RESULT

Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.83 0.97

Experimental air flow
0.00520 0.00518 0.00518 0.00515 0.00462 0.00364 0.00126
rates, ṁ/ kg s-1
1. First nozzle :

Air flow rate versus Pressure ratio

0.01
Air flow rates, ṁ/kg s-1

0.01

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Pressure ratio, rp

Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.83 0.97

Nozzle efficiency, ƞ/% 85.17 92.48 84.77 89.57 93.88 60.82 0.00

Nozzle efficiency versus Pressure ratio

100
90
80
Nozzle effciency, ƞ/%

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Pressure ratio, rp
2. Third nozzle :

Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1.00

Air Mass Flow
0.00518 0.00520 0.00518 0.00517 0.00517 0.00490 0.00290
Rate, ṁ/kg s-1

Air Mass Flow Rate Against Pressure Ratio

Air Mass Flow Rate ṁ/kg s-1

0.01
0.01
0
0
0
0
0
0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1

Pressure Ratio rp

Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1.00

Nozzle efficiency, ƞ/% 89.39 87.52 87.50 82.61 79.70 77.46 0.00

Nozzle Effciency against Pressure Ratio

100
90
80
Nozzle Efficiency %

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1

Pressure Ratio rp

3. Fifth nozzle :
 Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.72 0.86 1.00
Air Mass Flow
0.00513 0.00513 0.00518 0.00513 0.00516 0.00516 0.00342
Rate, ṁ/kg s-1

Air mass flow versus Pressure ratio

0.01
Air mass flow rate, ṁ/kg s-1

0.01

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Pressure ratio, rp

Pressure ratio, rp 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1.00

Nozzle efficiency, ƞ/% 98.35 87.52 79.30 73.26 69.34 64.36 0.00

Nozzle efficiency vs pressure ratio

Nozzle efficiency , ŋ/ %
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Overall ratio pressure, r p
Observation On First Nozzle :

Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Inlet Pressure
(Gauge) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
kN m-2
Inlet Temperature
25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
ºC
Chamber Pressure
(Gauge) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
kN m-2
Chamber
Temperature 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
ºC
Cantilever
Deflection 53.0 48.0 41.0 33.0 24.0 14.0 1.0
Divs
Air Mass Flow
0.0051
Rate (Observed) 0.00520 0.00518 0.00515 0.00462 0.00364 0.00126
8
kg s-1

Derived result :

Air Mass Flow

0.0051
Rate (Corrected) 0.00520 0.00518 0.00515 0.00462 0.00364 0.00126
8
10-3 kg s-1
Inlet Pressure
(Absolute) 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35
kN m-2
Inlet Temperature
(Absolute) 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
K
Chamber Pressure
(Absolute) 101.35 201.35 301.35 401.35 501.35 601.35 701.35
kN m-2
Chamber
Temperature
298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
(Absolute)
K
Overall Pressure
Ratio 0.1445 0.2871 0.4297 0.5723 0.7148 0.8574 1.0000
rp
Impact of Jet
Reaction Force
2.20 2.00 1.55 1.35 1.00 0.35 0.05
(from Graph)
N
Jet Velocity
423.08 386.10 299.23 262.14 216.45 96.15 39.68
ms-1
Theoretical Jet
Velocity 496.75 417.48 353.00 292.67 230.56 158.09 0.00
ms-1
Nozzle Efficiency
85.17 92.48 84.77 89.57 93.88 60.82 0.00
%
Theoretical Air
0.0004
Mass Flow Rate 0.00048 0.00034 0.00028 0.00022 0.00015 0.00000
0
10-3 kg s-1
SAMPLE CALCULATION :

 Pressure ratio,

Chamber Pressure ( Absolute )

¿
Inlet Pressure ( Absolute )

101.33
¿
701.33

¿ 0.1445

 Jet velocity,

Impact of Jet Reaction Force

¿
Air Mass Flow Rate

2.20
¿
5.20 ×10 ˉ ³

¿ 423.08 msˉ ¹

 Theoretical jet velocity,

1.4−1
2(1.4)
=
1.4−1
× 278 ×298.65 × 1− (
101.33 1.4
701.33 )
¿ 496.75 msˉ ¹

 Nozzle efficiency,

Jet Velocity
¿
Theoretical Jet Velocity

423.08
¿ ×100
496.75

¿ 85.17

 Theoretical air mass flow rate,

¿ ρAV

¿ 1.225× 0.0005² π × 496.75

¿ 4.7793 ×10 ˉ 4 kg s-1

Observation On Third Nozzle :

Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Inlet Pressure
(Gauge) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
kN m-2
Inlet Temperature
25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
ºC

Chamber Pressure
(Gauge) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
kN m-2
Chamber
Temperature 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
ºC
Cantilever
Deflection 55.5 46.5 38.5 30.5 23.0 16.0 5.0
Divs
Air Mass Flow Rate
(Observed) 0.00518 0.00520 0.00518 0.00517 0.00517 0.00490 0.00290
kg s-1

Derived result :

Air Mass Flow Rate

(Corrected) 0.00518 0.00520 0.00518 0.00517 0.00517 0.00490 0.00290
10-3 kg s-1

Inlet Pressure
(Absolute) 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35 701.35
kN m-2

Inlet Temperature
(Absolute) 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
K

Chamber Pressure
(Absolute) 101.35 201.35 301.35 401.35 501.35 601.35 701.35
kN m-2
Chamber
Temperature
298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
(Absolute)
K
Overall Pressure
Ratio 0.1445 0.2871 0.4297 0.5723 0.7148 0.8574 1.0000
rp
Impact of Jet
Reaction Force
2.30 1.90 1.60 1.25 0.95 0.60 0.20
(from Graph)
N
Jet Velocity
444.02 365.38 308.88 241.78 183.75 122.45 68.9
ms-1
Theoretical Jet
Velocity 496.75 417.48 353.00 292.67 230.56 158.09 0.00
ms-1
Nozzle Efficiency
89.39 87.52 87.5 82.61 79.7 77.46 0.00
%

Theoretical Air
Mass Flow Rate 0.00191 0.00161 0.00136 0.00112 0.00089 0.00061 0.00000
10-3 kg s-1
SAMPLE CALCULATION :

 Pressure ratio,

Chamber Pressure ( Absolute )

¿
Inlet Pressure ( Absolute )

101.35
¿
701.35

¿ 0.1445

 Jet velocity,

Impact of Jet Reaction Force

¿
Air Mass Flow Rate

2.30
¿
5.18 ×10 ˉ ³

¿ 444.02 msˉ ¹

 Theoretical jet velocity,

1.4−1
2(1.4)
=
1.4−1
× 278 ×298.65 × 1− (
101.35 1.4
701.35 )
¿ 496.75 msˉ ¹

 Nozzle efficiency,

Jet Velocity
¿
Theoretical Jet Velocity

444.02
¿ ×100
496.75

¿ 89.39

 Theoretical air mass flow rate,

¿ ρAV

¿ 1.225× 0.001² π × 496.75

¿ 1.9117 ×10 ˉ ³ kg s-1

Observation On Fifth Nozzle :

Text No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Inlet pressure
(gauge) 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
kN m−2
Inlet temperature
25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
°C
Chamber pressure
(gauge) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
kN m−2
Chamber
temperature 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
°C
Cantilever
54.5 43.5 34.9 27.0 19.5 14.5 5.0
deflection
Air mass flow
rate(observation) 0.00513 0.00513 0.00518 0.00513 0.00516 0.00516 0.00342
kg s−1

Derived result :

Air mass flow

rate (corrected) 5.13 5.13 5.18 5.16 5.16 5.16 3.42
ṁ/ 103 kg s−1
Inlet
pressure( absolut
e) 701.33 701.33 701.33 701.33 701.33 701.33 701.33
P1 / kN
−2
m
Inlet temperature
(absolute ) 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
T1/ ° C
Chamber
pressure
(absolute) 101.33 201.33 301.33 401.33 501.33 601.33 701.33
P1 / kN
−2
m
Chamber
temperature
(absolute) 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65 298.65
T1/ ° C
Overall pressure
ratio 0.1445 0.2871 0.4297 0.5723 0.7148 0.8574 1.0000

Impact or jet
reaction force
2.70 1.75 1.45 1.10 0.83 0.63 0.20
(from graph)
 Jet velocity
−1
C2 / m s 526.32 341.13 279.92 214.42 159.88 101.74 58.48

Nozzle efficiency
98.35 81.71 79.30 73.26 69.34 64.36 0.00
ŋ/%
Theoretical air
mass flow rate 2.0597 1.6069 1.3587 1.1265 0.8875 0.6085 0.0000
ṁ/ 103 kg s−1
SAMPLE CALCULATION :

 Pressure ratio,

Chamber Pressure ( Absolute )

¿
Inlet Pressure ( Absolute )

101.33
¿
701.33

¿ 0.1445

 Jet velocity,

Impact of Jet Reaction Force

¿
Air Mass Flow Rate

2.70
¿
5.13 ×10 ˉ ³

¿ 526.32msˉ ¹

 Theoretical jet velocity,

2(1.4) 101.33 1.4−1

=
1.4−1
× 278 ×298.65 × 1− (
701.33
1.4
)
¿ 496.75 msˉ ¹

 Nozzle efficiency,

Jet Velocity
¿
Theoretical Jet Velocity

526.32
¿ ×100
496.75

¿ 98.35

 Theoretical air mass flow rate,

¿ ρAV
¿ 1.225× 0.0015² π × 496.75

¿ 4.3014 × 10ˉ ³ kg s-1