, 12259,
17441, 24643.
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.(=Cracca purpurea L.; Tephrosia

hami1tonii Drumm.). H & Tibbi: Sarphonka. S: Banah. Sarapunga.
Tam: Kaattukolinji. Kollukkaivelai. Undershrubs. Distrib: In most
of the districts. A: Whole plant, seeds, root bark, roots. S:
Whole plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3674, 4072, 4785, 5331,
5436. RHT 11839, 28437, 16893, 24513, 11407.
Tephrosia spinosa (L.f.) Pers. Tam: Mulkolinji. Herbs. Distrib: In

most of the districts. U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1199,
30329.
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. {=Cracca villosa L.; Tephrosia hirta

(Buch.-Ham.) Gamble; Galega hirta Buch.-Ham.). Herbs. Distrib: In
most of the districts. A: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3881, 4015.
RHT 1222, 19349, 19959.
Ter£unnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. (=G7yc7/7e labialis L.f.). H & S:

Mashaparni. Tam: Kaattu-ulundu. Herbs. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Whole plant, fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4655.
RHT 12771, 6677, 10881, 20242.
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. H & S: Kalanusari. Methi(ka). Tibbi:

Hulba (Methi). Tam: Vendhayam. Herbs. A, S, & U: Seeds, leaves. H:
Seeds, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3603. RHT 5618.
88
Trifolium pretense L. Eng: Sweet clover. Herbs. H: Whole plant,
flowering tops. Exsicc. exam: Mathew 836, 2227 (RHT).
Trifolium repens L. Herbs. H: Whole plant, flowering tops. Exsicc.

exam: RHT 7652. Legris s.n. (HIFP). Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB
3244, 4338.
Ulex europaeus L. Shrub. Other: Seeds. Other: Seeds used for

extracting phytolectins useful in the diagnoses of cancer. Exsicc.
exam: Fyson 3871! (HCPM). Matthew 1828, 2541, 17033, 17374, 40481.
Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. i=Hedysarum lagopodioides L.). H:

Pitvan. S: Prisniparni. Tam: Moovilai. Herbs. Distrib: Madurai,
Nilgiri. A: Whole plant, roots. S: Whole plant.Exsicc. exam: MH
77020. MH 14801.
Vicia faba L. Eng: Double beans. Herbs. Cultivated. H: Whole

plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5451-A, 5609.
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal {-Phaseolus aconi tifollus

Jacq.). Tam: Tulkapayir. Herb. A: Seeds, roots. Exsicc. RHT 10472,
17765, 18143.
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper (=Phaseo1us mungo L. H: Moong. Urad. S:

Maasha. Tam: Ulundu. Herb. A: Seeds, roots. S & U: Seeds. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 1313, 1430, 15683.
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. radiata {=Phaseolus radiatus

Linn.). S: Mudga. Tam: Paasi/Pachchai-payaru. Trailing herbs.
Cultivated. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri, South
Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12810, 16629,
29097. 30398.
Vigna trilobate (L.) Verde. (=Dolichos trilobatus L.; Phaseolus

trilobatus (L.) Scherb.). H: Mugvan. Rakhalkalai. S: Mudgaparni.
Tam: Panipayir. Kaatupayir. Diffuse herbs. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2795, 3613.
RHT 19250, 19996, 21781, 11266.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata (=Do1ichos

unguiculatus L. ; D. bifloras L.) Eng: Horsegram. H & Tibbi:
Kulthi. S: Kalatha. Tam: Kollu. Herbs. A & S: Seeds. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 4697, 4924.
89
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. cylindrica (L.) Eselt. {=V.
catjung (Burm.f.) W a l p . ) . Eng: Cowpea. H: Lobia. S:
Raja/Mahamasah. Tam: Karaamani. Thattapayir. Herbs. A & U:
Seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1115. RHT 20153, 1412, 10990, 5253. .
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. S: Asvamanthaka. (Kanchanara). Trees.

Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli. A:
Roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
Bauhinia purpurea L. H: Khairwal. S: Asvamanthaka (Kanchanara).

Rakthakanchanara. Kavidhara. Tam: Mandhaarai. Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, N i l g i r i . North & South Arcot,
Tiruchirpal1i, Dharmapuri , Salem. A: Flowers, bark, roots. 8:
Leaves, floers, roots, bark. U: Bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1180. RHT
12224, 2702, 14879, 26843, 13894.
Bauhinia racemosa Lam. H & Tibbi: Kachnar. S: Svetakanchanara.

Asvamanthaka. Tam: Archi. Kokkumandharai. Trees. Distrib: In most
of the districts. A: Leaves, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1945,
4109. RHT 2266, 3333, 8007, 13300, 15665, 23251, 17794.
Bauhinia tomentosa L. S: Asvamanthaka (Kanchanara). Tam: Kanchini.

Shrubs, Planted. A: Fruits, leaves, root. Note: The Sanskrit
epithet Asvamanthaka (Kanchanara) though specifically refers to
the above plant is used for other Bauhinia spp. also. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 16710, 5826, 20502, 21113.
Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. (=Phanera vahlii (Wight & Arn.)
Benth.) Liane. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore. A: Fruits,
leaves, bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Bauhinia varlegata L. S: Kanchanara. Kavidhara. Tam:

Sigappumanchori . Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Nilgiri, Salem. A: Flowers, bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 15715,
23484, 20575, 17729.
Caesalplnia bonduc (L.) Roxb. emend Dandy & Exell (=Guilandia

bonduc L.; Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming; Guilandia
bonducella L . ) . H & Tibbi: Karanj(w)a. S: Lata/Kantaki-karanjah.
90
Kuberakshi. Tarn: Kalichikkai. Kazharchikkai. Scandent prickly
shrubs, pods spiny, seeds grey, rounded. Distrib: Almost all
districts, at lower elevations. A. S, H & U: Seeds. A: Root bark,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3130, 3636. RHT 12905, 26, 956, 4853,
14191, 18080.
Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Eng: American sumac. Tam:

Divi-divi. Trees. A: Pods, bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1371, 4896,
1373, 16477.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. H: Gulutora. S: Ratnagandhi. Tam:

Mayilkonnai. Shrubs or small trees. A: Flowers, leaves, bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3105. RHT 1368, 6853, 23908, 21415.
Caesalpinia sappan L. H: Patang. S: Pat(r)anga. Tam: Patungam.

Sappangu. Shrubs or trees; planted. A: Flowers, bark, heartwood.
Chamaecrista absus (L.) Irwin Barnaby (=Cassia absus L. H:

Chaksu. S: Paundaryam. Kulathika. Caksusya. Tam: Mulaipalvirai.
Kaatukkoal. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Seeds,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2781, 4671. RHT 1419, 19585, 4082,
19033.
Cassia alata L. H: Dadmardan. S: Chakramarda. Tam: Seemai-agathi .

Trees. A: Flowers, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12908, 5624, 11301,
21800.
Cassia fistula L. ( = C. rhombifolia Roxb.). H & Tibbi: Amaltas. S:

Aragvadha. Kirtamalah. Tam: Sarakkonnai. Trees. A: Pods, fruit
pulp, leaves, root bark, stem bark. H: Pods, leaves. S: Fruits. U:
Fruit pulp, Exsicc. exam: Bourne! 2770 & 2891 (PCM). Fyson! 873
(PCM). Legris s.n. (HIFP). Orukaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 315, 4265.
RHT 1385, 2459, 22133, 16099, 6277.
Cassia javanica L. Tam: Konrai. Trees. S: Bark, roots, flowers.

Delonix elata (L.) Gamble (=Poinciana elata L.) Tam:

Vaadhanarayanan. Trees. Distrib: Most of the plains districts. S:
Leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12140, 12901, 17061, 22517, 24354.
91
Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. {=Cassia auriculata L. H: Turver. S:
Avarttaki. Talapotaka. Tarn: Aavaram. Tibbi: Tarwar. Shrubs.
Distrib: In all districts. A & S: Bark, leaves, roots, flowers,
seeds. U: Flowers, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1880, 5019, 5262, 5453,
5454. RHT 12940, 7092, 5769, 1314, 1098.
Senna italica Mill. {=Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex Andr.; Cassia

obtusus Roxb.; C. obovata Callad.). Tam: Nila-aavaarai. Herbs.
Distrib: Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot, Thanjavur,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Pods, leaves. S: Leaves. H: Pods.
Exsicc. exam: Blasco 2406 (HIFP). Fontanel s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3189.
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link {^Cassia occidentalis L. Eng:

NegroCoffee. S: Kasamarda. Tam: Pon/Pei-avarai. (Nattam)thagarai.
Tibbi: Kasondi. Annual undershrub. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Seeds, leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3183, 4844.
RHT 1394, 10573, 3219. 6243, 11180.
Senna alexandrina (L.) Roxb. (=Cassia senna L.(=C angustifolia

Val) . H: Senna-makhi, Tibbi: Saana. S: Swarna-mukhi/patri. Eng:
Tinneveli-Senna. Tam: Nila-vaagai/veerai. Small shrubs or woody
herbs. A, S & U: Leaves, fruits. S: Roots. H: Fruits, leaves,
whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFP). Heher Homji s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 3485. RHT 1430, 19390, 15691, 24014.
Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. {,=Cassia sophera) L. H: Kasaundi . Tam:

Ponnavarai. S: Kasamarda. Shrubs. A & S: Whole plant, seeds,
leaves, stem bark, roots. H: Whole plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
4619, 4845, 5479, 5480.
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. ( = Cass7a tora L.) H & S: Chakramarda. S:

Prapunnatah. Tam: Thagarai. Tibbi: Panwar. Herbs. A: Seeds,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2179, 5487. RHT 1398, 4728, 14273,
11296.
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde (=Jonesia asoca Roxb.; Saraca indica

auct. non L . ) . H, S & Tam: Asoka(m) . Trees. A: Seeds, flowers,
stem bark. S: Bark, flowers. H: Bark. Exsicc. exam: Guinet
s.n.(HIFP). Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 2558.
92
Tamarindus indica L. H: Amii . Imli. Tibbi: Tamarhindi. S:
Tintrini. Amlika. Cinca. Tarn: Puli. Trees. A: Seed kernel, fruits,
stem bark, leaves. S: Fruit pulp, leaves, bark, seed, seed coat.
U: Pods, bark. H: Pods. Exsicc. exam: Govindarajulu 3540 (PCM).
Rajan 86268 (HIFP). DSB 3092, 3629, 5442.
RHT 12900, 2498, 2228, 13950.
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. (-Mimosa catechu L.f.). H: Kath.

Khair. S: Khadira. Tam: Karungaali. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri. A & S: Bark,
heartwood, Cutch. U: Cutch from heartwood. Exsicc. exam: MH 78655.
MH 24743.
Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. (Mimosa caesia L.\ Acacia intsia Willd.
var. caesia (L.) Baker S: Nikunjika. Armed climbing shrub.
Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Bark, flowers. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 5079, 5530, 5531. RHT 4874, 18219, 1034, 20087, 21351.
Acacia ferruginea DC. Tam: Velvelam. Deciduous trees. A: Bark,

flowers.
Exsicc. exam: MH 141515, 5685. RHT 3967, 1803, 22038. 29455.
Acacia horrida (L.f.) Wi 1 Id. (=*f7/nosa horrida L.f.; Acacia latronum

(L.f.) Willd.; Mimosa latronum L.f.). Tam: Karodei. Odasithai.
Anaimullu. Trees. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Leaves,
bark, flowers. Exsicc. exam: MH 559, 37660, 100656. RHT 1492.
17651, 14644. 24939, 28952.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. {-Mimosa farnesiana L.; Vachellia

farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.).H: Gandbabul . S: Arimeda.
Vikhadhira. Tam: Veddayal. Kasthurivelam. Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu. Coimbatore, Dharmapuri , Ramanathapuram, Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Leaves, bark, flowers. Exsicc.
exam: MH 103045, 29342, 102807. DSB 191.
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. {=Mimosa Jeucophloea Roxb.). S:

Arimedah.
Tam: Velvelam. Vellaivelam. Armed trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Leaves, bark, flowers. Exsicc. exam: MH 12667,
25419, 130722.
93
Acacia n i l o t i c a ( L . ) W i l l d . ex D e l . s s p . i n d i c a (Benth.) Brenan
{=A. arables (Lam.) W i l l d . v a r . indica B e n t h . ; A. arabica auct.
non (Lam.) W i l l d . H: Kalababul . S: Babbula. Barburah. Vavari . T£un:
Karuvelam ( p i s i n ) . T i b b i : Samagh-e-arabi. Baboo 1. Armed t r e e .
D i s t r i b : I n most o f the d i s t r i c t s . A & S: Pods, leaves, b a r k , gum.
S: Gum. U: B a r k , gum. E x s i c c . exam: RHT 1477, 8361, 11794, 30259,
16419, 11106, 24357.
Acacia p€»nnata ( L . ) W i l l d . (=Mimosa pennata L . ) . H: B i s w u l . S:

A r i . Tam: I n d a n , I n d u . Shrubs. D i s t r i b : I n most of the d i s t r i c t s .
A & S: L e a v e s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 2 4 1 8 , 5 0 4 7 , 5 4 9 1 , 5 4 9 2 . RHT
15377, 11731, 16124, 16942, 11523.
Acacia polycantha W i l l d . (=A. suma (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex V o i g t ;

Mimosa suma R o x b . ) . S: K a d a r a h . S o m a v a l k a h . T r e e s . D i s t r i b :
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, N i l g i r i , N o r t h & South A r c o t , Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: P o d s , l e a v e s , bark, heartwood.
E x s i c c . exam: MH 1 4 9 3 9 8 , 11753. RHT 1488, 12946, 22467. 18898,
23218, 23129.
A c a c i a s i n u a t a ( L o u r . ) M e r r . {=Mimosa sinuata Lour.; Acacia

concinna ( W i l l d . ) D C ; Mimosa concinna W i l l d . ; Acacia rugata
Buch.-Ham. ex B e n t h . ) . S : S a p t a l a . Carmasahya. Tam: S i g a i k k a i .
S i v a k k a i . Shrubby c l i m b e r , armed. D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u ,
Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli, Dharmapuri, Salem,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: P o d s . E x s i c c . e x a m : DSB 2 8 7 8 . RHT
12057, 27160, 27193.
Acacia tomentosa W i l l d . S: J a l b a r b u r a k a . Tam: A n a i m u l l i . Armed

t r e e s . A: Pods, l e a v e s , b a r k . D i s t r i b u t i o n : N i l g i r i . Exsicc.
unavailable.
Adenanthera pavonia L. Eng: C o r a l w o o d . H: B h a r i g h u m c h i . S:

Kunchandana. Tamrakah.Tam: Y a n a i k u n d u m a n i . D e c i d u o u s tree.
D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u , C o i m b a t o r e , Ramanathapuram, T i r u c h i r a p a l l i .
A: Seeds, l e a v e s , heartwood. E x s i c c . exam: MH 96340, 18620. RHT
1456, 16741, 30408.
A l b i z i a a n a r a ( R o x b . ) B o i v i n . i=Mimosa amara R o x b . ) . S:
Krishnasirish. Tam: V a a g a i . U n j a ( l ) . T r e e s . D i s t r i b : I n most o f
the d i s t r i c t s . A: Seeds, f l o w e r s , l e a v e s . S: Flowers, b a r k , root
b a r k , gum. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 2899. RHT 10559, 7557, 7742, 16817,
21078, 27220.
94
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Willd. {=Mimosa lebbeck L.). H & S: Sirisha.
Bhandi. Tarn: Vagal. Kona. Trees. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Seeds, leaves, bark, flowers. Exsicc. exam: MH
45296. DSB 2778. RHT 3825, 5851, 18996, 16026, 17180, 17917.
Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. var. odoratissima i=Mimosa

odoratissima L.f.). S: Bhusirisah. Tarn: Karuvaagai. Trees.
Distrib: Coimbatore, North Arcot. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 68812,
74756. RHT 23775. 25956, 5297. 10116. 24111, 23245. 13900.
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. [=Mimosa procera Roxb.).Tam:

Kondavaghai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, North Arcot, Tirunelveli.
A: Bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 12664, 1355.
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. i=Mimosa cinerea L . ) . S:

Vellantarah. Virataruh. Tam: Vidathalam. Vedathalai. Trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Roots, tender shoots. S: Roots,
gum. Exsicc. exam: MH 16169, 155936. DSB 5437.
Entada pursaetha DC.(=Af7/jiosa entada L.; Entada rheedii Spreng.

Entada scandens auct. non Benth.). H: Gila. Tam: Vattavalli.
Yanaipuli. Lianes. Distrib: Coimbatroe, Kanniyakumari, Salem,
Tirunelveli. A: Seeds, stem, bark. Exsicc. exam: MH 10967, 98488.
RHT 7528, 24124.
Mimosa intsia L.(=Af. rubicaulis Lam.) Tam: Ingi . Kaattusikai.

Chemba. Shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Madurai, North & South Arcot, Pudukottai, Salem, Tiruchirpal1i. A:
Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exeun: RHT 1473, 9086, 15833. 16938, 14586.
Mimosa pudica L. Eng: Sensitive plant. Touch-me-not. S: Lajjalu.

Samanga. H: Lajvanti. Chui-mui. Tam: T h o t t a a l c h u r u n g i .
Thottaalvaadi. Undershrubs. A: Leaves, roots, whole plant. H:
Whole plant. S: Roots, Exsicc. exam: Blasco & Bala s.n. (HIFP).
DSB 4838, 4846. 5356.
Neptunia oleracea Lour. S: Alambusa. Tam: Sadai. Sundaikkirai.

Aquatic annual. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: MH 133626. 100309, 100928. RHT 12964, 11175, 22766.
26173. 27303.
95
P r o s o p i s c i n e r a r i a ( L . ) D r u c e ( = P . spicigera L.)- Tarn:
Seemaimul1u. Perumbe. V a n n i . Armed t r e e s . D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u ,
Kanniyakumari, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i,
Dharmapuri, South A r c o t . A: F l o w e r s , pods, b a r k , r o o t s . S: A l l
p a r t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 78193, 18639.
ROSACEAE
F r a g a r i a e l a t i o r E h r h . Eng: S t r a w b e r r y . H e r b s . Cultivated.A:
Roots, f r u i t s . H: F r u i t s . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
F r a g a r i a vesca L. Eng: S t r a w b e r r y . Herbs. H: F r u i t s . E x s i c c . exam:

DSB 2272,
5368.
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. {=Pyrus malus Linn, var, sylvestris

Linn.). Eng: Apple. Deciduous trees; cultivated. A & U: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: Matthew 2148, 2379, 17418 (RHT).
Prunus armeniaca L. Eng: Apricot. Deciduous tree, cultivated. A &

U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Matthew 2183 (RHT).
Prunus cerasioides D.Don (=P. puddum (Roxb. ex Ser.) Roxb. ex

Brandis; Cerasus puddum Roxb. ex Ser.). Eng: Indian wild cherry.
H: Padam. S: Padmakah. Padmagandhi.Tarn: Padhumukam. Trees,
cutivated. A: Seeds, wood. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1049, 4137, 5246.
Prunus domestica L. H: Alupokhara. S: Arukam. Eng: Plum. Tam:

A1 pagoda-punjam. Deciduous trees, cultivated. A: Fruits, roots.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. {=Amygdalus persica L.). Eng: Peach.

Trees, cultivated. H: Fruits, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3409. RHT
5242, 7687.
Pyrus connunis L. S: Tanka. Tam: Naattu Peri. Trees, cultivated.

A: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3415. RHT 13410, 25804.
Pyrus malus L. Eng: Apple. Trees, cultivated. U: Fruits. Exsicc.

unavailable.
96
Q u i l l a j a saponaria M o l i n a Eng: Soapbark. T r e e s , p l a n t e d . H: Bark.
E x s i c c . exam: Fyson ! 3880 (PCM). DSB 3867.
Rosa c e n t i f o l i a L. S: S a t a p a t r i . Saumyagandha. Tarn: Rose,

Panneerpu. Armed s h r u b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A, S, U & H: Flowers. E x s i c c ,
exam: DSB 5275. RHT 7060, 13807. 26831.
Rosa damascena M i l l . Eng: Damascus Rose. H: Gulab. S: S h a t a p a t r i .

Tam: I r o s a . Armed s h r u b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A, S, U & H: F l o w e r s .
E x s i c c . exam: RHT 7732.
CRASSULACEAE
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. ( = Coty 7 ecfon pinnatum Lam.;

Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.; B. pinnatum (Lam.) Oken). H:
Patharchur. S: Pashanabeda. Parnabijah. Tam: Malai/Runa-kalli.
Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri,
Tiruchirapal1i. Tirunelveli, Dharmapuri, Salem. A: Leaves. Exsicc.
exam: MH 78782, 77594, 9790. RHT 1615, 7058, 30388. 21897, 20872
Kalanchoe schweinfurthii Penzig {-K. laciniata sensu Wight;

Cotyledon laciniata L . ) . H: Hemsagar. S: Vatapatri. Tam:
Malakalli. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Leaves.
Exsicc. exam: MH 27103, 77877,70067, 98431.
DSB 2714. RHT 22111, 17287, 25590.
Sempervlvum tectorian L. Eng: Houseleeks. Herbs, cultivated. H:

Whole plant. Note: Included under the authority of Henry et a1.
(loc. cit.)
DROSERACEAE
Drosera burmannii Vahl Eng: Sun-Dew. H: Mukhajah. Herbs. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4373. RHT
1620, 4501, 22368, 28919.
Drosera peltata Sm. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari,

Madurai, Nilgiri. Salem, Tirunelveli. A: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3581. RHT RHT 4502, 22367, 25641, 30454.
97
RHIZOPHORACEAE
K a n d e l i a c a n d e l ( L . ) D r u c e (=Rhizophora candel L.\ Kandelia

rheedii W i g h t & A r n . ) . Tarn: K a n d a l . S h r u b s o r s m a l l trees.
D i s t r i b : S o u t h A r c o t . A: B a r k . E x s i c c . exam: MH 19808, 1 9 8 1 5 .
COMBRETACEAE
Anogeissus l a t i f o l i a ( R o x b . ex D C . ) W a l l , ex G u i l l & Perr.

(.=Conocarpus Tatifolia Roxb. ex D C . ) . Tarn: V e l l a i n a g a . H, S &
T i b b i : Dhava. T r e e s . D i s t r i b : A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: B a r k ,
r o o t s , l e a v e s , f r u i t s , gum. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 9 0 4 . RHT 1 6 5 7 ,
29642, 14848, 15598, 16334.
C a l y c o p t e r i s f l o r i b u n d a Lam. (=Getonia floribunda ( L a m . ) R o x b . ) S:

S u s a v i . Tam: M i n n a a r k o d i . S h r u b s . D i s t r i b : Chengalpattu,
C o i m b a t o r e , N i l g i r i , T i r u n e l v e l i , D h a r m a p u r i , S a l e m , S. Arcot,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: L e a v e s , f r u i t s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 2 7 4 4 8 , 1 3 4 6 0 ,
26900, 16242, 27067.
Q u i s q u a l i s i n d i c a L . H: R a n g o o n - k i - b e l . Tam: R a n g o o n - m a l 1 i .
Climbing shrub, c u l t i v a t e d . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l districts. A:
S e e d s , l e a v e s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 3 5 7 . RHT 2 9 0 7 2 , 1 3 7 9 3 , 1 7 7 5 0 .
T e r m i n a l i a a l a t a Heyne ex Roth (=T. tomentosa ( R o x b . ex DC.) W i g h t

& A r n . ) . H : A s h a n . S: B i j a k a . Tam: K a r r a m a r u d h u . T r e e s . Distrib:
C o i m b a t o r e , N i l g i r i , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , D h a r m a p u r i , Salem. A: B a r k ,
gum. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 2 1 4 1 .
T e r m i n a l ! a a r j u n a ( R o x b . ex DC.) W i g h t & A r n . {=Pentaptera arjuna

R o x b . e x DC. ) . H: K o h - k a - c h a a l . S : A r j u n a . K a k u b a h . Tam:
A a t r u / V e l l a i / K u l a - M a r u d h u . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A:
F r u i t s , l e a v e s , b a r k . S: B a r k , f r u i t s , l e a v e s . E x s i c c . exam: MH
7 0 9 3 4 . MH 1 3 0 5 5 3 . MH 1 4 1 4 3 9 . T h a n i k a i m o n i 863 ( H I P P ) . B l a s c o 406
(HIFP). RHT 1 7 9 1 2 , 2 3 6 7 0 , 15845. 1 3 9 4 9 , 2 3 0 8 9 , 1 7 7 3 5 .
Terminalia b e l l i r i c a (Gaertn.) R o x b . ( = * f y r o ^ a 7 a n L / s bel 1 irica

Gaertn.). H & T i b b i : Baheda. B a l e l a . S: A k s a h . B i b h i t a k a . Tam:
T h a a n r i k k a i . T r e e s . D i s t r i b : A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s . A, S, U: B a r k ,
fruits. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 1139. RHT 3 2 7 7 , 8 0 1 7 , 2 6 8 6 3 , 16530,
23200.
98
Terminalia catappa L. H: Janglibadam. S: Batada. Tarn: Nattuvadam.
Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits. Exsico. exam: DSB
62, 1179. RHT 4322, 17727. 18017, 30396.
Terminalia chebula Retz. (-MyrobaTanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn.).

