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OWNER : SOUTH EASTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED

ADEPT POWER PRIVATE LIMITED
EPC CONTRACTOR:
A-13, SECTOR-52, NOIDA

CONSULTANT: THORES ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

33 kV/3.3 kV AND 33 kV/6.6 kV SUBSTATIONS BALANCE WORK AT DIPKA OPEN CAST

PROJECT :
PROJECT SOUTH EASTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED (DIPKA AREA)

DIRECT STROKE LIGHTNING PROTECTION for 33 kV/3.3 kV & 33 kV/6.6 kV

TITLE :
SUBSTATIONS.

ADEPT POWER PRIVATE TOTAL SH.

LIMITED DOCUMENT NO. SH. No. REV.
A-13,
SECTOR-52 SCALE
NOIDA THR002-SECL-33-COM-SYD-CN-0002 001 0
NTS
 DIRECT STROKE LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULAT
Project Ref. 33 kV/3.3 kV AND 33 kV/6.6 kV SUBSTATIONS
Case Ref: DSLP PROTECTION

Calculations are based on Razevig method, as per Chapter 31 - Protection from Lightning Strokes, Book o

1 Protective zone for shield wire

bx = 1.2 h ( 1 – hx / 0.8 h ) if hx < 2/3 h

bx = 0.6 h ( 1 – hx / h ) if hx > 2/3h
where,
h= Height of tower peak
hx = Object Height for Protection
bx = Zone of Side Stroke Protection for object height upto h x

ho = h – ( S / 4 )
where,
S= Spacing between two shield wires
ho = Oject Height protected within two Shield Wires

2 Protection Zone Calculations

Spacing
Shield Wire
Sl.No. Zone No. Zone Description between Shield
Stringing Height
Wire
 h S
33kV Switchyard Area
33kV Equipment Bus (33kV Switchyard Area,
1 Zone-I 15.00 12.00
Bus Height -3.7m )
33kV Main Bus (33kV Switchyard Area, Bus
2 Zone-II 15.00 12.00
Height -5.8m )

Notes : 1 All figures are in meters

2 All heights are from Plinth level.
3 Height of transformer is assumed maximum 6m.
4 Spacing B/w shield wire is taken equal to bay width because it effects only pr
so we require only Bx of shield wire. Which remain same.
ECTION CALCULATION BY SHIELD WIRES
Document No. THR002-SECL-33-COM-SYD-CN-0002
Description SHIELD WIRE METHOD

tning Strokes, Book on “High Voltage Engineering”.

(eqn. 31.9)
(eqn. 31.8)

ght upto h x

(eqn. 31.10)

Spacing Protection Height Whether Zone of Side

Object Height for
between Shield achieved within Protection stroke
Protection
Wire Shield Wire Achieved ? protection
 S hx ho ho > hx bx
witchyard Area

12.00 3.70 12.00 YES 12.45

12.00 5.80 12.00 YES 9.30

ause it effects only protection height. As in this type of protection we using single shield wire
e.
 DIRECT STROKE LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALC
Project name. 33 kV/3.3 kV AND 33 kV/6.6 kV SUBSTATIONS
Ref: DSLP PROTECTION

Calculations are based on Razevig method, as per Chapter 31 - Protection from Lightning Strokes, Bo

1) Protection Zone radius by Single LM around itself (Rx) :

Rx = 1.5 h * p * ( 1 - ( hx / 0.8h ))
Rx = 0.75 h * p * ( 1- hx / h)
where, h= Mast height
hx = Object Height to be Protected
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h)
=1

Object
Tower with
Sl. No. Height to be Height Factor 'p'
peak height
Protected
h (m) hx (m)
1 15.00 6.00 1.0000

2) Calculation of Virtual LM (In case of un-equal height LM's)

In case of Un-equal two un-equal height LM's, a virtual LM can calculated of h
the point of intersection of protection zone of higher LM with the horizontal axis
used for determining protection zone for single LM, the distance of virtual LM f
X = 1.5 H * p * ( 1 - ( h / 0.8 H ))
X = 0.75 H * p * ( 1- h / H )
where, H= Height of Higher LM
h= Height of Lower LM
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h)
=1

Height of Height of Distance between

Sl. No.
Higher LM Lower LM LM's

H (m) h (m) a (m)

1 15.00 15.00 140.47
2 46.00 34.00 104.87
3 46.00 34.00 140.47
4 46.00 34.00 140.47
5 46.00 34.00 68.86
 6 46.00 34.00 104.91

Once a virtual LM ( LM' ) is located, the protection zone of lower height LM and

3) Protecion Zone of TWO equal height LM's

Maximum height protected at Mid-Point (Height of Imaginary LM at Mid-P
ho = h - ( a / 7*p )
where, h= Mast height
a= Distance between LM's
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h)
=1
Radius of Protection for Imaginary LM (ho) at Mid-Point
Rox = 1.5 ho * po * ( 1 - ( hx / 0.8ho ))
Rox = 0.75 ho * po * ( 1- hx / ho)
where, ho = Height of Imaginary LM at Mid-Point as calculate
hx = Object Height to be Protected
po = Height factor for Imaginary LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (ho)
=1
 Distance
Protection Object Height to
between Mast Height
between LM's be Protected
Masts

a (m) h (m) hx (m)

