Below is the simulation results that is taken from ANSYS Fluid Flow (Fluent).

The geometry
generated are TWO (2) 2-dimensional, steady, incompressible flows inside a circular pipe. The
flow should be a laminar flow (indicate the Reynolds number of the flow). The two simulations
are:
Case 1: flow of water inside a circular round pipe (full geometry).
Case 2: flow of water inside a circular round pipe (half geometry).
RESULT:

FULL GEOMETRY HALF GEOMETRY

COMPUTATIONAL
DOMAIN AND
MODEL

DIMENSIONS

GRID MESH –
NODES AND
ELEMENTS

BOUNDARY
CONDITION

WATER: WATER:
MATERIAL USED
 VELOCITY - INLET

1200 NUMBER OF 1200

ITERATIONS

VELOCITY
MAGNITUDE -
INTERIOR
SURFACE BODY

STATIC PRESSURE
– INTERIOR
SURFACE BODY
 ANIMATE FLOW

Full geometry iteration graph Half geometry iteration graph

1) Laminar flow:
Assume for Case 1: Re = 10001, D = 200mm thus V = 4.46x10-3 m/s
Assume for Case 2: Re= 2001, D = 100mm thus V = 0.0178 m/s

2) Governing equation:
For simplified case, we assume:
(1) Steady state
(2) Two-dimensional
(3) Laminar
(4) Constant properties
(5) No dissipation
(6) No gravity
(7) Incompressible fluid flow

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
Continuity equation: + 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑥
X- Momentum:

 u u u u 
 u v w 
 t x y z 
p   2u  2u  2u 
g x     2  2  2 
x  x y z 

Y – Momentum:

 w w w w 
 u v w 
 t x y z 
p   2w  2w  2w 
g z     2  2  2 
z  x y z 
Energy:

 T T    2T  2T 
 c  u v   k  2  2 
 x y   x y 
Discussion:
1. The regime of flow when velocity is lower than "critical" is called laminar flow. At laminar flow
the velocity is highest on the pipe axis, and on the wall the velocity is equal to zero.
2. A laminar boundary layer is one where the flow takes place in layers, i.e., each layer slides
past the adjacent layers.In a laminar boundary layer any exchange of mass or momentum takes
place only between adjacent layers on a microscopic scale which is not visible to the eye.

Consequently molecular viscosity is able predict the shear stress associated. Laminar
boundary layers are found only when the Reynolds numbers are small.