H: Harda. Tibbi: Halela. S: Abhaya. Haritaki. Pathya.Tam:
Kadukkaai. Trees. A, S, U & H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Pascal 60
(HIFP). Blasco & Meher Homji s.n. ((HIFP). DSB 2004, 4688. RHT
3227, 7406, 13720, 14093, 16803.
Terminalia crenulata Roth (=7. tomentosa (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight &

Arn. var. crenvlata (Roth) Clarke S: Chagakarnah. Tam:
Karumarudhu.Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Bark. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 2299, 14798, 16924, 199447, 23860.
Terminalia paniculata Roth S: Asvakarna. Tam: Peikadukkai.

Ven/Poo-marudhu. Trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Bark.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 9257, 4790, 14000, 16911, 21030, 23191.
MYRTACEAE
Angophora costata (Gaertn.) Britt. i=Metrosideros costata

Gaertn.). Trees, introduced and planted. H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 7753, 16815.
Angophora lanceolata Cav. Trees, planted. H: Leaves. Exsicc.

unavailable. Note: Included under the authority of Matthew,
(1969) .
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Eng: Blue-Gum. H: Nilgiri-ka-

Tel.(Oil).S: Nilaniryasa. Tailaparna. Trees cultivated. H: Leaves.
Other: Essential oil. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7779, 28025. Pascal 293
(HIFP). DSB 3575, 3995, 5449.
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Trees, introduced and cultivated. H:

Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7810. 13599, 17220, 1773, 20198,
Melaleuca leucadendron L. Tam: Kaiyappudai. Trees, cultivated. A &

H: Oil. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1671. Legris s.n. (HIFP).
99
Myrtus communis L. Tam: Kulinaaval. Trees, cultivated. H & U:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7865. Matthew 1874, 2307, 2715. (RHT).
DSB 4390.
Pimenta officinalis Lindl. Eng: Allspice. Trees, occasionally

planted, in hill stations. H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4001,
4170. RHT 53150.
Psidium guajava L. Eng: Guava. H: Amrood. S: Amruta. Perukah. Tam:

Koyya. Trees, planted. A & S: Roots, leaves, flowers, fruits. U:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4388. 5204, 5261, 5365, 5712,5713. RHT
16822. 11964, 15434, 7765.
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (^Caryophyllus aromaticus

L.; Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.). Eng: Cloves. H, S & Tibbi:
Laung. Qaranphul. Tam: Kiraambu. Trees, cultivated. A, S, H & U:
Oil, floral buds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2967.
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels {=Myrtus cumini L.; Eugenia jambolana

Lam.; Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC.). H & U: Jamoon. S: Jambuh.
Tam: Naaval. Neredom. Trees, planted. A & S: Fruits, seeds, bark,
leaves. U & H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Blasco & Meher Homji s.n.
(HIFP). Shankaranarayanan s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3484, 3975, 5314. RHT
14668, 15226, 23665. 24071, 24272.
Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston i=Eugenia hemispherica

Wight; Jambosa hemispherica (Wight) Walp.). S: Dhava. Tam:
Vellainavaal. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. Tirunelveli.
A: Wood. Exsicc. unavailable.
Syzygium heyneanum (Duthie) Wall, ex Gamble {-Eugenia heyneana

Duthie; E. salicifolia Wight). Large shrubs or small trees.
Distrib: "Deccan" (Gamble, 1957). A: Bark, fruits. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston {=Eugenia jambos L.; Jambosa vulgaris

D C ) . 8: S: Chambeyah. Tam: Perunaaval . Trees. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Salem,
Tirunelveli. H: Fruits, seeds. A & S: Bark, fruits. Exsicc. exam:
Blasco s.n. (HIFP). Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3480,4151, 5575.
100
BARRINGTONIACEAE
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. ssp. acutangula (Êugenia

acutangula L.)- S & Tarn: Samudraphalah. Trees. A: Roots, leaves,
fruits. U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 210722, 88146, 82630. DSB
3128. RHT 16845, 17999, 19200, 22670, 23095.
Careya arborea Roxb. S: Katabhi. Kumbhi. Tarn: Ayma. Kumbhi. Trees.

Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Bark, leaves, fruits, flowers.
Exsicc. exam: MH 75396, 5622. RHT 9963, 14027, 15219, 16838,
24327.
MELASTOMATACEAE
Hemecylon unbellatum Burm.f. Eng: Ironwood. S: Anjani. Tarn:

Karre/Pande-kaya. Large shrubs or small trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 129368. MH 97414. MH
157914. RHT 15911. 17322, 22625, 22710, 24049.
LYTHRACEAE
Ammania baccifera L. ssp. aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne {=A.

salicifolia sensu Clarke). H: Dadmari. Tarn: Nirmel-neruppu.
Kalluruvi. S: Agnigarva, Kurandikah. Herbs. A: Whole plant,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3662. RHT 6629, 10694, 12073, 12226,
16997, 21534.
Lagerstroemia indica L. H: Pharash. Tam: Tindiyam. Shrubs.

Cultivated. A: Flowers, leaves, bark. root. Exsicc. exam: MH
154378. RHT 13042, 13054.
Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb. ( = L. f 7os-reg7/7ae Retz.). H: Jarul. S:

Tinisha, Tam: Kadalai. Poomaruthu. Trees. A: Fruits, seeds,1 eaves,
bark, root. Exsicc. exam: MH 80534, 22005, 76624. DSB 3489. RHT
4197, 7761.
Lawsonia inermis L. ( = /.. alba Lam.). H: Mehndi . Tibbi: Henna. 8:

Mendhika. Madayantika. Nalcharanjani. Tam:Maruthondri. Maruthaani.
Shrubs,cultivated. A: Leaves, bark, flowers, roots. H. S & U:
Leaves. S: Root bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1772. 13048, 16870. Guinet
s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4696.
101
PUNICACEAE
Punica granatum L. Eng: Pomegranate. H & Tibbi: Anaar. Gulnaar. S:

Dadima. Tarn: Maathulai. Shrubs, cultivated. A: Fruits, rind of
fruit, seeds, flowers, young leaves, bark. H: Root bark. S: Root,
flowers, stem bark, fruit rind. U: Fruits, stem bark, fruit rind.
Exsicc. exam: Blasco 2241 (HIFP). Legris s.n. (HIFP). DSB 2966,
3414, 5371. RHT 15280, 16006, 21560, 30295.
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia adscandens (L.) Hara {=Jussiaea adscandens L.; non

Ludwigia repens Forst). H: Kesariba. S: Maharshtri. Aquatic herbs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH
103160, 100319. DSB 1318. RHT 11807, 11260, 16874, 21315, 22950.
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven ssp. sessiliflora (Mich.) Raven

{=Jussiaea octonervia forma sessiliflora Mich.; J. suffruticosa
L. ; J. villosa Lam.). H: Banalounga. S: Bhulavanga. Tam:
Kattukirambu. Kirambupoondu. Nirkirambu. Semi-aquatic herbs. A:
Whole plant, leaves, roots. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, Madurai. Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot,
Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1131. RHT 22207,
22507, 25333, 23213.
Oenothera biennis L. Eng: Large evening primrose. Herbs. H

Flowers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7877. DSB 3023, 5270.
TRAPACEAE
Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino (=7. bispinosa

Roxb.). H, Tibbi, Tam: Singhara. S: Sringata. Floating herbs.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Kanniyakumari. A & S: Kernels, seeds. U:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH) MH 125915.
102
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida L. Tam: Siruppunaikaali. Tibbi: Makopeerah.

Herbaceous climbers. S: Calyx. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3102, 4092, 5004.
5429. RHT 12219, 11535, 16880. 19988, 14263. 18054.
CARICACEAE
Carica papaya L. Eng: Papaya. H: Papita. S: Brahmairandah.

Erandakarkati . Tam: Pappali.Trees, cultivated. A & S: Fruits,
seeds, leaves, latex. H: Unripe fruits. Exsicc. exam: Ramakrishnan
S.n. (HIFP). DSB 2854. 3029, 5259.
RHT 12248, 24355.
CUCURBITACEAE
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. ( = Cucurbi ta hispida Thunb.;

Benincasa serifera Savi.). H: Pethakaddu. S: Kooshmanda. Tam:
Vennpushani. Climbers, cultivated. A & S: Seeds. Fruits. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 1838, 16893, 29271.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader i=Cucumis colocynthis Linn.).

H: Maakaal. Indrayan. S: Indravaruni. Visala.
Mahendravaruni.Tibbi: Hanzal. Tam: Peikumatti. Verikummatti.
Varithumatti. Trailing herbs. A & S: Fruits, roots, whole plant. H
& U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 13122, 13107, 19031.
Shankaranarayanan s.n. (HIFP). DSB 514. 1681, 5214, 5723, 5724.
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumara & Nakai {=Momordica lanata

Thunb.; Ci trullus vulgaris Schrader ex Eckl. & Zeyher). Eng:
Water-melon. Tam: Dharbhushani. Climbers, cultivated. H: Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3056. RHT 1055, 7155. 21299.
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt {^Bryonia grandis L.; Coccinia indica

Wight & Arn.; Cephalandra indica (Wight & Arn.) Naudin). H &
Tibbi: Kanduri. S: Bimbika. Tam: Kovai. Climbering herbs. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves. S: Leaves,
roottubers. H: Fruits, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1858. RHT 13111.
Orukaimoni s.n. (HIFP). Blasco 2075 (HIFP). DSB 3030, 3086, 5247.
5332, 5523. RHT 11163. 11205, 13113, 19296. 22607.
103
Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. & WiUd.) Clarke {^Bryonia epigaea;
Aechmandra epigaea (Rottl. & W i l l d . ) A r n . ; Coral 1ocarpus
graci Hpes (Naud.) Cogn.; Rhynchocarpa epigaeus (Rottl. ex Willd.)
Clarke var. graci1ipes Naud.). H: Akasgaruda. S: P atalagaruda.
Tain: Akashagarudan. Kollankovai. Climbers. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A & S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3879, 5027, 5467. RHT
5106, 22040, 20081.
CuGumis melo L. var. melo (=C. melo L. var. cultis Kurz; C. melo
L. var, agrestis (Naud.) Greb.; C. melo L. var. agrestis Naud.; C.
pubescens Willd,; C. callosus (Rottl.) Cogn,; Bryonia callosa
Rottl,). S: Karkati Tarn: Chukkarikkai. Vellari. Thumattikkai.
Mulampazham. Creeping herbs, cultivated. A: Seeds, Fruits. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3649. 4667. RHT 2337, 5589, 14339, 16978.
Cucumis melo L. var. utillissimus (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller Tarn:

Kakkarikkai. Vellarikkai. Cultivated herbs. A: Fruits, Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: MH 22906.
Cucumis sativus L. H & Tibbi: Khira. S: Tripusa. Tarn: Vellarikkai.

Kakrikkai. Climbers, cultivated. A: Seeds. S: Fruits, seeds.
Exsicc. exam: MH 126324, 140500, 83026. DSB 2468. RHT 18474,
28994, 29974.
Cucumis trigonus Roxb. S: Indravaruni . Climbers. Distrib: In most

of the districts. A: Roots, fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 24839.
MH 103321. MH 29682. DSB 5419. RHT 11657, 29751, 29840,
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam. S: Pitakusmandah. Tam:

Arasanikkai. Parangikkai. Climbers, cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds.
S: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 25315, 26877, 30271.
Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. (=C. pepo

L. var. moschata Duchesne ex Lam.:C. maxima sensu Wight & Arn.
Climbers, cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 22976.
Cucurbita pepo L. var. pepo Climbing annual, cultivated. H: Seeds.

Exsicc. unavailable. MH 58771 (Teratogenic specimen).
Diplocyclos palmatus S: Lingini. Tam: Sivalingakkai.

Aiviralikkovai. Climbing herbs. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT
2923, 16545, 18393, 19580, 25285.
104
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley { = Cucurbi ta siceraria
Molina; Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.)- H: Kaddu. S: Alabu. Katutumbi.
Tiktalabu. Tarn: Suraikkai. Climbers, cultivated. A: Whole plant.
S: Fruits, seeds. U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 22963, 22961, 22962.
RHT 29243, 29261.
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. var. acutangula S: Svadakosataki. Tam:

Pirkankai. Climbers, cultivated. A: Leaves, fruits, seeds. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3072.
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. var. amara Roxb. Tam: Peipirkan.

Climbers. H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Orukaimoni s.n. (HIFP) . DSB
3906.
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.Roem. {=Momordica cylindrica L.; Luffa

aegyptiaca Mill; L. pentendra Roxb.). S: Mahakosataki. Climbers,
cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 199, 100049. RHT
13091, 11905, 30282.
Momordica charantia L. var. charantia Eng: Bitter-gourd. H:

Karela. Tam: Paavakkai. Climbers, cultivated. A & S: Fruits. S:
Leaves. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2762, 4753, 5483, 5484.
Momordica charantia L. var. nuricata (Willd.) Chakravarty (=M.

muricata Willd.). Climbers. Distrib: Chengalpattu (Chakravarty,
1959; Nair et a1., 1983). Exsicc. unavailable.
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Tam: Puluppakai. Tholoopakai.

Climber. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant, fruits,
roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 11946, 93298, 60141. RHT 1845, 22379,
3638, 5590, 14833.
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. {-Cucumis maderaspatanus L.;
Mukia scabrella (L.) Arn.; Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn.;
Bryonia scabrella L.f.). H: Agumaki. Tam: Musumusukkai. Climber.
Distrib: Almost all districts. S: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 546, 4626, 5520. RHT 11832, 17915, 21238, 29995.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. { = Sicyos edulis. Jacq.). Tam:

Seemaikaththirikkai . Merakkai. Eng: Vegetable Marrow. Climber,
cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds.
105
Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi {-Melothria heterophylla Cogn.
C l i m b e r s . D i s t r i b : Salem, S. A r c o t , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Roots.
E x s i c c , exam: RHT 15430, 30022, 27866. 28777.
T r i c h o s a n t h e s cucunerina L. ( = 7 . angina L . ) . S: C i n c i n d a h .
S v a t a p a t o l a h . Tam: Kaatupeipudal . P e i p u d a l . C l i m b e r s , c u l t i v a t e d .
A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH 57242, 103196, 149661. DSB 4 4 4 1 .
RHT 2685. 4612.
Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. ( = r . perrottetiana Cogn. T. villosula

C o g n . ; T. villosula Cogn. v a r . niIgirensis Kundu) S: P a t o l a .
T r i k a p a t o l a . Tam: K a a t u p u d a l . P e i p u d a l . C l i m b e r s . Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u , Coimbatore, M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i s , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: Whole
p l a n t . Exsicc. unavailable.
Trichosanthes t r i c u s p i d a t a Lour. v a r . t r i c u s p i d a t a ( = 7 . bracteata

(Lam.) V o i g t ; Modecca bracteata Lam.; Trichosanthes palmata R o x b . ;
T. lepiniana ( N a u d . ) C o g n . ; Involucraria lepiniana Naud.).
C l i m b e r s . H: L a l i n d r a y a n . S: Dhvamksanasa. Kakanasa.Mahakala. Tam:
( A n ) k o r a t t a i . S a v a r i . D i s t r i b : I n most o f the d i s t r i c t s . A: R o o t s ,
f r u i t s . S: F r u i t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 45451, 22398, 86901, 99675,
10988. RHT 16865, 18757, 22273, 28307, 29258.
CACTACEAE
O p u n t i a d i l l e n i i ( K e r . - G a w l . ) Haw. i=Cactus dillenii Ker.-Gawl.).

Eng: Prickly-pear. S: Kanthari. Tam: Sappathikal1i.
P a a d h a a l a m o o l i . S u c c u l e n t , n a t u r a l i z e d . A: F r u i t s , c l a d o d e s ,
l a t e x . S: Cladodes, r o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 2149. RHT 1 1 8 1 , 5116,
7181 .
O p u n t i a v u l g a r i s M i l l . ( = 0 . monacantha ( W i l l d . ) Haw.; Cactus

monacanthos yî^^<i.). S u c c u l e n t , n a t u r a l i z e d . H: Cladodes. E x s i c c .
exam: DSB 2383. RHT 12902, 15188, 17228, 23866, 25900.
AIZOACEAE
Trianthema decandra L. S: Svetapunarnava. Tam: Sathi/Vellai-

saaranai. Tibbi: Biskhapra. Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Madurai. Nilgiri, North & South Arcot,
106
Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A, S & U:
Whole plant, roots, S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1524. RHT 11005,
19781, 4379, 27292.
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Herbs. Tarn: Chaaruvaelai. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A & S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5485.
Trianthema vulgaris Mill. ( = 7". monogyna L.). H: Tihri-sufeed. S:

Svetapunarnava. Tarn: Vellaisaranai. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Leaves, roots. U: Roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
MOLLUGINACEAE
Gisekia pharnaceoides L. Tarn: Manalkeerai. Herbs. Distrib:

Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri , Kanniyakumari, Madurai,
Pudukkottai, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal 1 i, Salem. A: Whole plant.
S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 138810, 121052,109018. MH
100234. RHT 6381. 13223.
Glinus lotoides L, {=Mo1lugo lotoides (L.) Kuntze; M. hirta

Thunb.), Tarn: Siruseruppadai. Herbs. Distrib: In most of the
districts. S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2757. RHT 11880,
12884, 13238, 22257.
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A.DC. {=Mo11ugo oppositifolius L.; M.

spergula L.). H: Grima. S: Grishna-sundaraka. Tam: Kachantarai.
Herbs. A, S & U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3186. RHT 11936,
15688, 21181, 23711.
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. {=Pharnaceum cerviana L . ) . H:

Pi(t)papda. S & Tam: Parpadaka(m). Herbs. A & S: Whole plant.
Mollugo pentaphylla L. (=*f. striata sensu Clarke). H: Jima. Tam:

Turapoondu. Parpadakam. Herbs. Distrib: In most of the districts.
S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 149728. 103087. 121024, 98009.
DSB 2773, 5529. RHT 20643, 21020, 24827.
107
Mollugo stricta L. H: Jharas. T: Parpadakatn. Herb. Distrib: In
most of the districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)
Anethum graveolens L. (=A. sowa Roxb.; Peucedanum graveolens (L.)

H i e r n ) . H: Soya. Tibbi: Shibt (Soya). S: Satapushp. Tarn:
Sadakuppai. Herbs. A & S: Fruits. Exsicc. unavailable.
Aimni majus L. Herbs, cultivated, in gardens of hill stations,

flowers white. A: Whole plant, seeds. H: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: MH 88832. Guinet s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4332. RHT 22472.
Apium graveolens L. Eng: Celery. Herbs, cultivated, in hill

stations. H: Tender aerial parts, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3600,
5033, 5473.
Carum carvi L. E: Caraway. H: Vilaytijeera. S: Karavi, Sushavi.

Tam: Seemaishombu. Herbs, cultivated. A, S & U: Seeds. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Centel la asiatica (L.) Urban (=Hydrocotyle asiatica L . ) . H:

Brahmi . S: Mandugaaparni . Tam: Vallaarai. Herbs. A, S, U & H:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Guinet s.n. (HIFP). Blasco s.n. (HIFP).
DSB 3192, 5472, 5644. RHT 6683, 10344, 11445, 12288.
Coriandrum sativum L. H & S: Dhaniya(ka). Tam: Koththumal1i.

Tibbi: Kishniz. Herbs, cultivated. A: Whole plant. Fruits. S & U:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4615, 4762. RHT 19609, 21565, 28794.
Cuminum cyminum L. Eng: Cummin. H & Tibbi: Zeera (Sufaid). S:

Jiraka(m). Tam: Seeragam. Herbs, cultivated. A, S, U, H: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 1973, 1974.
Daucus carota L.H: Gajar. Eng: Carrots. S: Shikhamula. Garjarah.

Tam: Karattu. Tuberous herbs, cultivated. A & U: Tubers, seeds.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1075, 5204, 5351.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. H: Saunf S: Sthulajiraka. Tam: Shombu.

Sohikeerai. Perumcheeragam. Tibbi: Badiyan. Herbs, cultivated. A,
S & U: Fruits. U: Fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3227, 4763.
5301. RHT 1952, 16929, 29004.
108
Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. (=H. polycephala Wight & Arn.).
Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri,
Salem, Tirunelveli. A:Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 137405, 94243,
3698. OSB 3281, 5556.
18639, 28262.
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (=W. rotundifolia Roxb. ex D C ) .

Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri. A: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 42647, 45235, 45415.
Pastinaca sativa L. Eng: Parsnips. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole

plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4453.
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex auct. non. (=Apium crispum

Mill.; Carum petroselinum (L.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Apium
petroselinum L,). Eng: Parsley. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3601. 5034, 5474, 5475.
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague {=Sison ammi L.; Carum copticum

Benth. ex Hiern) . Eng: Bishop's Weed. A, S & H: Ajowan.
Ajwain. Tibbi: Ajwayn (Nankwah). S: Ajmooda. Tam: Omum. Herbs,
cultivated. A & U: Seeds. U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 23577.
TrachysperiHJRi roxburghianum (DC.) Craib (=Ptychotis roxburghiana

DC.; Carum roxburghianum (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f.). H & S: Ajamoda.
Tam: Ashamtagam. Asantha-omum. Herbs, cultivated. A & S: Fruits.
U: Fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 5280. Note: Used in lieu of
Hyoscyamus niger L. in Unani.
ARALIACEAE
Hedera helix L. Eng: Ivy, Climber. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam:

RHT 1988, & 7891, 13140. DSB 3977.
ALANGIACEAE
Alangium salvifoliun (L.f.) Wang ssp. salvi folium (=Grewia

salvifolia L.f.; Alangium lamarckii Thw.; A. decapetalum Lam.). H:
Akola. Dhera. S: Ankola. Ankoda. Tam: Azhingi.Trees. Distrib: In
109
most of the districts. A: Fruits, seeds, roots. S: Root bark,
seeds. Exsicc. exam: MH 75300, 65289, 4771. 45373. RHT 6010,
7104, 12782, 22294, 22684.
SAMBUCACEAE
Sambucus nigra L. Shrubs or small trees. H: Bark, leaves. Exsicc.

exam: MH 90718, 90719. RHT 7897, 7898.
RUBIACEAE
Canthium p a r v i f l o r i m Lam. {=P1ectronia parvif1ora(Lam.) B e d d . ) S:

C h a y a t i n i s a h . G a n g e r u k i . Tarn: K a a r a i c h e d i . Armed, s h r u b s . D i s t r i b :
Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Roots, l e a v e s . S: Leaves, f r u i t s . E x s i c c .
exam: DSB 5 3 3 5 .
C a t u n a r e g a m s p i n o s a ( T h u n b . ) T i r v e n g a d u m (=Gardenia spinosa
T h u n b . ; Randia dumetorum ( R e t z . ) P o i r . ; Gardenia dumetorum R e t z . ;
Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda ( D C . ) Gamble;
Meynia spinosa Roxb. ex L i n k ; /?. longispina (Roxb.) DC;
Posoqueria longispina Roxb.; Randia brandisii Gamble). H &
T i b b i : M a i n p h a l . S: M a d a n a p h a l a . Tam: K a l a g a m . M a d h u k k a r a i .
Pungarai. Marukkarai. Marukallan. Trees. D i s t r i b : Almost all
d i s t r i c t s . A & S: F r u i t s , r o o t s , b a r k . E x s i c c . exam: MH 1 5 2 8 0 2 ,
1 0 8 0 1 0 , 1 5 9 5 7 4 . DSB 5 4 4 7 , 5 4 4 8 . RHT 2 3 8 7 0 , 24624, 2 9 4 2 9 .
C e p h a e l i s Ipecacuanha A. R i c h . Eng: I p e c a c . Shrub, cultivated. H:

Rhizomes, r o o t s . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
C i n c h o n a c a l i s a y a Wedd. T r e e s , c u l t i v a t e d . A: R e s i d u e after
removal o f q u i n i n e . H: Bark. C o s m o p o l i t a n : Q u i n i n e from bark.
E x s i c c . exam: RHT 9 6 2 8 .
C i n c h o n a c a l i s a y a Wedd. v a r . l e d g e r i a n a How. T r e e s under

c u l t i v a t i o n . A: Residue a f t e r removal o f q u i n i n e . H: B a r k . U &
C o s m o p o l i t a n : Q u i n i n e from b a r k . E x s i c c . exam:
Cinchona officinalis L. Tam: Koynamaram. S: Sinkonah.

