CAM PW 04 102 99BridgeDesign

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RksYgsaFarNkar nig dwkCBa¢nÚ

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT
bTdæan
sikSaKMerags<an
BRIDGE DESIGN
STANDARD
CAM PW.04.102.99
1999
CAM PW 04-102-99 CAMBODIAN STANDARD
AMENDMENTS TO BASE DOCUMENT BRIDGE DESIGN
BLANK
July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

CAMBODIAN STANDARD CAM PW 04-102-99
BRIDGE DESIGN AMENDMENTS TO BASE DOCUMENT
FOREWORD
The Cambodia Bridge Design Standard is intended to be used for

the design of all new road and railway bridges in the Kingdom of
Cambodia. The Cambodian Bridge Design Standard consists of
the following complementary documents:
- CAM PW 04-101-99 Australian Bridge Design Code 1996

(the Base Document) and associated Commentary;
- CAM PW 04-102-99 this document (the Amendments)

which contains amendments and additions to the Base
document; and
- The Commentary on the Cambodian Bridge Design

Standard which contains amendments and additions to the
Commentary on the Base Document.
These documents shall be considered together. In the case of a

conflict between the provisions of the Base Document and the
provisions of the Amendments, the Amendments shall override
the Base Document.
From time to time the Base Docum ent may be changed by the
Australian Authorities. Any such change shall be automatically
incorporated into the Cambodian Bridge Design Standard unless
it conflicts with a provision of the Amendments.
For the purpose of regulating and interpreting the provisions of

this Standard, the AUTHORITY shall be the Cambodian Ministry
of Public Works and Transport.
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 1 of 39

This document has been

produced for the Kingdom of
Cambodia as a joint Australia –
Cambodia project sponsored by
the Australian Agency for
International Development
(AusAID).
Valuable assistance and

operational advice was
provided by the staff of the
Cambodian Ministry of Public
Works and Transport (MPWT)
Technical research and

specialist input was provided
by the Australian consulting
firms of McMillan Britton & Kell
Pty Limited and Willing &
Partners Pty Ltd.
Reproduction of extracts from this publication may be made subject

to due acknowledgment of the source.
Although this publication is believed to be correct at the time of

printing, neither the MPWT nor AusAID accept responsibility for any
consequences arising from the use of the information contained in it.
People using the information should apply, and rely upon, their own
skill and judgement to the particular issue which they are
considering.
Page 2 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART A LIST OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT................................ ............ 5
PART B TEXT OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT
Section 1 General 7
1.1 General Principles ................................ ................................ ..............................7
1.1.1 Applicability ................................ ................................ .................... 7
1.3.1 Bridge Carriageway Widths................................ ...............................7
1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways ................................ .7
1.3.4 Vertical Clearance at Structures................................ ........................ 7
1.10 Australian Standards ................................ ................................ ..........................8
Section 2 Design Loads
2.3 Traffic Loading................................ ................................ ................................ ....9
2.3.3 L44 Lane Loading ................................ ................................ ............ 9
2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading................................ ............................ 9
2.3.5 Number of Lanes for Design and Lateral Position of Loads................. 11
2.3.5.2 Heavy load platform loading ................................ ............................ 11
2.3.8 Fatigue Loading................................ ................................ ............. 11
2.4.2 Dynamic Load Allowance -T44 Truck and L44 Lane loading ...............11
2.5.2 Braking forces................................. ................................ .............. 11
2.5.4 Minimum Lateral Restraint Capacity - Ultimate Limit State ................ 12
2.8 Wind Loads 13
2.8.1 General................................ ................................ ......................... 13
2.8.2 Basic design wind speed ................................ ................................ 13
2.8.2.1 Derivation of site design gust wind speed (Vz)................................ ...13
2.8.2.2 Terrain Category ................................ ................................ ............ 14
2.8.2.3 Terrain and structure height multiplier (M (z,cat) )................................ .. 15
2.8.2.5 Topographic multiplier (Mt)................................ .............................. 17
2.8.3 Transverse wind load................................ ................................ ...... 17
2.8.3.1 Area of structure for calculation of transverse wind load, At ................ 18
2.8.3.2 Calculation of drag coefficients, Cd................................ ...................18
2.8.4 Longitudinal Wind Load................................ ................................ .. 19
2.8.5 Vertical Wind Load ................................ ................................ ........ 20
2.9 Thermal Effects................................ ................................ ................................ 20
2.9.2 Variation in Average Bridge Temperature................................ .......... 20
2.9.3 Differential Temperatures. ................................ ...............................22
2.13 Earthquake Forces ................................ ................................ ...........................23
2.13.1 General................................ ................................ ......................... 23
2.13.2 Earthquake Resistant Design................................ .......................... 23
2.13.4 Equivalent Quasi-Static Earthquake Forces................................ ...... 23
2.19 Road Signs and Lighting Structures ................................ ................................ ...24
2.19.3 Design Wind Speeds ................................ ................................ ..... 24
2.19.3.2 Ultimate Limit State ................................ ................................ .......24
2.19.4 Design Wind Pressure ................................ ................................ ...24
Section 3 Foundations................................ ................................ ................................ ...26
Section 4 Bearings And Deck Joints ................................ ................................ .............. 26
Section 5 Concrete
5.1 Scope and General ................................ ................................ ...........................27
5.1.1 Scope and Application ................................ ................................ ...27
5.1.1.2 Application ................................ ................................ .................... 27
5.1.5 Construction................................ ................................ .................. 27
5.2 Design Requirements and Procedures................................ ................................ 27

