Multi Story Building

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Aim of the Project PAGE 2

CHAPTER 2: Introduction PAGE 3
CHAPTER 3: Classification of Building PAGE 4
CHAPTER 4: Site selection PAGE 5
CHAPTER 5: Parts of Building PAGE 6
CHAPTER 6: Components of Building PAGE 7
CHAPTER 7: Building Bye Laws and PAGE 8
Regulations
CHAPTER 8: Drawings PAGE 9-13
8.1: Dimensions of building
8.2: Floor Plan
8.3: Elevation
8.4: Terrace Plan
CHAPTER 9: Design PAGE 14-75
9.1: Design Approach
9.2: Design of slab
9.3: Design of beams
9.4: Design of columns
9.5: Design of footing
CHAPTER 10: Bar Bending Schedule PAGE 76-97
CHAPTER 11: Estimation PAGE 98-111
11.1: Detail of measurement
11.2: Abstract of quantity
11.3: Abstract of cost
Bibliography PAGE 112
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 1
AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of the project is to plan, design, analyze and estimate the cost of the structure of
multistory building. It also includes the level understanding of the basic concepts of building
design and construction.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
The basic needs of human existence are food, clothing & shelter. Since time immemorial man
has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has been to
provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a basic gives a
feeling of security, responsibility and shows the status of man.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his
pleasant living. This object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and
convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept
in view.
 A peaceful environment
 Safety from all natural sources & climatic conditions
 General facilities for community of residential building
The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye laws,
environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement, provision of future aeration,
ventilation etc., in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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CHAPTER 3
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING
Residential buildings: - The buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal
residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities are called residential buildings.
Educational / institutional buildings: - The building used for school, college or day care
purposes are called education / institutional building.
Assembly Buildings: - The buildings which are constructed for the purposes to gathering of the
people for their respective purposes i.e. social, religious, civil, political is called assembly
buildings.
Business Buildings: - The buildings used for transaction of business, for the keeping of accounts
and records and other similar purposes called business buildings.
Mercantile Buildings: - The buildings used for display of merchandise, either wholesale or retail
are called Mercantile Buildings.
Industrial buildings: - The buildings in which products or materials of all kinds and properties
are fabricated, assembled or processed are called industrial buildings.
Storage buildings: - The buildings used primary for the storage, handling or shattering of goods
and wares or merchandise, vehicles and animals are called storage buildings.
Hazardous buildings: -The buildings used for storage, handling manufacturing or processing of
highly combustible or explosive material are called Hazardous buildings.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 4
SITE SELECTION
Selection of a plot is very important for building a house. Site should be in good place where
community service is convenient but not so close that it becomes a source of inconvenience or
noise. The conventional transportation is important not only because of present need but for
retention of property value in future closely related to are transportation, shopping, facilities also
necessary. One should observe the road condition whether there is indication of future
development or not in case of undeveloped area.
The factors to be considered while selecting the building site are as follows:-
1. LEVEL AT THE SITE: - The level at the site must be higher than that of its surrounding so as
to provide good drainage.
2. CLIMATE CONDITION: - The intensity of the rainfall and sub soil water level should be low
as to avoid dampness in the building.
3. SUB-SOIL CONDITION: - A hard strata should be available at a reasonable depth so as to
construct the foundation of the building safely and economically.
4. AVAILABILITIES OF MODERN AMENITIES: - The site must be within municipal limits so
that modern amenities like water supply, electricity, drainage, road etc. can be made available
inner future if there is no provision at present.
5. AVAILABILITIES OF OTHER FACILITIES : - The site should provide as easy access from
the nearest road and after sufficient light and air, these should be good and cheap transport
facilities available near the site, it is always better if public services like fire brigade, police
station etc.
6. SURROUNDINGS:-
The situation and surrounding of the site must as to suit the purpose for which the building it to be
constructed.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 5
PARTS OF BUILDING
A building can be divided into two parts: -
1. Sub structure
2. Super structure
1. Sub structure: - The part of a building constructed beneath the ground level is known as Sub
structure.
2. Super structure: - The part of the building constructed above ground level is known as super
structure. It is second part of a building. All the activities of the building construction take place
after the making of sub-structure. Flooring, wall roofing are the example of super structure of a
building.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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CHAPTER 6
COMPONENTS OF BUILDING
1. FOUNDATION: - It is the lowest part of a structure below the ground level which is direct
contact with ground and transmitted all the dead, live and other loads to the soil on which the
structure rests.
2. PLINTH: - The portion of a building and the top of the floor immediately above the ground is
known as plinth. The level of the surrounding ground is known as formation level of the ground
floor of the building is known as plinth level.
3. WALLS: - Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space n desired pattern in addition
wall provided privacy security and give protection against sun, rain, cold and other undesired
effect of the weather.
4. COLUMN: - A column may be defined as an isolated load bearing member, the width of which
is neither less than its thickness. It carries the axially compressive load.
5. FLOORS: - Floors are flat supporting elements of a building. They divided a building into
different levels. There by creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. The basic
purpose of a floor is to provide a firm and other items like stores, furniture, equipment etc.
6. DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS: - A door may be defined as a barrier secured in

an opening left in a wall to provide usual means of access to a building, room or passage.
Windows and ventilators are provided for sun light, fresh air and ventilation purposes.
7. ROOF: - It is the uppermost component of a building and its function is to cover the space below
it of a room and protect it from rain, snow, sun, wind etc.
8. BUILDING FINISHES: - A building is considered incomplete till such time the surface of its
components is given appropriate treatment.
Building finishes include items like plastering, painting, pointing, white / color washing,
varnishes and distempering etc.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 7
BUILDING BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
 Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.
 Open spaces around residential building.
 Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
 Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
 Provision for safety from explosion.
 Provisions for means of access.
 Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
 Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
 Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
 Requirements for landscaping.
 Special requirements for low income housing
 Size of structural elements.
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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CHAPTER 8
DRAWINGS
8.1 DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING
COMPONENTS STANDARD SIZE PROVIDED SIZE
TOTAL AREA 40 m2 246.15 m2
CONSTRUCTION AREA Max 2/3 of total area 160 m2
(26.67m2)
BEDROOM 1 Area = 9.5 m2 Area = 10.42 m2
Width = 2.4m Width = 3.05 m
Height = 2.45m Height = 3 m
BEDROOM 2 Area = 9.5 m2 Area = 9.61 m2
Width = 2.4m Width = 3.05 m
Height = 2.45m Height = 3 m
TOILET TYPE A Area = 2.8 m2 Area = 3.55 m2
Width = 1.2 m Width = 1.5 m
Height = 2.45 m Height = 3 m
TOILET TYPE B Area = 2.8 m2 Area = 3.36 m2
KITCHEN Area = 5 m2 Area = 6.75 m2
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STAIRCASE Width = 1 m Width = 1.5 m
Riser = 0.19 m(max) Riser = 0.15 m
Tread = 0.2 m Tread = 0.275
No. of risers = 12 No. of risers = 8 &7
PLINTH HEIGHT 0.85 m 0.85 m
BOUNDARY HEIGHT 1.65 m 1.85 m
Table 8.1
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Fig. 8. 1 FLOOR PLAN
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Fig. 8.2 FRONT ELEVATION
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Fig. 8.3
TERRACE PLAN
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 9
DESIGN
9.1 DESIGN APPROACH:

In design approach there are two methods, one is working stress method and other is limit state
method. Working stress method becomes obsolete nowadays, it is uneconomical and with it we
are not able to predict behavior of the structure and ultimate loads. In limit state method stress
block is rectangular cum parabolic so reserved strength of concrete is well utilized, design is
economical. In this project limit state method is adopted as it is and it encompasses all the
favorable point of working stress method as well as ultimate method of design.
For vertical loads there are different methods of analysis. A building frame is three
dimensional vertical frames all two mutually perpendicular horizontal axis of analysis. These
frames are analyzed independently of each other. The degree of sophistication to which a
structure analysis is depends upon the created out importance of the structure. A wide range of
approaches have been used for building of varying height and importance, from simple
approximate methods which can be carried out manually with the aid of desk calculators, to more
refined techniques involving computer solutions.
The design of structure consists of following steps:
 Idealization of structure for analysis;

 Estimation of loads;
 Analysis of idealized structural model to determine axial thrust, shears, bending moment
and deflections;
 Design of structural elements.
There are three philosophies for the design of reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete as well
as steel structures:
 The working stress method

 The ultimate load method
 The limit state method
Working stress method has been the traditional method used for reinforced concrete design
where it is assumed that concrete is elastic, steel and concrete act together elastically and
relationship between loads and stresses is linear right up to the collapse of the structure. The
elastic concept is mainly used for computations of deflections which are of under interest under
working loads rather than ultimate loads. It is uneconomical and with it we are not able to predict
the behavior of the structure at ultimate loads.
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In the ultimate load method the working loads are increased by suitable factor to obtain
ultimate loads. These factors are called load factors. In this strain distribution across the depth is
linear right up to failure, and the tensile strength of concrete is ignored in section subjected to
bending.
While in limit state method the object of design is to achieve an acceptable probability that a
structure will not become unserviceable in its lifetime for the use for which it is intended, that, is
it will not reach a limit state. In limit state these parameters are determined based on observation
taken over a period of time. These parameters will thus be influenced by chance or random effect
not just at a single instant but throughout the entire period of time or the sequence of time that is
being considered. Structural member designed on the basis of permissible stresses using a factor
of safety regardless of different working conditions and load combinations actually had different
safety margins. There are two main limit states:
 Limit State of Collapse: To safety this limit state, the strength must be adequate to carry
loads account must be taken of stability.
 Limit State of Serviceability: To satisfy this limit state, deflections, cracks and vibrations
must not be excessive.
9.1.1 SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN CRITERION LOADS:
i) Dead Loads:
The dead load of a building shall comprise the weight of all walls, partitions, floors
& roof including weight of all other permanent constructions.
ii) Live Loads:

i) Live Load on all floors = 2kN/m2
ii) Live Load on roof = 1.5kN/m2
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PROJECT REPORT
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SESSION 2018-19
9.1.2 DESIGN
i) Method:-
Most widely used and most scientific approach, limit state method is used in this
project. The partial factors are based on statistical and probabilistic grounds. We are designing
for limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability.
ii) Materials:-
Concrete of M-20 grade and reinforcement bars of HYSD Fe-415 is used. All
material used in construction of concrete works should conform to part V, building materials
of N.B.C.
iii) Design of Beams:-
There is tie beam provided which is designed as per N.B.C. Beams used are
rectangular beams.
iv) Design of slabs:-
Loads on slabs given below are according to N.B.C
Rooms/ Kitchens/Toilets = 2kN/m2
Passageways / Galleries = 3kN/m2Slabs are designed for flexure and checked for
shear and deflection as per IS 456-2000.
9.2 DESIGN OF SLABS:
9.2.1 KITCHEN SLAB (S1):

i) Depth Consideration:
Ly=3000mm; Lx = 2250mm
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Ly/Lx = 3000/2250 = 1.33<2;
Hence it is a two-way slab.
Assuming,
Effective length = 2250+230 = 2480mm
L/D = 40*0.8 = 32
Therefore, D = 2480/32 = 77.5mm.
Taking D = 120 mm
d = 100mm
Lx = 2250+100 = 2350mm; Ly = 3000+100 = 3100mm
ii) Load Calculations:

Dead Load = 25*1*0.12 = 3kN/m
Live Load = 2*1 = 2kN/m
Floor Finish = 1*1 = 1kN/m
Total Load = (2+3+1) = 6kN/m
Factored Load = 1.5*6 = 9kN/m
iii) Boundary Conditions:

Kitchen slab (S1) is continuous over two long edges.
Slab of passageway (S2) is a one – way slab and moment at its exterior support will be zero
Slab Ly/Lx Wul2 Bending Moment Coefficient Bending Moment