K u n a y a n a h . T i b b i : K a n a k a n a . T a m : K o y n a h . C i n k o n a . T r e e s , c u l t i v a t e d . A:
Q u i n i n e d e r i v e d from b a r k , r e s i d u e a f t e r removal o f q u i n i n e . H:
110
Bark. U: Quinine sulphate from bark. Exsicc. unavailable. RHT 7900
& 7901. Thanikaimoni 65 (HIFP). DSB 3849, 5036, 5283, 5553.
Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzch Trees, cultivated, in the

hills. A: Residue after removal of quinine. H: Bark. U: Quinine
sulphate from bark. Cosmopolitan: Quinine from bark. Exsicc. exam:
Fyson! 3276 & 6931 (PCM). RHT 2190, 6115, 19672, 4908, 10272. DSB
3850.
Coffea arabica L. Eng: Coffee. S: Rajapiluh. Tam: Kaapi. Shrubs,

cultivated. A & H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: Shankaranarayanan s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 2848, 5319, 5623, 5624, 5641. RHT 1969, 7620, 7885.
Gardenia gummifera L.f. S: Nadihingu. Tam: (Chinna)kambi1i.

Tikkamalli. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai,
Nilgiri, North & South Arcot, Ramanathapuram. Tirunelveli. A & S:
Gum. Exsicc. exam: MH 76750, 72905, 25368. 25341. RHT 15381,
27100, 27537, 26976.
Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale {=Nauc1ea cordifolia Roxb.;

Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Brandis). S: Giri/Dhara-
kadambah. Taim: Kadambi. Manjatkadambi. Poonthaekku. Trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A:Bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH
79768, 130512, 159305, 100157. RHT 10118, 14635, 16228, 17015,
20430, 23289, 24249.
Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. {-Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn.). S:

Parpatah. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3612. RHT 11788, 10131, 11271, 17012, 19566,
20830.
Hedyotis herbacea L, {-OTdenlandia heynii R. Br.; O. herbacea (L.)

Roxb.). S: Chayaparpatika. Tam: Nonganampullu. Herbs. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Blasco s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 2735, 4661. RHT 10488, 18331, 14082, 19659, 20254,
26359.
Hedyotis puberula (G. Don) Arn. (=01denlandia puberula G. Don; O.

umbellata L.; Hedyotis umbelTata (L.) Lam.; Oldenlandia wightii
Hook.f.; Hedyotis wightii (Hook.f.) K.K.N. Nair.). Tam: Saayaver.
Inbural. Herbs. Distrib: All districts. 8: Roots (Cortex), leaves,
whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4565. RHT 12190, 17010, 17878,
23732, 25471.
Ill
Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley {-Cinchona orixensis
R o x b . ; Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) W a l l . ; Cinchona excelsa
R o x b . ) Tarn: M a l a i t h t h a n a k k u , V e l l a i - k a d a m b u , V i l a r i , V i r a l i .
T r e e s . S: L e a v e s , b a r k . D i s t r i b : Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, Madurai, N i l g i r i s , T i r u n e l v e l i . E x s i c c . exam: RHT
4592. 15671, 16480. 17798, 26472.
I x o r a coccinea L. S: P a r a n t i . V r l k s h i k a p u s h p a . Tam: Sinduram.

T h e t c h i . V e t c h i . Shrubs, p l a n t e d . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s .
A: R o o t s , l e a v e s . A, S & H: F l o w e r s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 2 1 1 2 ,
17001. Fyson! s . n . (PCM). Bourne! 2672 (PCM). L e g r i s s . n . ; Blasco
S . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB 3117, 5417, 5520.
I x o r a pavetta Andr. (=1. parviflora V a h l ; I . arborea Roxb. ex

J . E . S m i t h ) . Tam: Koram. K u r i v i . Shulundu. T r e e s . D i s t r i b : Almost
a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Roots l e a v e s , bark. E x s i c c . exam: MH 134989,
134954, 25918, 54897. RHT 3024, 7319, 11329, 30215.
Mitragyna p a r v i f o l i a (Roxb.) K o r t h . (=Nauc1ea parvifolia Roxb.

Stephegyne parvifolia ( R o x b . ) K o r t h . ) . S: V i t a n a h . Tam
Chinnakadambu. Nichulam. T r e e s . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A
R o o t s , b a r k , l e a v e s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 14220, 79705, 38860. RHT
2293, 13376, 27745, 27827.
Morinda c i t r i f o l i a L. (=M. bracteata R o x b . ) . Tam: Manjanatti.

Nuna. Tunnam. A: A l l p a r t s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 16995.
Morinda pubescens J . E . S m i t h (=M. tinctoria R o x b . ; M. tinctoria

Roxb. v a r . tomentosa (Heyne ex Roth) H o o k . f . ; M. tomentosa Heyne
ex R o t h ) . S: Paphanah. Tam: M a n j a n a t h i . Nuna. T r e e s . D i s t r i b :
Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A & S: A l l p a r t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3619.
RHT 27270, 13379, 17518, 16923, 11324.
Morinda u m b e l l a t a L. C l i m b i n g s h r u b s . D i s t r i b : Coimbatore,
M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i , N o r t h A r c o t , Ramanathapuram, Salem, T h a n j a v u r ,
T i r u c h i r a p a l l i , T i r u n e l v e l i . S: A l l p a r t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 2865.
RHT 2004, 13980, 14589, 1929, 23622, 27617.
N e o l a m a r c k i a cadamba ( R o x b . ) Bosser {=Nauclea cadamba R o x b . ;

Anthocephalus cadamba ( R o x b . ) M i q . ; A. indicus A. R i c h ) . S:
Kadambah, K u t s i t a n g a , N r i t y a k u n d a l a h . Tam: A r a t t a m . I n d u l a m .
Vellacadambu. T r e e s , sometimes p l a n t e d . A: Bark. S: Bark, l e a v e s ,
f r u i t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 80542.
112
Ophiorrhiza mungos L. S: Sarpaksi. Sarpari. Tarn: Kiripoondu.
Sadaichi. Herbaceous undershrub. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli. A:
Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2052, 48345, 48812.
Pavetta indica L. Tam:Pavattai. Araniya. Karanai, Trees.Distrib:

Almost all districts.S:Roots, leaves, fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH
139821. MH 11251. MH 80600. DSB 2909.
Rubia cordlfolia L. (=/?. munjista Roxb.). H: Manjit. S: Manjista,

Yojanavalli. Tibbi: Majeeth. Tarn: Manjiti. Sheval 1 i . Herbs.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiri, North &
South Arcot, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A & S: Roots. U:
Roots, stem. Exsicc. exam: DSB 661, 4978, 5385. RHT 13145, 17102,
17332, 21010, 27985.
Spermacoce hispida L. (=Borreria hispida (L.) L. Schum.; B.

articularis (L.f.) F. Williams; Spermacoce articularis L.f.). S:
Vasukah. Tam: Naaththaichuri. Herbs. A & 8: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 4460, 4903. RHT 3605, 12613, 19131, 20269, 25059.
Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirvengadam & Sastre (=Gardenia

u1iginosa Retz.; Randia uliginosa (Retz.) DC.; Xeromphis uliginosa
(Retz.) Mahesh.). Tam: Wagatta. Vargarai . Trees. Distrib:
Nilgiris, North Arcot, Tirunelveli. A: Fruits, bark. Exsicc. exeun:
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Alien herbs, naturalized. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5421,
5422. RHT 1677, 8261, 17128, 18144.
Achillea millefolium L. Herbs, cultivated. Distrib: Nilgiris. A:

Whole plant, leaves, roots. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB
2929.
Ageratum conyzoides L. Tam: Poompullu. S: Visamusti. Herbs.

Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Stem, roots, leaves. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 5310. RHT 296, 1061, 12823, 13332, 17165.
113
Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pampan. (= A.vulgaris L. var.
nilagirica Clarke; A. indica sensu Wight; A. vulgaris auct. non
Linn.). S: Damana(kah). Tarn: Maasi ppathi ri . Maasipoo. Perennial
herbs. Distrib: Nilgiris, Madurai. Salem, Coimbatore. A: Leaves,
flowering tops. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3999, 13427.
Bell is perennis L, Eng: English Daisy. Shrubs, cultivated. H:

Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1051.
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. (=Conyza lacera Burm.f.; Blumea lacera

(Burm.f.) DC. var. glandulosa (DC.) Hook.f.; B. glandulosa DC.).
Tarn: Navakarandai. S: Kukundarah. Kukkuradry. Tarn: Kaatumullangi.
Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Chengalpattu, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri,
Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i, Salem & S. Arcot. A: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: MH 112709, 56904, 86376, 79621. RHT 8135, 12134,
6684, 15639, 29086.
Blumea malcolmii (Clarke) Hook.f. Herb. Distrib: Coimbatore.

Madurai. A: Whole plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni s.n.
(HIFP).
Calendula officinalis L. Eng: Pot Marigold. Herbs, cultivated. H:

Whole plant, leaves, flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3224.
Carthamus tinctorius L. Eng: Safflower. S: Kusumbah. Tarn:

Sendhurakam. herbs, cultivated. A: Seeds, leaves, flowers. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Cichorium endivia L. Eng: Endives. Herbs, cultivated. A: Whole

plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
Cichorium intybus L. Eng: Chicory. H, S & Tarn: Kaas(h)ni. Herbs,

cultivated. A: Whole plant. H: Roots. U: Seeds, roots. Exsicc.
exam: MH 55059.
Cynara scolymus L. Eng: Globe Artichoke. Herbs, cultivated. H:

Unopened heads. Exsicc. unavailable.
Echlnops echinatus Roxb. Tibbi: Ashtarkhar (Oontkatara). Annuals.

Distrib: Maurai, Salem, Dharmapuri, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole
plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 78651. 104280. 28702. RHT 21131,
22260. 26462.
114
E c l i p t a p r o s t r a t a ( L . ) L. {=Verbesina prostrata L.\ Eclipta alba
(L.) Hassk.; Verbesina alba L.). H & T i b b i : Bhangra. S:
B h r i n g r a j a . T e k a r a j a h . Tarn: Garuga. Kayanthakara. K a r i s a l a a n k a n n i .
H e r b s . D i s t r i b : A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s . A, S & U: Whole p l a n t .
E x s i c c . exam: Fyson! 5 1 8 1 , 5026 & 5115 (PCM). Meher Hornji s . n . ,
Blasco 1434 ( H I F P ) . DSB 2144, 5412, 5491. RHT 16452, 26645.
E l e p h a n t o p u s s c a b e r L . H & S : H a s t i p a d a . S : G o j i h v a . Tarn:
Y a n a i c h u v a d i . Herbs. D i s t r i b : Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai,
N i l g i r i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A & S: Whole p l a n t , r o o t s , l e a v e s , f l o w e r s .
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 6 8 6 .
E m i l i a s o n c h i f o l i a ( L . ) DC. {=Caca1ia sonchifolia L . ) S: S a s a r u t i h .

Tam: M u y a l c h e v i . H e r b s . A : W h o l e p l a n t . D i s t r i b : A l m o s t all
d i s t r i c t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 5 5 5 8 . RHT 7 6 6 5 , 6 3 2 3 , 1 5 6 4 2 , 2 0 8 9 7 .
E r i g e r o n c a n a d e n s i s L. E n g : Canada F l e a - b a n e . H e r b s , a t h i g h
a l t i t u d e s . H: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 7 9 3 5 . 7 9 3 8 , 7 9 4 1 .
P a s c a l 113 ( H I F P ) .
G a l i n s o g a p a r v i f l o r a C a v . Tam: Modhirakkanni. Herbs. H: Whole

p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 5 5 5 7 .
Glossocardia bosvallea ( L . f . ) DC. (=Verbesina bosvalleaPY L.f.;

Glossocardia linearifolia Cass.).Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, N i l g i r i s , North Arcot, Pudukkottai,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , S a l e m , S o u t h A r c o t . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam:
RHT 6 0 1 8 , 1 9 2 6 8 . 2 4 6 5 3 , 2 5 1 3 9 .
H e l i a n t h u s annuus L. Tam: S u r y a g a n d h i . S & H: A d h i t y a b h a k t h a .

S u r a j m u k h i . U n d e r s h r u b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A : L e a v e s , f l o w e r s , s e e d s . H:
S e e d s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 3 4 2 . RHT 1413, 2 4 3 7 .
L a c t u c a s a t i v a L. E n g : L e t t u c e . H e r b s w i t h yellow heads,
c u l t i v a t e d . H: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 1 0 6 9 . RHT 1 5 7 3 .
Parthenium h y s t e r o p h o r u s L . E n g : B i t t e r - b r o o m . B r a z i l : Escobamarga.
H e r b s , n a t u r a l i z e d . H: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 2 8 3 . RHT
7888, 20628, 24493.
1 15
M a t r i c a r i a chamoinilla L. Eng: German-chamomi l e . Herbs, cultivated.
H: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
S a n t o l i n a chamaecyparissas L. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole plant.

E x s i c c . exam: RHT 7953, 7954. DSB 4334, 5 3 6 1 .
S e n e c i o b i c o l o r ( W i l l d . ) Tod s s p . cineraria (DC.) Chater

(=Cineraria bicolor W i l l d . ; Senecio cineraria DC; Cineraria
maritima L . ) . Eng:Dusty-mi1ler. A l i e n subshrub, c u l t i v a t e d i n
h i l l s t a t i o n s . H: Leaves, whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4798,
5227.
Silybum marianum ( L . ) G a e r t n . (=Carduus marianus L . ) . Eng: Blessed

T h i s t l e . S t . Mary's T h i s t l e . Shrubs. H: Seeds. E x s i c c . exam: DSB
3236.
Solidago v i r g a - a u r e a L. Eng: Golden Rod. Herbs, cultivated. H:

Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
S i e g e s b e c k i a o r i e n t a l i s L. Herbs. H: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . Fyson!

67, 5753 & 6952 (PCM). Raj an s . n . (PCM). DSB 5639-42. RHT 10014.
10591. 20945.
Sphaeranthus indicus L. (=S. hirtus W i l l d . ) . H: Gorakmundi. S &

T i b b i : M u n d i . S : H a p u s a . Sravam. Tarn: K o t t a i / V i s h n u - k a r a n d a i .
Herbs, c u l t i v a t e d . A & S: Whole p l a n t . U: Flower heads. E x s i c c .
e x a m : MH 158757. MH 105585. MH 2 7 7 3 9 . DSB 480. RHT 6685. 7156.
13396.
Vernonia a n t h e l m i n t i c a ( L . ) W i l l d . i=Conyza anthelmintica L.;

Centratherum anthelminticum ( L . ) K u n t z e ) . H: S o m r a j . S:
B r i h a t p a l i . Vanajeerakam. Tarn: Kaatuseeragam. S i t t i l a i . Herbs.
D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u , Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, M a d u r a i , N o r t h &
South A r c o t , N i l g i r i , Salem, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A & S: F r u i t s . H:
Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH 14859, 3 5 9 1 2 . RHT 5 2 1 5 , 2 0 3 7 0 .
26145.
Vernonia cinerea ( L . ) Less {-Conyza cinerea L . ) . S: Sahadevi.

Tam: Seedhevi. Sengazhuneer . M o o k u t t i p u n d u . Kodanthal.
Poovamkurunthal. N a a i c h i t t i . Herbs. D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s .
A: Whole p l a n t . S: Whole p l a n t , l e a v e s , f l o w e r s . E x s i c c . exam: (V.
a l b i c a n s ) MH 96461. MH 158587. DSB 2 7 9 1 . RHT 3515, 2212, 6653.
7379.
116
Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. {=Solidago chinensis Osbeck;
Wedelia calendulacea Less.)- S: Pitabhringaraja. Tarn:
Manjalkarisalaankanni. Pottralai. Kaiyan/Patalaiyaan-thagarai.
Perennial herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai,
North Arcot, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i , Tirunelveli. A & S: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 54809, 100391, 8367. DSB 5429, 5502. RHT
15770, 17163, 24448.
Xanthium indicum Koen. (=X. strumarium L.). Tarn: Marulumathai.

Herbs. Distrib: In all districts. A: Roots, whole plant. H: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: Fyson! 2284 (PCM). Blasco 9584 (HIFP). DSB
5417. RHT 2859, 13398, 16824.
Xanthium spinosum L. Herbs, introduced and naturalised. H: Whole

plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2329, 13398.
LOBELIACEAE
Lobelia Teschenaultlana (Presl) Skottsb. (=Rapuntium

leschenaultianum P r e s l ; Lobelia excelsa L e s c h . ex R o x b . ; L.
beddomeana F. Wimmer). Herbs. D i s t r i b : Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari,
M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i . A: Leaves, s h o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 40851,
40113, 43474, 54160.
Lobelia n i c o t i a n a e f o l i a Roth ex S c h u l t e s v a r . nicotianaefolia H:

N a l a . S: D e v a n a l a . Tam: K a a t u p u h a i e l a i . U p p e r i c h e d i . H e r b s .
Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram,
T i r u n e l v e l i . A: Leafy s h o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3420, 5570.
ERICACEAE
Arbutus unedo L. Shrubs. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (=G. leschenaultii D C ) . Shrubs

Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri. Eng: Wintergreen. A: Leaves, oil.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 2467, 6961, 22292. DSB 3944.
1 17
PLUMBAGINACEAE
P l u m b a g o a u r i c u l a t a L a m . i=P. capensis Thunb.). Climber,

c u l t i v a t e d . A: R o o t s , w h o l e p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH 7 4 4 6 0 , 7 4 3 6 9 ,
1 5 4 2 0 4 . DSB 3 6 9 3 . RHT 7429, 1 5 1 5 9 , 28256.
Plumbago i n d i c a L. (=P. rosea L . ) . Eng: L e a d w o r t . H: L a l c h i t a . S:

Dahanah. R a k t a c h i t r a k a . Tarn: C h e n k o d i v e l i . A k k i n i . Climber,
p l a n t e d . A, S & U: R o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 2 9 2 8 5 , 2 9 2 0 2 . DSB
5411. 5581.
Plumbago zeylanica L. S: Chitraka. Tam: Sittragam.

C h i t h t h i r a m o o l a m . H & T i b b i : S h e e t r a j - h i n d i . H e r b s . A, S & U:
R o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: F y s o n ! 3 3 2 4 , 6963 (PCM). L e g r i s s . n . ( H I F P ) .
DSB 4 9 5 8 , 5 2 5 1 . RHT 1 1 2 5 , 2 6 8 2 , 6220, 1 0 6 7 0 . N o t e : The e p i t h e t
Chiththiramoolam i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l Plumbago s p p .
PRIMULACEAE
Anagallis arvensis L. (=A. latifolia L.). Tam: Anicham. Herbs.

Distrib: Dharmapuri, Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. H:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3698, 5586. RHT 5224, 7042,
13430. 17147.
Primula obconica Hance Eng: Primrose. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole

MYRSINACEAE
Embelia gardneriana Wight Shrubs. A: Fruits, roots. Distrib:

Nilgiri. Exsicc. unavailable.
Embelia ribes Burm.f. H & Tibbi: Baberang. S: Vidanga. Veil ah.

Tam: Vayuvi1angam. Vivilangam. Lianes. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A, S, U & H: Fruits. A: Roots, leaves. Note: In Unani
used in lieu of E. tsjeriam cottam (Roem. & Schultes) DC. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 11644, 16950. Blasco 566 (HIFP). DSB 3976, 4326, 5537,
5626, 5636. RHT 2957. 4163, 7704, 26695.
118
E m b e l i a t s j e r i a m - c o t tain ( R o e m . & S c h u l t e s ) D C . {=Ardi si a
tsjeriamcottam (Roem. & S c h u l t e s ) D C . ; Embelia robusta sensu
C l a r k e ; E. acutipetal urn (Lam, ex H a s s k . ) A l m e i d a & A l m e i d a ; Basal
acutipetalum Lam. ex H a s s k . ) . Large shrubs or small trees.
D i s t r i b : C o i m b a t o r e , N i l g i r i , N o r t h A r c o t , S a l e m . U: F r u i t s .
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 1 2 4 5 .
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca l o n g i f o l i a (Koen.) Macbr. var. longifolia (=Bassia

longifolia Koen.). H: Mohua. S: Madhuka. Tam: Ilupei.
Naatuilupei. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, N i l g i r i , South A r c o t , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , T i r u n e l v e l i ,
D h a r m a p u r i , S a l e m . A: B a r k , h e a r t w o o d , o i l cake, o i l , flowers,
fruits, s e e d s . S: F l o w e r s , s e e d s , s t e m and r o o t b a r k . Exsicc.
exam: RHT 4 3 6 7 , 6 8 5 6 , 8 3 5 5 .
M a n i l k a r a h e x a n d r a ( R o x b . ) D u b a r d {=Mimusops hexandra R o x b . ) . S:
R a j a d a n a h . Tam: P a l a i . K a n n u p a l a i . T r e e s . D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u .
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, N i l g i r i , North & South Arcot,
R a m a n a t h a p u r a m , T h a n j a v u r , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: B a r k , f r u i t s . Exsicc.
exam: MH 1 4 6 3 7 5 , 9 9 5 5 9 , 1 0 4 7 5 1 . G o v i n d a r a j u l u 3757 (PCM). RHT
4342. 6337, 12830, 20981.
Mimusops e l e n g i L. Tam: M a h i l a . S & T i b b i : B a k u l a . T r e e s . D i s t r i b :

A l m o s t a l l d i s t r i c t s a t l o w e r e l e v a t i o n s . A: B a r k , flowers,
f r u i t s , s e e d s . S: L e a v e s , f r u i t s , s e e d s , b a r k . U: F l o w e r s , b a r k .
E x s i c c . exam: MH 1 5 3 8 6 4 , 7 9 6 0 9 , 1 0 7 3 4 3 . F y s o n s . n . (PCM). RHT
1 8 5 5 , 2 4 9 1 , 6 4 9 2 , 1 3 4 2 6 , 16260
EBENACEAE
Diospyros malabarlca (Desr.) Kostel. (=Garcinia malabaricum Desr.