5.2.4 Design for Serviceability................................ ................................ . 27

5.2.4.3 Cracking................................ ................................ ....................... 27
5.4 Design for Durability................................. ................................ ........................ 28
5.4.3 Exposure Classification ................................ ................................ . 28
5.4.10 Requirements for Cover to Reinforcing Steel and Tendons ................. 29
5.4.10.3 Cover for corrosion protection ................................ ......................... 29
5.6 Design Properties of Materials................................ ................................ ........... 29
5.6.1 Properties of Concrete ................................ ................................ ... 29
5.6.1.1 Strength ................................ ................................ ....................... 29
5.6.1.7 Shrinkage................................ ................................ ..................... 29
5.6.1.8 Creep 29
5.6.2 Properties of Reinforcement ................................ ........................... 29
5.6.2.1 Strength ................................ ................................ ....................... 29
5.6.3 Properties of Tendons................................ ................................ .... 30
5.6.3.1 Strength ................................ ................................ ....................... 30
5.6.3.2 Modulus of elasticity................................ ................................ ...... 30
5.6.3.4 Relaxation of tendons ................................ ................................ .... 30
5.13 Stress Development and Splicing of Reinforcement and Tendons .......................... 31
5.13.1 Stress Development in Reinforcement ................................ ............. 31
5.13.1.2 Development length for bar in tension. ................................ ............. 31
5.14 Joints, Embedded Items, Fixings and Connections ................................ ............. 31
5.14.2 Embedded Items and Holes in Concrete................................ .......... 31
5.14.2.2 Limitations of materials ................................ ................................ .. 31
5.16 Material Requirements................................ ................................ ...................... 31
5.16.1 Material Requirements for Concrete and Grout ................................ . 31
5.16.1.1 Materials for concrete and grout................................ ...................... 31
5.16.1.2 Normal-class concret e................................ ................................ ... 33
5.16.2 Material for Reinforcing Steel................................ .......................... 33
5.16.2.1 Reinforcement................................ ................................ ............... 33
5.16.3 Material Requirements for Prestressing Ducts, Anchorages and
Tendons ................................ ................................ .............. 33
5.16.3.4 Tendons. ................................ ................................ ...................... 33
Appendix 5A Reference Documents................................ ................................ ............ 34
Section 6 Steel And Composite Construction
6.2 Materials 35
6.2.1 Yield Stress and Tensile Stress used in Design............................... 35
6.2.4 Fasteners ................................ ................................ ..................... 38
6.3.8 Design for Fire Resistance................................ ............................. 38
Section 7 Rating ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 39
Railway Supplement To Sections 1-5
1.1 General Principles................................ ................................ ............................ 39
1.1.1 Applicability ................................ ................................ .................. 39

PART A LIST OF AMENDED CLAUSES

IN THE BASE DOCUMENT
Sections 1 to 7:
1.1.1....................... (General Principles) Applicability
1.3.1......................... (Geometric Requirements) Bridge Carriageway Widths
1.3.2......................... Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways
1.3.4......................... Vertical Clearance at Structures
1.10.......................... Australian Standards
2.3.3......................... (Traffic Loading) L44 Lane Loading
2.3.4......................... (Traffic Loading) Heavy Platform Loading
2.3.5.2 ...................... (Position of Loads) Heavy load Platform loadings
2.3.8......................... Fatigue Loading
2.4.2......................... (Dynamic Load Allowance) T44 Truck and L44 Lane Loading
2.5.2......................... (Horizontal Forces) Braking Forces
2.5.4......................... Minimum Lateral restraint Capacity – Ultimate Limit State
2.8 ............................ Wind Loads (incl. All sub-clauses)
2.9.2......................... (Thermal effects) Variation in Average Bridge temperature
2.9.3......................... (Thermal effects) Differential temperatures
2.13.1....................... (Earthquake Effects) General
2.13.2....................... Earthquake Resistant Design
2.13.4....................... Equivalent Quasi-static Earthquake Forces
2.19.3....................... (Road Signs and lighting Structures) Design Wind Speeds
2.19.4....................... Design Wind Pressure
5.1.1.2 ...................... (Scope and Application) Application
5.1.5......................... (Scope and Application) Construction
5.2.4.3 ...................... (Design for Serviceability) Cracking
5.4.3......................... (Design for Durability) Exposure Classification
5.4.10.3.................... (Design for Durability) Cover for Corrosion Protection
5.6.1.1 ...................... (Properties of Concrete) Strength
5.6.1.7 ...................... (Properties of Concrete) Shrinkage
5.6.1.8 ...................... (Properties of Concrete) Creep
5.6.2.1 ...................... (Properties of Reinforcement) Strength
5.6.3.1 ...................... (Properties of Tendons) Strength
5.6.3.2 ...................... (Properties of Tendons) Modulus of Elasticity
5.6.3.4 ...................... (Properties of Tendons) Relaxation of Tendons
5.13.1.2.................... (Stress Development in Reinforcement) Development Length for Bar in
Tension
5.14.2.2.................... (Embedded Items and Holes in Concrete) Limitations of Materials
5.16.1.1.................... Materials for Concrete and Grout
5.16.1.2.................... (Material Requirements for Concrete and Grout) Normal-class Concrete
5.16.2.1.................... (Material Requirements for Reinforcing Steel) Reinforcement
5.16.3.4.................... (Material Requirements for Prestressing Ducts, Anchorages and Tendons)
Tendons
5A............................ Appendix 5A Reference Documents
6.2.1......................... Yield Stress and Tensile Stress Used in Design
6.3.8......................... Design for Fire Resistance
Railway Supplement to Sections 1 - 5

1.1.1..........................(General Principles) Applicability

PART B TEXT OF AMENDED CLAUSES

IN THE BASE DOCUMENT
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1.1 General Principles
1.1.1 Applicability
Add the following paragraph between paragraphs 2 and 3:
“The Cambodian Bridge Design Standard has been prepared for the design of road,
rail and pedestrian bridges and other bridge-related structures under the jurisdiction of
the Cambodia Ministry of Public Works and Transport, referred to in this document
as the Authority, and also for use by other Authorities and organisations.”
1.3.1 Bridge Carriageway Widths

Page 1.4, Para 2, line 4: replace “600 mm” by “500 mm.”
1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways

Replace existing Table 1.3.2 with the following Table:
Table 1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways.
TYPE OF ROAD DESIGN EDGE CLEARANCE

STANDARD (EACH SIDE)
Low volume, 2 lane roads, R1, No clearance minimum,
Projected ADT < 150 vehicles/day U1 250 mm preferred
Medium volume, 2 lane roads, R2, R3 250 mm minimum,
Projected ADT 150 to 3000 vehicles/day U2, U3 500 mm preferred
High volume, 2 lane roads, R4, R5, R6 500 mm minimum,
Projected ADT >3000 vehicles/day U4, U5, U6 1000 mm preferred
Note:
Traffic volumes are the expected Annual Average Daily Traffic volumes 30 years ahead.
Design standards are defined in the Cambodian Road Design Standard Part 1 – Geometry.
1.3.4 Vertical Clearance at Structures

In the last paragraph, replace “AS 1742.2” with “the appropriate Authority”.

1.10 Australian Standards

Delete “Australian” from the first paragraph.
Add the following paragraph:
“References to Australian Standards may generally be replaced by references to an

equivalent or similar standard from another country. Where specific provisions of
Australian Standards are required, these standards are either adopted in their original
form as a Cambodian Standard, or the relevant provisions are reproduced in the text
of this Standard.”