Short Span Long Span Short Span Long Span
S M S M S M S M
S1 1.33 49.70 .0569 .043 -- .035 -2.828 2.152 -- 1.750
S2 1.033 89.30 .0489 .0367 .047 .035 -4.37 3.277 4.197 3.125
Table 9.1
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Moment over common long edge of S1 is averaged out to be [(2.828+4.37)/2] = 3.60kN/m. Since
negative moment is increased from2.828 to 3.60kN-m, half the difference of the moment [(3.60-
2.828)/2] = 0.386 is subtracted from the span moment which finally comes out to be (2.152-
0.386) = 1.766kN-m.
iv) Reinforcement:
Along Short Span:
At Support:
Mu = 3.60kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast= 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.60*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 101.9 mm2
Min. Reinforcement = 0.12% of BD
= (0.12*1000*0.12)/100
= 144 mm2
Use 8mm dia bars;
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Provide Φ8@280 c/c spacing;
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/280 = 179.55mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 1.766kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*1.766*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
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= 49.44mm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.12% of BD
= (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144mm2
Use 8mm diameter bars;
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Provide Φ8@300mm c/c spacing
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/300 = 167.53mm2
Along Long Span:

At Mid span:
Mu = 1.75kN-m; d = (100-8) = 92mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*1.75*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 53.35mm2
Min. Reinforcement = 144mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Provide Φ8@320 c/c spacing
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157.06mm2
v) Check for Deflection:

pt = (100*Areqd)/ Aprov
pt = (100*144)/(1000*100) = 0.144% < 0.25%
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vi) Distribution Steel:
Ast = (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144 mm2
Using 8mm diameter bars,
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
vii) Torsion Steel:

All the corners are discontinuous.
Torsion steel = (3*Ast)/8
= (3*144)/8 = 54mm2
Provide #6 @520mm c/c for distance of Lx/5 = (2350/5) = 470mm in all directions
viii) Check For Shear:

a) Long Continuous Edge:
Vumax = (1.2*wu*Lx*β)/(2*β+1)
β = Ly/Lx = 3.1/2.35 = 1.32
Vumax = (1.2*9*2.35*1.32)/(2*1.32+1)
= 9.2kN
Area of tension steel = 144mm2
Pt = (100*144)/(1000*100) = 0.144%
τc = 0.28N/mm2 k = 1.3
Vuc = τc*b*d = 0.28*1000*90*1.3
= 32760N = 32.76kN>> 9kN
Hence safe.
b) Short discontinuous edge:
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Vumax = (wuLx)/3
= (9*2.35)/3 = 7.05kN
Assuming 50% bars bent up at support
Ast = 144/2 =72mm2
Pt = (100*72)/(1000*92) = 0.078%
τc = 0.28N/mm2 k = 1.3
Vuc = (1.3*0.28*1000*92)/1000
= 33.48kN > 7.05Kn
Hence Safe.
9.2.2 PASSAGEWAY SLAB (S2):

i) Depth Considerations:
Lx = 3000mm Ly = 6500mm and c/c distance b/w beams is 3250mm
Ly/Lx = 6500/3000 = 2.167 > 2
Thus, a one way slab is to be designed.
Basic L/d ratio γb = 20
Assuming pt = 0.3%, Modification factor = 1.58 for fs = 240N/mm2
Allowable L/d ratio γa = 1.58*20 = 31.6
d = 2480 /31.6 = 78.5mm
Taking d = 100mm,
D = d+20 = 120mm
Lx = 3000+100 = 3100mm; Ly = 6500+100 = 6600mm
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Dead Load = 25*1*0.12 = 3Kn/m
Total load = 7kN/m
Factored Load wu = 1.5*7 = 10.5kN/m
iii) Design Moments:

Moment Coefficient End Support Mid Span Interior Support
αd 0 +1/16 -1/12
αl 0 +1/12 -1/9
Table 9.2
Bending Moment at any section is given by:
Mu = (αd*wud*L2+αl*wul*L2)
Bending Moment at middle of outer span:
Mu1 = ((4.5*3.252)/16)+((4.5*3.252)/12)
= 2.971+3.961 = 6.932kNm
Bending Moment at interior support:
Mu2 = ((4.5*3.252)/12)+((4.5*3.252)/9)
= 3.961+5.281 = 9.242kNm
iv) Check for Depth:

Murmax = 2.76*1000*1002*10-6
= 27.6kNm>9.242kNm
v) Main Steel:
Area of steel is given by:
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[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Area of steel for middle of outer span for Mu = 6.932kNm
Ast1 = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*6.932*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 200.43mm2
Area of steel for interior support for Mu = 9.242kNm
Ast2 = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*9.242*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 271.40mm2
Spacing:
 At middle of outer span:
Using 8mm diameter bars
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/200.43
= 250.76mm, say 230mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/230
= 218.52mm2
 At interior support:
Using 8mm diameter bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/271.43
= 185.19mm, say 180mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/180
= 279.22mm2
vi) Check for Deflection:
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Since deflection is maximum at mid span, the required steel at mid span is taken for computation
of pt%.
Pt = (100*218.52)/(1000*100)
= 0.22 %< 0.3 %
Since ptprovided<ptassumed
Hence safe.
vii) Distribution Steel:

Using Fe 250 bars
Ast = 0.15% of B*D
= (0.15*1000*120)/100 = 180mm2
Using Φ6mm bars;
Spacing = (1000*28)/180 = 150mm
viii) Check for Shear:

wud = wul = 3.25kN/m
End Support Mid span Interior Support

Dead Load 0.4*3.25 = 1.30kN 0.5*3.25 = 1.625kN 0.5*3.25 = 1.625kN
Live Load 0.45*3.25 = 1.46kN 0.6*3.25 = 1.95kN 0.6*3.25 = 1.95kN
Total Load 2.76Kn 3.575kN 3.575kN
Table 9.3
Maximum shear occurs at interior support.
Vumax = 3.575kN
Pt = (100*279.22)/(1000*100) = 0.28%
τuc = [0.326+((0.338-0.326)*(0.28-0.2)/0.1)]
= 0.3356N/mm2
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Permissible shear = Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*0.3356*1000*100
= 43.63kN >> Vumax
9.2.3 BEDROOM-2 SLAB (S3):

Ly = 3150mm; Lx = 3050mm
Ly/Lx = (3150/3050) = 1.033<2
Hence a two way slab is to be designed.
Assuming, effective length = (3050+230) = 3280mm
L/D = 40*0.8 = 32
D = 3280/32 = 102.5mm
Taking D= 120mm, d = 100mm
Lx = 3050+100 = 3150mm
Ly = 3150+100 = 3250mm

Dead load = 25*1*0.12 = 3kN/m
Total Load = 6kN/m
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Slab is continuous at two adjacent edges

S M S M S M S M
S1 1.33 49.70 .0569 .043 -- .035 -2.828 2.152 -- 1.750
S3 1.033 89.30 .0489 .0367 .047 .035 -4.37 3.277 -4.197 3.125
S4 1.58 20.60 .0779 .0582 .047 .035 1.60 1.20 -.968 .721
Table 9.4
The moment over common long edge of slab S3 can be averaged out to be ((2.83+4.37)/2=)
3.6kNm.
Since the negative moment at support of slab S3 decreased from 4.37 to 3.6, half the difference of
the moment ((4.37-3.6)/2=) 0.385 is added to the span moment of S3 which becomes
(3.277+0.385) = 3.662kNm.
The moment over the common short edge can be averaged out to be ((4.197+.968)/2) =
2.583kNm.
Since the negative moment at support of slab S3 decreases from 4.197 to 2.583, half the difference
of the moment (4.197-2.583)/2 = 0.807kNm is added to the span moment of slab which becomes
(3.125+0.807) = 3.932kNm.
iv) Reinforcement:
Along Short Span:
At Support:
Mu = 3.60kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast= 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.60*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 101.9 mm2
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= (0.12*1000*0.12)/100
= 144 mm2
Use 8mm dia bars;
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/280 = 179.55mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 3.662kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.662*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 103.71mm2
= (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2
Along Long Span:

At Support:
Mu = 2.583kNm d = 92mm
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[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*2.583*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 79.22mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/300 = 167.53mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 3.932kN-m; d = (100-8) = 92mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.932*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 121.78mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2

pt = (100*144)/(1000*100) = 0.144% < 0.25%
AITM LKO 2286 28

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ast = (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144 mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
vii) Torsion Steel:

a) Corners with both edges continuous
At = 0
b) Corners with one edge discontinuous
At = (3*179.55)/8 = 67.33mm2
Using 6mm bars
Spacing = (1000*28)/67.33 = 415mm
Provide #6@410mm c/c spacing at corner for distance upto (3.15/5) = 630mm
c) Corners with two edges discontinuous
At = (3*179.55)/4 = 134.66mm2
Using 8mm bars
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/134.66 = 373.23mm
Provide #8@360mm c/c spacing at corners for a upto (3.15/5) = 630mm
viii) Check for Shear:

a) At long continuous edge:
Vumax = (1.2*wu*Lx*β)/(2*β+1)
= (1.2*9*3.05*1.033)/(2*1.033+1)
= 11.098kN
Area of tension steel = 179.55mm2
AITM LKO 2286 29

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Pt = (100*179.55)/(1000*100) = 0.18%
τuc = [0.28+((0.36-0.28)*(0.18-0.15)/0.1]
= 0.304N/mm2
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*.304*1000*100
= 39.52kN >> 11.098kN
b) At long discontinuous edge:
Vumax = (0.9*wu*Lx*β)/(2*β+1)
= (0.9*9*3.05*1.033)/(2*1.033+1)
= 8.324kN
Assuming 50% bars are bent up at support,
Area of tension steel provided = 157/2 = 78.5mm2
Pt = (100*78.55)/(1000*100) = 0.078%
τuc = 0.28N/mm2; k = 1.3
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*0.28*1000*100
= 35.4kN >> 8.34kN
c) At short continuous edge:
Vumax = (1.2*wu*Lx)/3
= (1.2*9*3.05)/3 = 10.94kN
Pt = (100*167.53)/(1000*92)
= 0.182%
AITM LKO 2286 30

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
τuc = [0.28+((0.36-0.28)*(0.182-0.15)/0.1]
= 0.3056N/mm2
Vuc = 1.3*0.3056*1000*92
= 36.55kN >> 10.95kN
d) At short discontinuous edge:
Vumax= (0.9*wu*Lx)/3
= (0.9*9*3.05)/3
=8.235kN
Assuming 50% bars bent up at support;
Pt = (100*78.55)/(1000*100) = 0.078%
τuc = 0.28N/mm2; k = 1.3
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*0.28*1000*100
= 35.4kN >> 8.235kN
9.2.4 BEDROOM 1 SLAB (S5):

i) Depth Consideration:
Lx = 3050mm; Ly = 3415mm
Ly/Lx = (3415/3050) = 1.12 < 2
Thus, a two way slab is to be designed.
Effective length = 3050+230 = 3280mm
L/D = 32;
D = 3280/32 = 102.5mm.
Taking, D= 120mm
AITM LKO 2286 31

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Therefore d = 120-20 = 100mm
Lx = 3150mm; Ly = 3515mm