Diospyros peregrine Pars.; D. embryopteris Pers.). S: Tinduka
Tam: Tumblka. Panichchai. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot, Tirunelveli
A: Bark, leaves, flowers, fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 68767, 45408
RHT 23104. 29165.
119
D i o s p y r o s m e l a n o x y l o n Roxb. ( = D . dubia W a l l , ex A , D C . ) , Tarn:
K a r a i . Karumdumbi. Tumbi. B e e d i - e l a i . T r e e s . D i s t r i b : C o i m b a t o r e ,
N i l g i r i , T i r u n e l v e l i , Dharmapuri, Salem, South A r c o t . A: Bark,
f l o w e r s , l e a v e s , f r u i t s . E x s i c c . exam: MH 88472, 97432, 74826. RHT
682, 13906, 16172.
D i o s p y r o s m o n t a n a R o x b . Tam: V a k k a n a i . T r e e s . Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u , C o i m b a t o r e , Dharmapuri, N i l g i r i , N o r t h & South
A r c o t , Salem, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: B a r k , f l o w e r s , f r u i t s , l e a v e s .
Exsicc. exam: MH 6 8 5 0 0 , 73199, 149449. RHT 5221, 15862, 16209,
20251.
SYMPLOCACEAE
Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) Moore ssp. laurina (Retz.)

Nooteb. (= S. spicata Roxb. var. laurina (Retz.) Clarke S:
Lodhrah. Tam: Kambi1ivetti . Trees. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2746, 4685, 9667, 18580,
18939, 27625.
Symplocos racemosa Roxb. (=S. beddomei Clarke; S. candoliana

Brand). H, S & Tibbi: Lodh(ra). Tam: Velli-lethi. Venlothram.
Small trees or shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A, S & U:
Bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
OLEACEAE
Jasminum angustlfolium (L.) Willd. var. angustifolium (=Nyctanthes

angustifolia L.). S: Asphota. Vanamallika. Tam: Kaatumal1igai.
Climbing shrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Leaves,
flowers, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2289, 3555, 13986, 2297, 14017.
Jasminum arborescens Roxb. S: Nagamal1i. Climbing shrub. Distrib:

Nilgiri. A: Leaves, flowers. Exsicc. unavailable.
Jasminum auriculatum Vahl S: Yuthika. Sucimallika. Tam: Mullai.

Climbing shrub. A: Leaves, flowers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3222, 6500,
13493, 16306.
120
Jasminum bignoniaceum Wall, ex G. Don (=J. humile sensu Clarke).
Shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal1i.
A:Leaves, flowers, fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3690.
Jasminum grandiflorum L. S: Jati. Malati. Tarn: Manmatha-baanam.

Climbing shrub with white fragrant flowers. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Salem, South Arcot, Tirunelveli. A: Flowers, leaves. Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 2436, 5519-A. RHT 3666.
Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andr. { = Nyctanthes multi flora

Burm.f.; Jasminum pubescens Willd.; J. bracteatum Roxb.). 8:
Kundah. Climbing shrub. A: Leaves, flowers. Exsicc. exam: RHT
20556.
Jasminum officinale L. H & Tibbi: Chameli. Tibbi: Yasmeen. Tarn:

Mai 1i . S: Jati. Climbing shrub. Distrib: Madurai. A: Leaves,
flowers.H: Berries. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7971,7972. Legris s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 4476.
Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. var. sambac i=Nyctanthes sambac Linn.).

S & Tam: Mallika(i). Shrubs, cultivated. A: Leaves, flowers,
roots. S: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3165. RHT 3030, 9943, 16489,
17064.
Myxopyrum serratulum A.W. Hill (=W. smi Taci foliurn Blume) S:

Chaturdharalata. Hemamalati. Tam: Chaturamal 1 i . Climbing shrubs.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. S: Moksaka. Muskakah. Ksarasresthah.

Tam: Mogalingam. Pasarai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri,
Dharmapuri, Salem, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i . A: Leaves,
flowers, fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 100033, 71726, 66402,
129380. RHT 13518, 13970, 24238, 24263.
NYCTANTHACEAE
Nyctanthes arbortristris L. S: Sephalikah. Tam: Parijaatham,

Pavalamalli. Trees. A:Leaves, flowers, seeds. H: Leaves, flowers
121
SALVADORACEAE
Azima tetracantha Lam. S: Kundali. Tarn: Ichanka, Mulsangu. Shrubs.

Distrib: Almost all districts. S: Roots, leaves, root bark.
Salvadora persica L. var. wightiana (Planch, ex Thw.) Verde. (=S.

wightlana Planch.; S. persica sensu Roxb.; S. indica Wight). S:
Piluh. Tam: Opa. Kodumaval1i. Chituvah. Shrubs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A: Leaves, fruits, bark, root. Exsicc. exam: MH
145240, 103254, 78397, 145613. RHT 1119, 4347, 20732, 21148,
27327.
APOCYNACEAE
Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum. i = Echites dichotoma Roth.;

Aganosma caryophyllata G.Don). Climber. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
NUgiri. A: Bark, latex, leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 31943. MH 97426.
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. {=Echites scholaris L . ) . H:

Chhativan. S: Saptaparna. Tibbi: Kashim (Chatim). Tam: Ezhilam-
palai. Mukampalai. Trees. A: Bark, leaves, latex, H: Bark.
Alstonia venenata R. Br. S: Visaghni. Anadana. Trees. A: Roots,

fruits. Exsicc. exam: MH 31596.
Carissa carandas L. S: Karamardah. Avighnah. Tam: Kila. Kalaakkai.

Shrub. A: Roots, fruits. S:Flowers, fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 2588, 16471, 23055, 29480.
Carissa spinarum L. var. spinarum (=C. diffusa Roxb.). Tam:

Chirukila. Shrub. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Roots, fruits.
Exsicc exam: DSB 3626. RHT 2591, 3392, 4332, 12413.
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold (=Cerbera thevetia L.; Thevetia

neri i folia Juss. ex Steud.). Tam: Pacharali. Ponnarali. Shrubs or
small trees, cultivated. H: Bark, seeds. Exsicc. exam:
Thanikaimoni 1560 (HIFP). DSB 3031, 5256. RHT 2648, 3446, 16293,
18187.
122
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don {^Vinca rosea L.;Lochnera rosea
(L.) Reichb.). S: Nityakalyani.Woody herbs, cultivated. A: Whole
pi ant.S: Roots, flowers. H: Leaves. Cosmopolitan: Roots. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 4290, 4641, 5493, 5494, 5265. RHT 6057, 11392, 13498,
16034.
Cerbera odollam Gaertn. S: Audalakah. Svanamarah. Tarn: Kadama.

Shrubs or small trees in salt marshes. Distrib: Chengalpattu. A:
Bark, leaves, fruits, latex. Exsicc. unavailable.
Holarrhena antidysentrica (Roxb. ex Fleing) Wall.; (=Echites

antidysentries Roxb, ex Fleming; Holarrhena codaga G. Don). H:
Kurchi. S: Kalinga, Kutaja. Tibbi: Inderjoa-Talkh. Tarn: Veppalai.
Kodagappalai. Kuththuppalai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, North & South Arcot, Tirunelveli. A & S: Bark, leaves,
seeds. H: Bark. U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: Shankaranarayana s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 4574, 4659, 5433. RHT 3541, 13858, 16525, 23612.
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br. {=Apocynum frutescens L.). H:

Syamalata. Kalasar. S: Krishna/Ulpala-sariva. Palindi. Syamala.
Tam: Paaravalli. Udharkodi. Anandamula. Maakaalikizhangu.
Karunannari. Tibbi: Kali-dudhi. Climbing herb. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3628, 4658. RHT 2642,
5652, 16541, 22717, 25928. Note: The Tamil epithet
Maakaalikizhangu is attributed to Decalepis hami1tonii also.
Nerium oleander L.(= N. indicum Mill.; N. odorum Soland.). Eng:

Oleander. Rose-bay. S: Karavira. Tibbi: Kaner. Tam: Sevvarali.
Karaviram. Shrubs, often planted. A: Roots, leaves. H: Leaves,
roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7979, 13505. DSB 352, 3538. 5022, 5459.
Plumeria rubra L. (= P. acutifolia Poir.) S: Ksira/Sveta-Champaka.

Tam: Kal1imandhaarai. Malai-arali. Trees, planted. A: Roots, bark,
leaves, latex. Exsicc. exam: RHT 6852, 17089, 17751, 22931.
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz {=Ophioxylon serpentinum

L.). H: Chotachand. S: Chandrika, Sarpagandha. Tam: Sivanamalpori.
Covannamalpodi. Sarpagandhi. Herbaceous undershrub. A & H: Roots.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4431, 4589, 5435. RHT 5273, 15171, 15042.
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br, ex Roem. & Schultes {=Nerium

divaricatum L.; Tabernaemontanum coronaria (Jacq.) Willd.; Nerium
123
coronarium Jacq.; Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf; E. divaricata
(L.) B u r k i l l ) . H: N a n d i v a r d h a n . S: Nandipushpa. Tarn:
Nandiyaavattam. Aukkunandiya. Shrubs, cultivated. A: Flowers,
roots, bark,latex. S: Flowers, bark. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 3120, 5408. RHT 2620, 11317, 17095.
Wrightia arborea (Denns.) Mabberley {=Perip1oca arborea Denns.;

Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schultes). Tarn: Karumpalai. Palai.
Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri, North Arcot,
Salem, Tirunelveli, Dharmapuri, Tiruchirapal 1 i. A: Bark, leaves,
latex, seeds.Exsicc. exam: RHT 4625, 13519, 15682, 16443, 23217.
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. var. tinctoria {=Nerium

tinctorium Roxb.). H: Mi thainderjoa. S: Swetakutaja. Tibbi:
Inderjoa-shireen. Tam: Nila/Iram/Vepp/Thondaam-paalai. Trees. A &
S: Bark, leaves, seeds. U: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2626, 15614.
Blasco 1695 (HIFP). Pascal 548 . DSB 3468, 3923, 5266, 5373. RHT
2687, 15682, 16443, 23217.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias curassavica L. Herbs, planted. H: Whole plant. Exsicc.

exam: Govindarajulu 5242 & 2116 (PCM). Pascal 417 (HIFP). Ramesh
636 (HIFP). DSB 4767. RHT 16021, 17180.
Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. (=Asc1epias gigantea L . ) . H: Aak.

Tibbi: Madar. Tam: Erukku. S: Arka. Shrubs. Distrib: In all
districts. A, S & U: Leaves, roots, latex. H: Root bark. Exsicc.
exam: Blasco 2230 (HIFP). DSB 3901, 4552, 5451. RHT 1273, 1030,
3697.
Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. Tam: Vellerukku. Shrubs. Distrib:

Madurai. A & S: Leaves, roots, latex. Exsicc. unavailable.
Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. S: Gilodayam. Kalodayam. Climbers.

Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Tirunelveli. A: Tubers. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 4551 , 18415.
Ceropegia hirsuta Wight & Arn. Climbers. Distrib: Coimbatore,

Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT
28493.
124
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br, ex Schultes {-Periploca sylvestre
Retz.). S: Meshasringi.Madhunasini, Tarn: Shirukurunja.
Kannuminnayamkodi. Sarkaraiko11i. Tibbi: Gurmarbuti. Climbeing
shrub. Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Fruits, leaves,
roots. H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: Shankaranarayanan s.n. (HIFP) .
DSB 2207, 4361, 5533, 5534. RHT 608, 2690, 3098, 15592.
Holastemma ada-kodien Schultes (=H. rheedii Wall.; H. annulare

(Roxb.) K. Schum.; Asclepias annularis Roxb.). S: Jivanti. Tam:
Paalaikkeerai. Climbing shrub. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Madurai, Nilgiri, North Arcot, Tirunelveli. A: Roots.Exsicc. exam:
MH 34356, 1520, 79448.
Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn. (=Cynanchum reticulatum

Retz.). H & S: Jivanti. Tam: Palakudai. Paalai. Keerippalai.
Climbing shrubs. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Stem.
Exsicc. exam: MH 87040, 80134, 143879, 75476, 12101. RHT 2707,
3962, 18111, 23527.
Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon i=Asc1epias tenacissima Roxb.).

Tam: Panjukkodi. Climbing shrub. Distrib: Madurai. (Henry et a1.
1987). A: Whole plant, stem, roots. Exsicc. unavailable. None of
Tamil Nadu in MH. MH 108175 - 13816 Swarupanand 19-7-1976.
Calicut, Calicut District, Kerala. RHT 20882, 3341, 21790 (Salem
& Dharmapuri).
Pentatropis capensis (L.f.) Bullock {=Cynanchum capense L.f.;

Pentatropis microphylla (Heyne ex Roth) Wight & Arn.; Asclepias
microphylla Heyne ex Roth) Tam: Uppi 1 i . Uppilaan. Herbaceous
climbers. Distrib: In most of the districts. S: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 7359, 13605, 20089, 22197, 28201.
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (=Asc1epias daemia Forssk.;

Daemia extensa (Jacq.) R.Br.; Cynanchum extensa Jacq.; Pergularia
extensa (Jacq.) N.E. Br.). S: Ugaphala. Kurutakah. Uththamarani.
Tam: Uttamani. Veliparuththi.CIimber. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A & S: Whole plant. S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
474, 1820, 5416. RHT 5944, 6698, 12867, 20355.
Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt i=Asc1epias acida Roxb.;

Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn.). H & S: Somalata. Tam:
Kodikalli, Somam. Somaval1i. Shrubs. Distrib: Almost all
125
districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 333. RHT 3805, 4767,
17181, 17198.
Secamone emetica (Retz.) R.Br, ex Schultes (-Periploca emetica

Retz.). Tam: Aangaraval1i. Siruattankodi. Nilamarandaikodi. Shrub.
Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Stem, roots. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 3347, 9242, 15589, 21840.
Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. {-Cynanchuw indicum Burm.f.;

Tylophora asthmatica (L.f.) Wight & Arn.; Asclepias asthmatica
L . f . ) . S: Latakshiri, Tam: Nayppaalai. Nanjaruppalai.
Naangilaippirattai . Paalaikeerai. Climber. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A, S & H: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: Fyson! 5122
(PCM). Swamy 535 (PCM). Legris s.n. (HIFP). Balakrishnan 135
(HIFP). DSB 3057, 4045, 5028, 5193, 5468, 5469, 5692, 5693.
Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf {-AscTepias voTubilis L.f.;

Dregea voTubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Marsdenia volubilis
(L.f.) Clarke; Hoya viridiflora R . B r . ) . S: Madhumalat hi .
Hemajeevanti. Tam: Kurincha. Kodippalai. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Leaves, stem, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5050, 5495.
RHT 765, 6452, 15586, 16065.
PERIPLOCACEAE
Cryptolepis buchananii Roem. & Schultes Tam:Paalkodi. Maattankedi.

Climber. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, North Arcot,
Ramanathapuram, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli.A: Roots. Exsicc.
exam: MH 11829, 98759, 60160. RHT 3065, 8174, 14008, 15602.
Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. Tam: Makalikizhangu.

Mavi1lakizhangu. Climbers. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 157240, 47041, 74892,
83089, 82204. RHT 5299, 21038, 23133,
Hemidesmus indlcus (L.) R.Br. var. indicus {=Perip1oca indica L.).

H & S: Anantamul.S: Svetasariva. Tam: Suganthipala. Nannaari.
Narunelli. Tibbi: Ushba-hindi.Shrub. A, S, U & H: Roots. S:
Leaves, stem. Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFP). Bourne! 2743
(PCM). Rajasekaran 8. (PCM). Swami 2231 & 2294 (PCM). DSB 1061,
5343. RHT RHT 442, 3519. 7279, 17178.
126
LOGANIACEAE
Strychnos nux-vomica L. H: Kuchila. Tibbi: Azaraqi. S: Karaskarah.

Vishamushti. Tarn: Yetti. Kanjiram. Tree. Distrib: Almost all
districts, at lower elevations. A, S, U & H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam:
Blasco 1339 (HIFP). DSB 3257, 4409. RHT 1153, 6923, 26977.
Strychnos potatorum L.f. H & Tibbi: Nirmali. S: Ambuprasadah.

Kathakah. Tarn: Thetham. Thetram. Trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts at lower elevations. A, S & U: Bark, Seeds. Exsicc.
exam: MH 75306. MH 109284. MH 39183. MH 75775. RHT 440, 906,
13918, 16270.
GENTIANACEAE
Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Schultes & Schultes f. {=P1adera

decussata Roxb.).S: Sankhini. Sankhapuspi. Herbs. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Salem, Dharmapuri , Ti ruchirapall i . A: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 33481, 33490. RHT 609, 18711, 20814,
25576, 25952.
Enicostemma axillare (Lam.) Raynal {=Gentiana axillaris Lam.;

Enicostemma 1ittorale auct. non Blume; Adenema hyssopifolium G.
Don; Enicostemma hyssopifo1ium (Willd.) Verd.; Exacum
hyssopifolium Willd.). S: Nagajihva. Mamajjakah. Nahi. Tarn:
Vallaari. Vellarugu. Herb. Distrib: In all districts. A & S: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 380, 7218, 17665, 20177, 20600.
Exacum tetragonum Roxb. (=E. bicolor Roxb.; E. perrottetii

Griseb.). Erect herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli.
A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 33148 (RHB).
BORAGINACEAE
Borago officinalis L. Eng: Borage. H & Tibbi: Gauzuban. Herbs,

cultivated. H: Whole plant. U: Stem, leaves, flowers. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 2040.
Coldenia procumbens L. H: Hansraj. S: Hamsapadi. Tarn: Seruppadai.

Herbs. Distrib: All plains districts. A & S: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 2030.
127
Cordia gharaf ( F o r s s k . ) Ehrenb. ex A s c h / {=Cornus gharaf Forssk.;
Cordia rothii Roem. & S c h u l t . ) . Tarn: N a r v i l l i . T r e e s . D i s t r i b :
C h e n g a l p a t t u , Coimbatore, North & South A r c o t , Tirunelveli,
Dharmapuri, Salem, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam:
MH 97275. MH 33803, 33809, 33807. RHT 13671, 16259, 18011.
H e l i o t r o p i u m indicum L. {=Tiaridium indicum ( L . ) Lehm). H:

H a t i s u n d . S: V r i s c h i k a l i . Tam: Thaelkodukkupoondu. D i s t r i b : Almost
a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t . S: Leaves. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3 1 3 1 .
RHT 216, 5938, 1349, 7225, 23795.
Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br. D: A(n)dhahpuspi. Tam:

K a l l u d a i t h u m b a i . K a v i z h t h u m b a i . Herbs. D i s t r i b : I n a l l d i s t r i c t s .
A: Whole p l a n t . S: Leaves. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4692. RHT 118, 1403,
13689, 16789.
Trichodesma z e y l a n i c u m (Burm.f.) R.Br. {=Borago zeylanica

B u r m . f . ) . H e r b s . D i s t r i b : I n most o f t h e d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole
p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 537, 1902, 16721, 27023.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Argyreia nervosa ( B u r m . f . ) Boj (=Convolvulus nervosus Burm.f.;

Argyreia speciosa S w e e t ) . S: V r d d h a d a r u k a h . B a s t a n t r i . Tam:
Samuthra-pachchai/palai. Climbing shrubs. D i s t r i b : Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli, Salem, South
A r c o t , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: R o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 13736, 15757,
18991, 30220.
Argyreia setosa (Roxb.) Choisy (=Lettsomia setosa Roxb.).

C l i m b e r s . D i s t r i b : M a d u r a i , N i l g i r i . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam:
A S a u l i e r e ! 1326 (SHC).
Convolvulus arvensis L. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore,

NiIgiri,Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole p l a n t . Exsicc. exam: MH 2987
(V. Narayanaswamy).
C r e s s a c r e t i c a L. S: R u d a n t i . Tam: Vuppu M a r i k k o z h u n d u .
Undershrubs. D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u , Ramanathapuram, South A r c o t ,
T h a n j a v u r , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH 143850,
80675, 142256. RHT 1365, 7148, 28384, 30332.
128
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. S: Akasaval1i. Asparsa. Tarn: Sadhaadhaari.
Aphyllous twining parasite. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4168, 5600, 5606. RHT 17369,
20530, 28121.
Evo1vu1us alsinoides (L.) L. {^Convolvulus alsinoides L.). H, S &

Tam: Vishnukraandhi. Tibbi: Sankholi. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A & S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 532, 4902. RHT
1208, 2902, 10350.
Exogonium purga Benth. Climbers. H: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: DSB

20AQ.
Ipomoea alba L. (=1. bona-nox L.; Calonyction bona-nox (1.) Boj.;

C. spec 70su/n Choi sy) . Climbers. Distrib: Chengal pattu, Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Salem. H: Whole plant, flowers. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 52271, 52282.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. (=1. reptans Poir.). Tam: Sarkaraival1i.

Herbs. Distrib: All districts. A: Roots, stem. Exsicc. exam: RHT
2876, 28638, 5654, 19962.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. i=Convo1vu1us batatas L.). S: Pindulah.

Raktaluh. Tam: Sarkaraival1i kizhangu. Herbs, cultivated. A:
Tubers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4543, 17322, 22952.
Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. (=1. paniculata R.Br.; I. digitata sensu

Clarke). S: Ksiravidari. Tam: Nilapoosani. Climber. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Coimbatore. A: Tuberous roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth {=Convo1vulus nil L.; Ipomoea hederacea

auct. non (L.) Jacq.).Krishnabijah. Tam: Kukkattan. Chirikki.
Climber. Distrib: In all districts. A: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT
2842, 11284.
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br, (=Convo1vu1us pes-caprae Linn.;

Ipomoea biloba Forssk.).S: Maryadhaval1i. Sagaramekhala. Tam:
Attukkaal. Kuthiraikulambu. Creepers. Distrib: In all districts.
A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 259, 7188, 11852, 13756.
129
Ipomoea sepiaria Koen. ex Roxb. H & S: Laxman(a). Tarn: Talikkirai.
Twining herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant.
Ipomoea turbinata Lag. (=1. muricata (L.) Jacq.; Convolvulus

muricatus L.; Calonyction muricatum (L.) G. Don). Tarn:
Kaatuthalai. Climbers. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Nilgiris. A: Roots,
whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hall.f. {=Ipomoea paniculata

Burm.f.; Convolvulus paniculata Burm.f.). H: Bilaikand. S:
Ksiravidari. Tam: Paalmudakkankizhangu. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A & S: Tuberous roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 908, 5571,
13710, 25550.
Herremia emarglnata (Burm.f.) Hall.f. {=Evolvulus emarginatus

Burm.f.; Ipomoea reniformis (Roxb.) Choisy; Convolvulus reniformis
Roxb.). S: Akhukarni. Tam: Perettaikkirai. Yelikkaadhukeerai.
Climbers. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Ramanathapuram, Salem, South
Arcot, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole plant. S: Leaves.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 2867, 6281, 11161, 19809.
Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f. ssp. tridentata (=Convolvulus

tridentatus L.; Ipomoea tridentata (L.) R o t h ) . H & S: Prasarani.
Pasaran. Tam: Mudiyaakoondhal. Creeping herbs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A & S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 206, 2858,
7194, 14277, 25450.
Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso {=Convolvulus turpethum L.;

Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R. Br.; Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah &
Bhat). H: Nishoth. S: Syama-Trivrit. Tam: Karum-Sivadai. Kumbham.
Tibbi: Turbud. Stout climbers. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari , South Arcot, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i ,
Tirunelveli. A & S: Roots. U: Root bark. H: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 2879, 11970, 13709, 13772, 21364, 29699. DSB 1835.
Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy (=Convolvulus

hypocrateriformis Desr.). S: Phanji. Tam: Budhikirai. Climbing
herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. S: Roots, whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 95. RHT 499, 2822. 19310, 20212.
130
Rivea o r n a t a (Roxb.) i=Lettsomia ornata R o x b . ) . S: P h a n j i . Tam;
M u c h u t t a i . C l i m b i n g s h r u b s . D i s t r i b : C o i m b a t o r e , N i l g i r i . S;
R o o t s , whole p l a n t . Exsicc. unavailable.
SOLANACEAE
Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht & Presl
(=Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.). Eng: Angels'
Trumpets. Shrubs. H: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7993, 4119, 7852.
Blasco s.n. (HIFP).
Capsicum annuum L. (=C. frutescens sensu Clarke). Tam:

Oosimilagai. Herbs with several cultivated varieties. A, S & H:
Fruits. Exsicc. exam: Giri Vibish Rao s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3191, 5354.
RHT 7235.
Capsicum frutescens L. (=C. fastigiatum Blume; C. minimum Clarke).