SECTION 2 DESIGN LOADS

2.3 Traffic Loading
2.3.3 L44 Lane Loading
Replace the Article as follows:
“The T44 Lane Loading shall consist of a uniformly distributed load as given in Figure
2.3.3 together with a tandem of two concentrated loads 90 kN each spaced at 1.20
m. The L44 Lane Loading shall be considered as uniformly distributed over the width
of a 3 m Standard Design Lane.
For continuous spans the L44 Lane Loading shall be continuous or discontinuous as
may be necessary to produce maximum effects, and the tandem of concentrated loads
shall be placed in such a position as to produce maximum effects. Only one tandem of
concentrated loads shall be used per lane except that one additional tandem of
concentrated loads of equal force shall be placed in each lane in one other span in the
series in such a position as to produce maximum negative moment. The L44 Lane
Loading does not apply for spans less than 10 m.”
2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading

Replace the whole of Article 2.3.4 with the following:
“(a) The HLP 240 design loading shall be applied to bridges on the following road
categories:
- Expressways
- Highways
- Provincial Roads
- Collector Roads
- Arterial Roads
These roads generally will comply with design standards R6/U6, R5/U5 and
R4/U4 of the Cambodian Road Design Standard Part 1 – Geometry.
(b) For a bridge on any other road category, the Authority shall determine if the
bridge shall be designed for the effects of Heavy Load Platform loadings.
(c) For bridges on special designated routes, as determined by the Authority, a

heavy load configuration, which shall be specified by the Authority, shall be
applied.
(d) The Heavy Load Platform (HLP) loadings shall have the following configurations:
i. 12 rows of axles (HLP 240).

ii. The total load per axle shall be 200 kN. The axle load shall be equally
distributed among all wheels.
iii.Axles shall be spaced at 1.8 m centres.
iv. 8 tyres per axle row.
v. The overall width of axles shall be 3.6 m. The lateral spacing of dual wheels
along an axle shall be as shown in Figure 2.3.4.
vi. For continuous bridges, the loading may be separated into two groups
of 6 axles (HLP 240) with a central gap of between 6 m and 15 m,
the gap being chosen to give the most adverse effect.
vii. The tyre contact area for each individual wheel shall be assumed to be
500 mm x 200 mm.”
HLP 240
12 axles @ 200 kN spaced at 1.80 m = total 2400 kN
Overall length 19.80 m
ELEVATION VIEW
500 400 500 800 500 400 500
1400 mm 1400 mm
3600 mm
END VIEW OF AN HLP AXLE
Figure 2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading

2.3.5 Number of Lanes for Design and Lateral Position of

Loads
2.3.5.2 Heavy load platform loading
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
“The HLP 240 Heavy Load Platform loading shall be assumed to centrally occupy
two Standard Design Lanes.”
2.3.8 Fatigue Loading

Replace Table 2.3.8 with the following:
Table 2.3.8 Fatigue Stress Cycles for Traffic Loadings
Fatigue design traffic Number of fatigue stress cycles for bridges on roads of
loading category:
Category R6/U6: All other roads
Expressways, Highways,
Arterial Roads
W7 Wheel loading 2,000,000 500,000
T44 Truck loading 500,000 100,000
L44 Lane loading 100,000 100,000
2.4.2 Dynamic Load Allowance -T44 Truck and L44 Lane

loading
The Dynamic Load Allowance for T44 and L44 loadings shall be 0.35, unless alternative
values based on tests or on dynamic analysis are approved by the Authority.
2.5.2 Braking forces.

For the lengths of the structures between 10m and 60m, the braking force will be:
300 kN + (L-10) m x 6 kN/m
Replace existing Figure 2.5.2 with the Figure on the following page:

700
600
Braking force (kN)

500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Length of structure considered
(m)
Figure 2.5.2 Braking Forces
2.5.4 Minimum Lateral Restraint Capacity - Ultimate Limit State

Replace paragraph three with the following:
“Restraints shall have sufficient lateral clearance to allow thermal movements,

especially on wide and curved superstructures. The restraint system for each
continuous section of superstructure shall be capable of resisting an ultimate design
horizontal force normal to the bridge centreline of 200 kN or 5% of the superstructur e
dead load at that support, whichever is greater.
For all bridges over roads, vehicular accesses, railways and navigable waters, the
restraint system shall be designed for an ultimate lateral load of 500 kN in accordance
with the following criteria:
1. Bridges over roads and vehicular accesses. Where the clearance between the
maximum legal load and the underside of the structure is less than 3.5 m, the 500 kN
load shall be applied to the superstructure within the width of the road formation.
2. Navigable waters. Where the clearance between the top of the design vessel,
excluding masts and aerials, to the underside of the bridge superstructure is less than
3.5 m, the load shall be applied to the superstructure within the width of the navigable
waters.
3. Railways. Where the clearance from the railways clearance zone to the underside
of the superstructure is less than 3.5 m, the load shall be applied to the superstructure
within the width of the railway clearance zone plus 10 m either side of the railway
clearance zone.”

2.8 Wind Loads

The whole of Article 2.8 shall be replaced with Clauses 2.8.1 to 2.8.5 as follows:
2.8.1 General
Designing for wind loading is to be based on a static analysis, which is essentially a quasi-
steady analysis approach using a design gust wind speed in conjunction with a mean loading
coefficient. The gust wind speed is the maximum wind speed, averaged over a period of 2
to 3 seconds which occurs in one hour. This approach is limited to conventional structures,
(nominally having a first-mode frequency of vibration of less than 1 Hz). For wind sensitive
structures such as suspension or long-span cable-stayed bridges, which may be subject to
significant wind excited dynamic response, special investigations into the dynamic behaviour
of the structure should be carried out.
The methodology for determining the wind loading here is based on the 92' AUSTROADS
Bridge Design Code and the Australian Standard for Wind Loading, AS 1170.2, to which
acknowledgments are made.
2.8.2 Basic d esign wind speed

The basic gust design wind speeds that shall be used are referenced to a standard exposure
of 10m height above open country terrain, for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit State design
conditions, defined by 20 and 2000 year Return Periods respectively. These are given for
the three Cambodian Regions in Table 2.8.2.
TABLE 2.8.2 Basic Gust Design Wind Speeds (m/sec)
Region Description Serviceability Ultimate

Limit State Limit State
Vs Vu
A Coastal Region within 50 km from the
coast 35 60
Coastal Region for 50 to 100 km from the
coast 35 50
B Coastal Region beyond 100 km from the
coast and Flat Land Region 35 45
C High Land 35 45
2.8.2.1 Derivation of site design gust wind speed (Vz )
The design gust wind speed (Vz ) at the site and for height, z , shall be calculated from the
appropriate limit state basic wind speed given in Table 2.8.2 as follows:

Vz = V M(z,cat) Mt
Where
Vz = The site design gust wind speed at height z, in metres per
second
V = The basic wind speed, (Vu) or (Vs) (see Table 2.8.2), in
metres per second
M(z,cat ) = A gust wind speed multiplier at height z for a terrain
category with upwind distance of at least 2500 m (see
Table 2.8.2.3)
Mt = A topographic multiplier which shall be 1.0 if the
approaching slopes are less than 0.05.
Note: Mz,cat may change from the tabulated values if the structure site is within
the transition zone near the edge of a terrain boundary (see Clause
2.8.2.4)
Irrespective of the calculation in this Clause, the ultimate limit state site design gust wind
speed (V z), shall not be less than 30 m/sec.
For serviceability limit state wind loads in conjunction with traffic loads on a structure, the
selection of a wind speed for a specified return interval is not appropriate and the design
wind speed shall be taken as 35 m/sec in all locations. The effect of wind on the traffic load
need not be considered.
2.8.2.2 Terrain Category
Terrain, over which the approach wind flows towards a structure, shall be assessed on the
basis of the following category descriptions:
(a) Category 1 Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and water
surfaces at serviceability wind speeds (V s) only.
(b) Category 2 Open terrain, grassland with few well scattered obstructions
having heights generally from 1.5m to 10.0m and water
surfaces for Vu.
(c) Category 3 Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the
size of domestic houses (3.0m to 5.0m high).
(d) Category 4 Terrain with numerous large, high (10.0m to 30.0m high) and
closely spaced obstructions such as large city centres and
well-developed industrial complexes.
Selection of terrain category shall be made with due regard to the permanence of the
obstructions which constitute the surface roughness, in particular vegetation in tropical
cyclonic regions shall not be relied upon to maintain a wooded terrain roughness.

2.8.2.3 Terrain and structure height multiplier (M (z,cat) )
The variation of terrain multipliers with height (z) shall be taken from Tables 2.8.2.3.(A) and
2.8.2.3 (B). Designers shall take account of probable future changes to terrain roughness in
assessment of terrain and structure height multipliers M (z,cat)
TABLE 2.8.2.3 (A) Terrain and Structure Height Multipliers for Gust
Wind Speeds in Fully Developed Terrains in Region A
Multiplier M (z,cat)
Height (z)
M Terrain Category 1&2 Terrain Category 3&4
≤3 0.90 0.80
5 0.95 0.80
10 1.00 0.89
15 1.07 0.95
20 1.13 1.05
30 1.20 1.15
40 1.25 1.25
50 1.29 1.29
75 1.35 1.35
≥ 100 1.40 1,40
TABLE 2.8.2.3 (B) Terrain and Structure Height Multipliers for Gust
Wind Speeds in Fully Developed Terrains in Regions B & C
Multiplier M (z,cat)
Height (z) Terrain Terrain Terrain Terrain
M Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
≤3 0.99 0.85 0.75 0.75

5 1.05 0.91 0.75 0.75
10 1.12 1.00 0.83 0.75
15 1.16 1.05 0.89 0.75

20 1.19 1.08 0.94 0.75
30 1.22 1.12 1.00 0.80
40 1.24 1.16 1.04 0.85

50 1.25 1.18 1.07 0.90

75 1.27 1.22 1.12 0.98
100 1.29 1.24 1.16 1.03

150 1.31 1.27 1.21 1.11
200 1.32 1.29 1.24 1.16
2.8.2.4 Changes in terrain category
Where, for the direction under consideration, the wind approaches across ground
with changes in terrain category within 2500 m of the structure, M(z,cat) shall be
taken as the weighted average terrain and structure height multiplier over the
2500m upwind of the structure at height z above ground level.
For evaluation at height z, a change in terrain incorporates a lag distance (x i)

1.25
 z 
xi = zo,r  
0.3 zo,r 
zo,r = larger of the two roughness lengths at a boundary between roughnesses (given in
Table 2.8.2.4)
z= height of the structure for which the design velocity is required.
Note: For height less than 10m the lag distance should be taken as 1.0.
TABLE 2.8.2.4 Roughness Lengths for Terrain Categories

Terrain category Roughness length (m)
Terrain category 1 0.002
Terrain category 4 2
The weighted average of Mz,cat is weighted by the length of each terrain upwind
of the structure allowing for the lag distance at each terrain category change for a
distance of 2500 m, as shown in Figure 2.8.2.4.

2500 m
xt 3 xt4 xt2
Wind direction
z z
z
Terrain cat 3 Terrain cat 4 Terrain cat 2
lag distance lag distance

x i tc3 / tc4 x i tc4 / tc2
M z , 2 xt 2 + M z , 4 xt 4 + M z , 3 xt 3
M z ,cat = for the case illustrated
2500
Figure 2.8.2.4 Changes in Terrain Category
2.8.2.5 Topographic multiplier (Mt)
For bridge sites approach slopes are usually less than 0.05, and for which Mt = 1.0.
However, if approach slopes are greater than 0.05 the Topographic Multiplier from Table
3.2.8 in AS 1170.2-1989 shall be used.
2.8.3 Transverse wind load

The transverse wind load shall be taken as acting horizontally at the centroids of the
appropriate areas, and shall be calculated as follows:
(a) Serviceability design transverse wind load Wt s*
Wt s* = 0.0006 Vs2 At Cd (kN)
(b) Ultimate design transverse wind load Wt u*
Wt u* = 0.0006 Vu At Cd (kN)
where:
Vs = design wind speed for Serviceability Limit States (m/sec)
Vu = design wind speed for Ultimate Limit States (m/sec)
At = area of the structure for calculation of wind load (m2 )
Cd = drag coefficient.

2.8.3.1 Area of structure for calculation of transverse wind load, At
The area of the structure or element under consideration shall be the solid area in normal
projected elevation subject to the following provisions:
(a) Superstructures with solid parapets
The area of the superstructure shall include the area of the solid windward parapet,
but the effect of the leeward parapet need not be considered.
(b) Superstructures with open parapets
The total load shall be the sum of the loads for the superstructure, the windward
barrier and the leeward barrier considered separately. Where there are more than
two parapets or safety fences, irrespective of the width of the superstructure, only
those two elements having the greatest unshielded effect shall be considered.
(c) Piers
Shielding shall not be considered.
2.8.3.2 Calculation of drag coefficients, Cd
(a) Drag coefficient for all superstructures with solid elevation
For superstructures with or without traffic load, C d shall be derived from

Figure 2.8.3.2 where
b = depth of bridge between outer faces of parapets
d = depth of superstructure (including solid parapet if applicable).
(b) Drag coefficient for truss girder superstructures
The wind force on truss girder superstructures shall be calculated by considering each
component individually, using the drag coefficients C d from Appendix B in AS 1170.2.
(c) Drag coefficients for beams during erection
The drag coefficient for beams and girders during erection stages shall be calculated
for individual beams using Figure 2.8.3.2. Shielding shall not be considered for
individual beams, but may be allowed for when two or more beams are connected,
provided the ratio of the clear distance between beams to the depth does not exceed
7. Under such circumstances, the drag coefficient for the combination may be taken
as 1.5 times the value for an individual beam.