Dead Load = 25*1*0.12 = 3kN/m
Total Load = 6kN/m

Slab is continuous at two adjacent edges

S M S M S M S M
S5 1.12 89.30 .0544 .041 .047 .035 -4.86 3.66 -4.197 3.125
S6 1.50 20.59 .060 .045 --- .035 -1.235 0.926 ---- 0.721
S4 1.58 20.59 .0779 .0582 .047 .035 -1.604 1.20 0.968 .0.721
Table 9.5
Cantilever moment at the edge of balcony and bedroom slab = 3*0.9352*2.1/2 = 2.754kNm
Moment at the common short edge of slab S4 can be averaged out to be ((4.197+1.235)/2)=
2.72kNm.
Since the negative moment at the support decreases from 4.197 to 2.72, half the difference of the
moment ((4.197-2.72)/2) = 0.74 is added to the span moment, which finally becomes
(3.125+0.74) = 3.865kNm
Moment at the common long edge of slab can be averaged out to be ((4.856+1.604)/2) = 3.23kNm
Since the negative moment at the support decreases from 4.856 to 3.23, half the difference of the
moment ((4.856-3.23)/2) = 0.813kNm is added to the span moment which becomes (3.66+0.813)
= 4.473kNm. Span moment is also decreased by (2.754/2) = 1.377kNm as its cantilevered edge is
assumed to be discontinuous. Thus, giving the final design moment as (4.473-1.377) = 3.096kNm.
AITM LKO 2286 32

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
iv) Reinforcement:
Along Short Span:
At Support:
Mu = 3.60kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast= 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.60*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 101.9 mm2
= (0.12*1000*0.12)/100
= 144 mm2
Use 8mm dia bars;
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/280 = 179.55mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 3.662kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.662*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 103.71mm2
= (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144mm2
AITM LKO 2286 33

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2
Along Long Span:

At Support:
Mu = 2.583kNm d = 92mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*2.583*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 79.22mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/300 = 167.53mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 3.932kN-m; d = (100-8) = 92mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*3.932*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 121.78mm2
AITM LKO 2286 34

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2

pt = (100*179.55)/(1000*100) = 0.18% < 0.25%

Ast = (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144 mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
vii) Torsion Steel:

a) Corners with one discontinuous edge
At = 0.375*179.55
= 67.31mm2
Spacing = (1000*28)/(67.31) = 420mm
Provide Φ6@400mm c/c spacing for a length up to (3050/5) = 610mm
b) Corners with both discontinuous edges:
At = 0.75*179.55
AITM LKO 2286 35

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 134.625mm2
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/134.625 = 373mm
viii) Check for shear:

a) At long continuous edge:
Vumax = (1.2*wu*Lx*β)/(2*β+1)
= (1.2*9*3.05*1.12)/(2*1.12+1)
= 11.387kN
Pt = (100*179.55)/(1000*100) = 0.18%
τuc = [0.28+((0.36-0.28)*(0.18-0.15)/0.1]
= 0.304N/mm2
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*.304*1000*100
= 39.52kN >> 11.387kN
b) At long discontinuous edge:
Vumax = (0.9*wu*Lx*β)/(2*β+1)
= (0.9*9*3.05*1.12)/(2*1.12+1)
= 8.54kN
Assuming 50% bars are bent up at support,
Pt = (100*78.55)/(1000*100) = 0.078%
τuc = 0.28N/mm2; k = 1.3
AITM LKO 2286 36

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*0.28*1000*100
= 35.4kN >> 8.54kN
c) At short continuous edge:
Vumax = (1.2*wu*Lx)/3
= (1.2*9*3.05)/3 = 10.94kN
Pt = (100*167.53)/(1000*92)
= 0.182%
τuc = [0.28+((0.36-0.28)*(0.182-0.15)/0.1]
= 0.3056N/mm2
Vuc = 1.3*0.3056*1000*92
= 36.55kN >> 10.95kN
d) At short discontinuous edge:
Vumax= (0.9*wu*Lx)/3
= (0.9*9*3.05)/3
=8.235kN
Assuming 50% bars bent up at support;
Pt = (100*78.55)/(1000*100) = 0.078%
τuc = 0.28N/mm2; k = 1.3
Vuc = k*τuc*b*d
= 1.3*0.28*1000*100
= 35.4kN >> 8.235kN
AITM LKO 2286 37

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
9.2.5 TOILET TYPE-B SLAB (S6):
Ly = 1500mm; Lx = 2250mm
Ly/Lx = (2250/1500) = 1.5<2
L/D = 40*0.8 = 32
D = 3280/32 = 54mm
Lx = 1500+80 = 1580mm
Ly = 2250+80 = 2380mm

Dead load = 25*1*0.1 = 2.5kN/m
Total Load = 5.5kN/m
Factored Load = 1.5*5.5 = 8.25kN/m

Slab is continuous at one long edges

S M S M S M S M
S6 1.5 20.59 .084 .064 -- .043 -1.73 1.32 -- 0.885
S5 1.12 80.30 .0544 .041 .047 .035 4.368 3.292 -3.774 2.81
Table 9.6
AITM LKO 2286 38

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
The moment over common long edge of slab S6 can be averaged out to be ((1.73+3.774)/2=)
2.75kNm.
Since the negative moment at support of slab S6 increases from 1.73 to 2.75, half the difference of
the moment ((2.75-1.73)/2=) 0.51 is subtracted from the span moment of S6 which becomes (1.32-
0.51) = 0.81kNm.
iv) Reinforcement:
Along Short Span:
At Support:
Mu = 2.75kN-m; d = 80mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast= 0.5*20*1000*80*[1-√{1-((4.6*2.75*106)/(20*1000*802))}]/415
= 97.73 mm2
= (0.12*1000*0.12)/100
= 144 mm2
Use 8mm dia bars;
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/300 = 167.53mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 0.81kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
AITM LKO 2286 39

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*80*[1-√{1-((4.6*0.81*106)/(20*1000*802))}]/415
= 28.26mm2
= (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2
Along Long Span:

At Mid span:
Mu = 0.885kN-m; d = (80-8) = 72mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*72*[1-√{1-((4.6*0.885*106)/(20*1000*722))}]/415
= 34.40mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2
AITM LKO 2286 40

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
pt = (100*144)/(1000*100) = 0.144% < 0.25%

Ast = (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144 mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
vii) Torsion Steel:

a) Corners with one edge discontinuous
At = (3*167.55)/8 = 62.824mm2
Using 6mm bars
Spacing = (1000*28)/62.823 = 445mm
Provide #6@410mm c/c spacing at corner for distance upto (1500/5) = 300mm
c) Corners with two edges discontinuous
At = (3*167.53)/4 = 125.65mm2
Using 8mm bars
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/125.65 = 400mm
Provide #8@360mm c/c spacing at corners for a upto (1500/5) = 300mm
9.2.6 DRAWING ROOM SLAB(S7):
AITM LKO 2286 41

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ly = 5500mm; Lx = 3150mm
Ly/Lx = (5500/3150) = 1.74<2
L/D = 40*0.8 = 32
D = 3380/32 = 105.62mm
Lx = 3150+100 = 3250mm
Ly = 5500+100 = 5600mm

Dead load = 25*1*0.12 = 3kN/m
Total Load = 6kN/m

Slab is continuous at one edge.

S M S M S M S M
S7 1.74 95.06 ---- .0764 0.057 .043 ----- 7.263 -5.418 4.088
S8 1.02 92.16 .0584 .044 ------ .043 -5.382 4.055 ----- 3.963
Table 9.7
AITM LKO 2286 42

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Cantilever moment at the edge of the balcony & drawing room slab = (3*0.9352*3.03)/2 =
3.98kN
The moment over common short edge of slab S7 can be averaged out to be ((5.418+5.382)/2=)
5.40kNm.
Since the negative moment at support of slab S7 decreases from 5.418 to 5.40, half the difference
of the moment ((5.418-5.4)/2=) 0.009 is added to the span moment of S3 which becomes
(4.088+0.009) = 4.097kNm.
Span moment is also decreased by (3.98/2)= 1.99kNm as the cantilevered edge is assumed to be
discontinuous. Thus, final fpan moment becomes (4.097-1.99) = 2.107kNm
iv) Reinforcement:
Along Short Span:
At Mid span:
Mu = 7.263kN-m; d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*100*[1-√{1-((4.6*7.263*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 221.63mm2
= (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/221.63 = 226.77mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/220 = 228.45mm2
AITM LKO 2286 43

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Along Long Span:
At Support:
Mu = 5.418kNm d = 100mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*5.418*106)/(20*1000*1002))}]/415
= 155.13mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/155.13 = 323.98 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/300 = 167.53mm2
At Mid span:
Mu = 2.107kN-m; d = (100-8) = 92mm
[ √{ ( )}]
Ast
Ast = 0.5*20*1000*92*[1-√{1-((4.6*2.107*106)/(20*1000*922))}]/415
= 121.78mm2
Use 8mmdia bars;
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/144 = 350 mm
Area provided = (1000*50.26)/320 = 157mm2
AITM LKO 2286 44

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
pt = (100*144)/(1000*100) = 0.144% < 0.25%

Ast = (0.12*1000*120)/100 = 144 mm2
Spacing
= (1000*50.26)/144 = 350mm
vii) Torsion Steel:

a) Corners with one edge discontinuous
At = (3*228.45)/8 = 85.67mm2
Using 6mm bars
Spacing = (1000*28)/85.67 = 326.83mm
Provide #6@320mm c/c spacing at corner for distance upto (3150/5) = 630mm
b) Corners with two edges discontinuous
At = (3*228.45)/4 = 171.34mm2
Using 8mm bars
Spacing = (1000*50.26)/171.34 = 293.33mm
Provide #8@280mm c/c spacing at corners for a upto (3150/5) = 630mm
AITM LKO 2286 45

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
9.3 DESIGN OF BEAMS
9.3.1 Beam 1 (Kitchen):
Dead load (DL): 0.5 *2.25 *1.125*25 = 31.640 kN/m,
Live load (LL): 0.5*2.25*1.125*2 = 1.125 kN/m,
Floor finish (F.F): 0.5*2.25*1.125*1 = 0.5625 kN/m,
Self-weight of the beam: 25*0.3*0.23 = 1.725 kN/m.
Total load: 35.007 kN/m.
Factored load: 1.5*1.725 = 52.583 kN/m,
Bending moment: wl2/8 = 33.27*106.
xu = 0.48d = 0.45 x 250 = 120 mm.
BM = 0.36* fck *xa*b*(d – 0.42xa)
33.2746 x 106 = 0.36*25*xa*230* (250 – 0.42xa)
xa = 102.389mm.
Check: xa < xu. Hence ok.
BM = 0.87*fy *Ast(d – 0.42xa)
Ast = 445.23 mm2.
No. of bars = Ast/(п*d2/4)
No. of bars = 445.23/113 = 3.94 = 4
Provide 4 Φ12 mm longitudinal bars.
Anchorage bars:
Load at centre of support = (52.58*0.27) = 14.2kN
AITM LKO 2286 46

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Assuming a clear cover of 20 mm
Effective depth d = 300-20-12/2 = 274 mm
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*445.83)/(0.36*20*230)
= 97 mm < xm
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*122(274-0.42*97)/4
= 9.52*106 Nmm
For M20 grade τbd = 1.2 N/mm2. It can be increased by 60% in case of TOR bars.
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
= 47Φ
Bars are given 90 bend at the center of support, its anchorage value;
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*9.52*106)/(14.2*1000)+96
≤ 967.55
Φ ≤ 20.58mm
Since, actual dia of bars are less than this, hence development length is satisfied.
Shear Reinforcement:
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*452.4)/(230*300)
= 0.60%
For Fe250 and p = 0.60%
AITM LKO 2286 47

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
τc = 0.48+(0.56-0.48)*.15/0.25
= 0.528 N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = (118.31*1000)/ (230*300)
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
τc < τv < τcmax provide shear reinforcement.
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (118.31*1000)-(0.528*230*300)
= 49310 N
Adopt 8mm 2 legged vertical stirrups
Asv = 2*п*122/4 = 100.52 mm2
Spacing;
x = (0.87*fy*Asv*d)/Vus
= (0.87*250*100.52)/49310
= 132.98mm
According to IS 456:2000
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Min. reinforcement:
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*230*132.98)/(0.87*250)
≥ 54.25 mm2
A 2-legged stirrrup 8mm diameter at 130mm c/c spacing satisfies all the requirements of the code.
AITM LKO 2286 48