H: Mirchi. Tam: Milagaai. Herbs, cultivated. S: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3921, 5594, 5595. RHT 14310, 17221, 26149.
Datura arborea L. Shrubs, cultivated. H: Flowers. Exsicc. exam:

RHT 2996. Thanikaimoni 70 (HIFP). DSB 2957-A, 4320.
Datura innoxia Mill. (=D. metel auct. non Linn.). S: Dhattura.

Tam: Oomaththai. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S:
Whole plant. U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2687, 5489. RHT 14247,
18706, 11042, 30006.
Datura metel L. (=Z?. fastuosa L.; D. fastuosa L. var. alba (Nees)

Clarke; D. alba Nees). S & Tibbi: Dhathura (Siyah). Tam:
Karuoomaththai. Herbs or undershrubs. A, S, H: Whole plant. U:
Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2994, 3772, 7458, 22172, 17004, 11179.
Legris s.n. (HIFP). Blasco s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3644, 4643, 4842,
5718.
Datura sanguinea Ruiz & Pavon Shrubs, cultivated. H: Flowers,

fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4347, 5218
Datura stramonium L. 8 & Tibbi: Dhathura. Tam: Seemai-oomaththai.

Herbs or undershrubs. A & S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 13809.
DSB 4393, 5591,5592.
131
Hyoscyamus niger L, Eng: Henbane. S: Paraseekayavani. T: Korasani-
Omum. Herbs, cultivated. A, S, U & H: Seeds. A: Leaves. Exsicc.
unavai1ab1e.
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (=L. lycopersicon (L.) Karsten;

Solanum lycopersicum L.). Eng: Tomato. S: Raktamaci. H: Tamatar.
Tarn: Thakkaali. Annuals, extensively cultivated. A: Fruits. H:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 819, 5605. RHT 2968, 3775, 16701,
21566.
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Herbs, introduced. A: Stem, leaves.

H & U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 13642, 17242, 22262, 29968.
Nicotiana tabaccum L. Eng: Tobacco. H: Tambakkum. Tarn: Puhaielai.

Herbs, cultivated. A, S & H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2999,
1424, 16146. DSB 3919, 5655, 5656.
Physalis minima L. (=P. minima L. var. indica Clarke; P. pubescens

sensu Wight). S: Citrapotha. Mridukuncika.Tam: Sodakku-thakkali.
Thol-thakkali. Sub shrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A & H:
Fruits, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n. (HIFP).
Balasubramanian 176 (HIFP). DSB 3085, 4443, 5357. RHT 11941,
14488, 13802, 20156, 21225.
Solanum anguivi Lam. var. anguivi (=S. indicum auct. non L . ) . H:

Kataye. S: Brihati. Simhi. Tam: Bhuthirichundai. Mullkathiri.
Pappara/Kari-Mulli. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4305, 4380. RHT 1903, 5050, 7869, 10380,
16314, 24773.
Solanum melongena L. var. melongena Eng:Brinjal.S:Varttaki. Tam:

Kaththiri. Subshrubs, cultivated. A: Roots, fruits, stem and
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3170, 5367. RHT 17211, 29498, 30239.
Solanum melongena L. var. insanum (=S. insanum L.; S. coagulans

Forssk.). Subshrub. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Roots,
fruits, stem, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5251,5252.
Solanum nigrum L. (=S. rubrum Mill, non Linn.). H: Makoi. Tibbi:

Inab-us-Salab (Makhoi). S: Kaakamaachi. Tam: Manathakaali.
Sukkattikeerai. Herbs, cultivated. Distrib: All districts. A, S &
U: Whole plant, fruits. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Blasco s.n.
132
(HIFP), Legris s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3412, 5239, 5610. RHT 25, 398,
1022, 13312, 13811, 17002.
Solanum pseudo-capsicum L. Shrubs, introduced. H: Fruits. Exsicc.

exam: RHT 8013. Pascal 404 (HIFP). DSB 3996.
Solanum surattense Burm.f. (=S. xanthocarpum Schrade & Wendl.; S.

jacQuini Willd.). Eng: Jacquin's Night-shade. H: Chittikateri. S:
Kandakari. Tibbi: Katai . Tam: Kandankathiri . Herb or
undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Whole plant,
roots, fruits. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Meher Homji s.n.
(HIFP), Blasco s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3177. RHT 6392, 12022, 14203,
14703.
Solanum torvum Sw. Tam: Sundaikkai. Shrubs, cultivated. Distrib:

Almost all districts. A: Roots. S: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 144.
RHT 3567, 5058, 5504, 5462. 1932, 14333, 16726, 17207, 18074.
Solanum trilobatum L. S: Alarka. Tam: Dhoodhuvaelai. Undershrib.

Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Whole plant, flowers. S:
Leaves, fruits, flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3457. RHT 2953, 8323,
6149, 17881, 20553, 25024.
Solanum tuberosum L. Eng: Potato. S: Golakandah. Tam:
Urulaikizhangu. Herbs, cultivated. H: Tubers, whole plant,
diseased tubers. S: Tubers, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 40067,
53054.
Solanum viarum Dunal ( = S. khasianaum Clarke var. chatterjeeanum

Sen Gupta). Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Salem.
Other: Fruits and leaves . Exsicc. exam: RHT 13431, 15689, 23382.
Solanum laclniatum Dunal Subshrubs, cultivated. Other: Fruits and

leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal H, 8 & Tibbi: As(wa)gandh(ah). Tam:

Amukkilaan. Undershrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri, Ni1giri,Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i,
Tirunelveli. A: Leaves. A, S, U & H: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3456, 4934, 5346. RHT 20333, 24018, 29976.
133
SCHOPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa monnierl (L.) Pennell (=Lysimachia monnieri L.; Moniera

cuneifolia Michaux; Herpestis monniera (L.) HBK; Gratiola monniera
(L.) L.)- H: Chotibrahmi. S: Brahmi. Saraswati. Tarn: Nirbrahmi.
Pi ramivazhukkai. Herbs. A, S & H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB
1386. RHT 2774, 17376, 19289, 16302, 22576, 23065.
Digitalis purpurea L. Eng: Foxglove. Herbs, cultivated. A & H:

Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 8022, 8025. Legris s.n. (HIFP). Blasco
s.n. (HIFP). DSB 5031, 5272, 5470, 5471.
Digitalis lanata L. Herbs, cultivated. Other: Leaves harvested for

extraction of cardiac glycosides (Lanatosides) . Exsicc.
unavailable.
Lifflnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. {=Ambu1ia aromatica Lam.;

Limnophila gratisslma Blume) S: Amragandah. Aromatic herbs.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Pudukkottai,
Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
Limnophila indica (L.) Druce (=Hottonia indica L. ; Limnophila

grattioloides R.Br.; L. racemosa Benth.). Herbs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A:Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 10714, 12273,
15336. 13874. 20349. 27001.
Scoparia dulcis L. Tarn: Sarakkothini. Herbs. A: Leaves, roots,

whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3588, 4895, 5362. RHT 1066,
5928, 13850. 18099, 21293.
Verbascum thapsus L. Eng: Hag-taper. Herbs or undershrubs. H:

Flowers, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 8029. DSB 4125.
BIGNONIACEAE
Dolichandrone falcata (Wall, ex DC.) Seem. {^Spathodea falcata

Wall, ex DC.). S & H: Rishabhaka. Tam: Kaattuvarsana. Kaddalatti.
Kaliyacca. Trees. A: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3897. RHT 2559,
10530, 14135, 22305. 25555.
134
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth ex Kurz (=Bignonia indica L.;
Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume). S: Syonaka. Tuntukah. Tarn: Achi.
Peruvaagai. Paalaiudhaichchi . Paiaaralanthai . Trees. Distrib:
Coimbatore. A & S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: MH 78337.
Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Tarn: Kaatumalli. Maramal1i. Trees.

Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3652. RHT 4863, 15719.
Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC. (=Bignonia chelonoides L.f.;

Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) D C ; Bignonia suaveolens Roxb.).
Tam: Ambuvagi. Padiri. Poompadiri. Trees. Distrib: Salem. A:
Roots, leaves, flowers, fruits. Exsicc. unavailable.
Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillw.) Mabberley {=Bignonia

colais Buch.-Ham. ex Dillw.; Stereospermum tetragonum DC; S.
chelonoides sensu Wight; S. personatum (Hassk.) Chatterjee;
Dipterosperma personatum Hassk.). S: Patala. Tam: Poom/Velapadiri.
Ambu. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari,
Madurai, Nilgiri, North Arcot, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli. A:
Roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5339.
RHT 13897, 14839, 15581, 20404, 23201, 24052.
PEDALIACEAE
Pedalium murex L. H: Badagokhru. S: Gaja/Sthula-goksura. Tibbi:

Khar-e-Khasala. Kalan. Tam: Perunerunji. Aanainerunchi1. Succulent
herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A, S & U: Fruits. A: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3174, 5478. RHT 6384, 13964, 15705,
19262. 19697.
Sesamum indicum L. H & S: Til(ah). Tibbi: Raughan-e-Kunjad. Tam:

Yellu. Erect herbs, cultivated. A, S & U: Seeds, oil. S: Roots,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3179. RHT 10848, 15707, 17384, 29829.
MARTYNIACEAE
Martynia annua L. (=M. diandra Gloxin). Herbs. Distrib: Almost

all districts. A: Whole plants, roots, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5415. RHT 10899, 19161, 14404, 18079, 23993.
135
ACANTHACEAE
Acanthus ilicifolius L. (=011ivaria ilicifolia (L.) Juss.)* Tarn:

Attu/Kaludai/Kol i-mul 1 i . Shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, South
Arcot, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Roots, stem, leaves. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 11342, 21176, 22726, 23742, 28189.
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall, ex Nees (=Justicia

paniculata Burm.f.). H: Chirata. Kalmegh. S: Bhoonimba.
Kiratatiktah. Tam: Nilavembu. Siriyanangai. Herbs. Distrib:
Almost all districts in lower elevations. A, S, U & H: Whole
plant. S: Roots, Exsicc. exam; DBS 3473, 4457. Dabholkar s.n,,
Vasanthy (HIFP). RHT 1215, 3305, 11322, 30372.
Asystasia gangetica L. Tam: Si 1anthinayagam. Herbs. Distrib:

Almost all districts. S: Leaves, buds, flowers, whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 5664, 11829, 14004, 19981, 22424.
Barleria cristata L. Tam: Mulkanagambaram. Kaatukanagambaram.

Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all plains districts. A: Roots.
Exsicc.exam: DSB 5548. RHT 6256, 7116, 18017, 20555, 22189.
Barleria prionitis L. H: Katsaraya. S: Sahachara. Tam:

Kodippachalai. Kovindam. Shemmuli. Armed shrubs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A & S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2661. RHT 15677,
19821, 11360, 21228, 25532, 25935.
Barleria strigosa Willd. Tam: Nilambaram. Shrubs. Distrib:

Madurai. A: Roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth {=Acanthus

maderaspatens is L.; Blepharis boerhavifoT ia Pers.). Undershrubs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. S: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 5328, 10457, 19487, 20599, 20210, 21788.
Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth (=Acanthus repens Vahl; Blepharis

monuginifolia Pers.). Prostrate herbs. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 5994, 19251, 19716,
20043, 21301.
Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees (=Ruenia patula Jacq.) Tam:

Kranthinayagam. Herbs. S: Leaves. Distrib: In most of the
districts. Exsicc. exam: RHT 19130, 20594.
136
Ecbo11um viride (Forssk.) Alston ( = Ecbolium T inneanum Kurz;
Justicia viridis Forssk.; J. ecboJium L.)- S: NiTasahachara. Tarn:
Nilambari. Shrubs. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Roots.
Exsicc. exam: D8B 3080, 5509. RHT 7260, 11828, 26155, 14192,
17630, 28161.
Gendarussa vulgaris Nees {=Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.). S:

Vataghni. Tarn: Karunochi. Vadakuththi. Undershrubs, cultivated.
A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5601. RHT 9509, 12859, 17893,
17976, 17999, 21259, 21529.
Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine i=Bar1eria auriculata Schum.;

Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees; Barleria longi folia L. non
Hygrophila longifolia Nees; Hygrophila spinosa T. A n d . ) . H &
Tibbi: Talmakhana. S: Iksurah. Kokilaaksha. Tarn: Neermulli,
Vayalchulli. Herbs. Distrib: All low-lying districts. A & S: Whole
plant, seeds, roots. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Thanikaimoni
1536; Legris S.n. (HIFP). DSB 3648. RHT 11763, 12678, 20272,
24851, 26619.
Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreemadh. [=Justicia echioides L. ;

Andrographis echioides (1.) Nees) Tam: Gopuranthaangi. Herbs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: MH
50671, 52851.
Justicia adhatoda L. {=Adhatoda zeylanica Medic; A. vasica Nees).

H & Tibbi: Arusa. 8: Vasa(ka). Tam: Aadathodai. Shrubs. A & S:
Leaves, bark, root. U & H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: Blasco 2337,
(HIFP). DSB 3474, 4576, 5407, 5607. RHT 4381, 11988, 13160,
14001, 17998.
Justicia betonica L. S: Svetasahachara. Tam: Velimungil. Shrubs.

Distrib: In all districts. A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
8033, 11332, 13992, 26622.
Justicia beddomei (Clarke) Bennet {=Adhatoda beddomei Clarke;

Justicia glngiana Sebastine & Ramam.) S: Vasa. Tam:
Chittaadalodagam. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
137
Justicia tranquebariensis L.f. { = Gendarussa tranquebariensis
(L.f.) Nees) Tarn: Thavasimurungai. Undershrubs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. S: Leaves, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 10402,
15811, 14262, 18123.
Nllgirianthus ciliatus (Nees) Bremek. (= Strobilanthes ciliatus

Nees) S: Sahacharah. Sairyakah. Tam: Chinnakurinji . Shrubs.
Distrib: Nilgiri, Tirunelveli. A: Roots, leaves, bark. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummit {=Dianthera paniculata

Forssk.; Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees; Dianthera
bicalyculata Retz.). Herbs. Distrib: In most of the districts. A:
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4286. RHT 6129, 5889, 14082,
12254, 20298.
Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz var. nasutus (= Justicia nasuta L.;

Rhinacanthus communis Nees) S: Yulthikaparni. Tam: Naagamal1i.
Shrubs. Distrib: In most of the districts. A: Whole plants.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 10109, 20524, 21511, 22242, 25937, 27027.
Rostel lularia diffusa (Willd.) Nees var. diffusa {=^Justicia

diffusa Willd.). Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole
plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3336, 3715, 17031, 21027, 22205.
Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees (=Justicia procumbens Linn.

Tam: Ottupillu. Poom-pillu. Palkodi. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Whole plant,
roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 23322, 24627, 25212, 28495, 28979.
VERBENACEAE
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (=Volkameria inermis L.). H:

Lanjai. S: Putigandha. Tam: Sangam. Peenari. Shrubs. Distrib: In
most of the districts. A & S: Roots. S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam:
1374, 6380, 11989, 18053, 21210.
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze (=C. siphonanthus R. Br.). S:

Bharangi. Tam: Kavalai. Shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Thanjavur. A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
138
derodendrum phlomides L.f. H: Arni. S: Laghuagnimantha. Vatagni.
Tarn: Taluddai. Thazhudhaazhai. Shrubs. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Dhartnapuri , Kanniyakumari , Ramanathapuram, Salem,
South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. S: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
12046, 14192, 21138, 23009, 28138.
Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (=Volkameria serrata Linn.). H &

Tibbi: Bharangi. Kharasakah. Tarn: Siruthaeku. Shrubs. Distrib:
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Nilgiris, North &
South Arcot, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tirunelveli. A: Roots, leaves.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4774. RHT 3077, 5132, 7707, 14749, 16113, 21011,
22335.
Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. (=C. infortunatum auct. non L . ) .

S:Bhandirah. Grantiparna. Tam: Perungilai. Shrubs or small trees.
Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, M a d u r a i , Nilgiri,
Ramanathapuram, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Leaves. H: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3433, 10459, 22676. Govindarajulu 145,
6629 (PCM). Blasco s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4879.
Gmelina arborea Roxb. S: Gambhari. Kasmari. Tam: Perumkumizham.

Large shrubs or moderate sized trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tirunelveli,
Dharmapuri, Tiruchirapal 1 i. A & S: Roots. A: Whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 4623, 7847, 12387, 17133, 27129.
Gmelina asiatica L. S: Kasmari. Tam: Nilakkumil. Mulkumizh.

Shrubs. A & S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3631. RHT 6306, 8086,
15544, 16940, 18040, 22539.
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Molina S: Katturangi. Vanachedi.

Tam: Arisimalar. Unni. Armed shrubs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1437, 6263, 6681,
11173, 14136.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene ( = Verbena nodi flora L. ; Lippia

nodiflora (L.) A. Rich.) S: Jalapippali. Toyavallari. Tam:
Poduthalai . H & Tibbi: Bukan-buti . Prostrate herbs. Distrib: In
all districts. A & S: Whole plant. S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5521. RHT 11303, 17065, 17829, 18041, 24497.
139
Premna corymbosa Rottl. (= P. cordi folia Wight; Cornutia
corymbosa Burm.f.) S: Agnimantah. Tarn: Munnai. Seeithalai. Shrubs.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, North Arcot, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram,
South Arcot, Tiruchirapa]li. A: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
14123, 15874, 20208, 20231, 25549.
Premna serratifolia L. (=P. integrifolia L . ) . S: Agnimantha. Tarn:

Munnai. Small trees. Distrib: In almost all districts. A: Roots.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 4298, 17950, 18036, 18049, 21202, 27344.
Tectona grandis L.f. Eng: Teak. 8: (Bhumi)-Sakhah. Tarn: Thaekku.

Thanagamaram. Trees.A: Heartwood. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3041. RHT
3403. 4090, 14138, 16111.
Vitex leucoxyTon L.f. i=Wa17rothia JeucoxyJon (L.f.) Roth). Tarn:

Nirnochi. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri , Madurai,
Nilgiri, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Leaves, stem bark, roots.
S: Leaves, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 11826, 20622, 21818,
24276.
Vitex negundo L. H & T i b b i : Shambalu. S: Nirgundi. Tarn:

Nallanochchi. Vennochchi. Nirkundi. Large shrubs or small trees.
A, S & U: Leaves, oil. Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Bourne ! 3013
(PCM). Legris s.n.; Guinet s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3175, 5021, 5358,
5458, 5413. RHT 1258, 4355, 7919, 13948, 11191.
Vitex peduncularis Wall, ex Schauer Trees. Distrib: Dharmapuri,

Nilgiri, Pudukkottai, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Roots, leaves, flowers,
fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3425, 16011, 24312, 29219.
Vitex trifolia L. S: Sinduvarah. Sephalikah. Tam: Sirunochchi.

Bushy shrubs or small trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
South Arcot. A: Roots, leaves, flowers, fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB
5255, 5414. RHT 7332, 18105, 28141.
SYMPHOREMATACEAE
Symphorema polyandrum Wight Climbing shrubs. Distrib

C h e n g a l p a t t u . A: Bark, r o o t s . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
140
AVICENNIACEAE
Avicennia officinalis L. (=A. tomentosa sensu Wight). S: Tivariya,

Timir. Tarn: Upatha. Madaipattai. Trees. Distrib: South Arcot,
Thanjavur. A: Fruits, seeds, oil. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1334, 4339,
7244, 28422.
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br, ex Sims (.=Nepeta malabarica L.).

S: Vaikuntha. Mahadronah. Herbs. Distrib: In all districts. A:
Whole plant. S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2785. RHT 341, 11019,
11386, 14253, 28165.
Lavandula stoechas L. H: Dharu. Shrubs, cultivated U: Whole

Leucas aspera (Wild.) Link {=Ph1omis aspera Willd.). H: Gooma.

Thumba. S: Dronapushpi. Tarn: Thumbai. Herbs. A: Leaves, flowers,
whole plant. S & H: Whole plant. S: Leaves, flowers. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 6398, 11900, 18106, 20893, 21203.
Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng. i=Ph1omis cephalotes Roth).

Herbs. Distrib: Tirunelveli. A: Whole plant. Exsicc, unavailable.
Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) R. Br. S: Grantiparni. Herbs. A:

Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3577, 19711, 24676.
Majorana hortensis Moench (=:Origana majorana L.). Tam: Marugu.

Herbs, extensively cultivated. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3206.
Mentha arvensis L. Eng: Mint. H, S, & Tam: Podina. Herbs,

cultivated. H: Whole plant. U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 918.
Mentha piperita L. Eng: Peppermint. Herbs, cultivated. H: Whole

plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1539, 5324-A.
Oclmum amerlcanum L. {Ô. canum Sims). S: Vanabharika.

Aranyatulsi. Tam: Ganjamkorai. Naaitulasi. Herbs. A & H: Whole
plant. S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 14182. DSB 3172, 4758, 5309,
5451, 5452, 5684, 5685.
141
Ocimum basilicum L. var. basilicum S: Arjakah. Barbari.
Krishna/Sitar-jakah. Tarn: Thiruneetrupatchai. Karpoorathulasi.
Herbs, cultivated. A, S & H: Whole plant. S: Seeds. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 18096. Marlange & Meher-Homji s.n. Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP)
DSB 4840.
Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Bentham Tarn: Karunthulasi.

Slender herbs, cultivated. A & S: Leaves, whole plant. S: Seeds.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3112.RHT 9117, 18096, 29033.
Ocimum gratissimum L. H: Banjari. S: Vanatulasi. Tarn:

Elumichanthulasi . Perumtulasi. Shrub. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. U:
Seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4533, 4651. RHT 3471, 7925, 10584, 25930,
29570.
Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (=0. sanctum L.). Eng: Sacred Basil. H, S &

Tibbi: Thulasi. S: Surasah. Tibbi: Raihun. Tarn: NaTlathulasi.
Undershrubs, cultivated, also run wild. A, H & S: Whole plant. U &
S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3474, 14181, 14183, 19677. Meher-
Homji s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3121.
Origanum vulgare L. Aromatic herbs, cultivated. A: Whole

plant, roots. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. unavailable.
Orthosiphon pallidus Benth. Undershrub, Distrib: Chengalpattu,

Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Thanjavur, Salem, South Arcot,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2532.
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleensen (= Ocimum thymiflorum

Roth; Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth.; O. glabratus Benth.; O.
diffusus (Benth.) Benth.; Ocimum diffusum Benth.) Herbs. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5443,
5444. RHT 3484, 9751, 10838, 15130, 15704, 17987.
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (=Coleus amboinicus Lour.;

C. aromaticus Benth.). S & Tam: Karpooraval1i. S: Sugandhavalakam.
Herbs, cultivated. A & S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3501, 15703,
18082. DSB 230.
142
Plectranthus barbatus Andr. (=CoTeus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.;
PJectranthus forskohlii Willd.; Coleus barbatus (Andr.) Benth.).
Perennial herbs, cultivated. A: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam:
Pascal 200, 265. Gupta s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4802. RHT 3640, 4215,
8203, 16664. 25331 .
Plectranthus vettiveroides (Jacob) Singh & Sharma i=Co1eus

vettiveroides Jacob). S: Valakam. Hriberam. Tarn: Kuruver.
Vettiver. Succulent herbs, cultivated. A: Leaves, roots, whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: MH 53589 (KR). Note: The Tamil name is
applicable to Vetiveria zizanioides(L.) Nash also.
Prunella vulgaris L. var. vulgaris Herbs. Distrib: Madurai,

Nigliri. A: Leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. Eng: Rosemary. Perennial woody herbs,

cultivated. H: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 8065, 8066. DSB 3406.
Salvia officinalis L. Eng: Sage. Undershrubs, cultivated. H:

Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3524, 8070. DSB 4555, 5268.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago ovata Forssk. Eng: Psyllium. H: Isapghol.S:

Snighdhabijha/jirakhah. A c a u l e s c e n t h e r b s . A: S e e d s , h u s k . O t h e r :
The husk is incorporated in laxative/bowel regulatory
preparations. Exsicc. unavailable.
NYCTAGINACEAE
Commicarpus c h i n e n s l s ( L . ) H e i m e r l . Boerhavia chinensis ( L . ) Asch.