(d) Drag coefficient for parapet railings, parapet barriers and substructures.
Drag coefficients shall be obtained from Appendix B in AS 1170.2.
Figure 2.8.3.2 Drag Coefficient Cd for Superstructures with Solid

Elevation
NOTES
1. The values given assume a vertical elevation and a horizontal wind
2. Where the windward face is inclined to the vertical, the drag coefficient C d may be reduced by
0.5% per degree of inclination from the vertical, subject to a maximum reduction of 30%.
3. Where the windward face consists of a vertical and a sloping part or two sloping parts inclined
at different angles, the wind load shall be derived as follows:
(a) The basic drag coefficient C d is calculated using the total depth of the structure.
(b) For each non-vertical face, the basic drag coefficient calculated above is reduced in
accordance with Note 2.
(c) The total wind load is calculated by applying the appropriate drag coefficients to the
relevant areas.
4. Where a superstructure is superelevated, Cd shall be increased by 3% per degree of inclination

to the horizontal, but not by more than 25%.
5. Where a superstructure is subject to wind inclined at not more than 5 degrees to the horizontal,
C d shall be increased by 15%. Where the angle of inclination exceeds 5 degrees, the drag
coefficient shall be derived from tests.
6. Where a superstr ucture is superelevated and also subject to inclined wind, the drag coefficient
shall be the subject of special investigation.
2.8.4 Longitudinal Wind Load

For piers, truss bridges and other superstructure forms which present a significant surface
area to wind loads parallel to the longitudinal centreline of the structure, a longitudinal wind

load shall be considered. The serviceability and ultimate design longitudinal wind loads shall
be calculated in a manner similar to those for transverse wind loads.
Longitudinal wind loads on the superstructure may also be significant during the construction
stage of some bridge types which are not affected by these loads at normal service levels.
2.8.5 Vertical Wind Load

An upward or downward vertical wind load, acting at the centroid of the appropriate area,
shall be calculated as follows:
(a) Serviceability design vertical wind load Wvs* (kN)
Wv s* = 0.00045 Vs2 Ap
(b) Ultimate design vertical wind load Wvu* (kN)
Wvu* = 0.00045 Vu2 Ap
where
Vx = design wind speed for Serviceability Limit States (m/sec)
Vu = design wind speed for Ultimate Limit States (m/sec)
Ap = bridge area in plan (m2 ).
The above relationships may be used provided the angle of inclination of the wind to the
structure is less than 5 degrees. For inclinations in excess of 5 degrees, the lift coefficient
shall be investigated by testing.
2.9 Thermal Effects

2.9.2 Variation in Average Bridge Temperature
Second paragraph, delete the following sentence:
“eg frost pockets and sheltered low-lying areas where the minimum shade air
temperature may be substantially lower”
Replace the Table 2.9.2 (a) with the following:

Table 2.9.2 (a) Shade Air Temperatures

0
SHADE AIR TEMPERATURES ( C)
CLIMATIC REGION (1) Maximum Minimum
Coastal (2) 40 11
Flat Land and High Land (3) 42 8
Notes: 1) For the extent of climatic regions refer to Figure 2.9.2
2) For locations less than 20 km from the sea coast the maximum temperature
may be reduced by 2 0 C and the minimum temperature increased by 3 0 C
3) For locations with altitude greater than 1000 m above the sea level the
maximum temperature shall be reduced by 10 0 C and the minimum
temperature shall be reduced by 5 0 C.

Add the following Figure 2.9.2:
Figure 2.9.2 Climatic Regions in Cambodia
2.9.3 Differential Temperatures.

In Figure 2.9.3, replace the “Regional Values for T” and associated information with the
following:
LOCATION OF THE BRIDGE T

1. All locations less than 500 m above sea level 13 0C
2. All locations more than 500 m above sea level 18 0C

2.13 Earthquake Forces

2.13.1 General
Replace the whole of the Clause with the following:
“There are no records of seismographs inside Cambodia in the World Earthquake

database. Information gathered in neighbouring countries indicates there are no
recorded epicentres in Cambodia.
A uniform acceleration coefficient of a = 0.05 is considered to be appropriate

throughout Cambodia.”
2.13.2 Earthquake Resistant Design

Insert between the second and the third paragraph:
“As a minimum requirement for conditions prevailing in Cambodia, the ends of deck at
abutments and at piers of simply supported structures shall allow for a minimum 200
mm of horizontal displacement additional to displacements calculated for other
loadings, without falling off the edge of the support.”
2.13.4 Equivalent Quasi-Static Earthquake Forces

(a) Seismicity factor, α
Delete Table 2.13.4.1 and replace the text with the following:
“The value of Seismicity Factor shall be determined by the application of the following
relationship to the acceleration coefficient, a:
For a # 0.08 α = 0.13”
(e) Site-structure resonance factor, S
Replace the text with the following:
“The Site-Structure Resonance Factor shall be either taken as 1.5 or determined from
Table 2.13.4 (e):

Table 2.13.4.(e) Site-Structure Resonance Factors

SOIL PROFILE SITE-STRUCTURE
RESONANCE
FACTOR S
A profile of rock materials with rock strength low or better 0.67
A soil profile with either;
(a) Rock material with extreme low or very low strength
characterised by shear wave velocities greater than 760 m/sec, or
(b) not more than 30 m of :medium dense to very dense coarse 1.0
sands and gravels;
firm, stiff or hard clays; or
controlled fill
A soil profile with more than 30 m of :
Medium dense to very dense coarse sand and gravels :
Firm, stiff or hard clays; or 1.25
Controlled fill
A soil profile with a total depth of 20 m or more and containing 6 to 12 m
of:
1.5
Very soft to soft clays;
Very loose or loose sands;
Silts; or
Uncontrolled fill
A soil profile with more than 12 m of;
Very soft to soft clays:
Very loose or loose sands; 2.0
Silts; or
Uncontrolled fill characterised by shear wave velocities less
than 150 m/sec
2.19 Road Signs and Lighting Structures

2.19.3 Design Wind Speeds
2.19.3.2 Ultimate Limit State
Replace the first line with the following:
“The basic design gust wind speed shall be:”
Replace “200 year return interval wind speed *” with “ 0.85 Vu* ”
Replace “* Determine from AS 1170.2” with “ The design wind speed, Vu, shall be
determined from Clause 2.8.2.1 which includes the application of height and topographical
multipliers.”
2.19.4 Design Wind Pressure

The design wind pressure q* (kPa), for Serviceability or Ultimate Limit States, may be
calculated using the following equivalent dynamic pressure approach:

Q * = 0 .61 C d V 2 10 −3
where
V = the basic wind speed (VU ) or (VS) (see Table 2.8.2), in metres per second.
Cd = drag coefficient, determined from AS1170.2 or Table 2.19.4, as appropriate.
Note: For tall slender structures, such as high masts, the equivalent dynamic pressure
approach may be unconservative. As an alternative the gust-energy or gust-
factor method of determining design wind loads may be employed.