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
9.3.2 Beam 2 (Kitchen + passageway):
Dead load (DL):
= 0.5 x (3 + 0.75) x 1.125 x 25 + 0.5 x 3 x 1.5 x 25 = 108.98kN/m,
Live load (LL):
= 0.5 x 3.75 x 1.125 x 2 + 0.5 x 3 x 1.5 x 3 = 10.125 kN = 10.97/3 = 3.38 kN/m,
Floor finishes (F.F):
= 0.5 x 3.75 x1.125 x 1 + 0.5 x 3 x 1.5 x 1
= 2.11 + 2.25 = 4.36/3 = 1.45 kN/m,
Self-weight of the beam:
= 25 x 0.6 x 0.115 = 1.725 kN/m.
Total load = 115.82 kN/m.
Factored load = 1.5 x 115.82 = 117.73 kN/m,
Bending moment = wl2/8
= (117.73*32)/8 = 132.44 kNm
Mu = 0.138 x fck x b x d2,
= 0.138 x 25 x 115 x 5502,
= 120.016kNm
Mu < BM, do
double reinforced section.
Ast1 = 754.43 mm2
Provide 3-16mm diameter bars and 2 8mm diameter bars
Additional BM = 12.424 kNm,
12.24 x 106 = 0.87 x fy x Ast2 x (d-d’)
Ast2 = 387.296 mm2.
AITM LKO 2286 49

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Provide 3-12 mm and 1-10 mm longitudinal reinforcement bars.
Esc = (0.48d – d’)/0.48d – 0.0035
= 0.0026898
So, stress in compression steel fsc = 349.97 N/mm2,
Compression steel: BM – Mu = (fsc – 0.45fck) x Asc x (d-d’)
Asc = 414.44 mm2.
Anchorage bars:
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*387.296)/(0.36*20*115)
= 168.88 mm < xm (0.48*550 = 264)
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*122(574-0.42*168.88)/4
=20.54 *106 Nmm
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
= 47Φ
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
AITM LKO 2286 50

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*20.54*106)/(31.78*1000)+96
≤ 936.21
Φ ≤ 20mm
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*387.296)/(115*600)
= 0.56%
For Fe250 and p = 0.56%
τc = 0.48+(0.56-0.48)*.06/0.25
= 0.50 N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = ((173.73*3)*1000)/ (115*600)
= 1.72 N/mm
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (118.31*1000)-(0.528*230*300)
= 139230 N
Asv = 2*п*82/4 = 100.52 mm2
Spacing;
AITM LKO 2286 51

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= (0.87*250*100.52*574)/139230
= 90.13mm
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Min. reinforcement:
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*115*90.13)/(0.87*250)
≥ 19.06 mm2
A 2-legged 8mm diameter stirrup at 90mm c/c spacing satisfies all the requirements of the code.
9.3.3 Beam 3(Kitchen+passageway):
Dead load (DL):
=0.5 x 2.25 x 1.125 x 25 + 0.5 x 1.575 x (3.5 + 0.35) x 25
=31.64 + 75.80 = 107.44 kN/m,
Live load (LL)
= 0.5 x 2.25 x 1.125 x 2 + 0.5 x 1.575 x 3.85 x 3
= 2.53 + 9.10 = 11.63/2.25
= 5.17 kN/m,
Floor finishes (F.F)
=0.5 x 2.25 x 1.125 x 1 + 0.5 x 1.575 x 3.85 x 1
= 1.265 + 3.302
= 4.297 / 2.25 = 1.91 kN/m,
AITM LKO 2286 52

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Self-weight of the beam
=25 x 0.6 x 0.23 = 3.45 kN/m.
= (176.95*2.252)/8
= 111.97 kNm
BM = 0.36* fck *xa*b*(d – 0.42xa)
111.97 x 106 = 0.36*25*xa*230* (550 – 0.42xa)
xa =107.7 mm.
BM = 0.87*fy *Ast(d – 0.42xa)
Ast = 614.4mm2.
Provide 6-12mm longitudinal bars
Anchorage bars:
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*614.4)/(0.36*20*230)
= 133.95 mm < xm (0.48*550 = 264)
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*122(574-0.42*133.95)/4
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
=21.14 *106 Nmm
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
= 47Φ
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*21.14*106)/(47.77*1000)+96
≤ 671.4
Φ ≤ 14mm
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*614.4)/(230*600)
= 0.44%
For Fe250 and p = 0.44%
τc = 0.36+(0.48-0.36)*(.44-0.25)/.25
= 0.451 N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = ((176.95*2.25)*1000)/ (230*600)
= 1.72 N/mm
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
AITM LKO 2286 54

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (176.95*2.25*1000)-(0.44*230*300)
= 139230 N
Asv = 2*п*82/4 = 100.52 mm2
Spacing;
= (0.87*250*100.52*574)/139230
= 90.13mm
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Min. reinforcement:
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*115*90.13)/(0.87*250)
≥ 19.06 mm2
9.3.4 Beam 4 (kitchen+bedroom2):

Dead load (DL):
= 0.5 x 3.75 x 1.125 x 25 + 0.5 x 3.25 x 1.525 x 25 = 114.68 kN/m,
Live load (LL):
=0.5 x 3.75 x 1.125 x 2 + 0.5 x 3.25 x 1.525 x 2 = 9.18 kN
AITM LKO 2286 55

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 9.18 / 3.15 = 2.914 kN/m,
Floor finishes (F.F):
0.5 x 3.75 x 1.5 x 1 + 0.5 x 3.75 1.525 x 1 = 5.672/3.15
= 1.456 kN/m,
Self-weight of the beam:
25 x 0.115 x 0.6 = 1.725 kN/m.
Factored load = 1.5 x 120.81 = 181.17kN/m,
= (181.17*3.152)/8 = 221.74 kNm
Mu = 0.138 x fck x b x d2,
= 0.138 x 25 x 115 x 5502
= 120.016kNm
Mu < BM, double reinforced section.
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast1*(d-(0.48*xu))
120*106= 0.87*415*Ast1*(550-(0.48*550))
Ast1 = 1162 mm2
Provide 4-16mm and 3-12mm longitudinal bars
Additional BM = 101.74 kNm,
101.74 x 106 = 0.87 x fy x Ast2 x (d-d’)
Ast2 = 552.53mm2
Provide 3-12 mm longitudinal reinforcement bars.
Esc = (0.48d – d’)/0.48d – 0.0035
= 0.0026898
AITM LKO 2286 56

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
So, stress in compression steel fsc = 349.97 N/mm2,
Compression steel: BM – Mu = (fsc – 0.45fck) x Asc x (d-d’)
Asc = 414.44 mm2.
9.3.5 Beam 5 (bedroom 2 + toilet type A):

Dead load (DL):
=0.5 x 3.05 x 1.525 x 25 + 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 x 25 = 72.202 kN/m,
Live load (LL)
= 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.75 + 0.5 x 3.05 x 1.525 = 1.893 kN/m,
0.5 x 3.05 x 1.525 x 1 + 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.865 x 1 = 2.888/3.05 = 0.947 kN/m,
Self-weight of the beam: 25 x 0.6 x 0.23 = 3.45 kN/m.
Total load= 78.5 kN/m.
Factored load= 1.5 x 78.5 = 117.75 kN/m,
Bending moment = wl2/8.
= (117.75*3.052)/8 = 136.92 kNm
BM = 0.36* fck *xa*b*(d – 0.42xa)
136.92 x 106 = 0.36*25*xa*230* (550 – 0.42xa)
xa = 133.96mm
BM = 0.87*fy *Ast(d – 0.42xa)
Ast = 768.07 mm2.
No. of bars = Ast/(п*d2/4)
AITM LKO 2286 57

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
No. of bars = 768/201 = 3.82 = 4
Provide 4 Φ16 mm longitudinal bars
Anchorage bars:
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*768)/(0.36*20*230)
= 167.44 mm < xm
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*162(574-0.42*167.44)/4
= 36.56*106 Nmm
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
= 47Φ
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*36.56*106)/(31.8*1000)+96
≤ 1601
Φ ≤ 34mm
AITM LKO 2286 58

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*768)/(230*600)
= 0.55%
For Fe250 and p = 0.55%
τc = 0.48+(0.56-0.48)*.05/0.25
= 0.496 N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = (*1000)/ (230*300)
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (356.85*1000)-(0.496*230*600)
= 288402 N
Asv = 2*п*82/4 = 100.52 mm2
Spacing;
= (0.87*250*100.52)/49310
= 41.69mm
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Min. reinforcement:
AITM LKO 2286 59

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*230*132.98)/(0.87*250)
≥ 54.25 mm2
Though a 2-legged 8mm diameter stirrup at 40mm c/c spacing satisfies all the requirements of the
code, the minimum spacing should 100mm.
Therefore providing a 2-legged 8mm diameter stirrup at 100 mm c/c spacing
9.3.6 Beam 7 (toilet type A)
Dead load (DL)
= 0.5 x 2.365 x 0.75 x 25 = 22.172 kN/m,
Live load (LL)
= 0.5 x 2.365 x 0.75 x 2 = 1.125/2.365 = 0.75 kN/m,
= 0.5 x 2.365 x 0.75 x 1 = 0.887/2.365 = 0.375 kN/m,
= 25 x 0.3 x 0.23 = 1.725 kN/m.
Total load= 23.297 kN/m.
= (34.95*2.3652)/8 = 24.43170 kNm.
Xu = 0.48d = 0.45 x 250 = 120 mm.
BM = 0.36 x fck x Xa x b x (d – 0.42Xa)
24.43170 x 106 = 0.36 x 25 x Xa x 230 x (250 – 0.42Xa)
Xa = 51.700mm.
AITM LKO 2286 60

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Check: Xa < Xu. Hence ok.
BM = 0.87x fy x Ast(d – 0.42Xa)
Ast = 296.4124 mm2.
Using 12 mm diameter bars
No. of bars = 296.4124/113 = 2.62 say 3
Provide: 3-12 mm longitudinal reinforcement bars
Anchorage bars:
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*296.41)/(0.36*20*230)
= 64.62 mm < xm
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*122(274-0.42*64.62)/4
= 10.08*106 Nmm
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
= 47Φ
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*10.08*106)/(9.35*1000)+96
AITM LKO 2286 61

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
≤ 1497.5
Φ ≤ 32mm
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*296.41)/(230*300)
= 0.43%
For Fe250 and p = 0.60%
τc = 0.36+(0.48-0.36)*.18/0.25
= 0.446 N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = (81.93*1000)/ (230*300)
= 1.18 N/mm2
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (81.93*1000)-(0.446*230*300)
= 51156 N
Asv = 2*п*122/4 = 100.52 mm2
Spacing;
= (0.87*250*100.52*250)/51156
AITM LKO 2286 62

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 106.84mm
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Min. reinforcement:
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*230*106.84)/(0.87*250)
≥ 45.20 mm2
9.3.7 Beam 8 (toilet type A):

Dead load (DL)
= 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 x 25 = 14.03 kN/m,
Live load (LL)
= 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 x 2 = 1.125/1.5 = 0.75 kN/m,
= 0.5 x 1.5 x 0.75 x 1 = 0.5625/1.5 = 0.375 kN/m,
= 25 x 0.3 x 0.23 = 1.725 kN/m.
Total load: 16.051 kN/m.
Factored load: 1.5 x 16.051 = 24.076 kN/m,
= (24.076*1.52)/8 = 6.771375 kNm.
Xu = 0.48d = 0.45 x 250 = 120 mm.
AITM LKO 2286 63