& Schweinf. {-Valeriana chinensis L . ; Boerhavia repanda Willd.).
Herbs. D i s t r i b : I n a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t , r o o t s . E x s i c c .
exam: DSB 3 0 7 4 , 5 0 6 8 . RHT 1 1 4 4 , 1 1 0 0 2 , 1 1 8 5 5 , 1 1 0 0 2 , 2 1 0 5 9 .
B o e r h a v i a d i f f u s a L. (=B. repens L. ; B. procumbens B a n k s ex

Roxb.). Prostrate herbs. Eng: Spreading-Hogweed. S:
Rakthapunarnava. Sophagni. H: Biskhafra. Tarn: Mookarattai.
D i s t r i b : I n a l l d i s t r i c t s . A & H: Whole p l a n t . S: R o o t s , l e a v e s .
E x s i c c . exam: P a s c a l 2 1 ; T h a n i k a i m o n i 1535 ( H I F P ) . DSB 4 2 8 2 , 5 3 6 9 .
RHT 8 1 1 2 , 6 6 9 7 , 1 5 8 4 3 , 1 6 7 7 6 , 1 8 0 6 5 .
143
Boerhavia erecta L. {=B.punarnava Saha & Krishnam.). Herbs.
Distrib: Coimbatore, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole plant,
roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2796, 5436, 5665, 5666. RHT 25020,
29496, 30002.
Boerhavia helenae Schultes (=S. stellata Wight; B. verticiITata

sensu Hook.f.). Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, South
Arcot. A: Whole plant, roots. Exsicc. exam: Meher Homji s.n.
(HIFP).
Mirabilis jalapa L.Eng: Four-o'clock plant. S: Trisondhi. Tam:

Pattarashu. Andhimandharai. Herbs, cultivated and run wild. A:
Leaves, roots, tubers. H: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3599, 17530.
Fyson! s.n. (PCM). DSB 291, 5114, 5302, 5579, 5580. RHT 2021,
13581, 15426, 15999, 30232.
Pisonia aculeata L. Tam: Karindu. Murukkalli. Muruvi11ikkodi.

Thorny climbing shrub. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Leaves,
bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1839. RHT 2508, 6570, 6091, 12900, 15700,
21402.
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera L. Eng: Prickly-chaff. H & Tibbi: Chirchira. H:

Latjira. S: Apamarga. Tam: Naayuruvi. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A, S, U & H: Whole plant. S: Leaves, seeds. U: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: Legris s.n.; Thanikaimoni 217 (HIFP). DSB 4284,
4925, 5298. 5450. RHT 7474, 1087, 12829.
Achyranthes bidentata 81. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai,

Nilgiri, Tirunelveli, Dharmapuri, South Arcot. A: Whole plant,
seeds. S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 11166, 18385, 24561,
25268.
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schultes (=Achyranthes Janata L.). H:

Gorakh-ganj/bhuti. S: Pashanabheda.Bhadra. Tam: Sirupeelai.
Undershrubs. A: Whole plant, roots. S: Roots, whole plant. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 4813. RHT 1031, 3666, 6223, 14228, 18068.
144
Al t e r n a n t h e r a s e s s i U s ( L . ) R.Br, ex DC. (=Gomphrena sessilis L. ;
ATternanthera triandra L a m . ) . S: M i n a k s h i . Matsyakshi . P a t t r a h .
Tarn: P o n n a n g a n n i . K o d u p a i . P r o s t r a t e h e r b s . D i s t r i b : All
d i s t r i c t s . A: Leaves, stem, whole p l a n t . S: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c .
e x a m : DSB 4 5 6 3 . 5203. 5711. RHT 10340. 11122, 14282, 14529, 20510,
25272.
Amaranthus caudatus L. Herbs, c u l t i v a t e d ; sometimes run w i l d . A:

Whole p l a n t , seeds. E x s i c c . exam: RHT 10818, 20645.
Amaranthus spinosus L. H: Katemat. K a t a l i c h u l a i . S: T a n d u l i a .

M a r i s h . Tam: M u l l k e e r a i . T i b b i : B u q l a - e - y a m a n i . Armed h e r b s .
D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB
3548, 5312. RHT 1193, 2858, 8150, 11167, 14240.
Amaranthus t r i c o l o r L. (=A. mangostanus L.; A. gangeticus L. i n c l .

var. tristis; A. oleraceus B u r m . f . non L . ; H: L a l s a n g . S:
T a n d u l i y a . ) . Herbs, c u l t i v a t e d . D i s t r i b : C h e n g a l p a t t u , N i l g i r i ,
Ramanathapuram, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: DSB
3673, 5 6 1 1 , 5612. RHT 14224.
C e l o s i a argentea L. Eng: Q u a i l - g r a s s . 8: V i t u n n a . H: Sufaidmurga.

Tam: K o z h i k k o n d a i . Herbs, c u l t i v a t e d . A: Seeds. E x s i c c . exam: DSB
4702, 5187, 5683. 5198, 14253, 20642, 2 2 2 7 1 , 29804.
Ce1os1a c r i s t a t a L. Eng: Cock's-comb. Commonly c u l t i v a t e d a n n u a l .

A: Seeds, f l o w e r s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3638, 4653. RHT 17523.
Cyathula p r o s t r a t a (L.) Blume {=Achyranthes prostrata L.;

Desmochaeta prostrata (L.) D C . ) S: R a k t a p a m a r g a h . Tam:
Sivappunayuruvi. Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
N i l g i r i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: R o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 5597.
Digera muricata ( L . ) M a r t . {=Achyranthes muricata Linn.; Digera

arvensis F o r s s k . ; Desmochaeta muricata ( L . ) D C ) . Herbs. Tam:
Thoyyakkeerai . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t . S:
Leaves. E x s i c c . exam: DSB 4 9 2 1 . RHT 1414, 8350, 9183, 14260,
19607, 25411.
Pupal l a lappacea ( L . ) J u s s . (=Achyranthes lappacea L.; Pupalia

atropurpurea Lam.; Achyranthes atropurpurea Lam.; Desmostachya
atropurpurea (Lam.) DC). Tam: A a d a i - o t t i . Straggling
145
undershrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:Leaves, roots,
Exsicc. exam: RHT 5821, 10511, 16607, 19041, 25158.
CHENOPODIACEAE
Beta vulgaris L. S: Palakya. Tam: Senjeerai Herbs, cultivated. A;

Taproot, leaves, seeds. Exsicc. unavailable
B a s e l l a a l b a L. v a r . r u b r a ( L . ) J . L . S t e w a r t (=B. rubra L . ) . Eng:

Indian-spinach. H: Poi. S: Potaki. Upodika. Tam:
S h i v a p p u b a s a l a i k k e e r a i . S u c c u l e n t , c l i m b i n g h e r b , c u l t i v a t e d . A:
Whole p l a n t , s t e m , l e a v e s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 5 0 6 0 , 5 5 0 7 .
Chenopodium a m b r o s i o i d e s L. Eng: American wormwood. S:

Swetachilli. Aromatic herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai,
N i l g i r i , N o r t h A r c o t , Salem, T i r u c h 1 r a p a l 1 1 . A: Whole p l a n t .
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 3 3 4 0 , 5 3 6 3 , 5 6 0 8 . RHT 7 6 5 5 , 1 2 6 3 1 , 1 6 4 5 6 , 1 6 7 2 3 ,
22575.
C h e n o p o d i u m m u r a l e L. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai,

Nilgiri, North Arcot, Salem. A: Seeds, leaves. Exsicc.
unavai Table.
Chenopodium a l b u m L. E n g : W h i t e g o o s e - f o o t . L a m b ' s - q u a r t e r s . Tam:

C h a k r a v a r t i / P a r u p p u - k e e r a i . S: V a s t u k a . H: B a d u v a . Barabothura.
Herbs cultivated. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai,
N i l g i r i , S o u t h A r c o t . A: S e e d s , l e a v e s . U: S e e d s . Exsicc. exam:
DSB 3 2 1 7 , 5 3 8 2 .
S p i n a c i a o l e r a c e a L. E n g : S p i n a c h . H: P a l a k . S: P a l a n k y a . Tam:
V o o s i e l a i k e e r a i . H e r b s . A: Whole p l a n t , s e e d s . U: S e e d s . E x s i c c .
unavai Table.
POLYQONACEAE
F a g o p y r u m e s c u l e n t u m M o e n c h (=Polygonum fagopyrum L.). Eng;

B u c k w h e a t . H: P h a r p h a r . Tam: P a a p p a r a i . H e r b s , c u l t i v a t e d . H;
Whole p l a n t , s e e d s . E x s i c c . exam: T h a n i k a i m o n i 72 ( H I F P ) .
146
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisner)Gross {^Polygonum punctatum Buch-
Ham.). Herbs. Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem. H: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 3721, 10604. Fyson! s.n. (PCM). Pascal 105, 243.
(HIFP). DSB 8863, 4599, 5626. RHT 4979, 10019.
Polygonum hydropiper L. var. hydropi per Eng: Water pepper.

Pepperwort. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri,
Tiruchirapal1i, H: Whole plant, Exsicc. exam: DSB 4406, 5313.
Polygonum hydropiper L. var. flaccidum Steward. Herbs. Distrib:

Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal1i. H: Whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 3719, 10581. DSB 3446.
Rumex acetosella L. Introduced herbs, run wild. Distrib: Madurai,

Nilgiri. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB Fyson! s.n., 920. TNV
786 (PCM). DSB 734, 5280, 5353.
Rumex maritimus L. Eng: Golden-Dock. S: Kunanjara. Herbs. A:

Seeds, leaves. Exsicc. unavailable.
Rumex vesicarius L. Eng: Bladder-Dock. S: Chukra. H: Chuka. Tam;

Shakankeerai. Annual herbs, cultivated. A: Leaves, seeds. Exsicc.
unavailable.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
A r i s t o l o c h i a b r a c t e o l a t a Lam. (=A. bracteata R e t z . ) . H: K i r a m a r .

S: D h u m r a p a t r a . K i t a m a r i . Tam: A d u t h i n n a a / A d u t h e e n d a - p a a l a i .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b s . D i s t r i b : Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s i n p l a i n s . A: Whole
p l a n t , l e a v e s , r o o t s . S: Whole p l a n t , l e a v e s , r o o t s , s e e d s .
E x s i c c . exam: DSB 537. RHT 1 0 2 1 , 6169, 14312, 17711, 17833.
A r i s t o l o c h i a i n d i c a L. (=A. lanceolata W i g h t ) . H: I s h e r m u l . S:
P a t a . Tam: A d a g a m . I s u r a v e r . G a r a l i k a . Tam: K a r u d a k k o d i ,
Iswaramooli. T i b b i : Zarawand-taweel. Perennial t w i n e r . Distrib:
Almost a l l d i s t r i c t s . A: Leaves, r o o t s , f r u i t s . S: R o o t s . E x s i c c .
exam: DSB 4 0 1 . RHT 7277, 10106, 16106, 19554, 25107.
147
PIPERACEAE
Piper betle L. {=Chavica betle (L.) Miq.). H & T i b b i : Paan. S:

Nagaval1ipatra. Tarn: Tamboolam. Vetrilai. P e r e n n i a l climbers,
cultivated. A: Fruits, roots, fresh leaves. S: Leaves, p e t i o l e s .
U: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 19985.
P i p e r longum L. {=Chavica roxburghii M i q . ) . H: P i p p a l a . S:

Magadhi. Pippali. Tibbi: Fi1fi1-e-Daraz. Tarn: Tippili.
Arisithippi 1 i . Climber; cultivated occasionally. Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u . C o i m b a t o r e . M a d u r a i . A: F r u i t s , r o o t s . S: F r u i t i n g
i n f l o r e s c e n s e , r o o t s . U: F r u i t s . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (=P. brachystachyum W a l l , ex

H o o k . f . ) S: Chavyah. Tarn: K a a t u m i l a g u . Woody c l i r t i b e r s . D i s t r i b :
Coimbatore, Madurai, N i l g i r i s , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: R o o t s . Exsicc.
unavailable.
Piper nigrum L. Eng: B l a c k - p e p p e r . H: K a l a m i r c h . S: M a r i c h a . Tarn:

K u r u m i l a g u . Aguttam. Irambivam. C l i m b i n g s h r u b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A, S,
U & H: F r u i t s . S: R o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: DSB 5 0 8 0 , 5 3 7 6 , 5 5 3 2 .
Thanikaimoni 494 ( H I F P ) ,
MYRISTACEAE
M y r i s t i c a fragrans H o u t t . Eng: Nutmeg & Mace. H: J a i p h a l . J a p a t r i

S: J a t i p a t r i . J a t i p h a l . Tam: J a a d h i k k a i . J a a d h i p a t r i . T i b b i ;
B i s b a s a . T r e e s , c u l t i v a t e d . A: A r i l , seeds, k e r n e l . S, U & H;
Seeds, aril. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3784, 12231, 17458.
Shankaranarayanan s . n . ( H I F P ) . DSB 3194, 4354, 5320.
LAURACEAE
Cassytha filiformis L. Eng: Dodder. S: Akashaval1i. H: Akasabel,

Tam: Erumaikkottan. Twining parasite on various angiosperms,
Distrib: Almost all districts. A & U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam;
RHT 17447. 19298, 18121, 22716. 29269.
148
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (=Laurus camphora L.). Eng:Camphor.
H & S: Karpur(a). Tarn: Indukarpooram. Soodam. Tibbi: Kafoor.
Trees, occasionally cultivated. A: Leaves, wood, camphor oil. H:
Oil, camphor. U: Camphor, borneol. S: Natural camphor. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 17456. Bourne! s.n. (PCM). Thanikaimoni 115 (HIFP). DSB
3024, 4487. RHT 18953, 19103, 28618.
Cinnamomum verum Presl (=C. zeylanicum Blume). Eng: Cinnamon. H:

Dalchini. S: Lavanga.Tvak. Cocam. Darusita. Tam: Ilavang.
Karruwa. Trees, cultivated. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri,
Ti ruchi rapal 1 i , Tirunelveli. A, H, U & S: Bark. A, S & U: Leave,
oil. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2968, 5317. Ramesh & Francescu 61 (HIFP).
Cinnamomum wightii Meisner S: Nagakesara. Tam: Sirunagapoo. Trees.

Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri. A & S: Tender fruits,
fruiting calyx. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4052.
Laurus nobilis L. Eng: Noble-laurel. Trees, cultivated. H: Leaves.

Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. Robinson (=Sebifera glutinosa Lour.;

Litsea chinensis Lam.; L. sebifera (Willd.) Pers.; Tomex sebifera
Willd.; Tetranthera apetala Roxb.). H: Garbijaur. S: Vasa. Tam:
Pisinpattai. Muchaipeiye11i . Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Madurai, Nilgiri, North Arcot, Ramanathapuram. A: Fruits, leaves,
bark, root. U: Bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 14382, 14582, 14804, 16103,
23539.
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. (=Tetranthera monopetala Roxb.).

H: Meda. S:Gajapippali. Tam:Maidalagadi1, Muchaipeiyetti.
Pisinpattai. Evergreen bush or small tree. Distrib: Coimbatore. A:
Fruits, leaves, bark, root. U: Bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Persea americana Mill. (=P. gratissima Gaertner f.; Laurus persea

L.). Eng: Avocado. Butter-fruit. Trees, cultivated. H: Fruits.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 1980. 5642. RHT 1688, 22394.
149
LORANTHACEAE
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting var. falcata (=Loranthus

falcatus L.f.; L. longifTorus Desr.; L. longfTorus Desr. var.
faTcata (L.f.) Kurz; L. TongifTorus Desr. var. ampTexifoTia (DC.)
Thwaites; L. ampTexi foT ia D C ) . H: Banda. S: Vanda, Virkasadani.
Tarn: Plavithil. Pulluruvi. Vottu. Large parasitic shrubs on trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Bark, whole plant. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 1856. 3719. RHT 1010, 1311. 5363. 15793, 20727.
SANTALACEAE
Santalum album L. Eng: Sandal. H & S: Chandan(a). Tam: Sandanam.

Srigandham. Tibbi: Sandal-safaid. Trees. A, S, U & H: Wood, oil.
Exsicc. exam: Fyson! 5625; Bourne s.n., 2855 (PCM). Ridsdale 47;
Thanikaimoni 269 (HIFP). DSB 4316, 5374. RHT 3887, 11514, 12909.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha indica L. H: Kuppi. Tam: Kuppaimeni. S: Haritamanjari.

Herbs. A & S: Whole plant, leaves, roots. H: Whole plant.
Distrib: All districts. Exsicc. exam: Marlange & Meher-Homji s.n.;
Thanikaimoni 1257 (HIFP). DSB 3640, 3808, 5179, 5322, 5668. RHT
5777, 16768. 17871.
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (=Jatropha moTuccana L.). H &

Tibbi: Akrot (Jangli). S: Akshota. Tam: Nattuakarottu. Trees,
often planted. A: Fruits, seeds, kernels, leaves, bark. Exsicc.
exam: 5157, 13591. 19056, 28100.
Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. (=Jatropha montana

Willd.; BaT iospermum axiTTare Blume; B. poTyandrum W i g h t ) . S & H:
Danti. Tam: Neeradimuthu. Nagadhanti. Undershrubs. Distrib:
Coimbatore. A & S: Seeds, leaves, roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) Juss. {=Croton rottleri Geiseler

H: Shanaaval1i. Tam: Guruguchettu. Erect herbs or undershrubs.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Seeds, leaves, roots, bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3133. RHT 7187, 13752, 17705, 17820.
150
Cleistanthus coTlinus (Roxb.) Benth. (=C1utia collina Roxb.)- H:
Garari. Tarn: Wodaya. Nil appalai. Trees. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam:
DSB 4575. RHT 17777, 22272, 13356, 14111, 26222.
Croton bonplandianus Bai11. (=C. sparsifTorus Morong.) Tarn:

Rai1/Milagaai-poondu. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts. S:
Roots, seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3994, 5112, 11181, 11368,
11882, 14198.
Croton oblongifolius Roxb. H: Chuka. S: Naagadhanti. Tam:

Milagunari. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Nilgiri. A: Seeds,
leaves, bark, roots. S: Leaves, roots. Exsicc. unavailable.
Croton tiglium L. H: Jamalgotta. S: Danti. Jepalah. Tam:

Naervaalam. Small trees, cultivated. A & S: Seeds, roots, oil. U:
Seeds. Exsicc. unavailable.
Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurasawa {=Putranjiva roxburghii

Wall.). H & S: Putranjiva. Tam: K a r u p a l a i . Puthrajeevi.
Kaatupacheri. Shrubs or small trees. Distrib; Coimbatore, Nilgiri,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli, Dharmapuri,
South Arcot. A & S: Fruits, seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
12126, 16514, 15830, 21506, 29153.
Euphorbia antiquorum L. H: Schund . T r i d h a r a . S: Snuhi .

Vajrakantakah, Tridhara. Tam: Chadurakkal1i. Succulent trees.
Distrib: Almost all districts at lower elevations. A: Whole plant,
stem, root, bark, juice, latex. S: Latex, stem. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3606. RHT 10546, 14196. 20101, 26114, 28117.
Euphorbia barnhartii Croizat Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore,

Dharmapuri, Salem. A: Leaves, latex. Exsicc. unavailable.
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. (=E. heterophylla sensu Gamble) Tam:

Paal Perukki. Kaatuppaali. Shrubs. S: Leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
15633, 17756, 21411, 26626.
Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Herbs, sometimes cultivated. A:

Stem, leaves, latex. Exsicc. unavailable.
Euphorbia heyneana Spreng. ssp. heyneana (=E. microphylla Heyne ex

Roth). H: Kshiree. S: Rajdhan. Prostrate herbs. A: Whole plant.
151
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Salem,
Thanjavur. A & U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2801. RHT 43,
12170.
Euphorbia hirta L. (=E. pilulifera sensu Hook.f. non Linn.). H:

Doodhi. Tibbi: Dudhikhurd. S: Dugdhika. Tarn: Ammampatcharisi.
Prostrate or ascending herbs. Distrib: All districts. A: whole
plant. S: Leaves, whole plant, latex. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2799,
4133, 5677,5678.
Euphorbia hypericifol ia L. Prostrate herbs. Distrib: Almost all

districts. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 14415, 14471. Fyson!
991, 159 (PCM). Legris s.n., Thanikaimoni 1263 (HIFP). DSB 4003,
5435. RHT 14471, 15370, 20877.
Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. ( = E. neriifolia auct. non Linn.). H:

Thohar. S: Patrasnuhi. Sehunda. Tarn: Ilaikkalli. Trees. Distrib:
Coimbatore, South Arcot. A: Leaves, stem, roots, whole plant.
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Tam: Kal1i . Naga-kal1i. Trees.

Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, D h a r m a p u r i , Nilgiri,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Leaves,
latex. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7004, 14677, 16445, 22220, 29128.
Euphorbia rosea Retz. (=Chamaesyce rosea (Retz.) Webster). Tam:

Sivappusiruammanpachcharisi. Prostrate herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. S & U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 19853, 20006,
25503, 27335, 29298.
Euphorbia thymifolia L. H: Chhotidudhi, S: Laghudugdhika. Tam:

Sittrapaladai. Prostrate herbs. Distrib: All districts. A: Whole
plant, leaves, roots, seeds. U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB
2497. RHT 12137, 11938, 14430, 11404, 20931.
Euphorbia tirucalli L. H: Konpal. S: Shatala. Tam: Tirugukalli.

Large shrubs or small trees. A: Leaves, stem, roots. S: Stem.
Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3650, 5434. RHT 19889, 16820,
29414.
Homonoia riparia Lour. (=Ade1ia neriifolia Heyne ex Roth). Shrubs.

Distrib: All districts. A: Roots, leaves, fruits. Exsicc. exam:
152
DSB 5704,5705. RHT 3312, 2081, 16714, 24252.
Hura crepitans Linn. Trees. Cultivated. H: Fruits. Exsicc. exam:

Bourne! 2874; TNV 575 (PCM). Gamble! MH 15088. MH 94108.
Jatropha curcas L. Eng: Physic-nut.H: Bagbherenda. S: Dravanti.

Sthula-eranda. Tarn: Kaattu-aamanakku. Small tree or shrub,
planted. A: Seeds, leaves, twigs, stem, root-bark, oil. S: Seeds,
stem, young twigs. H: Seeds. Exsicc. exam: Shankaranarayanan s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 3605, 5715, 5714. RHT 14390, 15041, 16064, 17808.
Jatropha gossypifolia L. H: Bherenda. S: Rakta-eranda. Tam:

Adalai. Erect shrubs. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Seeds,
leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4025. RHT 5759, 25414, 29769,
57957.
MaHotus atrovirens Muell.-Arg. Shrubs or small trees. Distrib:

Coimbatore. H: Fruits, seeds. Exsicc. unavailable.
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. var. philippensis

(. = Croton philippensis Lam.; Rottlera tinctoria Roxb.). H:
Kamala.Sindur. Rohini. Tibbi: Kamilla (Qimbeel). S: Kamilla.
Tam: Kurangu-manjanaththi . Kapila. Trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts.A & H: Fruits (Red powder). Exsicc. exam:
Shankaranarayanan s.n.; Blasco 1236; Meher-Homji & Troy s.n.
(HIFP). DSB 3270, 4950, 5057, 5503. RHT 17082, 11617, 14407,
15842, 23592.
Manihot esculenta Crantz (=M. uti1issima Pohl). Eng: Cassava.