SECTION 3 FOUNDATIONS
The AUSTROADS Code includes provisions for the determination of ultimate pile
resistance design of pile footings by a choice of methods, including static analysis, dynamic
analysis or static load testing, and provides the appropriate material factors for
determination of the design resistances.
In view of the broad range of acceptable methods, which also include the current practice
in Cambodia, it is not considered necessary to modify this Section.
The following Australian Standards referred to in the text have been replaced:
AS 2042 replaced by AS 2041

AS1342 replaced by AS 4058
SECTION 4 BEARINGS AND DECK JOINTS

There are no amendments to Section 4 except that AS 1511, referred to in Clause 4.14.3,
has been replaced by AS 4100.
Refer to Section 4 Commentary for revised Articles C4.3 and C4.17

SECTION 5 CONCRETE
5.1 Scope and General
5.1.1 Scope and Application
5.1.1.2 Application
Add after (a):
“Compressive strength of concrete is defined in this Code on the basis of tests carried
out on standard test cylinders 150 mm diameter by 300 mm long. Where concrete
strength is to be determined on the basis of tests carried out on samples of other
dimensions, this fact shall be clearly stated on the drawings and in the specification.
Where standard 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm concrete cubes are used for testing,
the equivalent standard cylinder strength may be obtained from:
  f cube
'
 '
f c' = 0 .76 + 0 .2 log 10   f cube
  15 
5.1.5 Construction
Add the following paragraph at the end of the Article:
“The tolerances for position and size of the structure and members are reproduced in
Clause C5.15. More stringent tolerances may be required for reasons of
serviceability, fit of components, or aesthetics of the structure. These will be specified
in the Construction Specifications issued by relevant Authorities.”
5.2 Design Requirements and Procedures

5.2.4 Design for Serviceability
5.2.4.3 Cracking
Refer to the Commentary for examples of additional requirements stipulated by some Road
Authorities in Australia to supplement the requirements related to cracking.

5.4 Design for Durability.

5.4.3 Exposure Classification
Replace the existing Table 5.4.3 with the new Table 5.4.3.
Table 5.4.3 Exposure Classifications

SURFACE AND EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENT EXPOSURE
CLASSIFICATION
1 SURFACES OF MEMBERS IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND (Note
1)
(a) Members in non-aggressive soil (Note 2) B1
(b) Members protected by a damp-proof membrane A
(c) Members in aggressive soils (Note 3) U
2 SURFACES OF MEMBERS IN INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT
Fully enclosed within a structure except for a brief period of
weather exposure during construction. A
3 SURFACES OF MEMBERS IN ABOVE-GROUND EXTERIOR
ENVIRONMENTS IN AREAS THAT ARE:
(a) Inland & near-coastal (> 1 km from coastline). B1
(b) Coastal (Up to 1 km from coast-line but excluding tidal and
splash zones) (Note 4). B2
4 SURFACES OF MEMBERS IN WATER (Note 1)
(a) In fresh water B1
(b) In sea water or ground water containing salt:
(i) permanently submerged B2
(ii) In tidal or splash zone C
(c) In soft or running water U
5 SURFACES OF MEMBERS IN OTHER ENVIRONMENTS
Any exposure environment not described in Items 1 to 4 above U
Notes: 1) Members, such as piles without permanent steel casing, shall be classified as members
in water unless it is proved by geotechnical investigation that no part of the member is
below the permanent water table level.
2) If testing has been undertaken to ascertain that the soil in contact with concrete is non-
aggressive, then exposure classification A may be used, provided that the soil is not
subject to wetting and drying. Typically, members in the top 500 mm of soil would not
qualify for this reduction.
3) Permeable soils with pH < 4.0 or with ground level containing more than one gram per litre
of sulphate ions, would be considered aggressive.
4) For the purpose of this Table, the coastal zone includes locations within 1 km of the
shoreline of the large expanses of salt water, eg river deltas affected by tides. Where there
are strong prevailing winds or vigorous surf, the distance should be incr eased beyond 1
km and higher levels of protection should be considered. Proximity to small salt water
bays, estuaries and rivers may be disregarded, except for structures immediately over or
adjacent to such bodies of water.

5.4.10 Requirements for Cover to Reinforcing Steel and

Tendons
5.4.10.3 Cover for corrosion protection
Add at the end of Clause 5.4.10.3 (b):
“In cases where the standard of formwork is likely to be lesser than specified by
AS 3610 - Formwork for Concrete, the values in Table 5.4.10.3 (A) shall be suitably
increased.”
5.6 Design Properties of Materials

5.6.1 Properties of Concrete
5.6.1.1 Strength
Add at the end of this Clause:
“For the definition of the compressive strength of concrete refer to Clause 5.1.1.2.”
5.6.1.7 Shrinkage
For the applicability of the curves for the shrinkage coefficient k 1 appropriate for the relative
humidities applicable in Cambodia refer to clause C5.6.1.7.
5.6.1.8 Creep
For the applicability of the curves for the creep factor coefficient k2 appropriate for the
relative humidities applicable in Cambodia refer to clause C5.6.1.8.
5.6.2 Properties of Reinforcement

5.6.2.1 Strength
Add the following paragraph after the existing first paragraph:
“Reinforcing bars, steel hard drawn wires and welded wire fabric to the ASTM
Standards may be also used follows:
Type Australian Standard ASTM Standard
Deformed bars AS 1302 A 615 Grade 60*

Steel wire AS 1303 A 185
Welded wire fabric AS 1304 A 82
* Bars to A 615 are not weldable.”