T1' & T2 140.47 34 14

T2 & T3' 97.57 34 14
T3' & T1' 58.72 34 14
T2 & T5' 133.17 34 14
T4 & T5' 133.17 34 14
T2 & T4 54.00 34 14
T2 & T6' 61.56 34 14
T2 & T3' 97.61 34 14
T3' & T6 95.00 34 14

3) Protecion Zone by 3 LM Method (Triangle Method)

 Sides of Triangle LM Height
Vertex of Triangle
a1 a2 a3 h (m)

Tower with peak-T1,

140.47 97.57 58.72 34.00
T2, T3

Tower with peak-T2,

133.17 133.17 50.00 34.00
T4, T5
Tower with peak-T2,
61.56 97.61 95.00 34.00
T3, T6
NG PROTECTION CALCULATION BY LIGHTNING MASTS
Document No. THR002-SECL-33-COM-SYD-CN-0002
Description 3-LM METHOD

m Lightning Strokes, Book on “High Voltage Engineering” by Dr. D.V. Razevig.

if hx < 2/3 h (eqn. 31.2)

if hx > 2/3h (eqn. 31.3)

if h > 30m
if h < 30m

Radius of
Protection for
Object (hx) by LM
Rx (m)
11.250

l LM can calculated of height same as as lower height LM and the same can be located at
M with the horizontal axis on the vertex of lower height LM. Using the same equations (as
e distance of virtual LM from higher LM can be calculated as below:
if h < 2/3 H (eqn. 31.2)
if h > 2/3 H (eqn. 31.3)

if H > 30m
if H < 30m

Distance of Virtual Location of Virtual

Height Factor 'p' LM from Higher LM from Lower
LM Height LM

X (m) a' = a - X
1.0000 0.000 140.470
0.8109 7.298 97.572
0.8109 7.298 133.172
0.8109 7.298 133.172
0.8109 7.298 61.562
 0.8109 7.298 97.608

e of lower height LM and same height virtual LM' is calculated as per following section.

Imaginary LM at Mid-Point)
(eqn. 31.5)

if h > 30m
if h < 30m

if hx < 2/3 ho (eqn. 31.2)

if hx > 2/3ho (eqn. 31.3)
at Mid-Point as calculated above

if ho > 30m
if ho < 30m
 Object Height Height Factor 'p' Radius of Protection
Height Factor 'p' for Imaginary Mast for Object (hx) by
Protected on Mid-
for Main Masts (ho)
Point Main LM

p ho (m) po Rx (m)

0.943 12.725 1.000 23.345

0.943 19.222 1.000 23.345
0.943 25.106 1.000 23.345
0.943 13.831 1.000 23.345
0.943 13.831 1.000 23.345
0.943 25.822 1.000 23.345
0.943 24.676 1.000 23.345
0.943 19.217 1.000 23.345
0.943 19.612 1.000 23.345

Protection Zone is considered as Satisfied if : D < 8 ( h - h x ) p

where,
D = Diameter of the circle passing through the peaks of masts
D = a1 / sin (Theta1) (by elemental trigonometry)
Teta1 = Cos-1 ( ( a2 2+a3 2 -a1 2 ) / 2 a2 * a3 )
a1, a2 & a3 are sides of triangle
h = Height of LM
hx = Object Height to be Protected
p = Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h) if h > 30m
=1 if h < 30m
Object Height to Height Factor 'p' Active Height of LM
Diameter of Circle
be Protected for Main Masts
ha = (h-hx) p
hx (m) D (m) p

14.00 174.01 0.9433 18.87

14.00 135.58 0.9433 18.87

26.00 101.71 0.9433 7.55

HIDE / UNHIDE EXTRA ROWS
 Radius of
Protection for
Object (hx) by LM
(ho)

Rox (m)

-0.956
3.917 1
11.410
-0.127
-0.127 2
12.482
10.764
3.913 3
4.209

(eqn. 31.6)

ks of masts
(by elemental trigonometry)
Whether OK

D<8(h-hx)p

0
 DIRECT STROKE LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION BY LIGHTNING MASTS
Project name. 33 kV/3.3 kV AND 33 kV/6.6 kV SUBSTATIONS Document No. THR002-SECL-33-COM-SYD-CN-0002
Ref: DSLP PROTECTION Description 3-LM METHOD

Calculations are based on Razevig method, as per Chapter 31 - Protection from Lightning Strokes, Book on “High Voltage Engineering” by Dr. D.V. Razevig.