Tapioca. S: Darukandah. Tam: Maraval1i-kizhangu. Ezhilaikizhangu.
Shrubs, cultivated. A & S: Starch from root tubers. H: Skin of
tubers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2229. RHT 14400, 14409, 24796, 29830.
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (=Averrhoa acida L.; Cicca disticha

L.; Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Muell.-Arg.). Eng: Star gooseberry.
H: Harfarauri. S: Laaliphala. Tam: Aranelli. Small trees,
cultivated. A: Fruits, seeds, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 297, 5496.
RHT 11328, 24693, 29259.
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (=P. fraternus Webster; P.

niruri auct. non L . ) . S: Bhumiamlaki. Bhudhatri. H & Tibbi:
Bhuiamla. Tam: Keezhanelli. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts.
153
A, S, H & U: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Fyson! 764, 5191. Bourne
2970(PCM). Orukaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 4414, 5183, 5264, 5675,
5676. RHT 5782, 1172, 11165, 12407, 17802.
Phyllanthus emblica L. (=Emb1ica officinalis Gaertner). H, S &

Tibbi: Aamla. Aavnia. Tarn: Nel1i. Trees, occasionally planted.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Fruits, seeds, flowers, leaves,
stem & root bark, roots. S & U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3668,
3969. RHT 17591, 17135, 17775, 20655, 24344, 27133, 28036.
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. {=Kirgane1ia reticulata (Poir.)

Baill.; Anisonema muTtiflora Wight).H: Panjhali. S: Krishna-
Kamboji. H: Niruri. Tarn: Neerppullaji. Kaatukeezhanel11. Shrubs.
Distrib: All districts. A: Fruits, leaves, roots, bark. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3902, 5681, 5682. RHT 1372, 3933, 7220, 8264, 8360,
12742, 20545.
Phyllanthus urinaria L. (=P. leprocarpus Wight). H: Hazarmani. S:

Tamlaki. Tarn: Shivapukilanel1i. Herbs. Distrib; All districts. A:
Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12287, 12950, 15233, 16359,
17877.
Ricinus communis L. Eng: Palma-christi. Castor. S & H: Erandi. S:

Pancangulah. Tibbi: Bedanjeer. Tarn: (Sitt}aamanakku. Shrubs or
small trees, cultivated/run wild. A: Seeds, leaves, roots, bark,
oil from seeds. H: Seeds, oil from seeds. S: Whole plant. U:
Leaves. Exsicc. exam: Fyson! 20 (PCM). DSB 4132, 4945. RHT 2226,
11066, 16708, 24828.
Sapium sebiferum (Michaux) Roxb. (=Sti11ingia sebifera Michaux).

H: Vi1ayatishisham. S: Tayapippali. Trees. A: Seeds, leaves,
roots, bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Securinega Teucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. {=Flueggea leucopyrus

Willd.).S: Bhuriphali. Panduraphali. Tam: Mulpulathi. Pulanji.
Shrubs. Distrib: All districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3444. RHT 3960, 5892, 14393, 16416, 19014.
Tragia involucrata L. var. involucrata H: Dhamasa. Duralabha. S:

Vrishchikaali . Dhusparsa. Dhuralabah. Tam: Poonai-Kaanchori .
Chenthatti. Climbing shrub with stinging hairs. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A: Fruits, roots, leaves. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam:
4050, 14864, 16604, 17577, 29796.
154
Trewia nudiflora L. S & H: Pindara. Tam: Aaththarasu. Trees.
Distrib: Coimbatore, South Arcot, Salem, Tiruchirapal 1 i. A: Whole
plant, root. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1824. RHT 4025, 145054, 17824.
URTICACEAE
Dendrocnide sinuata (Bl.) Chew (=Urtica sinuata Blume; Laportea

crenulata Gaudich.; Urtica crenulata (Gaudich.) Roxb.). Eng:
Devil/Fever Nettle. H: Utigun. Tam: Ottapila(vu). Perunkanchori .
Shrubs or small trees with stinging hairs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli. S: Roots. Exsicc.
unavailable.
Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (=Urtica diversifolia Link;

Girardinia heterophyJla Decne; G. leschenault iana Decne; G.
zeyTanica Decne; G. heterophylla Decne var. zeylanica (Decne)
Hook.f.). Shrubs with stinging hairs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Roots.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 3946, 5092, 5576. RHT 674, 10051, 21032, 28782.
ULMACEAE
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (-Ulmus integrifolius

Roxb.). H: Papri. S: Chirabilwa. Putikaranja. Tam: Aya. Ayi1.
Tambuchi. Trees, occasionally planted. Distrib: In most of the
districts. A: Bark, leaves. S: Bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 1813. RHT
16555, 17640, 22175, 22577, 27090.
CANNABACEAE
Cannabis sativa L. Eng: Hemp. Charas. H: Bhang(i). S: Bhanga.

Tibbi: Qinnab (Bhang).Tam: Ganja. Herbs. A: Seeds, flowers,
fruits, tops of female flowering inflorescences, resin, leaves. H
& S: Dried flowering tops of female plants. Note: The following
terms are also in usage: 'Bhang', - dried leaves; 'Ganja' - dried
flowering/fruiting tops; 'Charas' - resinous exudate from leaves,
all being narcotic. Exsicc. exam: GT 1318 (HIFP). DSB 4936. RHT
14013, 21007. 21031.
155
MORACEAE
Artocarpus communis Forst. Eng: Bread-fruit. S: Ksudrapanasah.

Tarn: Seemaipala. Rottipala. Trees, cultivated. A: Fruits, latex.
Artocarpus gomezianus Wall ex Tec. ssp. zeylanicus Jarret (=A.

lakoocha auct. non Roxb.). Trees, sometimes planted. A: Fruits,
latex. Exsicc. unavailable.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (=A. integrifolia auct. non L.).

Eng: Jack. H: Katal. S: Panasa, Tam Palaa. Trees. A & S: Fruits,
latex, leaves, roots, seeds, wood. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4537, 5506.
RHT 12294, 17615, 21517, 25972.
Artocarpus lacucha Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. H: Dahua. S: Lakucha. Tam:

Irappala. Trees, cultivated. A: Seeds, bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. {=Urostigma arnottiana Miq.). S:

Kapitanah. Parisah. Tam: Kal/Kodi-arasu. Trees. Distrib: Almost
all districts. A: Bark. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4047, 14842, 16093,
16107, 23476.
Ficus benghalensis L. var. benghalensis {-Urostigma benghalensis

(L.) Gasp.). Eng: Banyan. S: Nyagrodha. Vata. H: Bod. Bor. Tibbi:
Bargad. Tam: (Per)aal. Ichchi. Trees, planted occasionally. A & S:
Seeds, leaves, bark, latex, tender end of aerial roots. H: Figs.
U: Milky latex. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3034, 3682. Blasco 2186 (HIFP).
RHT 2154, 10896, 16070, 14056, 23699.
Ficus benghalensis L. var. krishnae C D C . Trees Frui ts,

Ficus carica L. Tam: Seemaiaththi.Peraththi. Tibbi: Anjeer(a).

Trees or large shrubs. A & U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3599,
5439. RHT 3716, 8080, 15105.
Ficus heterophylla L. H: Trayamana. S: Trayanti. Tam: Kodiaththi.

Shrubs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Tiruchirapal1i,
Tirunelveli. A: Leaves, bark, fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT
4117, 29486. Note: The varieties repens Willd. & var. scabrella
Roxb. are used interchangeably.
156
Ficus hispida L.f. (=F. oppositifolia Roxb.). H: Konea-dumvar.
S: Hastha. Kakadumvarika. Malayu. Tarn: Peyaththi. Chona-aththi.
Trees or shrubs. A: Fruits, seeds, leaves. Exsicc. exam: DSB 143,
5486, 5620. RHT 2468, 3482, 15884, 12912, 14030.
Ficus microcarpa L.f. (=F. retusa auct. non Linn.; F. retusa var.
nitida auct. non Thunb.). Evergreen trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A:Fruits, bark, leaves, roots. Exsicc. exam: 16013,
21713, 20775, 24279, 27383.
Ficus racemosa L. (=F. glomerata Roxb.). H & Tibbi: Gular. S:

Udumbara. Tarn: Vel1ai-aththi. Trees. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Fruits, roots, bark, leaves, latex. S: Whole plant,
fruits. U: Fruits, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4231. RHT 6694, 2139,
4199, 19590, 14667.
Ficus religiosa L. Eng & H & S: Peepal . S: Ashvatha. Tam: Arasu.

Trees. A & S: Fruits, seeds, leaves, bark. H: Leaves. S & U: Bark.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4427, 4723, 5424. RHT 990, 12033, 14079, 14185,
18494.
Ficus talbotii King Tam: Iththi. Kaliththi. Trees, epiphytic when

young. Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri, Dharmapuri, Salem. A: Bark,
leaves, figs. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1499, 2907, 2959, 10067, 25340.
Ficus virens Ait. var. virens ,( = F. infectoria sensu Roxb.). H:

Pilkhan. S: Plaksha. Tam: Malaiichchi. Kurungatthi. Trees, planted
in avenues. Distrib: In all districts. A: Leaves, bark. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 1589, 3930. 15421, Qf22859.
Morus australis Poir. (=W. indica auct. non Linn.). S: Tuda,

Tutarn. Tam: Kambalichedi. Shrubs, cultivated. A: Roots, leaves,
fruits. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1646, 5004, 7790, 14565, 25680.
Streblus asper Lour. { = Epicarpurus oriental is Blume). H: Siora. S:

Khataruh. Patrolle. Shakota(ka). Tam: Piraayam. Pirasu. Kurripila.
Lactiferous trees. Distrib: In all districts. A: Bark, leaves,
roots, latex. S: Bark, roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2273, 4683. RHT
25, 929, 11878, 14520, 15877. 16504.
157
JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans regia L. Eng: Common/Persian/European Walnut. S & H:

Akhrot. Trees, Introduced and cultivated. A; Kernel, fruits,
leaves, bark. H: Peel of nuts. U: Kernel. Exsicc. exam: RHT 8108.
DSB 4554.
CASUARINACEAE
Casuarina littorea L. (=C equisi ti folia Forster & Forster). H;

Janglisaru. Tarn: Cha(v)uku. Sivavarsi . Trees, planted. Distrib;
Almost all sea-front districts. A: Seeds, leaves, bark. Exsicc,
exam: RHT 6713, 11341, 11413, 12722, 17632.
BETULACEAE
Betula utilis S: Bhurjah, Bahulavalkalah. Trees, planted. A;

Bark. Exsicc. unavailable.
Betula ainoides Buch.-Ham. ex D, Don, Trees, cultivated. A: Bark,

Exsicc. exam: Matthew 1649, 1809, 2466, 2476.
SALICACEAE
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. H: Baishi. Eng: Indian Willow. Tarn:

(Nir)Vanji. Aththupalai. Trees. Distrib: Coimbatore, Madurai,
Nilgiri, Tiruchirapal 1 i , Dharmapuri , Salem, South Arcot. A:
Leaves, bark. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2890. RHT 6591, 13717, 18914,
25722, 25894. 20273.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyl1um demersum L. S: Saivalah. Jalneeli. Alga like herbs

in fresh water. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,
Tirunelveli. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1637, 23244, 28211.
MH 120701. 156537. 120744.
158
MONOCOTYLEDONS
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara (=Physkium natans Lour.;

Val 1 isneria spiralis auct. non Linn.). Submerged stoloniferous
herbs in fresh water. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4443, 8331, 14579, 1212, 27288, 2619,
22673.
ORCHIDACEAE
Mai axis acuminata D.Don (=M1crostylis wallichii Lindl.). S:

Jivakam. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Salem. A: Bulbs,
swollen stem base. Exsicc. unavailable.
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames var. sinensis {-Neottia sinensis

Pers.; Spiranthes australis Lindl.). Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bulbs, whole plant.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 7801, 22376, 22389. 27690.
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook, ex Q. Don {=Ep1dendrum tessellatum

Roxb.; Vanda roxburghi1 R.Br.). S: Rasna. Epiphytes. Distrib: In
most of the districts. A: Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2531, 8302,
9671, 12597, 20701, 15652, 20523, 26482.
Vanilla planifolia Andr. Eng: Vanilla. Terrestrial orchid,

cultivated. H: Pods. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2245.
ZINGIBERACEAE
Alpinia galanga Sw. i=Kaempferia galanga L.). H: Barakulinjan. S:

Maharasna. Sugandhamula. Elaparna. Tam: Peraraththai. Perennial
herbs, often cultivated. A, S & U: Rhizomes. A: Leaves, rootstock.
Curcuma amada Roxb. S: Amarardrakam. Karpuraharidra. Tam: Maa-

inji. Tuberous herbs, cultivated. A: Rhizomes. Exsicc.
unavailable.
159
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. S: Kasturinisa, Vana/Kasthuri-haridra.
Tarn: Kasturimanjal . Tuberous herbs, cultivated. A: Rhizomes.
Exsicc. RHT 14944.
Curcuma longa L. [=C. domestica Valeton). H: Haldi. S: Haridra.

Varavaruni. Tarn: Manjal. Tuberous herbs; cultivated. A, S, U & H:
Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4356, 14650, 17747, 16627, 20204.
Shankaranarayanan s.n. (HIFP). DSB 2122.
Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe var. zedoaria (=Amomum zedoaria

Christm.; Curcuma zerumbet Roxb.). H: Kachora. Ambahaldi. S: Sati.
Tibbi: Zarambad. Narkachor. Tam: Kichchi1ikizhangu , Tuberous
herbs, often cultivated. A, S & U: Rhizomes. Exsicc. unavailable.
Note: In Unani it is substituted for Zingiber zerumbet Rose.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton var. cardamomum; H: Ilaichi.

Tibbi: Heel (Khurd-o-Kalan). S & Tam: Ela(m). S: Trutih. Perennial
herbs, cultivated. A. S & U: Unopened fruits, seeds. A: Oil.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 3627, 13251, 14647.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe; H & Tibbi: Adhrak. S: Ardrakam. Tam:

Chukku. Inji. Tuberous herbs, cultivated. A, S, U & H: Rhizomes,
fresh or dry. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4364, 17734, 17743.
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E.Smith (=Amomum zerumbet L.). Tuberous

herbs, cultivated. A: Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3152, 30397.
Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe (=H. coronarium Koen. var.

flavescens (Carey ex Roscoe) Baker). Herbs. Distrib: Madurai,
Nllgiri, Ramanathapuram, Tiruchirapal11, Tirune!veil. A: Rhizomes.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 2899, 23423, 26759, 24159.
COSTACEAE
Costus speciosus (Koen.) J.E. Smith (=Banksia speciosa Koen.). H;

Kooth. Tibbi: Qust. S: Kanda. Koshtam. Kushta.Tam: Koshtam.
Kottam. Succulent herb, in moist localities. A & S: Rhizomes.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4878, 5591. RHT 15247, 15351, 17582, 18690.
160
MARANTACEAE
Maranta arundinacea L. Eng: Arrowroot. H: Tavasheer. S: Tava/Tuga-

shiri. Tarn: Arorootu-kizhangu. Perennial herbs, often cultivated.
A & S: Starch from roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4384, 4388.
MUSACEAE
Musa paradisiaca L. {=M. sapientum L.; M. sapidisiaca Jacob). Eng:

Banana. H & Tibbi: Kela. S: Kadali . Rambha. Tarn: Vaazhai.
Perennial herb, with many cultigens, extensively cultivated. A &
S: Roots, stem, fruits, flowers. H: Flowers. Exsicc. exam: DSB
831. RHT 14653, 30016.
BROMELIACEAE
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Eng: Pine-apple. S & Tarn: Annaasi. H:

Ananas. S: Anamnasam. Bahunetraphalam. Herbs, cultivated. A:
Fruits, leaves. U: Fruits. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4161. RHT 1982,
18425.
IRIDACEAE
Iris germanica L. Herbs, cultivated H: Whole plant, bulbs

AMARYLLIOACEAE
Crinum asiaticum L. (=C. toxicarium Roxb.). S: Nagadamani. Tam:

Vishamungil. Herbs, often planted. A: Bulbs. Exsicc. exam: MH
112688, 68953, 47045. DSB 3680. 14360, 14032.
Crinum defixum Ker.-Gawl. Tam: Vishamungil. Herbs, semiaquatic.

Distrib: Chengalpattu, Dharmapuri, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, South
Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Bulbs, rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: MH 51004,
141509, 68856. RHT 5955, 15670, 22919.
161
Crinum latlfolium L. Tarn: Vishamungil. Herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore,
Madurai, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli. A: Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: RHT
13181, 24057, 27244.
AGAVACEAE
Sansevleria roxburghlana Schultes & Schultes f. (-S. zeylanica

Roxb.). H: Muhari . S: Murva. Tarn: Maru1 . Mottamanji. Herbs,
cultivated. A & S: Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: OSB 2920. RHT 2315,
4398, 21629, 23537, 23814, 21450.
HYPOXIDACEAE
Curculigo o r c h i o i d e s Gaertn. (=C. malabarica W i g h t ) . H:

Kaalimusali. S: Musalikanda. S: Musa1i Tibbi: Musalisiyah. Tarn:
Nilappanaikizhangu. Acaulescent herbs. A & S: Tuberous roots.
Exsicc. exam: DSB 4562, 5342. RHT 2291, 2200, 12317, 13840, 16505,
27241, 24962.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea a1ata L. (=D. globosa Roxb.]. S: Alukam. Tam: Siruva11i.

Mullu-valli. Tuberous climbers; often cultivated. A & S: Tubers.
Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. buibi fera i=D.sativa sensu Hook.f.).

S: Varahikhand. Tam: Pannukilangu. Climbers. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A & S: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3817. RHT 21053.
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. var. pentaphylla (=D. pentaphylla L. var.

linnaei Prain & Burkill) S: Varahikhand. Tam: Chedukundi. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: Bourne 3032 (PCM).
RHT 19366, 16649, 17111, 23229.
LILIACEAE
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. {=A. perfoT iata L. var. vera L . ) . Tam:
Sothu-Katthalai. Succulent herbs. Distrib: Almost all districts.
A & S: Mucilage from leaves. Elio. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: DSB
3477. RHT 14680. 19617, 24829, 28476, 25087.
162
Asparagus racemosus Willd. H & S: Satavari. Abhiru. Tibbi: Halyun.
Tarn: Ammaikodi. Thanneer-vittaan-kizhangu. Shrubby climbers.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A, U & S: Root tubers. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 3447, 5250, 5345. RHT 16161, 10830, 13417, 14811, 16717,
17415. 20994. 23380.
Gloriosa superba L. Tam: Kalappaikizhangu. Kannuvel1i. H & Tibbi:

Muleem. S: Langali. Visalya. Distrib: Most of the districts. A:
Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4105, 5479. RHT 2703, 9196, 19269,
22299, 23810, 24859.
Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (=Scil1a indica Roxb.; Urginia

coromande7 7ana (Roxb.) Hook.f.; ScilTa coromande7 iana {Roxb.)
H o o k . f . ; Urginia wightiana H o o k . f . ; U. govidappae Boriah &
Fatima). Bulbous herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore,
Ramanathapuram, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Bui bs.Rhizomes,
bulbs. Exsicc. exam: RHT 24720, 25009, 30121.
ALLIACEAE
Allium cepa L. Eng: Onions. H: Piyaz. S: Palanduh. Tam:

Eeravengayam. Bulbous biennial herbs, cultivated. Distrib:
Madurai , Nilgiri. A, S, U & H: Bulbs. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3247,
5441, 5606, 5607.
Allium sativum L. Eng: Garlic. S & H: Lasun(a). Rasonah. Tam:

Vellai poondu/vengayam. Bulbous herbs, cultivated. Distrib:
Madurai, Nilgiri. A, S, U & H: Bulbs. Exsicc. unavailable.
Allium porrum L. Herbs, cultivated H: Whole plant. U: Seeds,

SMILACEAE
Smilax aspera L. Armed climbers. A & H: Rhizomes. Exsicc. exam:

Thanikaimoni s.n. 91 (HIFP). DSB 4972.
Smilax zeylanica L. Tam: Kaatukodi. Prickly climbers. Distrib : In

all districts. A: Rhizomes, roots, stem. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4188.
163
PONTEDERIACEAE
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms - Laub. (=Pontederia crassipes

Mart.). Floating herbs. Distrib: Almost all districs. A: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5510. RHT 7456, 14716, 11335, 17367,
27287, 27321.
Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl { = Pontederia vaginal is

Burm.f.) S: Indivarah. Aquatic herbs. Distrib: Most of the
districts. A: Rootstock, leaves, flowers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 11144,
14202, 17679, 19686, 20313, 18139, 21345, 28172.
JUNCACEAE
Juncus effusus L. Tufted marshy herbs. Distrib: Madurai, Nilgiri

H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 2075, 4804.
ARECACEAE
Areca catechu L. Eng: Areca nut. H: Supaari. Tibbi: Fufal
(Chalia). S: Pugah. Tarn: Kottaippaakku. Kamugu. Palms,
cultivated. A: Roots, leaves, fruits. S, U & H: Nuts. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 5318. RHT 16765, 17474, 29081.
Borassus flabellifer L. {=B. flabel!iformis Murr.). H: Tad. Tam:

(Nungu) Panai. S: Taladrumah. Palms. A & S: Male inflorescence,
roots, jaggery, toddy. U: Jaggery. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1357, 6911,
7145, 12734, 27311.
Calamus rotang L. H: Benth. S: Vetra, Vetasa. Tam: Churel.

Soththupirambu. Climbers. Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Stem,
roots, whole plant. S: Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1375, 6921, 12760,
21318.
Caryota urens L. S: Sritalah. Tam: Koonthalpanai. Thippi1ipanai.

Palms, sometimes cultivated. A: Tender buds, leaves, nuts. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 1594, 3874, 18860, 15223, 20996.
Cocos nucifera L. H: Khopra. Nariel. Tibbi: Maghz-e-Narjeel. Taza-

o-Khusk. S: Khopra. Sushka. Narikela. Tam: Thennai. Kopparai.
Palms, cultivated. A: Dry kernel, oil, shell,liquid endosperm.
164
unopened inflorescence, roots. S: Unopened inflorescence, tender
fruit, dry mature kernels, oil, liquid endosperm, shell oil.
Elaeis guineesis Jacq. Palms, cultivated. H: Fruits Exsicc. exam:

Bourne! s.n. (PCM). MH 94258.
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. {=Elate syluestris Linn.). Tarn:

Icham. Trees. Distrib: Changalpattu, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapal1i.
A: Fruits, roots. Exsicc. exam: 6586, 17385, 21311.
Phoenix pusiHa Gaertn. { = P. farinifera Roxb.). H: Palawat. S:

Parusaka. Tam: Iththi. Chithreenthi1 . Shrubby palms. A: Fruits,
roots, tender shoot. U: Fruits, oil. Exsicc. unavailable.
PANDANACEAE
Pandanus fascicularis Lam. (-P. odoratissimus L.f.; P. tectorius

sensu Fisher). Eng: Screwpine. H: Kivda. S: Ketaka. Tam: Thaazhai.
Shrubs or small trees. Distrib: Almost all districts. A, S & U:
Leaves ensheathing inflorescence, roots, flowers. Exsicc. exam:
RHT 2232, 5700, 12397, 13127. DSB 4209.
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. (=7. angustifolia auct. non Linn.).
Tam: Sumbu. Herbs in marshy localities. Distrib: Almost al 1
districts. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3445 RHT 16904,
19883, 26109. 27299.
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus L. H: Bach. Tibbi: Waj-e-Turki. 8: Vacha.

