COMMON BEHAVIROAL PROBLEMS OF INFANTS

(C&F, NW, HB)

1. CRYING AND FUSSY PERIODS

- Parents should be encouraged to respond to their baby’s cry kasi para hindi maging spoiled ang bata
Question: if this can be thought because this is helpful. Answer: “self-Calmer”

ROUTIN RESPONSES THAT MAY SOOTHE BABY (P,CD,C,F,B,PA,HOC,SCR,M,W,RC,SS)

- Pick up baby
- Change diaper
- Cuddle
- Offer feeding (if more than 2 hours)
- Burp
- pacifier
- Check baby if hot or cold and clothing and diaper not constricting
- Place in a swing or rocker
- Turn on music or heart beat stimulator
- Go for a walk
- Respond to baby’s cry
- Became self-soother

2. NIGHT WAKING
- Question: newborn sleeps at? Answer: 16 to 17 hours in a 24 hour period
- Question: Parents should expect how many waking per night? Answer: 2 to 4 waking per night
- Question: Sleep problems develop because of? Answer: colic/ healthy infant takes longer than usual to
adjust to sleeping through the night
- Breastfeed: mas ginigising nila ang bata kaysa sa formula fed kasi breast is easily digested, so infant becomes
hungry immediately.
- Late infancy, common na ang waking (pag gising) for 1 hour

SUGGESTIONS for eliminating night waking

- Delay bedtime by 1 hour

- Shorten an afternoon sleep period
- Wag lapitan ang bata pag nagising kasi may tendency na ma fall to asleep ulit sya
- Bigyan ng soft toys or music ang infant so they can have time to fall back asleep
 Suggest parents na gamitin yung time sa gabi na gising yung bata to finish work, watch late night show
para ma perceive nila to as constructive time rather than problem
3. HEAD BANGING
- Question: head banging begins at? Answer: Second half of first year of life to the pre school period.
- Normal: head banging associated with naptime and bed time and lasting under five minutes
- CAUSES: marital discord, illness of the family member
- Advise: pad rails, assure that this is a normal mechanism

ROLE OF THE NURSE: (PADT, PIS, PNHI, PIDDA, PHFF)

1. PROMOTING ACHIEVEMENT DEV’T TASK

- Infants learn to trust

HOW TO PARENTS ENCOURAGE A SENSE OF TRUST?

A: establish a schedule: to allow them to predict what is going to happen and gives life some consistency
 B: care of an infant must be given by ONE person only
2. PROMOTING INFANT SAFETY (a,f,c,sws,bs)
Question: newborn grasp and sucking reflex automatically cause them to grasp and pull the object away.
Answer: ASPIRATION PREVENTION
- Iwasan ang bilog and cylindrical, small objects, deflated balloon
- Offer small foods and not large chunks
- Toys (yung mga maliliit) itago

Question: are the second major cause of infant accident ANSWER: FALL PREVENTION

- Wag iwan ang bata lalo sa raised surface

- 2 months, prepare kay mag roll na’
- Crib side, raised and secured

CAR SAFETY

- Car seats

SAFETY WITH SIBLINGS

BATHING AND SWIMMING SAFETY (chlorine (asthma), hyperthermia (water temp), microorganisms)

3. PROMOTING NUTRITIONAL HEALTH OF AN INFANT

- High protein, high calorie, breast milk
4. PROMOTING INFANT DEVELOPMENT IN DAILY ACTIVITIES (B,D,S)
- Bathing – should be fun, give parents time to touch and communicate with child
- Dressing – should be easy to launder, easily constructed, and not a struggle
- Sleeping – 10-12 hours of sleep and some naps
5. PROMOTING HEALTHY FAMILY FUNCTIONING
- PRIMARY TASK OF FAMILY: interpret infants cues to decipher needs

MIDDLE CHILDREN: feels like they don’t belong, tends to have less ambition,

How to combat middle child syndrome:

- One hour alone with each children every week

- Select different acts. For each sibling
- Encourage child to support each other
- Avoid favoring one children. Be fair.

ERIKSON’S DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE

- Question: he describes the physical, emotional and psychological stages of development and relates issues,
or developmental work or tasks, to each stage. Answer: Erik Erikson
- Question: if a toddler is not allowed to learn by doing, the toddler develop sense of? Answer: Doubt
- Question: if preschool who is made fell that the activities he or she initiates are bad he may developed?
Answer: Guilt

Erik Erikson: Infant (TvM), Toddler (AvSD), Preschooler (IvG), School age (IvI), Adolescent (IvRC), Young Adult (IvI)

Middle Aged Adult (GvS)

- (I) Trust vs mistrust

- (T) Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- (P) Initiative vs Guilt
- (SA) Industry vs inferiority
 - (A) Identity vs Role Confusion
- (YA) Intimacy vs isolation
- (MA) Generativity vs Stagnation

PRE SCHOOL

PREPARING A CHILD FOR SCHOOL

- Preparing a child for school is for peer exposure (positive effect)

- Formal school begins at? KINDERGARTEN
o Preparation:
 Parent’s attitude – dapat idiscuss ang school na something to look forward to
 Accustom child
 Riding a bus, must be thought as the first form of transportation
 Lunch of the child
 Instill that learning is fun

SEX AWARENESS/ SEX EDUCATION

- This should be talked about, di natin to dapat ikahiya sa mga bata para mas maging aware sila
- An important part of sex education is to prevent sexual abuse.
- Always ask permission before touching, because parents taught their children that wag magpa touch kung
kahit kanino lang
- When explaining kung san galing ang anak, sabihin sa uterus kasi mas accurate to, para naman di mag
envision ang bata

COMMON BEHAVIORIAL PROBLEMS

- Sibling rivalry
o Jealousy  present at PRE SCHOOL
o This occurs kasi may enough vocabulary na sila, pwede na sila mag express
 Prepare the older sister na have na darating na new baby para ma orient na sya
 2-3 mos bago I anak ang bata, if pre school ang older dapat sabihin na
 Prepare the child if manganak na ang nanay kasi magkakameron na yan ng separation. Allow
the child to visit the hospital to help relieve this type of separation anxiety

FREUD’S PYCHOSEXUAL

(O,A,P,L,GE)

- Oral stage (birth to 18 mos)

o Pleasure is on sucking
o This type of personality can lead t smoke or drink alcohol, eat a lot and more
- Anal stage (18 to 3 yrs)
o Pleasure is on eliminating and retaining feces
- Phallic Stage (3 to 6 yrs)
o Pleasure zone: genitals
o Boys may pagtingin sa nanay and nag selos kay father
o Oedipus complex – boys
o Electra Complex – girls
- Latent Stage (6 to Puberty)
o Sexual is repressed, mas gusto nila mag play
- Genital (Puberty onwards)
o Mahilig na ulit mag sex, pleasure is on genitals, finds pleasure on opposite sex
5 Types of ABUSE

- Sexual, physical, verbal, psychological, emotional abuse

- Neglect

- RA 7610. AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONGER DETERRENCE AND SPECIAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD
ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATION AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES.
- RA 9321 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR AND
AFFORDING STRONGER PROTECTION FOR THE WORKING CHILD, AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE REPUBLIC
- RA 8552 AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE RULES AND POLICIES ON THE DOMESTIC ADOPTION OF FILIPINO
CHILDREN AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
- Executive Order No. 56, s. 2001