CHM3010

Chemistry lab report

Name Krishnapreeya a/p Karvannan 196490

Partner’s Number Mohamad Alif bin Ismail 197681

Title Heat of reaction

Date 9th November 2018

Demonstrator Nurul Hidayah binti Mustaffar Kamal

Lecturer’s Name Dr. Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi

Objectives

1. Use the calorimeter method to determine heat capacity of the calorimeter.

2. Deduce the heat of Mg reacted with acid using the calorimeter method.
3. Use the calorimeter method to determine heat of HCl-NaOH and
CH3COOH-NaOH neutralization.

Introduction

ΔH, or the change in enthalpy arose as a unit of measurement meant to calculate the
change in energy of a system when it became too difficult to find the ΔU, or change in
the internal energy of a system, by simultaneously measure the amount
of heat and work exchanged. Given a constant pressure, the change in enthalpy can be
measured as ΔH=q (see enthalpy for a more detailed explanation).

The notation ΔHº or ΔHºrxn then arises to explain the precise temperature and
pressure of the heat of reaction ΔH. The standard enthalpy of reaction is symbolized
by ΔHº or ΔHºrxn and can take on both positive and negative values. The units
for ΔHº are kiloJoules per mole, or kj/mol.

ΔH and ΔHºrxn

 Δ = represents the change in the enthalpy; (ΔHproducts -ΔHreactants)

 a positive value indicates the products have greater enthalpy, or that it is an
endothermic reaction (heat is required)
 a negative value indicates the reactants have greater enthalpy, or that it is an
exothermic reaction (heat is produced)
 º = signifies that the reaction is a standard enthalpy change, and occurs at a
preset pressure/temperature
 rxn = denotes that this change is the enthalpy of reaction

The Standard State: The standard state of a solid or liquid is the pure substance at a
pressure of 1 bar ( 105 Pa) and at a relevant temperature.

The ΔHºrxn is the standard heat of reaction or standard enthalpy of a reaction, and
like ΔH also measures the enthalpy of a reaction. However, ΔHºrxn takes place under
"standard" conditions, meaning that the reaction takes place at 25º C and 1 atm. The
benefit of a measuring ΔH under standard conditions lies in the ability to relate one
value of ΔHº to another, since they occur under the same conditions.

Results

1. To determine the heat capacity of calorimeter

  Initial temperature of water : 70oC
 Initial temperature of water in calorimeter : 26oC

Temperature 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210

/time(sec)

1st trial (oC) 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 51 51 51 51 51 50 50

2nd trial (oC) 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Temperature vs Time

52.5

52
Temperrature (oC)

51.5

51

50.5

50

49.5
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time (s)

1st trial 2nd trial

 2. To determine the heat of reaction of Mg reacted with HCl

 Initial temperature of HCl mixture : 32 oC

Temperature 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210

/time(sec)

1st trial(oC) 32 32 34 36 38 41 43 44 45 46 46 46 46 47
2nd trial(oC) 32 34 34 38 41 43 44 45 46 46 46 47 47 47
 Temperature vs Time
50

45

40

35
Temperature (oC)

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time (s)

3. To determine heat of neutralization

  Temperature of HCl acid solution : 29oC
 Temperature of NaOH solution : 28oC

Temperature 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210

/time(sec)

1st trial (oC) 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

2nd trial (oC) 33 33 33 33 33 33 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

Temperature vs Time
33.2

33

32.8
Temperature (oC)

32.6

32.4

32.2

32

31.8
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time (s)

1st trial 2nd trial

  Temperature of acetic acid solution : 30oC
 Temperature of NaOH solution : 28oC

Temperature 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210

/time(sec)

1st trial (oC) 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

2nd trial (oC) 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
 Temperature vs Time
33.2

33

32.8
Temperature (oC)

32.6

32.4

32.2

32

31.8
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time (s)
1st trial 2nd trial

Discussion
1. To determine the heat capacity of calorimeter, hot water was added into the
calorimeter which was filled with warm water. There is a little difference in
temperature from 15th second (52oC) to 210th second (50oC). For a long time, the
temperature is was constant. In first trial, the temperature dropped at 120th second
while for second trial it dropped at 90th second. This take place because for the second
trial the thermometer was rinsed with distilled water. So when the temperature
observed in second trial dropped faster than first one it is because the thermometer
was cool and easier to absorb heat faster. The change in temperature also might be
because of wrong reading of thermometer while the experiment was done.

2. To determine the heat of reaction of Mg reacted with HCl, Mg strips were added to
HCl solution in the calorimeter and temperature was recorded. The initial temperature
was 32oC. After a 2 to 3 minutes, the temperature was found to be increased to 47oC.
This showed that when Magnesium metal and Hydrochloric Acid reacts the energy or
heat is absorbed. The temperature increment in second trial is drastic than the first one.
It is maybe because of some errors in reading of thermometer.

3. To determine the heat of neutralization there were strong and weak acid used in the
experiment.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + heat

Since these are dilute solutions and are mostly water, assume that the densities of the
solutions and the specific heat capacities of the solutions are approximately 1.0 g/ml
and 4.184 J/goC, respectively. In order to grasp the main concepts associated with this
demonstration, assume the calorimeter is very well insulated and that no enery, heat is
lost to the surroundings or walls of container.The initial temperature was 32oC and the
final was 33oC.

Errors and precautions

The 5M of HCl is corrosive. The 0.5M of NaOH is caustic. Both the acid and base
solutions can cause burns to exposed skin and damage to eyes. Use gloves and eye
protection while preparing and performing the experiments. When reading the
temperature on the thermometer, it should be vertical and eyes should be level with
the top of the liquid in the glass tube.
Conclusion

The heat capacity of the calorimeter determined from the experiment is 313.8 J/oC.
The heat of Mg reacted with HCl using the calorimeter method is 264.65 kJ/mol. The
heat of HCl-NaOH neutralization is -29.288 kJ/mol and the heat of CH3COOH-NaOH
neutralization is -732.2 J.