Add the following paragraph at the end of this Clause:
“The AUSTROADS Code provision for design of concrete are based on main
reinforcement deformed bars with yield strength of 400 MPa; refer to Table 5.6.2.1.
Reinforcement of higher yield strengths may be sometimes available. Currently the use
of such reinforcing bars is not fully covered by this Code, unless they are used on the
basis of fsy = 400 MPa.
5.6.3 Properties of Tendons

5.6.3.1 Strength
Add at the end of (a) add the following:
“The nearest equivalent ASTM standards are:
ASTM 416-96 Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire

for Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A722-97 Standard Specification for Uncoated High-Strength Steel Bar for
Prestressing Concrete.
ASTM A882/A882M-96 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Seven-Wire
Prestressing Steel Strand.
ASTM A886/A886M-96 Standard specification for Steel Strand, Indented, Seven-
Wire Stress-Relieved for Prestressed Concrete.
If the tendons are to be supplied to ASTM Standards, the parameters provided in

Table 5.6.3.1 for tendons made and supplied to AS 1310 to AS 1313 shall be
modified in accordance with the appropriate parameters specified by the ASTM
Standards.”
5.6.3.2 Modulus of elasticity
Add the following at the end of (a):
“If tendons are to be supplied to ASTM Standards, the modulus of elasticity of

tendons shall be taken as specified by the appropriate ASTM standards.”
5.6.3.4 Relaxation of tendons
(b) Basic relaxation
Add the following:
“(iii) If tendons are to be supplied to ASTM Standards, the basic relaxation of

tendons shall be as specified by the appropriate ASTM standards.”

5.13 Stress Development and Splicing of Reinforcement

and Tendons
5.13.1 Stress Development in Reinforcement
5.13.1.2 Development length for bar in tension.
(b) Deemed-to-comply development length
Add the following:
“(vi) fsy does not exceed 400 MPa.”
5.14 Joints, Embedded Items, Fixings and Connections

5.14.2 Embedded Items and Holes in Concrete
5.14.2.2 Limitations of materia ls
In Article (a) replace “AS 3600” by “the Authority”.
5.16 Material Requirements

5.16.1 Material Requirements for Concrete and Grout
5.16.1.1 Materials for concrete and grout
(a) Portland Cement
Add the following at the end of the sub-clause:
“Cement complying with ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Type I would also be acceptable.”
(b) Blended cements.
“ASTM C595M Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (Metric) is

the nearest equivalent ASTM specification that covers blended cements. It contains
more types than the Australian Standard.”
(c) Fly ash.
Replace “AS 3583.1” with “AS 3582.1”.

“The ASTM C618 Standard Specification for coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete is the nearest
equivalent.”
(d) Slag.
Replace “AS 3972” with “AS 3582.1”.
“The ASTM C989 Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
for Use in Concrete and Mortars is the nearest ASTM equivalent.”
Add new sub-clause after (d) as follows:
“(e) Silica fume
Silica fume shall comply with AS 3582.3
The ASTM C 1240 Standard specification for Silica Fume for Use as a Mineral
Admixture in Hydraulic Cement, Concrete, Mortar and Grout is the nearest
equivalent.”
Renumber existing sub-clause (e) as follows:
“(f) Aggregates”
and add the following to the end of the renumbered sub-clause:
“ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates is the nearest

equivalent ASTM standard.”
Renumber existing sub-clause (f) as follows:
“(g) Water”
Renumber existing sub-clause (g) as follows:
“(h) Chemical admixtures”
and add the following to the end of the renumbered sub-clause:
“ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures in Concrete is the

nearest equivalent standard. Other relevant ASTM Standards are ASTM C260

Standard Specification for Air-entraining Admixtures of Concrete and ASTM C1017

Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing
Concrete.
Cellulose-type chemical water thickeners may be used in grout (See SAA MP 20

Part 3).”
Renumber existing sub-clause (h) as follows:
“(i) Other materials”
5.16.1.2 Normal-class concrete
Replace Article 5.16.1.2 (d)(i) with the following:
“Cement shall comply with AS 3972 alone or in combination with one or more
cementitious materials.”
5.16.2 Material for Reinforcing Steel

5.16.2.1 Reinforcement
At the end of the Article, add the following:
“Alternative ASTM Standards are listed in Article 5.6.2.1.”
5.16.3 Material Requirements for Prestressing Ducts,

Anchorages and Tendons
5.16.3.4 Tendons.
At the end of the first paragraph add the following:
“The nearest equivalent ASTM standards are:
ASTM 416-96 Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire

for Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A886/A886M-96 Standard specification for Steel Strand, Indented, Seven-
Wire Stress-Relieved for Prestressed Concrete.”

Appendix 5A Reference Documents

Add the following references:
“AS 3582.1 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for use with Portland and
Blended Cement - Fly Ash
AS 3582.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for use with Portland and
Blended Cement - Ground Granulated Iron Blast Furnace Slag
AS 3582.3 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for use with Portland and
Blended Cement - Silica Fume
ASTM A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for
Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM A82 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTM 416-96 Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for
Prestressed Concrete
ASTM A886/A886M -96 Standard specification for Steel Strand, Indented, Seven-Wire
Stress-Relieved for Prestressed Concrete.
ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement Type I would also be
acceptable.
ASTM C595M Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (Metric)
ASTM C618 Standard Specification for coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete
ASTM C989 Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
for Use in Concrete and Mortars
ASTM C1240 Standard specification for Silica Fume for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Hydraulic Cement, Concrete, Mortar and Grout
ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures in Concrete
ASTM C260 Standard Specification for Air-entraining Admixtures of Concrete
ASTM C1017 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing
Flowing Concrete.”
The following Australian Standards referred to in Section 5 have been withdrawn:
AS1312
AS 1314

ECTION 6 STEEL AND COMPOSITE

S
CONSTRUCTION
6.2 Materials
6.2.1 Yield Stress and Tensile Stress used in Design.
Add the following new Article after 6.2.1.1:
“6.2.1.3 Equivalent ASTM Standards
The revised Table 6.2.1 includes nearest, but not exact, equivalent ASTM Standards
and Grades. An exact equivalent is not possible to specify as there is sometimes none
available or because part of the standard complies, but other part may not (eg the
range of thicknesses).
In critical cases both standards (AS and ASTM) should be compared and the
designer should establish the full compatibility of the ASTM Standard for the intended
use.
Table 6.2.1 Strength of Steels Complying with AS 1163, AS 1594, AS

3678 and AS 3679.
Steel Form Steel Grade Thickness Yield Tensile ASTM ASTM
Standard of material Stress Streng th No. Grade
(t), (mm) (MPa) (MPa)
AS 1163 Hollow Sections C450 All 450 500
C450 L0 All 450 500
C350 All 350 430
C350L0
C250 All 250 320

