Introduction// The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945,

when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The
day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of
the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and
development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all
people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and
national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192
Members of the United Nations. They meet in the General Assembly, which is the closest
thing to a world parliament. Each country, large or small, rich or poor, has a single vote,
however, none of the decisions taken by the Assembly are binding. Nevertheless, the
Assembly's decisions become resolutions that carry the weight of world governmental
opinion. The United Nations Headquarters is in New York City but the land and buildings
are international territory. The United Nations has its own flag, its own post office and its
own postage stamps. Six official languages are used at the United Nations - Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The senior officer of the United Nations
Secretariat is the Secretary-General. The United Nations was created after World War II to
provide an international forum that would develop positive relationships between
countries, promote peace and security around the world, and establish international
cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian
problems.

Purpose and date// UNESCO was established on November 4th, 1946 as a specialized
agency of the UN. Its 1st General Conference was held on November 19th, 1946 in Paris.
The forerunner of UNESCO is said to be International Committee on Intellectual
Cooperation （ICIC） established in Geneva under the League of Nations in 1922. ICIC
was compromised of celebrated scholars, such as Albert Einstein （German-born
theoretical physicist）, Marie Curie （Polish-French physicist and chemist） and so on.
Inazo Nitobe, Japanese scholar and one of the Under-Secretaries General of the League at
that time, became a founding director of ICIC.

In 1926, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation （IIIC） was established in

Paris with financial aid from the French government to implement plans and policies
made by ICIC. IIIC was an active institution with activities in variety of fields such as
universities, libraries, intellectual property, arts, information and media. However, these
activities were suspended due to the outbreak of WW II.
Soon after WW II, in November 1945, a United Nations Conference for the establishment
of an educational and cultural organization was convened in London with representatives
from 44 countries. Initiated by France and the United Kingdom, the delegates decided to
create an organization that would embody a genuine culture of peace. At the end of the
conference, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization was
founded and the Constitution of UNESCO, signed on 16 November 1945, came into force
on 4 November 1946.

Function of UNESCO

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,

fosters international peace and development by encouraging intercultural dialogue
in education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. The
organization has a large number of components, including learning institutions,
nongovernmental organization partners, sponsored prizes and funding for professionals
in many fields.

UNESCO's general goals include attaining quality education for all, sustainable
development, social and ethical equity, cultural diversity and an inclusive, global society.
To meet these goals, UNESCO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, works through
its own organizations and through affiliated governments and NGOs. One important part
of UNESCO's support for cultural diversity and sustainable development is its World
Heritage Site program, which designates places with special cultural or physical
importance, thereby raising their profile and discouraging their destruction while
fostering intercultural dialogue.

UNESCO encourages education by funding a number of initiatives to train teachers and

journalists to encourage education and a free press, both important components for
democratic societies. It also monitors the state of global education, shining a light on
countries and regions that consistently fail their students. UNESCO sponsors a series of
International Days, such as World Poetry Day on March 21, World Teachers' Day on Oct. 5
and Human Rights Day on Dec. 10. These days bring attention to important communities
or issues in the world.

Objection of Unesco

The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world by
promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and
communication in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law, and for
the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the
world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United
Nations.

In support of this objective, UNESCO's principal functions are:

 To promote intellectual co-operation and mutual understanding of peoples through

all means of mass communication;
 To give fresh impulse to popular education and to the spread of culture;
 To maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge;
 To encourage scientific research and training;
 To apply sciences to ensure human development and the rational management of
natural resources.

 Conclusion
 It is very important that many children were able to their enthusiasm for science
and technology through this campaign. It provided UNESCO with a unique
opportunity to get to know first hand what children across the world actually think
about science and technology, especially in the 21st century. It is, of course, neither
easy nor appropriate to interpret the general views of all children on science and
technology based on such small data. It is also important to remember that the
contributions were made on the individual or group level and so cannot be said to
represent the views of all the children of the specific country. For a better
understanding of the data obtained in this campaign, it is necessary to take into
consideration geographical, socio-cultural, economic factors related to the schools
as well as the contributors. Whereas on the one hand it was obvious that some
contributors came from a favoured physical learning environment - as shown by the
use of very hi-tech tools for computer graphics, others did not even possess color
pencils! However, the nature of all the contributors' interest and enthusiasm for
science and technology, regardless of their physical settings, seems to be a very
positive sign. It is important for us to continue exploring the children's views on
science and technology in order to reflect them in educational projects implemented
by UNESCO and various others and make those projects more attractive and
appropriate to their needs and interests. In conclusion, it would be appropriate to
close this article by quoting from a contribution from the Democratic Republic of
Congo: