Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
(SEM 2/2019)
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SUBTOPICS
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1. WASTE REDUCTION
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1.1 WHAT IS WASTE
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1.2 WHAT IS WASTE MINIMIZATION
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1.3 WHICH WASTE IS OF CONCERN?
Industry vs Household
https://cilisos.my/heres-why-our-sampah-is-increasing-even-though-companies-are-
producing-less-waste/
Food Waste
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/what-a-waste-malaysia-s-struggle-with-excess-
food-8735458
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1.4 WASTE AND POSSIBLE RESOURCES
WASTE RESOURCES
Flay ash from power plant Raw material for cement or
brick manufacture
Biomass • Bio-oil like Fuel –
Hydrothermal Process
• Bio-gas like Methane –
Anaerobic Digestion
Organic waste Fertilizer
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1.5 WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Avoid
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Treat
Dispose
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1.5.1 Avoid
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1.5.2 Reduce
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4. How to reduce?
Good Housekeeping: Systems to prevent leakages &
spillages through preventive maintenance schedules and
routine equipment inspections. Also, well- written working
instructions, supervision, awareness and regular training of
workforce would facilitate good housekeeping
Process Change – Under this head, four techniques are
covered;
Input material change
Better process control
Equipment modification
Technology change
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1.5.3 Reuse
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EcoARK -The
world’s first plastic
bottle built structure
in Taiwan.
Build by Far Eastern
Group.
Using 1.5 million
PET bottle.
Example of reuse
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Reuse of rain water
for toilet flush and
plants
Example of reuse
Reuse of
effluent for
agriculture
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1.5.4 Recycle
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Example of recycle
https://www.fastcompany.com/40438806/these-young-
palestinian-engineers-are-helping-rebuild-gaza-with-waste
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Example of recycle
https://www.facebook.com/k2kkompostokelulut/videos/1758154807819933/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CYQcnO_nv4&feature=share
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What makes Reuse and
Recycle Different?
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1.5.5 Recover
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Example of recover
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Example of recover
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Example of recover
https://www.homebiogas.com/Blog/146/Rural_
Palestinians_Make_Their_Own_Fuel
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Example of recover
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What makes Recycle and
Recover Different?
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Which ARE most important
in waste minimization
technique?
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29
Give 3R concept or principle
for…..
Clinical Waste
E-waste
Agriculture waste
Construction waste
https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/features/2015/03/30/keeping-tvs-
computers-and-other-ewaste-out-of-landfills/
https://www.bdcnetwork.com/construction-waste-management
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1.5.6 Treat
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1.5.6 (a) Land Treatment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03c2pnO2Xv0
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1.5.6 (b) Biological Treatment
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1.5.6 (c) Physical Treatment
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1.5.6 (d) Chemical Treatment
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1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF WASTE MINIMIZATION
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2. CLEANER PRODUCTION
(CP)
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2.1 WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION (CP)?
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2.2.1 LCA Framework
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2.2.1 (a) Goal and Scope
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2.2.1 (b) Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
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2.3 PHASES OF CP ASSESSMENT Approach to
CP by Laforest
Recognized need to prevent V., 2008.
pollution by CP
Assessment
Implementation
- Collect data, Set priorities, Select
* Obtain funds, Implement solutions,
assessment team, Generate cleaner
Monitor and evaluate results, Plan
production option, Start preliminary
new project
study
Feasibility Analysis
* Technical evaluation, Economic
evaluation, Environmental analysis,
Select option for implementation 47
2.4 CP PRACTICES
Input
Substitution
Good
Good
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Better Process
Equipment
Equipment
Control
Modification
Modification
Technology
Technology
Change
Change
On-Site
Recovery/
Reuse
Production of
Useful by-
Product
Product product
Modification
Modification
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2.5 BARRIERS TO CP Lack of:
Information,
Expertise and
Resistance to Adequate Training
Change
Lack of
communication
within Perception of
enterprises Risk
Accounting
systems which
fail to capture
Difficulty in
environmental
accessing Difficulty in
costs and
external finance accessing
benefits
cleaner
technology
Competing
business
The failure of
priorities – the
Perverse existing
pressure for short
economic regulatory
term profits
incentives approaches
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2.6 BENEFITS
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STERILIZATION OF HEAT SENSITIVE REUSABLE WASTE
MATERIAL USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CARBON
DIOXIDE STERILIZATION (SCF-CO2)
A supercritical fluid is any substances at a temperature and
pressure above its thermodynamic critical point.
A supercritical fluid can diffuse through solids like a gas, and
dissolve materials like a liquid.
In the supercritical environment only one phase exists. The
fluid, as it is termed, is neither a gas nor a liquid and is best
described as intermediate to the two extremes.
This phase retains solvent power approximating liquids as well
as the transport properties common to gases. Like a gas the
SCF shows lower viscosity and higher diffusivity relative to the
liquid.
Supercritical fluid can be good substitutes for organic
solvents.
https://www.unitechannemasse.com/co2/co2-machine.html 54
2.7.2 CLEANER TECHNOLOGY FOR PALM OIL MILL
EFFLUENT
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2.7.3 CLEANER TECHNOLOGY FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT?
Influent REACTION
TANK
CLARIFIER Effluent
(sewage)
Activated Sludge
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
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REFERENCES
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The End
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