C250L0
AS 1594 Plate & Strip XF500 All 480 570 A715 Gr 70
(see
Note)
Plate, Strip & Hd400 All 400 460 A572 Gr 60
Floorplate
Plate & Strip XF400 t ≤ 3.5 380 460 A715 Gr 60
t > 3.5 360 440 A715 Gr 60
Plate, Strip & Hd350 All 350 430 A572 Gr 50
Floorplate
Plate & Strip HW350 All 340 450 A606
Plate, Strip & Hd300/1 All 300 430 A41 4 Gr B
Floorplate Hd300 All 300 400 A572 Gr 42
Plate & Strip XF300 All 300 440 A715 Gr 50
Plate, Strip & Hd250 All 250 350 A36
Floorplate Hd200 All 200 300 A570 Gr 30

Table 6.2.1 (Continued)

Standard of material Stress Strength No. Grade
AS 3678 Plate 400 t ≤ 12 400 480 A572 Gr 60
400L15
400 12<t ≤ 20 380 480 A572 Gr 60
400L15
400 20<t ≤ 50 360 480 A572 Gr 60
400L15
350 T ≤ 12 360 450 A572 Gr 50
350L15
Plate 350 12<t ≤ 20 350 450 A 572 Gr 50
350L15
350 20<t ≤ 80 340 450 A 572 Gr 50
350L15
350 80<t ≤150 330 450 A 572 Gr 50
350L15
WR350/1 T ≤ 50 340 450 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/L0
Plate & Floorplate 300 T≤8 320 430 A529 Gr 42
300L15
Plate 300 8<t ≤ 12 310 430 A529 Gr 42
300L15
300 12<t ≤ 20 300 430 A529 Gr 42
300L15
300 20<t ≤ 150 280 430 A529 Gr 42
300L15
Plate & Floorplate 250 t≤8 280 410 A 36
250L15
250 8<t ≤ 12 260 410 A 36
250L15
Plate 250 12<t ≤ 50 250 410 A 36
250L15
250L15 50<t ≤ 150 240 410 A 36
250 50<t ≤ 80 240 410 A 36
250 80<t ≤ 150 230 410 A36
Plate & Floorplate 200 t ≤ 12 200 300 A 283 Gr C
AS 3679 Sections & Flat 350 T ≤ 12 360 480 A 572 Gr 50
Bars 350L0
350L15
350 12 <t <40 340 480 A 572 Gr 50
350L0
350L15
350 t ≤ 40 330 480 A 572 Gr 50
350L0
350L15
WR350/1 T ≤ 12 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/1L0
WR350/2 T ≤ 50 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/2L0 T ≤ 30 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/2L15 300 430
300, 300L0 A529 Gr42
300L15


250 t ≤ 12 260 410 A 36
250L0
250L15
250 12 < t < 40 250 410 A 36
250L0
250L15

Table 6.2.1 (Continued)

AS 3679 Sections & Flat 250 t ≥ 40 230 410 A 36
bars (cont.) 250L0
250L15
AS 3679 Round, Square & 350 t ≤ 50 340 480 A 572 Gr 50
Hexagonal Bars 350L0
350L15
350 50<t<100 330 480 A 572 Gr 50
350LO
350L15
350 t ≥ 100 320 480 A 572 Gr 50
WR350/1 T ≤ 12 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/1LO
WR350/2 T ≤ 50 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/2LO T ≤ 30 340 480 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/2L15
250, 250 LO, T ≤ 50 250 410 A 36
250L15
250 50 < t < 100 250 410 A 36
250 100 ≤ t 230 410 A 36
AS 3689.2 Welded Section 400 8 < t ≤ 12 400 480 A 572 Gr 60
400L15 12< t ≤ 20 380 480
20< t ≤ 50 360 480
WR150/1 8 < t ≤ 50 340 450 A 871 Gr 60
WR350/1LO
300 8 < t 20 300 430 A 529 Gr 42
300L15 20 < t 50 300 430
6.2.4 Fasteners
The Australian Standard AS 1285 referred to in the text has been withdrawn.
6.3.8 Design for Fire Resistance

Replace the existing Article with the following:
“In instances where it is considered necessary for a bridge to be designed for fire
resistance (for example, railway underbridges near railway stations) the relevant
policies of the Authority shall be observed and specialist literature on the design for
fire resistance shall be consulted.”

SECTION 7 RATING
There are no amendments to Section 7.
RAILWAY SUPPLEMENT TO SECTIONS 1-5

1.1 General Principles
1.1.1 Applicability
In the first line replace “Australia” with “Cambodia”.

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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

The Cambodia Bridge Design Standard is intended to be used for

- CAM PW 04-101-99 Australian Bridge Design Code 1996

- CAM PW 04-102-99 this document (the Amendments)

- The Commentary on the Cambodian Bridge Design

These documents shall be considered together. In the case of a

For the purpose of regulating and interpreting the provisions of

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 1 of 39

This document has been

Valuable assistance and

Technical research and

Reproduction of extracts from this publication may be made subject

Although this publication is believed to be correct at the time of

Page 2 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

PART B TEXT OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 3 of 39

5.2.4 Design for Serviceability................................ ................................ . 27

Page 4 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

PART A LIST OF AMENDED CLAUSES

Railway Supplement to Sections 1 - 5

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 5 of 39

1.1.1..........................(General Principles) Applicability

Page 6 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

PART B TEXT OF AMENDED CLAUSES

1.3.1 Bridge Carriageway Widths

1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways

Table 1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways.

TYPE OF ROAD DESIGN EDGE CLEARANCE

1.3.4 Vertical Clearance at Structures

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 7 of 39

1.10 Australian Standards

Add the following paragraph:

“References to Australian Standards may generally be replaced by references to an

Page 8 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

SECTION 2 DESIGN LOADS

2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading

(c) For bridges on special designated routes, as determined by the Authority, a

i. 12 rows of axles (HLP 240).

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 9 of 39

iii.Axles shall be spaced at 1.8 m centres.

iv. 8 tyres per axle row.

12 axles @ 200 kN spaced at 1.80 m = total 2400 kN

Overall length 19.80 m

500 400 500 800 500 400 500

END VIEW OF AN HLP AXLE

Figure 2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading

Page 10 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

2.3.5 Number of Lanes for Design and Lateral Position of

Replace the first paragraph with the following:

2.3.8 Fatigue Loading

Table 2.3.8 Fatigue Stress Cycles for Traffic Loadings

2.4.2 Dynamic Load Allowance -T44 Truck and L44 Lane

2.5.2 Braking forces.

300 kN + (L-10) m x 6 kN/m

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT July 1999 Page 11 of 39

Braking force (kN)

Figure 2.5.2 Braking Forces

2.5.4 Minimum Lateral Restraint Capacity - Ultimate Limit State

“Restraints shall have sufficient lateral clearance to allow thermal movements,

Page 12 of 39 July 1999 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

2.8 Wind Loads