Name : Dewi Satriana

Student ID Number : 1505015038

Departement : Biology Education of Mulawarman University

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant natural resources. Of

course natural wealth must be accompanied by good quality human resources in
order to manage wisely. Abundant natural resources and accompanied by good
management by human resources certainly increase the level of the community's
economy. The majority of Indonesia's natural wealth is managed by the
government in order to maintain justice together. But there are some things that
are very worrying when government officials abuse their power to increase
personal wealth. Such actions are often referred to as corruption. What is meant
by corruption? Corruption comes from a corrupt word which means bad, broken,
or rotten. This is also interpreted as the act of someone who likes to use goods or
money entrusted to him. Corrupt is also interpreted as an abuse of power for
personal gain. Thus, it can be interpreted that corruption is an act of abuse of a
power to obtain personal benefits so that it can cause harm to the community,
company or other groups. In Law No. 20 of 2001 there is an understanding that
"corruption is an act against the law with the intention of enriching oneself,
others, or a corporation which results in damaging the state's finance or the
country's economy. There are nine acts of corruption in the law, namely: bribery,
illegal profit, secret transactions, gifts, grants (granting), embezzlement, collusion,
nepotism, and abuse of office and authority as well as state facilities
One theory of corruption according to Jack Bologne Gone states that the
factors that cause corruption are greed, opportunity, need, and disclosure. Greed is
potentially owned by everyone and is related to individuals who are corrupt.
Organizations, agencies, or the wider community in certain circumstances open up
the opportunity for fraud. The need factor is close to individuals to support a
reasonable life. And, the disclosure factor is related to the actions or consequences
faced by the fraud perpetrator if the perpetrator is found to be cheating.
According to Ermansjah Djaja in the book Eradicating corruption
Together with the Corruption Eradication Commission, there are various factors
that a person commits corruption. Here are some of the causes of corruption.
1. The wrong system of state administration. As a developing country the
government should prioritize development in the education sector. But for
decades starting from the old order, the new order up to the reform era,
development focused on the economy. Though every developing country has a
limited number of human resources, money, management and technology.
consequently, all are imported from abroad.
2. Low PNS compensation. Because of low salaries, many PNS members
commit acts of corruption. Low payroll is balanced with a simple lifestyle,
because most employees have a consumptive lifestyle.
3. Greedy officials. Because it has a consumptive lifestyle, the desire arises in
officials to enrich themselves instantly. Then was born a greedy attitude where
officials abused their authority and position and became the cause of the
creation of a pluralistic and multicultural society.
4. Law enforcement that is underestimated by perpetrators of corruption.
Corruptors receive a light sentence, so they do not cause a deterrent effect for
those who commit corruption. It does not even cause fear in society, so
officials continue to commit corruption, collusion and nepotism.
5. There is no exemplary leader. The lack of leaders who can be used as role
models, makes it difficult for Indonesia to be free from the snare of
corruption. This causes the life of the nation and state to approach the abyss of
destruction.
6. A culture that is conducive to corruption, collusion and nepotism. In an
agrarian country like Indonesia, the people tend to be internal. Thus, they
contribute to corruption, collusion and nepotism in their daily affairs. For
example, taking care of identity cards, driving licenses, land building taxes
and much more. They did this because they imitated what was done by
 officials, political elites, community leaders, religious leaders, who were
believed by the community as reasonable actions.
To eradicate corruption, strong determination is needed from yourself. The
following can be applied as an effort to eradicate corruption.
1. Building the Supremacy of the Law Strongly - Law is a pillar of justice. When
the law is unable to uphold the joints of justice, the public trust in this
institution collapses. The lack of clarity in the performance of legal actors will
provide room for corruption to develop freely. For this reason, it is necessary
to build a strong rule of law. There are no people who are immune from the
law, as well as law enforcers who do not selectively judge them.
2. Creating Real Conductivity in All Regions - One of the stimulants of fertile
growth of corruption is false apparent in an autonomous region. The
conduciveness that has been hailed is mere false conduciveness. corrupt crime
continues to thrive without anyone stopping it. how should regional autonomy
be conducive? namely areas that are free from corruption, clean misuse and no
more crimes that harm the nation and state.
3. The Existence of Activists such as non-governmental organizations must
vigorously call for their voices to fight corruption. Here, the active role of
activists is highly expected.
4. Creating Anti-Corruption Education - Efforts to eradicate corruption through
education must be carried out because it cannot be denied that education is a
very strategic vehicle for fostering the younger generation to instill life values
including anti-corruption.
5. Building Moral Education As Early As Possible - Why are many of these
State officials corrupt? One answer is because they are of poor morality,
criminal behavior and not dignified. If someone has a low moral, then each
move will harm people. therefore it is very important to provide moral
education to the younger generation.
6. Intensive religious education - All religions teach goodness. There is no
religion that tells us to do something to harm people, such as corruption. The
role of parents is very influential to foster religious awareness in children so
 that later when adults have good morals and mentality.

Corruption is a momentary pleasure, but it has a huge impact on oneself

and others. The impact of corruption on oneself is the loss of shame because of
deliberately taking the rights of others, loss of honesty, loss of trust from others,
and slowing down one's electability slowly. The impact of corruption on others
and the State is very detrimental. In terms of economics, corruption causes a
slowdown in economic growth, increasing national debt, creating unemployed
people, decreasing the quality of facilities and infrastructure, and reducing state
revenues. From a social standpoint, corruption causes a high price of public
services and services, a slowdown in eradicating community poverty, very limited
access to society and an increase in criminal acts. In terms of the environment,
corruption can damage the quality of the environment. From a legal standpoint,
corruption can cause the functions of government not to run well and the loss of
public confidence.
Indonesian corruption is still vulnerable. In 2018, the Corruption
Eradication Commission handled 178 corruption cases and 152 bribery cases. Of
the total cases handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission, 91 of them
involved members of the House of Representatives or the Regional
Representatives Council. There are also 28 cases involving regional heads, both
active and former regional heads. This proves that the level of corruption is still
high in Indonesia.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that corruption is an act
of abuse of office or embezzlement of money with the aim of enriching oneself.
We can prevent acts of corruption from ourselves. The existence of character
education planting honest attitudes can reduce corruption cases. This is because
children are the golden generation of the nation that must be given a wide range of
people regarding acts of corruption. In addition, the government is expected to
provide severe penalties related to acts of corruption. Corruption eats away,
inflamed poverty. Not only causes community poverty, but also signifies the
poverty of the perpetrators of corruption, namely poor thinking.
Reference:

https://aclc.kpk.go.id/materi/berpikir-kritis-terhadapkorupsi/infografis/teori-teori-
penyebab-korupsi

https://guruppkn.com/penyebab-korupsi-dan-cara-mengatasinya

https://www.maxnyoos.com/artikel/7-dampak-mengerikan-korupsi

https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4350420/kpk-tangani-178-kasus-korupsi-di-2018-
terbanyak-libatkan-legislatif