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
BM = 0.36 x fck x Xa x b x (d – 0.42Xa)
6.771375 x 106 = 0.36 x 25 x Xa x 230 x (250 – 0.42Xa)
Xa = 13.385mm.
Check: Xa < Xu. Hence ok.
BM = 0.87x fy x Ast(d – 0.42Xa)
6.77*106 = 0.87*415*Ast*(250 – 0.42*13.38)
Ast = 76.74 mm2
Using 10 mm diameter bar
No. of bar = 76.74/78 = 0.98
Say 1 bar
Provide: 1-10 mm longitudinal reinforcement bars.
Anchorage bars:
x = (0.87*fy*Ast)/(0.36*fck*b)
= (0.87*415*76.74)/(0.36*20*230)
= 16.73 mm < xm
M1 = 0.87*fy*At(d-0.42*x)
= 0.87*415*п*102(274-0.42*16.73)/4
= 7.57*106 Nmm
Ld = [(0.87*fy)/(4*τbd)]Φ
= [(0.87*415)/(4*1.2)]Φ
AITM LKO 2286 64

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 47Φ
L0 = 8Φ = 8*12 = 96mm
Ld ≤ (1.3*M1/V)+L0
47Φ ≤ (1.3*7.57*106)/(6.5*1000)+96
≤ 1610.5
Φ ≤ 34mm
P = (100*Ast)/(b*d)
= (100*76.74)/(230*300)
= 0.11%
For Fe250 and p = 0.11%
τc = 0.28N/mm2
τv = Vu/ (b*d)
τv = (36.11*1000)/ (230*300)
= 0.52 N/mm2
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Vus = Vu - τc*b*d
= (36.11*1000)-(0.28*230*300)
= 16790 N
Asv = 2*п*122/4 = 100.52 mm2
AITM LKO 2286 65

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Spacing;
= (0.87*250*100.52*250)/51156
= 325mm
x ≤300
≤ 0.75*d (=225mm)
Hence provide spacing of 225mm
Min. reinforcement:
Ao≥ (0.4*b*x)/(0.87*fy)
≥ (0.4*230*106.84)/(0.87*250)
≥ 45.20 mm2
A 2-legged 8mm diameter stirrup at 225mm c/c spacing satisfies the code requirements.
9.4 DESIGN OF COLUMNS:

9.4.1 Column 1 (B1+B2+B16):
Pu = 59.16+260.60+172.08 = 491.84 kN
Effective height 3 m
Pu = 0.4 x fck x Ac + 0.67 x fy x Asc
Provide 0.8% steel.
491.84 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (Ag – 0.008Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 x Ag
491.84 x 103 = 12.144 Ag
Ag = 40499.32497 mm2
Longitudinal steel:
Let ‘a’ be the sides of square column
AITM LKO 2286 66

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Ag = a2
a = √40499 = 201mm
Providing 220*220 mm column
Area of longitudinal Steel = 0.008 x 40499.32 = 324 mm2
Use 4-12 mm bars
Lateral Ties:
Pitch p < 500 mm,
< 16 υL
< 300 mm.
Adopt a pitch of 250 mm c/c.
AITM LKO 2286 67

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Fig. 9.1
9.4.2 Column 2 (B3 + B2):

Pu = 196.54 + 260.6 = 457.14 kN
Provide 1.0% steel
457.14 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (Ag – 0.01Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.01x Ag
457.14 x 103 = 12.6805 Ag
Ag = 36050.62892 mm2
Longitudinal steel:
Ag = a2
a = √36050.63 =189.99mm
Provide 220*220mm column.
Area of longitudinal Steel = 0.01 x 36050.62892 = 360.50 mm2.
Provide 4-12 mm longitudinal bars

Lateral Ties:
Pitch p < 500 mm,
< 16 υL
< 300 mm.
9.3.3 Column 3 (B1+B5+B4):

Pu = (59.16+175.62+285.34)
= 520.12 kN
AITM LKO 2286 68

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Provide 0.8% steel.
520.12 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (Ag – 0.008Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008x Ag
520.12 x 103 = 12.14 Ag
Ag = 42843.50 mm2
Longitudinal steel
Let ‘a’ be the sides of square
Ag = a2
A = √42843.5 = 207 mm2
Provide 220*220
Area of longitudinal Steel: 0.008 x 42843.5 = 342.75 mm2.

Lateral Ties:
Pitch p < 500 mm,
< 16 υL
< 300 mm.
9.4.4 Column 5 (B5+B9+B10) :

Effective height 3 m.
Pu = 546.6 kN
Provide 0.8% steel.
546.6x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (Ag – 0.008Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 x Ag
AITM LKO 2286 69

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
546.657x 103 = 12.144 Ag
Ag = 45029.65 mm2
Longitudinal steel:
Ag = a2
A =√45029.65 = 212.21mm
Provide 220*220mm column
Area of longitudinal Steel: 0.008 x 45029.65= 360.24mm2.
Use 4-12 mm mm bars of giving 383 mm2 area
Lateral Ties:
Pitch p < 500 mm,
< 16 υL
< 300 mm.
Adopt a pitch of 250 mm c/c
9.4.5 Column 6 (B7+B8) :

Effective height of a column effectively held in position at both ends and restrained against
rotation at one end = 0.80 L
= 0.80 x 300 = 240 cm
Slenderness ratio = 240/30 = 8 < 12 hence short column
Minimum eccentricity emin = l/500 + D/30 = 320/500 + 30/30
= 1.97cm < 20 cm
Also, 0.05 D = 0.05 x 300 = 15 mm < emin
Hence the strength of column section is given by,
AITM LKO 2286 70

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
78.43 x 1000 = 0.4 x 25 (π/4 x 3002 – Asc) + 0.67 x 415 x Asc
Asc = 1830 mm2
Minimum steel = 0.8% = 0.8/100 x π/4 x 3002 = 566 mm2
< Asc
Use 6-20 mm bars
Adopt 6 mm ties,
Pitch ≤ 400 mm
≤ 16 υL (16 x 20 = 320 mm)
≤ 300 mm
Adopt pitch of lateral ties as 300 mm c/c.
9.4.6 Column 7 (B8+B9+B11):

Provide 0.8% steel.
287.86 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (Ag – 0.008Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 x Ag
287.86 x 103 = 12.144 Ag
Ag = 23703.88669 mm2
Longitudinal steel
Let ‘a’ be the sides of the square column
Ag = a2
a = √23703.87 = 157.98mm
Provide 220*220mm column
Area of longitudinal Steel: 0.008 x 23703.88669 = 189.63 mm2.
AITM LKO 2286 71

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Lateral Ties:
Pitch p < 500 mm,
< 16 υL
< 300 mm.
9.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Bearing capacity of soil = 135kN/m2
Assume self- weight of footing = 10% of load coming from column
Size of column = 0.3*0.3m2
i) Load Consideration:
Load from column = 520Kn
Total load = 520 + (0.1*520)
= 572 kN
Area of footing = load/bearing capacity
= 572/135 = 4.24m2
Let b be the projection of footing from the face of column
Sides of footing = (0.22+2*b)
Equating both the area:
(0.22+2*b)2 = 4.24
4b2+1.2b-4.15 = 0
b= 0.92m = 0.9m
L = B = (0.22+(2*0.9)) = 2.02 m
Area of footing = 2.022 =4.08 m2
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
ii) Depth Calculation:
Net upward pressure P = 572/4.08
= 140.2 Kn/m2
Muxx = P*L*(L-b)2/8
= (140.2*2.02*(2.02-0.9)2)/8
= 44.41kNm
Factored moment = 44.41*1.5 = 66.61 kNm
Muxx = 0.136σck*b*d2
66.61*106 = 0.136*20*2100*d2
d = 110mm
Adopting overall depth D= 160mm and effective depth d = 110mm
iii) Reinforcement:
BM = 0.87*σy*At*(d – (σy*At/σck*b))
66.61*106 = 0.87*415*At*(110 – (415*At/20*220))
0.094At2 – 110At + 184489.68 = 0
At = 585.1mm2
Poviding 12mm diameter bars
Spacing = 1000*113/585 = 193.2mm
Providing Φ12@190mm c/c spacing
iv) Check for one way shear:

The critical section for one way shear is considered at distance d from the face of the column
Shear Force at critical section:
Vu = P*[{(B-b)/2}-d]*B
= 140.2*[{(2.02-0.9)/2}-0.11]*2.02
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 127.44kN
τv = Vu/(B*d)
= (127.44*103)/(2020*110)
= 0.574N/mm2
Pt = (100*585)/(2020*110)
= 0.263%
For pt = 0.263% and M20;
τc = 0.36+((0.48-0.36)/0.25)*(0.263-0.25)
= 0.366 N/mm2
τv> τc
Depth is safe in one way shear.
v) Check for two way shear:

The critical section for two way shear is considered at distance d/2 from the periphery of face of
column
Shear force at critical section:
Vu = P*(B2-(b+d)2)
= 140.2*(2.022 – (0.9+0.11)2)
= 429.05 Kn
Perimeter b0 = 4*(b+d)
= 4*(0.9+0.11)
= 4.04 m
τv’ = Vu’/ (b0*d)
AITM LKO 2286 74

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
τc’ = Ks*τc
Ks = 0.5+β
β=1
Ks = 1+0.5 = 1.5>1
Ks = 1
τc = 0.25√σck
= 0.25√20
= 1.12 N/mm2
τv’ = τc’
429*103/(4040*d) = 1.12
d = 94.81mm <100mm
Hence the depth is safe in two way shear as well.
Thus adopting overall depth D = 160mm
and effective depth d = 110mm
AITM LKO 2286 75

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 10
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
10.1 BEAM 1 (2.25*0.6):

Main steel bar 12mmΦ
Anchor bar 12 mmΦ
Stirrups 8mmΦ
1. MAIN STEEL BAR:
No. of bars = 4
L = clear span + bearing
= 2.25+0.27 = 2.52 m
Total length of bar = 2.52+ 47Φ
= 2.52 + 47*0.012
= 3.08 m
2. STIRRUP 8mmΦ@130mm c/c spacing
No. of stirrups at 50 mm c/c at end = 2
No. of stirrups at 130mm c/c in b/w = (2520-100)/130
= 18.6 = 19
Total no of stirrups = 19+2
= 21
Length of stirrup = 2*(250+170) + 30 extra
= 0.87 m
AITM LKO 2286 76

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Sr. Description Shape Length No. Total Wt./m Total
no. length wt.
1. Main steel 3.08m 4 12.32m 0.89 10.96kg
bar 12mm
2. Stirrups 0.87m 21 1.83m 0.4 0.732

8mm @
130mm c/c
Total: 11.70 kg
Table 10.1
10.2 BEAM 2 (3*0.6):

Main steel bar in tension 18mmΦ, 12mmΦ and 10mmΦ
Main steel bar in compression 12mmΦ and 10mmΦ
Stirrups 8mmΦ
1. MAIN STEEL BAR IN TENSION:
No. of bars = 3-18mmΦ, 3-12mmΦ, 1-10mmΦ
= 3+0.22 = 3.22 m
Total length of bar 1 = 3.22+47Φ
= 3.22 + 47*0.018
= 4.07 m
Total length of bar 2 = 3.22 + 47*0.012
= 3.78m
Total length of bar 3 = 3.22+ 47*0.01
= 3.69 m
AITM LKO 2286 77

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 32.22 = 33
= 35
= 1.47 m

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 4.07m 3 12.21m 1.58 19.30kg
bar 18mm
2. Main steel 3.78m 3 11.34m 0.89 10.1kg

bar 12mm
3. Main steel 3.69m 1 3.69m 0.62 2.29kg

bar 10mm
4. Stirrups 1.47m 35 51.45m 0.4 20.58kg

8mm @
130mm c/c
Total: 52.27 kg
Table 10.2
10.3 BEAM 3 (2.25*0.6):

Stirrups 8mmΦ
1. MAIN STEEL BAR:
No. of bars = 6
= 2.25+0.27 = 2.52 m
AITM LKO 2286 78