Ugragandha. Tam: Vasambu.Semi-aquatic perennial herbs, sometimes
cultivated. Distrib: Almost all districts. A & S: Rhizomes.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 20976, 17855, Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB
2076. RHT 2188, 3296, 12399, 13120, 23647.
Alocasia indica (Roxb.) Schott. i=Arum indicum Roxb.). H & S:

Maanakanda. T: Merukankizhangu. Tuberous herbs, cultivated. S:
Tubers. Exsicc. unavailable.
165
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Denns.) Nicol son var. campanulatus
(Blume ex Decne) Sivadasan (=A. campunuJatus (Roxb.) Blume ex
Decne; Arum campanulatum Roxb.). H: Sooran, Zamikand. S: Soornah.
Gandha. Tarn: Chenai kizhangu, Cormous herbs, cultivated. A & S:
Corms. Exsicc. unavailable.
Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb.) Kunth {=Arum sylvaticum Roxb.;

Synantherias sylvaticua (Roxb.) Schott). H: Janglisooran. Tarn:
Kaatukarunai. Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri,
Tiruchirapalli. S: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3309, 15368, 24472.
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott i=Arum esculenta L. ; Colocasia

antiquorum Schott.). S: Alupam. Alukam. Tarn: Seppan Kizhangu.
Tuberous herbs, cultivated in wet areas. A: Corms, leaves. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 5138. 11113, 15940, 21139, 25830.
Pistia stratiotes L. Tam: Agasa/Kodi/Kuzhi-tamarai. Floating

herbs, in fresh water ponds and lakes. Distrib: Almost all
districts. S: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3169. RHT 6072,
7399, 12866, 23907, 24860.
Rhaphidophora laciniata (Burm.f.) Merr. (= Polypodium laciniatum

Burm.f.; Pothos pertussus Roxb.; Rhaphidophora pertussa (Roxb.)
Schott) S: Sphotyabujangam. Tam: Aanaithippi1i. Ilathimaravaalai.
Epiphytic climbers. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri.
A: Stem. Exsicc. exam: MH 100135, 84343..RHT 3912, 4778.
Remusatia vivipara (Lodd.) Schott {=Caladium viviparum Lodd.).

Tuberous herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri,
Tiruchirapalli. A: Bulbs. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5463. RHT 2019, 5009,
27919.
APONOGETONACEAE
Aponogeton natans (L.) Engler & Krause. Aquatic herbs rooting 1n

mud with floating leaves and inflorescence. S: Tubers. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 4598. RHT 7401, 14811, 11140, 18092, 20024.
166
LEMNACEAE
Lemna p e r p u s l l l a T o r r e y (~/L. paucicostata Hegelm. ; L. oleanorae

McCann.; L. minor s e n s u H o o k . f . non L i n n , p . p . ) - S m a l l floating
scale-like plants in stagnating fresh water. Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u , C o i m b a t o r e , M a d u r a i , T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , T i r u n e l v e l i . H:
Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: T h a n i k a i m o n i s . n . ( H I F P ) . RHT 18110
( a ) , 28110, 28119.
CYPERACEAE
Cyperus esculentus L. S: Bhadramusta. Nagaramustakah. Tuberous

herbs. Distrib: Coimbatore, Nilgiri. A: Tubers. Exsicc. exam: E.
Qovindarajulu 7970, 7972 (PCM).
Cyperus rotundus L. ssp. rotundas H: Motha. Tibbi: Sad-Kufi. S:

Musta(ka). Tarn: Koraikizhangu. Perennial herbs, tubers blackish.
Distrib: In all districts. A, S & U: Tubers, rhizomes. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 4249, 8273, 14842, 19178.
Cyperus triceps (Rottb.) Endlicher { = Kyn inga triceps Rottb.).

Perennial herbs. Distri : Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, North & South
Arcot, Pudukkottai, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Roots,
rhizomes. Exsicc. exam: RHT 5156, 10610, 19840, 20088.
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. & G. Foster) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalz.

(=K. monocephala J.R. Forster & G. Forster ; Cyperus kyllinga
Endlich.) S: Svetanirvasa. T: Velutha Nirbasi. H: Nirbisi.
Svetagottubi. Erect sedge. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Tubers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3562. 4866, 12100, 15397, 16754.
Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton (=Scirpus corymbosus L.;

Rhynchospora aurea Vahl). Perennial herbs, in swampland. Distrib:
Madurai, Nilgiri, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli. A: Roots, whole
plant. Exsicc. exam:RHT 2441, 2999, 10632, 12607, 19460, 25184.
Scirpus articulatus L. (=Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) Pal la).

Annuals in swampland. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Madurai,
Ramanathapuram, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A:
Roots, whole plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7177, 11142, 18444, 19912.
167
Scirpus grossus L.f. Perennial herbs in marshes. Distrib: Salem,
Tiruchirapal1i. A: Whole plant, tubers. Exsicc. exam: RHT 14950,
17853, 20002.
POACEAE (GRAMINEAE)
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Aromatic grass, cultivated. Distrib:

Madurai, Nilgiri. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Bourne 1954 (PCM).
DSB 4478.
Arundo donax L. Tarn: Mudam-pullu. Perennial grasses. Distrib:

Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, South Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i,
Tirunelveli. H: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: Bourne s.n. (PCM).
Blasco 2073; Dabholkar s.n. (HIFP). DSB 3301. RHT 6580, 17225.
Avena sativa L. Eng: Oats. H: Jai . Erect annuals, cultivated. H:

Whole plant, seeds. Exsicc. exam: DSB 3862.
Bambusa a r u n d l n a c e a (Retz.) Roxb. S: V a m s a l o c h a n a . Tarn:

Periya/Mul-Mungi 1 . H, S & Tibbi: Taba(k)sheer(a). Thorny bamboo.
Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Ramanathapuram, South
Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Sprouts, young stem, roots,
leaves, siliceous matter of internodal hollows. S & U: Siliceous
concretions of internodal hollows. Exsicc. exam: RHT 1155, 4974,
14766, 16115, 17886.
Coix lachryma-jobi L. Eng: Job's-tears. S: Gavedhukah. Tam:

Kaattukundumani. Annuals. Distrib: In almost all districts. A:
Grains, roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 3014, 3479, 7423, 14895, 15090,
25299.
Cymbopogon caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Stapf (=Andropogon

caesius Nees ex Hook. & Arn.; Andropogon schoenanthus L. var.
caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Hack). Tam: Kamakshipul1u.
Mandapullu. Muchivalpul1u. Aromatic perennial grass. Distrib:
Almost all districts. A & S: Roots, leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT
8117, 14897, 30003.
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf {=Andropogon citratus D C ) . S:

Bhustranah. Tam: Vasanapullu. Karpurapullu. Eng: Lemon grass.
Aromatic, tufted perennials. A: Leaves, whole plant. Other: Oil
168
e x t r a c t e d from l e a v e s - Citronella oil. Exsicc. exam: RHT 15600,
24840.
Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schu1tes s s p . olivieri (Boiss.)

S o e n a r k o (=Andropogon olivieri B o i s s . ; A. schoenanthus sensu
H o o k . f . ; Cymbopogon olivieri ( B o i s s . ) B o r . ) . S & H: Lamajjaka.
Tarn: V i l a m i c c h a n . A r o m a t i c p e r e n n i a l g r a s s e s , c u l t i v a t e d . S:
R o o t s . U: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . u n a v a i l a b l e .
Cymbopogon m a r t i n i 1 (Roxb.) Wats. {=Andropogon martinii R o x b . ) . S:

Dhymakah, R o h i s a h . Tam: K a n n a m / K a v a t t a n / K o o r a i - p u l l u . Aromatic
perennial herbs. D i s t r i b : Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai,
N i l g i r i , Salem, T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Whole p l a n t , E x s i c c . exam: RHT
965, 5222, 18068, 20652, 29012.
Cymbopogon nardus ( L . ) Rendle v a r . nardus {=Andropogon nardus L.).

P e r e n n i a l , a r o m a t i c h e r b s , c u l t i v a t e d . A: A e r i a l p a r t s , oil.
E x s i c c . exam: RHT 4085, 9454.
Cynodon d a c t y l o n ( L . ) P e r s . (=Panicum dactylon L.). Eng:

Bermuda/Couch-grass. H: Dub. S: (Nila)Durva. Tam:
A r u g a m / M u y a l p u l l u . P e r e n n i a l r h i z o m a t o u s g r a s s . A, S & H: Whole
p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: Bourne s . n . ; Fyson! 5617 (PCM). DSB 4285,
5440, 5443. RHT 11074, 14293, 24245.
Oactyloctenium aegyptium (L) W i l l d . (=Cynosurus aegyptius L.;

Eleusine aegyptiaca ( L . ) D e s f . ) . Annual h e r b s . D i s t r i b : All
d i s t r i c t s . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: RHT 9153, 9784, 11141,
11222. 17739, 22006, 24737.
Desmostachya b i p i n n a t a ( L . ) S t a p f {=Briza pinnata L.; Eragrostis

cynosuroides ( R e t z . ) P. Beauv.; Poa cynosuroides R e t z . ) . H, S &
Tam: Kusa. S: Darbah. P e r e n n i a l g r a s s . D i s t r i b : Chengalpattu,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i . A: Whole p l a n t , r o o t s . E x s i c c . exam: RHT - KM
10909.
Echinochloa c r u s - g a l l i ( L . ) P. Beauv. i=Panicum crusgal1i L.;

Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex E g g e l ) . Annual g r a s s e s . Distrib:
C h e n g a l p a t t u , Coimbatore, Madurai, North & South A r c o t ,
T i r u c h i r a p a l 1 i , T i r u n e l v e l i . A: Whole p l a n t . E x s i c c . exam: MH
54554. 81834. 95117. 122904. 126730.
169
Echinochloa frumentacea Link { = Panicum crusgal1i L. var.
frumentacea (Link) Trimen; Echinochloa colona (L.) Link var.
frumentacea (Link) Ridley). Tarn: Kudiraivall pu11u. Rail pullu.
Herbs. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Salem, Tiruchirapal1i.
A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5669, 5670. RHT 12177, 19543,
19782.
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. i-Cynosurus coracana L . ) . S:

Nrityakundalah. Narttakah. Ragi. Tam: Ragi. Kaezhvaragu. Kaepai.
Cultivated annual. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 16136, 16763,
18431, 19455.
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. {=Cynosurus indicus L . ) . Annual

grasses. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Coimbatore, Madurai, Nilgiri,
Tirunelveli. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2925, 10356, 10671,
18809.
Hordeum vulgare L. Eng: Barley. Sans: Yavam. Tam: Barleyarisi.

Cultivated annual. A: Grains. Exsicc. unavailable.
Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight {=Pharus aristatus

Retz.).S: Nivarah. Floating aquatic herb, stem spongy. Distrib:
Chengalpattu. A: Roots, seeds. Exsicc. exam: RHT MH 55787, 34557
(Kerala).
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var.. major (Nees) Hubbard ex

Hubbard & Vaughan (=1. koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. major Nees;
I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var. koenigii (Retz.) T. Durand &
Schinz; Saccharum koenigii Retz. Imperata arundinacea Cirillo).
S: Dharba. Tam: Dharbaipullu. Stoloniferous perennial grass. A:
Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 121, 2404, 20343, 23425.
Oryza sativa L, S: Dhanya. Vrhi. Tam: Nell. Cultivated annuals. A

& S: Roots, grains. Exsicc. exam: MH 55761, 66542, 82516, 95799.
Panicum miliaceum L. S: Syamakah. Tam: Saamai. Kadaikanni.

Annual herbs, cultivated. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 2339,
15169. 15278, 15337.
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem & Schultes (= P. mi Hare auct. non

Lam.) S: Syamakah. Tam: Saamai. Cultivated annual. Distrib:
Chengalpattu, Nilgiris, North Arcot, Tiruchirapal1i. A: Grains.
Exsicc. exam: RHT 3589, 10004, 19456, 22005.
170
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (=P. commersonii Lam.; P. orbiculare
Forst.). S: Kodravah. Tarn: Varagu. Herbs. Distrib: Almost all
districts. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4794, 7646, 9568, 13116,
16022. 19459. 28920.
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. {=Arundo karka Retz.).

Tarn: Dharbaipul1u. Perennial grasses. Distrib: Chengalpattu,
Coimbatore. Madurai. Salem, Tiruchirapal1i, Tirunelveli. A: Stem,
roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4930, 6572, 6594, 11327, 29454.
Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. S: Munjah. Tam: Paaikarumbu. Tufted,

tall, perennial grass. Distrib: Tirunelveli. A: Roots, stem.
Saccharum officinarum L. Eng: Sugar-cane. H: Ganna. S: Ikshu.

Pundrakah. Tam: Karumbu. Pundaram. Perennials, cultivated. A:
Sugar, roots, stem. S: Juice, roots. H: Juice. U: Sugar. Exsicc.
exam: RHT 18377, 24649.
Saccharum spontaneum L. S: Kana-ikshu. Kasah. Tam: Peikarumbu.

Naanal. Perennial grasses. Distrib: Almost all districts. A:
Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 6195, 10988, 11297, 15099, 19905.
Setaria italica L. S: Dhaanyapriyangu. Kanguh. Kanguni. Tam:

Thinai. Cultivated annuals. A & S: Grains. Exsicc. exam: Bourne
2449 (PCM). RHT 13061, 18435, 19454.
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schultes { = Pianicum pumilum Poir.;

Setaria pal 1idefusca (Schum.) Stapf & Hubbard; Panicum
pallidefuscum Schum.; Setaria glauca sensu Hook.f.). Annuals.
Distrib: Almost all districts. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4506,
16946, 18427. 19603, 24739, 24628.
Triticum aestivum L. Eng: Wheat. H: Gehun. Tam & S: Godhuma(i).

Cultivated annuals. A & U: Grains. Exsicc. unavailable. Note: The
other varieties. Triticum sativum and Triticum dicoccumare also
used interchangeably.
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash {=Phalaris zizanioides L.;

Andropogon squarrosus sensu Hook.f. non Linn.). H: Kaskas. Tibbi:
Khas. S: Ushira. Sevyah. Sugandhimulah. Tam: Vettiver. A, S & H:
Roots. Exsicc. exam: RHT 4861, Marlange & Meher-Homji s.n. (HIFP).
DSB 3481. RHT 6489, 18018, 29308, 29767.
171
Zea mays L. Eng: Maize. Corn. H: Makka. Junri. Kukri. Barajowar.
S: Makayah. Tarn: Makka/Muthu/Kottai-cholam. Cultivated annuals. H:
Corn silk, stigma, husk. A: Grains. Exsicc. exam: RHT 15035,
15101. Thanikaimoni s.n. (HIFP). DSB 5130, 5601, 5602.
GYHNOSPERMAE
GINKGOACEAE
Ginkgo biloba L. Eng: Ginkgo. Maiden-hair tree. Trees, cultivated.

H: Fronds. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7426.
PINACEAE
Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) D. Don {=Pinus deodara Roxb.). Eng: Cedar.

H & Tibbi: Deodar. S: Devadaru. Tarn: Dhevadharam. Trees, planted.
A: Wood, leaves, bark, resin & oil. S: Wood. Exsicc. exam: DSB
2270.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (=P. longifolia Roxb.). H: Chir. S & Tam:

Sarala. Trees, cultivated. A: Wood, resin, oil. Exsicc. exam:
Matthew 2173, 2179, 2536 (RHT).
CUPRESSACEAE
Chamaecyparis lawsonlana (A. Murr.) Pari. {=Cupressus lawsoniana

A. Murr. Eng: Lawson's Cypress. Trees, cultivated. H: Young twigs,
leaves. Exsicc. exam: RHT 7472-74.
Juniperus virginiana L. Eng: Red-cedar. Trees, cultivated. H:

Young twigs, berries. Exsicc. RHT 6505, 7400.
CYCADACEAE
Cycas circinnalis L. S: Hintalah. Tam: Madhanakama. Eeththappanai

Trees. A: Bark, tender leaves, microsporophylIs, seeds. Exsicc
exam: MM 50036, 61199. 97244. 100462.
172
PTERIDOPHYTA
ADIANTACEAE
Actiniopteris radiata Link. {-A. dichotoma Kuhn). Eng: Peacock's

crest. H: Marpath. S: Mayurshikha. Terrestrial ferns. Distrib:
Madurai, Nilgiri, Salem. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 5069,
5519. MH 69828, 69829, 90186, 131158, 128120.
Adiantum incisum Forssk. i=A. caudatum sensu Bedd. (non L.).

Terrestrial ferns. Eng: Maidenhair Fern. Tarn: Mayilkondai. H:
Marshika. S: Ni1kanthashikha. A & U: Fronds, rhizomes. Exsicc.
exam: DSB 1474. MH 153225, 99831, 128118, 59114.
Adiantum philippense L. {=A. lunulatum Burm.f.). H: Kalijhant. S:

Hangsavati. Leafy fern. A: Whole plant. Exsicc. exam: DSB 4887.
MH 33933, 99923, 106609, 68371, 67232.
Adiantum venustum G. Don Eng: Black Maiden-hair Fern. H: Hangsraj.

Tibbi: Mayilsikhi. Small ferns. A: Fronds. Exsicc. unavailable.
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Eng: Maiden-hair Fern. H: Hansraj.

Ferns with blackish stipes. Distrib: Nilgiri, Madurai. A: Whole
plant. Exsicc. exam: RHT 448, 10447, 26060.
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris filix-mas Schott. {=Aspidium filix-mas Swartz.;

Nephrodium filix-mas R i c h . ; Polypodium filix-mas L . ) . Eng: Male
F e r n . H, S & T i b b i : H i r v i , Tam: I r u v i . Rhizomatous f e r n . D i s t r i b :
N l l g l r i s . A & S: Rhizomes. E x s i c c . exam: Guinet s . n . ( H I F P ) .
MARSILIACEAE
Marsilia minuta L. (M. crenulata Desv.) H: Chaupatira. S:

Catuspatri. Sunisannah. Tam: Araikeerai. Aquatic herbaceous
ferns. A: Whole plant, leaves. Distrib: Throughout plains
districts. Exsicc. exam: MH 9687, 24376, 55507, 10141, 107972.
173
Marsilia quadrifolla Linn. H: Chaupatira. S. Chatuspatri.
Sunisannah. Aquatic herbaceous ferns. Distrib: Throughout plains
districts. A & S: Whole plant, leaves. Exsicc. exam: MH 97181,
152433.
POLYPODIACEAE
Drymaria querclfolta J. Smith (=Polypodium quercifolia L.). H:

Kankali. S: Aswakatri. Tam: Pannaikizhangu. Epiphytic fern. A:
Whole plant, fronds, rhizome. Exsicc. exam: RHT 988, 14734, 25244,
25965, 26696.
SALVINIACEAE
Azolla pinnata R, Br. {-Salvinia imbricata Roxb.) Free floating

aquatic fern. A: Root. Exsicc. exam: RHT 12762.
174
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Schema of abbreviations used for enumeration of plants

Herbarium of French Insitute, Pondicherry

imum tenuifloru n L {AO.

Ayurveda Homoeopathy Siddha Unani Siddha Rapinat Herbarium,

Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. Climber. Distrib: Coimbatore,

Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC, S: Dhanaval1i. S & Tarn: Vathamkolli.

Thalictrum foliolosum DC. S: Pitaka. Trayamanah. Herbs. Distrib:

Dillenia indica L. Trees. Distrib: Chengalpattu, Nilgiris. A:

Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Tam: Naithaekku. S: Nagakesara. Trade:

Magnolia grandiflora Linn. Eng: Tree Lotus. Bull Bay. Evergreen

Michelia champaka L. Tam: Shenbagam. Sampangi. H & S: Champaka.

Annona reticulata L. Eng: Bullock's Heart. H: Luvuni. S: Ramphala.

Annona squamosa L. Eng: Custard Apple. S: Gandhagatra. H & Tibbi:

Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thwaites H: Debdari. Eng: Mast

Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman

Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Coleb. Eng:Ceylon/False Calumba.

Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (=Menispermum peltatum

Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers (=S. hernandifolia sensu Hook.f.

Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson H: Bagamushada. Tam:

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson H &

Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. (=N. stellata Wi11d.)S: Kumudham. Tarn:

Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Tarn: Vendamarai. Aquatic herbs. Distrib:

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner H: Kamal. S: Padma. Pundarika.

Argemone mexicana L. Tam & H & S: Brahmadhand(u). S: Swarnakshiri.

Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Armed annuals. Distrib: Nilgiri.H:

Eschscholtzia californica Cham, Eng: Californian Poppy. Herbs.

Papaver somniferum L.H: Aphim. S:Ahiphena. Tam: Posthaka.

Fumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (=F. vailanti i Loisel var. indica

Fumaria officinalis L. Herbs. Distrib: Nilgiri, Salem. A: Whole

Fumaria parviflora Lam. S: Pitpapra. Herbs. Distrib: Nilgiri,

Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherb. CocAj7©ar7a

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. S: Sarsapah. Rajikah. Tam:

Brassica rapa L. (=S. campestris L. ssp. rapa (L.) Hook.f. & T.

Brassica nigra (L.) Koch H: Rai . Sarson. S: Sarsapa. Tam:

Brassica oleracea var. capitata Eng: Cabbage. S: Kembukah. Kemukh.

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus (-Thiaspi bursa-pastoris L.)

Cheiranthus cheiri L. Eng: Wall Flower. Cultivated annuals. H:

Iberis amara L. Eng: Rocket/Bitter Candytuft. Herbs. H: Seeds.

Raphanus sativus L. Eng: Radish. S: Mulak(a). H: Mu11i. Tarn:

Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce (=C1eome fruticosa L.; Cadaba indica

Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgeworth {=Sodada decidua Forsk.;

Capparis sepiaria L. H: Kanthari. S: Kakkadhani. Tam: Karunjurai.

Capparis zeylanica L. C. horrida L.f. H: Ardanda. Tam: (A)thondai.

Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. (=Capparis magna Lour.iCrataeva nurvala

01eome g y n a n d r a L.{=Gynandropsis pentaphylla ( L . ) DC;CI some

Cleome m o n o p h y l l a L. H e r b s . D i s t r i b : I n most o f t h e d i s t r i c t s . A &

Cleome v i s c o s a L. H: H u l h u l . Tam: N a a i k a d u g u . S: P a s u g a n d h a . Tam:

Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L . ) F.v. Muel 1 . ( = Ion7c/7ty/n suffruticosum

V i o l a o d o r a t a L. Eng: Sweet Violet. Tam: V a y i l e t t u . H:

Viola tricolor L. Eng: Pansy. Heart's ease. Herbs. H: Whole plant.

Bixa orellana L. Eng: Dye Arnatto. H: Latkan, S: Sindurl. Tarn:

Casearia elllptica Willd. (=C. tomentosa Roxb.). H: Chi la. Tam:

Casearia esculenta Roxb. Tam: Kottargovai. Trees. Distrib:

Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. i=Gme1ina indica Burm.f.;

Hydnocarpus laurifolia (Dennst.) Sleumer {=Munnicksia laurifolia

Polygala chinensis L.(=P. glomerata Lour.). H: Meradu. Herbs.

Polygala telephioides Willd. ( = P. brachystachya D C ) . Diffuse

Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. (=Achyranthes corymbosa

Stellaria media (L.) Vi11. (=Alsine media L.). Herbs. Distrib:

Vaccaria pyramidata Medicus; {=Saponaria vaccaria L . ) . H: Musna.

Portulaca oleracea L. var. oleracea Eng: Common Purslane. H:

Portulaca quadrifida L. S: Loni. Tam: Chinnaparuppukeerai. Herbs.

Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsten; (-Thuja aphylla L.; Tamarix