1) Protection Zone radius by Single LM around itself (Rx) :

Rx = 1.5 h * p * ( 1 - ( hx / 0.8h )) if hx < 2/3 h (eqn. 31.2)
Rx = 0.75 h * p * ( 1- hx / h) if hx > 2/3h (eqn. 31.3)
where, h= Mast height
hx = Object Height to be Protected
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h) if h > 30m
=1 if h < 30m

Object Radius of
Tower with Protection for
Sl. No. Height to be Height Factor 'p'
peak height Object (hx) by LM
Protected
h (m) hx (m) Rx (m)
1 46.00 14.00 0.8109 34.667
1 37.00 14.00 0.9042 26.448

2) Calculation of Virtual LM (In case of un-equal height LM's)

In case of Un-equal two un-equal height LM's, a virtual LM can calculated of height same as as lower height LM and the same can be located at
the point of intersection of protection zone of higher LM with the horizontal axis on the vertex of lower height LM. Using the same equations (as
used for determining protection zone for single LM, the distance of virtual LM from higher LM can be calculated as below:
X = 1.5 H * p * ( 1 - ( h / 0.8 H )) if h < 2/3 H (eqn. 31.2)
X = 0.75 H * p * ( 1- h / H ) if h > 2/3 H (eqn. 31.3)
where, H= Height of Higher LM
h= Height of Lower LM
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h) if H > 30m
=1 if H < 30m

Distance of Virtual Location of Virtual

Height of Height of Distance between
Sl. No. Height Factor 'p' LM from Higher LM from Lower
Higher LM Lower LM LM's
LM Height LM

H (m) h (m) a (m) X (m) a' = a - X

1 46.00 37.00 121.44 0.8109 5.474 115.961
2 46.00 34.00 104.87 0.8109 7.298 97.572
3 46.00 34.00 140.47 0.8109 7.298 133.172
4 46.00 34.00 140.47 0.8109 7.298 133.172
5 46.00 34.00 68.86 0.8109 7.298 61.562
6 46.00 34.00 104.91 0.8109 7.298 97.608

Once a virtual LM ( LM' ) is located, the protection zone of lower height LM and same height virtual LM' is calculated as per following section.
3) Protecion Zone of TWO equal height LM's
Maximum height protected at Mid-Point (Height of Imaginary LM at Mid-Point)
ho = h - ( a / 7*p ) (eqn. 31.5)
where, h= Mast height
a= Distance between LM's
p= Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h) if h > 30m
=1 if h < 30m
Radius of Protection for Imaginary LM (ho) at Mid-Point
Rox = 1.5 ho * po * ( 1 - ( hx / 0.8ho )) if hx < 2/3 ho (eqn. 31.2)
Rox = 0.75 ho * po * ( 1- hx / ho) if hx > 2/3ho (eqn. 31.3)
where, ho = Height of Imaginary LM at Mid-Point as calculated above
hx = Object Height to be Protected
po = Height factor for Imaginary LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (ho) if ho > 30m
=1 if ho < 30m

Radius of
Distance Object Height Height Factor 'p' Radius of Protection Protection for
Protection Object Height to Height Factor 'p'
between Mast Height Protected on Mid- for Imaginary Mast for Object (hx) by Object (h ) by LM
between LM's be Protected for Main Masts (ho) x
Masts Point Main LM (ho)

a (m) h (m) hx (m) p ho (m) po Rx (m) Rox (m)

T1' & T2 115.96 37.00 14 0.904 18.679 1.000 26.448 3.509

T2 & T3' 97.57 37 14 0.904 21.584 1.000 26.448 6.126
T3' & T1' 58.72 37 14 0.904 27.722 1.000 26.448 15.333
T2 & T5' 133.17 37 14 0.904 15.960 1.000 26.448 1.470
T4 & T5' 133.17 37 14 0.904 15.960 1.000 26.448 1.470
T2 & T4 54.00 37 14 0.904 28.468 1.000 26.448 16.452
T2 & T6' 61.56 34 14 0.943 24.676 1.000 23.345 10.764
T2 & T3' 97.61 34 14 0.943 19.217 1.000 23.345 3.913
T3' & T6 95.00 34 14 0.943 19.612 1.000 23.345 4.209

3) Protecion Zone by 3 LM Method (Triangle Method)

Protection Zone is considered as Satisfied if : D < 8 ( h - hx ) p (eqn. 31.6)
where,
D = Diameter of the circle passing through the peaks of masts
D = a1 / sin (Theta1) (by elemental trigonometry)
Teta1 = Cos-1 ( ( a2 2+a3 2 -a1 2 ) / 2 a2 * a3 )
a1, a2 & a3 are sides of triangle
h = Height of LM
hx = Object Height to be Protected
p = Height factor for LM
= 5.5 / SQRT (h) if h > 30m
=1 if h < 30m

Object Height to Height Factor 'p' Active Height of LM

Sides of Triangle LM Height Diameter of Circle Whether OK
be Protected for Main Masts
Vertex of Triangle
ha = (h-hx) p
a1 a2 a3 h (m) hx (m) D (m) p D<8(h-hx)p

Tower with peak-T1,

115.96 97.57 58.72 34.00 14.00 116.06 0.9433 18.87 1
T2, T3
Tower with peak-T2,
133.17 133.17 50.00 34.00 14.00 135.58 0.9433 18.87 1
T4, T5
Tower with peak-T2, 0
61.56 97.61 95.00 34.00 26.00 101.71 0.9433 7.55
T3, T6