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Total length of bar = 2.52+47Φ
= 2.52 + 47*0.012
= 3.08 m
= 27
= 29
= 1.47 m

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 3.08m 6 18.5m 0.89 16.46kg
bar 12mm
2. Stirrups 1.47m 29 42.63m 0.4 17.05kg

8mm @
130mm c/c
Total: 33.51kg
Table 10.3
10.4 BEAM 5 (3.05*0.6) :

Stirrups 8mmΦ
1. MAIN STEEL BAR:
No. of bars = 4
AITM LKO 2286 79

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 3.05+0.22 = 3.27 m
= 3.27 + 47*0.016
= 4.02 m
= 29.5 = 30
= 32
Length of stirrup = 2*(550+170) + 30 extra = 1.47 m

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 4.02m 4 16.08m 1.58 25.41kg
bar 16mm
2. Stirrups 1.47m 32 47.04m 0.4 18.82kg

8mm @
130mm c/c
Total: 44.23kg
Table 10.4
10.5 BEAM 7(2.365*0.3)

Stirrups 8mmΦ @ 100mm c/c spacing
1. MAIN STEEL BAR:
No. of bars = 3
AITM LKO 2286 80

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 2.365+0.22 = 2.585 m
= 2.585 + 47*0.012
= 3.15 m
= 22.65 = 23
Total no of stirrups = 23+2 = 25
= 0.87 m

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 3.15m 3 9.45m 0.89 8.41kg
bar 12mm
2. Stirrups 0.87m 25 21.75m 0.4 8.7kg

8mm @
100mm c/c
Total: 17.11kg
Table 10.5
10.6 BEAM 8 (1.5*0.3):

Stirrups 8mmΦ @ 225mm c/c spacing
1. MAIN STEEL BAR:
No. of bars = 1
AITM LKO 2286 81

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 1.5+0.22 = 1.72 m
= 1.72 + 47*0.012
= 2.28 m
= 6.22 = 7
Total no of stirrups = 7+2 =9
= 0.87 m

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 2.28m 1 2.28m 0.62 1.41kg
bar 10mm
2. Stirrups 0.87m 9 7.83m 0.4 3.13kg

8mm @
100mm c/c
Total: 4.54kg
Table 10.6
10.7 COLUMN:
1. 12mmΦ bar in base footing
2. 12 mmΦ bar in column
3. 6mmΦ tie bars @ 250mm c/c spacing
1. Base footing
AITM LKO 2286 82

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
6 bars 12 mmΦ
Total no. of bars = 6+6 = 12
Total length of bars = 1.98+ 2 hooks
= 1.98 + (18*0.012) = 2.196mm
2. Vertical bars
No. of bars = 4
Total length of bar = 3+0.4+0.2+0.2 = 3.8 m
3. Tie bars
No. of ties = 3000/250 = 12
Length = (4*180) + (24*0.06)
= 721.44mm = 0.73m

no. length wt.
1. Footing bar 2.196m 6 13.18m 0.89 11.73kg
12mm
2. Vertical bar 3.8m 4 15.2m 0.89 13.53kg

12mm
3. Tie bar 0.72m 12 8.64m 0.22 1.9kg

6mm @
250mm c/c
Total: 27.16kg
Table 10.7
10.8 SLAB S1 (3*2.25):

1. MAIN STEEL BAR ALONG SHORT SPAN
i) At support:
AITM LKO 2286 83

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Main bar of 8mm @ 280 c/c
Length L = 2.25 – clear cover
= 2.25 – 0.5 = 1.75m
Total length of main bar = 1.75+ 2 hooks
= 1.75 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.894 m
No. of bars = 230/280 = 0.82 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 2.25 – 0.5 = 1.75m
= 1.75 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.894 m
No. of bars = 3000/(2*300) = 5
2. MAIN STEEL BAR ALONG LONG SPAN
i) At mid span:
Length L = 3 – clear cover
= 3 – 0.5 = 2.5m
= 2.5 + (2*9*0.08)
= 3.94 m
No. of bars = 2250/(2*320) = 3.52 = 4
AITM LKO 2286 84

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
3. DISTRIBUTION BAR :
= 3 – 0.5 = 2.5m
= 2.5 + (2*9*0.08)
= 3.94 m
No. of bars = 2250/(2*350) = 3.2 = 4
4. TORSION STEEL:
Length of bar = 470 mm
No. of bars in one direction at one corner = 470/520 = 0.9 = 1
Total bars in both directions at four corners = 2*4 = 8

no. length wt.
1. Main steel 1.894m (1+5) 11.364m 0.39 4.43kg
bar 8mm
(short span)
2. Main steel 3.94m 4 15.76m 0.39 6.15kg
bar 8mm
(long span)
3. Distribution 3.94m 4 15.76m 0.39 6.15kg
bar 8mm
3. Torsion bar 0.47m 8 3.76m 0.22 0.83kg

8mm @
520mm c/c
Total: 17.56kg
Table 10.8
AITM LKO 2286 85

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
10.9 SLAB 2 (6.5*3):
1. MAIN STEEL BAR MIDDLE OF OUTER SPAN
= 3 – 0.5 = 2.5m
= 2.5 + (2*9*0.08) = 3.94 m
No. of bars = 3250/230 = 14.1 = 15
2. MAIN STEEL BAR AT INTERIOR SUPPORT
= 3 – 0.5 = 2.5m
= 2.5 + (2*9*0.08)
= 3.94 m
No. of bars = 230/180*2 = 0.64 = 1
= 6.5 – 0.5 = 6m
Total length of main bar = 6+ 2 hooks
= 6 + (2*9*0.06)
= 7.08 m
No. of bars = 3000/(2*150) = 10
AITM LKO 2286 86

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
no. length wt.
1. Main steel 3.94m 15 59.1m 0.39 23.05kg
bar 8mm
(middle
outer span)
2. Main steel 3.94m 1 3.94m 0.39 1.54kg
bar 8mm
(interior
support)
bar 6mm
Total: 40.18kg
Table 10.9
10.10 SLAB S3 (3.15*3.05):

i) At support:
Length L = 3.05– clear cover
= 3.05 – 0.5 = 2.55m
= 2.55 + (2*9*0.08)
= 2.69 m
No. of bars = 230/280 = 0.82 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 3.05 – 0.5 = 2.55m
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 2.55 + (2*9*0.08)= 2.69 m
No. of bars = 3150/(2*320) = 4.92 = 5
i) At support:
= 3.15 – 0.5 = 2.65m
Total length of main bar = 2.65 + 2 hooks
= 2.65 + (2*9*0.08) = 2.79 m
No. of bars = 230/300 = 0.77 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 3.15 – 0.5 = 2.65m
= 2.65 + (2*9*0.08) = 2.79m
No. of bars = 3050/(2*320) = 4.76 = 5
= 3.15 – 0.5 = 2.55m
= 2.55+ (2*9*0.08)
= 2.69 m
AITM LKO 2286 88

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
No. of bars = 3150/(2*350) = 4.5 = 5
4. TORSION STEEL:
Corners with one edge discontinuous:
No. of bars in one direction at one corner = 630/(2*410) = 0.77 = 1
Total bars in both directions at two corners = 2*2 = 4
Corners with two edges discontinuous:
Total bars in both directions at one corner = 2*1 = 2

no. length wt.
1. Main steel bar 2.69m (1+5) 16.14m 0.39 6.30kg
8mm
(short span)
2. Main steel bar 8mm 2.79m (1+5) 16.74m 0.39 6.53kg
(long span)
3. Distribution bar 2.79m 5 13.95m 0.39 5.44kg

8mm
4. Torsion bar (one 0.63m 4 2.52m 0.22 .554kg

edge discontinuous)
6mm @ 410mm c/c
5. Torsion bar (two 0.63m 2 1.26m 0.39 0.49kg

edges
discontinuous) 8mm
@ 360mm c/c
Total: 19.31kg
Table 10.10
AITM LKO 2286 89

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
10.11 SLAB S5 (3.415*3.05):
i) At support:
= 3.05 – 0.5 = 2.55m
= 2.55 + (2*9*0.08)
= 2.69 m
No. of bars = 230/280 = 0.82 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 3.05 – 0.5 = 2.55m
= 2.55 + (2*9*0.08)
= 2.69 m
No. of bars = 3415/(2*320) = 5.33 = 6
i) At support:
= 3.415 – 0.5 = 2.92m
AITM LKO 2286 90

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 2.92 + (2*9*0.08)
= 3.06 m
No. of bars = 230/300 = 0.77 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 3.415 – 0.5 = 2.92m
= 2.92 + (2*9*0.08) = 3.06m
No. of bars = 3050/(2*320) = 4.76 = 5
= 3.415 – 0.5 = 2.92m
= 2.92+ (2*9*0.08)
= 3.06 m
No. of bars = 3150/(2*350) = 4.5 = 5
4. TORSION STEEL:
AITM LKO 2286 91

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19

no. length wt.
8mm
(short span)
8mm
(long span)
bar 8mm
4. Torsion bar 0.61m 4 2.44m 0.22 .54kg

(one edge
discontinuous)
6mm @
410mm c/c
5. Torsion bar 0.61m 2 1.22m 0.39 0.48kg
(two edges
discontinuous)
8mm @
360mm c/c
Total: 21.5kg
Table 10.11
10.12 SLAB S6 (2.25*1.5):

i) At support:
AITM LKO 2286 92

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 1.5 – 0.5 = 1m
Total length of main bar = 1 + 2 hooks
= 1 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.14 m
No. of bars = 230/300 = 0.77 = 1
ii) At mid span:
Main bar 8mm @ 320 c/c
= 1.5 – 0.5 = 1m
= 1 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.14 m
No. of bars = 2250/(2*320) = 3.75 = 4
i) At mid span:
= 2.25 – 0.5 = 1.75m
= 1.75 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.89 m
No. of bars = 1500/(2*320) = 2.34 = 3
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 2.25 – 0.5 = 1.75m
= 1.75 + (2*9*0.08)
= 1.89 m
No. of bars = 1500/(2*350) = 2.14 = 3
4. TORSION STEEL:

no. length wt.
8mm
(short span)
2. Main steel bar 1.89m 3 5.7m 0.39 2.22kg
8mm
(long span)
bar 8mm
AITM LKO 2286 94

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
4. Torsion bar 0.3m 4 1.2m 0.22 .26kg
(one edge
discontinuous)
6mm @
410mm c/c
5. Torsion bar 0.3m 4 1.2m 0.39 .47kg
(two edges
discontinuous)
8mm @
360mm c/c
Total: 7.39kg
Table 10.12
10.13 SLAB S7 (5.5*3.15):

i) At mid span:
= 3.15 – 0.5 = 2.65m
= 2.65 + (2*9*0.08)
= 2.79 m
No. of bars = 5500/(2*320) = 5.33 = 6
i) At support:
= 5.5 – 0.5 = 5m
= 5 + (2*9*0.08)
AITM LKO 2286 95

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
= 5.14 m
No. of bars = 230/300 = 0.77 = 1
ii) At mid span:
= 5.5 – 0.5 = 5m
= 5 + (2*9*0.08)
= 5.14 m
No. of bars =5500/(2*320) = 8.6 = 9
= 5.5 – 0.5 = 5m
= 5 + (2*9*0.08)
= 5.14 m
No. of bars =5500/(2*350) = 8.6 = 9
4. TORSION STEEL:
AITM LKO 2286 96

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19

no. length wt.
1. Main steel bar 2.79m 6 16.74m 0.39 6.53kg
8mm
(short span)
8mm
(long span)
bar 8mm
4. Torsion bar 0.63m 4 2.52m 0.22 .55kg

(one edge
discontinuous)
6mm @
410mm c/c
5. Torsion bar 0.63m 4 2.52m 0.39 .98kg
(two edges
discontinuous)
8mm @
360mm c/c
Total: 46.15kg
Table 10.1
AITM LKO 2286 97

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
CHAPTER 11
COSTING AND ESTIMATION
11.1 DETAILS OF MEASUREMENT:

11.1.1 Earthwork excavated:
S. No. Description Length Width Height Volume
(m) (m) (m) (m3)
1. Columns footing (0.22+.75) (0.22+.75) .15 .141
Total = (16*.141) = 2.26 m3
11.1.2 Brick work in super structure:

S. No. Walls Length Width Height Volume
(m) (m) (m) (m3)
1. Balcony
-Wall1 0.93 .23 2.7 .58
-Wall2 (5.5-2.65)/ .115 2.1/0.1 (.88+.03)
2.65 =.91
-Wall 3 .935 .23 .23 .58
2. Drawing room
-Wall1 (5.5-2*.22) .23 2.7 3.14
-Wall2 (3.15-1) .115 2.7 .67
-Wall3 1.2/(2.3-.2) .23/.115 2.7 (.75+.65)
=1.4
3. Toilet Type – B
-Wall1 (1.5-2*.22- .23 2.7/(1.2 (.29+.23)
.6)/.6 +.5) =.52
-Wall2 (1.5 - .75)/.75 .115 2.7/.65 (.23+.06)
2.25 – 2*.22 =.29
-Wall3 .115 2.7 .63
4. Bedroom 1
-Wall1 (3.415-.22- .23 2.7/(.3 (.79+.2+.15)
1.915)/0.9/ +.65)/.65 =1.14
1.015
-Wall2 3.05 - .22 .23 2.7 =1.76
5. Toilet type B
-Wall1 (2.365-.22- .115 2.7/0.6 .43 + .05
.75) / .75 = .48
-Wall2 (1.5 – 2*.22 - .23 2.7 / (1.2 (.29+.23)
.6)/ .6 + .5) = .52
-Wall3 2.365-.22 .23 2.7 1.33
AITM LKO 2286 98

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
6. Bedroom 2
-Wall 1 (3.15 – .115 2.7/.6 (.7+.06)
0.9)/0.9 = .76
-Wall2 (3.05 - .22 – .115 2.7/(.6+ (.51+.12)
1.2) / 1.2 .3) = .63
-Wall3 3.15 .115 2.7 .98
7. Kitchen
-Wall1 (2.25 - .22 - .115 2.7/0.6 (.35+.06)
.9)/ .9 = .4
-Wall2 (2.25-.22- .23 2.7/(1.2+ (.7+.38)
.9)/0.9 .65) = 1.08
-Wall3 (3-2*.22) .115 2.7 .79
8. Outer Walls
-Wall1 (8.5 – 2*.22) .23 2.7 5
-Wall2 7-2*.22 .23 2.7 4.07
-Wall3 2.2 .23 2.7 1.37
9. Lift Wall
-Wall1 1.95-.9 .23 2.7 .65
-Wall2 1.95-.8 .23 2.7 .71
-Wall3 2.5 .23 2.7 1.55
-Wall4 1.95 .23 2.7 1.21
Total /floor 33.16 m3
Total =(33.16*4) = 132.64 m3
Table 11.1
11.1.3 RCC work (M20 grade) in beams, slabs and columns:

S. No Members / Length Width Height Volume
Description (m) (m) (m) (m3)
1. COLUMN
.22 .22 3 .145
Total/floor (.145*16) =
2.32
Total (2.32*5)
= 11.6
2. BEAMS
B1 2.365 .23 .3 .163
B2 3.173 .23 .6 .44
B3 2.365 .23 .6 .32
B4 3.175 .23 .6 .44
B5 3.165 .23 .6 .44
B6 3.165 .23 .6 .44
AITM LKO 2286 99

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
B7 2.538 .23 .3 .175
B8 1.73 .23 .3 .12
B9 2.538 .23 .3 .18
B10 3.265 .23 .6 .46
B11 3.223 .23 .3 .22
B12 3.223 .23 .6 .44
B13 1.615 .23 .6 .22
B14 2.423 .23 .3 .17
B15 1.615 .23 .3 .11
B16 5.673 .23 .6 .78
B17 2.523 .23 .6 .34
B18 3.23 .23 .6 .44
B19 4.53 .23 .6 .63
B20 6.23 .23 .6 .86
B21 7.973 .23 .6 1.1
Total/floor = 8.48
TOTAL (8.48*5)
=42.4
3. SLABS
S1 3.00 2.25 .12 0.81
S2 3.15 3.05 .12 1.10
S3 3.00 6.50 .12 2.34
S4 2.36 1.50 .12 0.36
S5 3.41 3.05 .12 1.25
S6 2.25 1.50 .12 0.34
S7 5.50 3.15 .12 2.10
S8 3.50 3.15 .12 1.32
Total/ floor 9.62
TOTAL (9.62*5)
=48.1
Table 11.2
AITM LKO 2286 100

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
11.1.4 Plastering on ceiling
S. No. Ceiling Length Width Area
(m) (m) (m2)
1. Kitchen (3 - .173) (2.25 - .115) 6.04
2. Bedroom 2 (3.15 - .115) (3.05 - .115) 8.91
3. Toilet Type A (2.365 - .173) (1.5 - .173) 2.91
4. Bedroom 1 (3.415 - .173) (3.05 - .173) 9.33
5. Toilet Type B (2.25 - .173) (1.5 - .115) 2.88
6. Drawing Room (5.5 - .173) (3.15 - .173) 15.86
7. Passageway 1 (6.5 - .173) (3 - .173) 17.89
8. Passageway 2 (3.5 - .05) (3.15 - .115) 10.47
9. Balcony 1 (3.035 - .23) (.935 - .115) 2.3
10 Balcony 2 2.1 (.935 - .115) 1.72
Total/ floor = 78.31 m2
TOTAL = (78.31*5) = 391.55 m2
Table 11.4
11.1.5 Plastering on walls

S. No. Walls Length (m) Height (m) Area (m2)
1. Balcony
-Wall1 0.93 2.7 2.52
-Wall2 (5.5-2.65)/ 2.65 2.7/0.1 7.91
-Wall 3 .935 2.7 2.52
2. Drawing room
-Wall1 (5.5-2*.22) 2.7 13.65
-Wall2 (3.15-1) 2.7 5.83
-Wall3 1.2/(2.3-.2) 2.7 8.91
3. Toilet Type – B
-Wall1 (1.5-2*.22-.6)/.6 2.7/(1.2 +.5) 2.26
-Wall2 (1.5 - .75)/.75 2.7/.65 2.52
-Wall3 2.7 5.48
2.25 – 2*.22
4. Bedroom 1
-Wall1 (3.415-.22-1.915)/0.9/ 2.7/(.3 +.65)/.65 4.96
1.015
-Wall2 3.05 - .22 2.7 7.65
5. Toilet type B
-Wall1 (2.365-.22-.75) / .75 2.7/0.6 4.22
(1.5 – 2*.22 - .6)/ .6
-Wall2 2.365-.22 2.7 / (1.2 + .5) 3.58
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
-Wall3 2.7 5.80
6. Bedroom 2
-Wall 1 (3.15 – 0.9)/0.9 2.7/.6 6.50
-Wall2 (3.05 - .22 – 1.2) / 1.2 2.7/(.6+ .3) 5.48

3.15
-Wall3 2.7 8.51
7. Kitchen
-Wall1 (2.25 - .22 - .9)/ .9 2.7/0.6 3.59
(2.25-.22-.9)/0.9
-Wall2 (3-2*.22) 2.7/(1.2+ .65) 4.71
-Wall3 2.7 6.91

8. Outer Walls
-Wall1 (8.5 – 2*.22) 2.7 21.76
-Wall2 7-2*.22 2.7 17.71
-Wall3 2.2 2.7 5.94
9. Lift Wall
-Wall1 1.95-.9 2.7 2.83
-Wall2 1.95-.8 2.7 3.09
-Wall3 2.5 2.7 6.74
-Wall4 1.95 2.7 5.26
Total/ floor = 171 m2
TOTAL = (171*4) = 684 m2
Table 11.4
11.1.6 Tile Flooring:

S. No. Floor Length Width Area
(m) (m) (m2)
1. Drawing Room (5.5 - .115) (3.15 – 0.34) 15.13
2. Balcony 1 3.035 .935 2.84
3 Toilet Type B 1.5 - .115 2.25 - .34 1.06
4 Balcony 2 2.1 .935 1.96
5 Bedroom 1 3.415 - .34 3.05 - .34 8.33
6 Toilet Type A 1.5 - .34 2.365 - .34 2.35
7 Bedroom 2 3.15 - .115 3.05 - .115 8.91
8 Kitchen 3 - .34 2.25 - .115 5.68
9 Passageway 1 6.5 - .34 3 - .23 17.06
10 Passageway 2 3.5 - .115 3.15 - .115 10.27
Total / floor = 65.26 m2
TOTAL = (65.26*4) = 261.04m2
Table 11.5
AITM LKO 2286 102

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
11.1.7 Skirting:
S. No. Floor Length Height Area
(m) (m) (m2)
1. Drawing Room
-Wall1 (5.5-.34) .15 .774
-Wall2 (3.15-.34– 2.65) .15 .053
-Wall3 (1.2+3.05) .15 .640
-Wall4 (3.15-.34-1) .15 .270
2. Bedroom 1
-Wall1 (3.05-.34-.9) .15 .270
-Wall2 (3.415-.34-1.91) .15 .170
-Wall3 (3.05 - .34) .15 .410
-Wall4 (3.415-.75-.34) .15 .350
3. Bedroom2
-Wall1 (3.05-.115) .15 .440
-Wall2 (3.15-.115) .15 .460
-Wall3 (3.05-.115) .15 .440
-Wall4 (3.15-.115-.75) .15 .340
4. Kitchen
-Wall1 (2.25-.115) .15 .320
-Wall2 (3-.34) .15 .400
-Wall3 (2.25-.115-.9) .15 .180
-Wall4 (3-.115) .15 .430
5. Passageway1
-Wall1 (3-.115) .15 .430
-Wall2 (6.5-.9-.8) .15 .730
-Wall3 (3-.23) .15 .420
-Wall4 (4.2-.115) .15 .610
6. Passageway2
-Wall1 (3.15-.34-1) .15 .270
-Wall2 (3.5-.057) .15 .520
-Wall3 (1.6-.057) .15 .230
Total/floor = 9.15m2
TOTAL = (9.15*4) = 36.6 m2
Table 11.6
11.1.8 Dado in Toilets:

S. No. Floor Length Height Area
(m) (m) (m2)
1. Toilet Type A
-Wall1 (2.365-.34-.75) 1.75 2.24
-Wall2 (1.5-.34) 1.75 2.22
-Wall3 (2.365-0.34) 1.75 3.54
AITM LKO 2286 103

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
-Wall4 (1.5-.23) 1.75 2.22
2. Toilet Type B
-Wall1 (2.2-.34) 1.75 3.34
-Wall2 (1.5-.34) 1.75 2.03
-Wall3 (2.365-.34) 1.75 3.54
-Wall4 (1.5-.75-.34) 1.75 0.72
Total/floor = 19.85 m2
TOTAL = (19.85*4) = 79.4 m2
Table 11.7
11.1.9 Centering and shuttering:

Column
Area of cross section of column = 0.22*0.22 = .774 m2
Total Area = (16*.774) = 12.38 m2

Beam
Area of cross section of (.23*.3) beams = .07 m2
Total Area = 7*.07 = .49 m2
Area of cross section of (0.23*0.6) beams = 0.14 m2
Total Area = 14*.14 = 1.96 m2
Net Area of beams = 2.45 m2
11.1.10 Wood work:

S. No. Doors / Windows Width Height Area
(m) (m) (m2)
1. D1 1.00 2.1 2.10
2. D2 0.90 2.1 1.89
3. D3 0.75 2.1 1.58
4. W1 1.20 2.3 2.76
5. W2 0.90 1.4 1.26
6. W3 0.60 1.02 0.61
7. DW1 2.65 2.6 6.89
8. DW2 1.915 2.6 4.98
Total/ floor = 22.07 m2
TOTAL = (22.07*4) = 88.28 m2
Table 11.8
AITM LKO 2286 104

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Thickness of doors, windows = 0.033 m
TOTAL VOLUME = .033*88.28 = 2.88m2
11.2 ABSTRACT OF QUANTITY:

11.2.1 Excavation of earthwork in foundation wall and columns:
Total volume of excavated earthwork including 1.5 m width = 2.26 m3
11.1.2 1:4:8 Lean concrete in foundation 9’’ thick:

Volume = 2.26m3
Ratio = 1:4:8
Taking allowance for dry/loose volume of concrete as 52%
Total dry mortar for 18 m3 = 1.52*2.26 = 3.44 m3
Volume of cement = (1*3.44)/(1+4+8) = .26 m3
No. of bags = .26*30 = 7.8= 8bag
Volume of sand = (4*.3.44)/(1+4+8) = 1.04 m3
Volume of aggregates = (8*3.44)/(1+4+8) = 2.08 m3
11.2.3 Brick work in super structure with 1:3:3 cement sand mortar
Volume of brick work in one floor = 33.16 m3
Total volume of brick work = 33.16*4 = 132.64 m3
No. of bricks = 132.64*500 = 66320
Dry/loose volume of cement mortar = 32% of brick work
= 0.32*132.64 = 42.44m3
Volume of cement = (1*42.44)/7 = 6.06m3
No. of cement bags = 30*6.06 = 181.8 = 182 bags
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Volume of fine sand = (3*42.44)/7 = 18.2 m3
Volume of coarse sand = (3*42.44)/7 = 18.2 m3
11.2.4 RCC work (M20 grade) in beams, slabs and columns:

Beams:
Total volume = 42.4 m3
Ratio = 1:2:4
Taking allowance for dry/loose as 52%
Total dry mortar = 1.52*42.4 = 64.45 m3
Volume of cement = (1*64.45)/7 = 9.21 m3
Volume of sand = (2*64.45)/7 = 18.42 m3
Volume of aggregate = (4*64.45)/7 = 36.84 m3
Columns:
Taking allowance for dry/loose mortar as 52%
Volume of sand = (2*217.66)/7 = 5.05 m3
Volume of aggregates = (4*17.66)/7 = 10.1 m3
Slabs:
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Taking allowance for dry/loose mortar as 52%
No. of cement bags = 10.44*30 = 313.37 = 314 bags
Volume of sand = (2*73.1)/7 = 20.88 m3
Volume of aggregates = (4*73.1)/7 = 41.76 m3
11.2.5 Steel bars in beams columns and slabs:

Column:
Weight of 12 mm steel bars in columns on one floor = (16*25.26) = 404.16 kg
Total wt. of 12 mm steel bars in column in whole building = 404.16*5 = 2020.8 kg = 20.21
quintal
Weight of 6 mm tie bars in column on one floor = (16*1.9) = 30.4kg
Total wt. of 6mm tie bars in columns =5*30.4 = 152kg = 1.52 quintal
Beam:
From BBS:
Wt. of 18 mm steel bars in beams on one floor = 77.2 kg
Total wt. of 18 mm steel bars in beams = 77.2*5 = 386 kg = 3.86 quintal
Total wt. of 16 mm steel bars in beams = 101.64*5 = 508.2 = 5.08 quintal
Total wt. of 12 mm steel bar in beams = 175.31*5 = 876.55kg = 8.77 quintal
Wt.of 10 mm steel bars in beams on one floor = 11.98kg
Total wt. of 10mm steel bars in steel beams = 11.98*5 = 59.9kg = 0.6quintal
Wt. of 8mm steel bars in beams on one floor = 276.67kg
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Total wt. of 8 mm steel bars in beams = (276.67*5) = 1383.35 kg = 13.83 quintals
Slabs:
Wt. of 8mm steel bars in slabs on one floor = 162.7kg
Total wt. of 8 mm steel bars in slabs = 813.5kg = 8.14 quintal
Wt. of 6 mm steel bars in slabs on one floor = 18.28 kg
Total wt. of 6 mm steel bars in slabs = (5*18.28) = 91.4 kg = 0.91 quintal
11.2.6 Plastering of ceiling with 1:2:2 cement mortar:

Total area of ceiling = 391.55 m2
Thickness of plaster = 6 mm =0.006 m
Volume of cement mortar = 391.55*0.006 = 2.35 m3
Adding 20% extra for losses
Volume of cement mortar = 1.2*2.35 = 2.82 m3
Taking allowances for dry/loose volume of cement mortar as 25%
Volume of dry/loose cement mortar = 1.25*2.82 = 3.53 m3
Volume of cement = 3.53*1/ 5 = .71 m3
No. of cement bags = .71*30 = 21.3 = 22 bags
Volume of fine sand = 3.53*2/5 = 1.42 m3
Volume of coarse sand = 3.53*2/5 = 1.42 m3
11.2.7 Plastering of wall with 1:3:2 sand mortars:

Inside and outside area of wall of four floors = 2*171*4 = 3078 m2
Thickness of plaster = 12mm
Volume of sand mortar = 3078*0.012 = 36.94 m3
Adding 20% for unevenness
Volume of sand mortar = 1.2*36.94 = 44.33 m3
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
Taking allowance for dry/loose volume of sand mortar as 25%
Total volume = 1.25*44.33 = 55.41 m3
Volume of cement = (55.41*1)/6 = 9.235 m3
No. of cement bags = 9.235*30 = 277 bags
Volume of fine sand = (55.41*3)/6 = 27.7 m3
Volume of coarse sand = (55.41*2)/6 = 18.47 m3
11.3 ABSTRACT OF COST:

S. No PARTICULARS QUANTITY RATE COST
1. Excavation of earth 2.26m3 383.10/m3 Rs. 865.81
exceeding 1.5 m in width
as well as 10 sqm on plan
2. Cement 1156 bags 450/bag Rs. 520200
3. Coarse sand 83.5 m3 600/m3 Rs. 50100
4. Aggregates 90.8 m3 700/m3 Rs. 63560
5. Fine sand 56.98 m3 320/m3 Rs. 18223.16
6. STEEL BARS
i. 18 mm steel bars 3.86 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 26,248
ii. 16 mm steel bars 5.08 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 34544
iii. 12 mm steel bars 28.98 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 197064
iv. 10 mm steel bar 0.6 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 4080
v. 8 mm steel bars 21.97 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 149396
vi. 6 mm tie bars 2.43 quintals 6800/quintal Rs. 16524
7. Bricks 97535 7.5/brick Rs. 731512.5
8. providing wood work in 2.88 m3 91496.00 Rs. 263508.48
frames of doors, windows,
clerestory windows and
other frames, wrought
framed and fixed in
position with hold fast
lugs or with dash fastners
of required dia & length (
hold fast lugs or dash
fastners shall be paid for
seprately) by using
Second class teak wood
9. Finishing walls with water 3078 m2 51/ m2 Rs. 156978.00

proofing cement pint of
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PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
approved make of two
coats over and including
one coat white cement
primer.
10. Painting two coat over 3078 m2 58.5 m2 Rs. 180063.00
primer coat including
cleaning of surface and
sand papering, including
cost of
all labour
11. Providing and fixing 261.04 m2 1230.3/ sqm Rs.321157.51
10mm thick acid and/or
alkali resistant tiles of
approved make and colour
using acid and/or alkali
resistant mortar bedding
and joints filled with acid
and/or alkali resisting
cement as per IS:4457,
complete as per the
direction of engineer-in-
charge. In flooring on a
bed of 10 mm thick
mortar 1:4 (1 acid proof
cement:4 coarse sand)
12. Providing and fixing 36.6 m2 1293/ sq m Rs. 47323.8
approved make and color
cement as per IS:4457, in
skirting on 12 mm thick
cement: 4 coarse sand)
13. Providing and fixing 79.4 m2 1293/ sqm Rs.102664.2
approved make and color
AITM LKO 2286 110

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
cement as per IS:4457, in
dado on 12 mm thick
cement: 4 coarse sand)
14. Brick on edge flooring 60.46 m2 672/sqm Rs. 40629.12

with bricks of class
designation 7.5 on a bed
of 12 mm cement mortar
including filling the joints
with same mortar, with
common burnt clay, non-
modular bricks
15. Centering and shuttering 3.52 m2 453.35/sq m Rs. 1595.80
including strutting,
propping etc. , and
removal of form for
columns
16. Centering and shuttering 2.42 m2 332.15/sqm Rs. 803.8
including strutting,
propping etc., and
removal of form for
beams
TOTAL Rs.3127041.18
say Rs. 32930000
Table 11.9
1. Civil work as per bill of quantity = Rs. 32,930,000
2. Water supply, sanitation works 20% of BOQ = Rs. 6,586,000
3. Electricity work 2% of BOQ = Rs 658,600
4. Quality control all over the work 2%(1+2+3) =Rs. 803,492
TOTAL = Rs. 40,978,092
AITM LKO 2286 111

PROJECT REPORT
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2018-19
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References used for completing the project are:
 Design of reinforced concrete structure book by AK Jain

 IS 456:2000
 National Building Code
 Google
 www.steelmkts.com
 Rate analysis book
AITM LKO 2286 112

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PROJECT REPORT

CHAPTER 1: Aim of the Project PAGE 2

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feeling of security, responsibility and shows the status of man.

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6. DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS: - A door may be defined as a barrier secured in

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 Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.

 Open spaces around residential building.

 Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.

 Provisions for lighting and ventilation.

 Provision for safety from explosion.

 Provisions for means of access.

 Provisions for drainage and sanitation.

 Provisions for safety of works against hazards.

 Requirements for off-street parking spaces.

 Requirements for landscaping.

 Special requirements for low income housing

 Size of structural elements.

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8.1 DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING

COMPONENTS STANDARD SIZE PROVIDED SIZE

TOTAL AREA 40 m2 246.15 m2

CONSTRUCTION AREA Max 2/3 of total area 160 m2

BEDROOM 1 Area = 9.5 m2 Area = 10.42 m2

Width = 2.4m Width = 3.05 m

Height = 2.45m Height = 3 m

BEDROOM 2 Area = 9.5 m2 Area = 9.61 m2

Width = 2.4m Width = 3.05 m

Height = 2.45m Height = 3 m

TOILET TYPE A Area = 2.8 m2 Area = 3.55 m2

Width = 1.2 m Width = 1.5 m

Height = 2.45 m Height = 3 m

TOILET TYPE B Area = 2.8 m2 Area = 3.36 m2

Width = 1.2 m Width = 1.5 m

Height = 2.45 m Height = 3 m

KITCHEN Area = 5 m2 Area = 6.75 m2

Width = 1.8 m Width = 2.25 m

Height = 2.75 m Height = 3 m

AITM LKO 2286 9

Riser = 0.19 m(max) Riser = 0.15 m

Tread = 0.2 m Tread = 0.275

No. of risers = 12 No. of risers = 8 &7

PLINTH HEIGHT 0.85 m 0.85 m

BOUNDARY HEIGHT 1.65 m 1.85 m

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Fig. 8. 1 FLOOR PLAN

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Fig. 8.2 FRONT ELEVATION

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9.1 DESIGN APPROACH:

The design of structure consists of following steps:

 Idealization of structure for analysis;

 The working stress method

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9.1.1 SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN CRITERION LOADS:

ii) Live Loads:

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iii) Design of Beams:-

pt = (100144)/(1000100) = 0.144% < 0.25%

Vuc = τcbd = 0.28100090*1.3